Interference Mitigation in Frequency Hopping Ad Hoc Networks
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CITC Operational Procedures for Issuing Frequency Assignments and Radio Licenses for Professional Radiocommunication Services
CITC Operational Procedures for Issuing Frequency Assignments and Radio Licenses for Professional Radiocommunication Services Contents 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 5 2. AERONAUTICAL SERVICES ................................................................................. 6 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 6 2.2 DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES/LICENCES ................................................................ 6 2.2.1 LICENCES AVAILABLE. ........................................................................................ 6 2.2.2 WHO CAN APPLY ................................................................................................ 7 2.3 FREQUENCY BANDS ........................................................................................... 7 2.4 LICENSING GUIDELINES ...................................................................................... 7 2.4.1 CALL SIGNS ....................................................................................................... 7 2.4.2 FITTING OF EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................... 8 2.4.3 OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT ................................................................................ 8 2.5 LICENCE APPLICATION FORMS ............................................................................ 8 2.6 TIMESCALES FOR LICENCE ISSUE ....................................................................... -
Revision of ST61, Nor Was the Stockholm Agreement of 1961 the First Broadcasting Frequency Plan
SPECTRUM PLANNING Revision of ST61— Lessons learned from history J. Doeven Nozema, the Netherlands Over the next few years, the Stockholm Frequency Plan of 1961 will be revised to produce a new plan for digital broadcasting in the European Broadcasting Area. In this article, the author describes some of the lessons learned from history which must be taken into account when revising the original Stockholm Plan. Introduction In June 2001, the ITU Council decided – on the basis of a proposal from European countries – that the Stock- holm Agreement of 1961 (ST61) shall be revised in order to make a new frequency plan for digital broadcast- ing. The conference to revise ST61 will consist of two sessions. The first session is planned for May 2004; the second session is foreseen in 2005 or 2006. This conference will not be the first revision of ST61, nor was the Stockholm Agreement of 1961 the first broadcasting frequency plan. Since the start of broadcasting there has been a need for a-priori frequency plans; i.e. frequency plans that are made at a conference and are valid for a long period of time, often 15 or more years. Actually, the Stockholm Plan of 1961 has been in use for more than 40 years! In retrospect, the results achieved at some earlier broadcasting conferences 1 can be reviewed and weighted against the principal conditions required for establishing a-priori plans. The conclusions drawn from this exer- cise may then provide a valuable lesson from history as we prepare for the revision of ST61. A-priori plans Around 1920, broadcasting started in a number of countries. -
On-Demand Routing in Multi-Hop Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology ISSN 2320–088X IJCSMC, Vol. 2, Issue. 7, July 2013, pg.317 – 321 RESEARCH ARTICLE ON-DEMAND ROUTING IN MULTI-HOP WIRELESS MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS P. Umamaheswari 1, K. Ranjith singh 2 1Periyar University, TamilNadu, India 2Professor of PGP College, TamilNadu, India 1 [email protected]; 2 [email protected] Abstract— An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any preexisting network infrastructure or centralized administration. Routing protocols used in ad hoc networks must automatically adjust to environments that can vary between the extremes of high mobility with low bandwidth, and low mobility with high bandwidth. This thesis argues that such protocols must operate in an on-demand fashion and that they must carefully limit the number of nodes required to react to a given topology change in the network. I have embodied these two principles in a routing protocol called Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). As a result of its unique design, the protocol adapts quickly to routing changes when node movement is frequent, yet requires little or no overhead during periods in which nodes move less frequently. By presenting a detailed analysis of DSR’s behavior in a variety of situations, this thesis generalizes the lessons learned from DSR so that they can be applied to the many other new routing protocols that have adopted the basic DSR framework. The thesis proves the practicality of the DSR protocol through performance results collected from a full-scale 8 node tested, and it demonstrates several methodologies for experimenting with protocols and applications in an ad hoc network environment, including the emulation of ad hoc networks. -
A Load Awareness Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Ad
A Load Awareness Medium Access Control Protocol for Single-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Chih-Min Chao1, Jang-Ping Sheu2, and I-Cheng Chou2 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Taiwan Tel: +886-2-24622192 ext 6651, Fax: +886-2-24623249 Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University, Taiwan Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract A contention-based wireless ad hoc medium access control (MAC) protocol, such as car- rier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), has excellent e±ciency when the system is light-loaded. The main drawback of such protocols is their ine±ciency and un- bounded delay when the system load is heavy. On the other hand, a contention-free MAC protocol, such as token passing, has a better and fair throughput when the system is heavy- loaded. The main drawback of such protocols is their ine±ciency when only a small amount of users want to transmit. In this paper, we propose a new load awareness single-hop wireless ad hoc MAC protocol (which is called the LA protocol) that exploits the bene¯ts of both contention-based and contention-free protocols. A contention-based MAC protocol is used when the system is light-loaded and a contention-free one is used otherwise. Our LA protocol, which operates in a distributed fashion and is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard, can switch smoothly between the contention-based pro- tocol and the contention-free one. -
Wireless Networks Book
Wireless Networks Local and Ad Hoc Networks Ivan Marsic Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the CAIP Center Rutgers University Contents CHAPTER 1................................................................................................... INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Summary and Bibliographical Notes................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 THE RADIO CHANNEL.......................................................................1 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1 2.1.1 Decibels and Signal Strength ............................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Channel Implementation..................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Transmission Rate ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Symbols To Signals.......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Modulation ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.4 Noise and Error -
Ad Hoc Networks – Design and Performance Issues
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering Networking Laboratory UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA´ DE MADRID E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaciones Juan Francisco Redondo Ant´on Ad Hoc Networks – design and performance issues Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Telecommunications Engineering Espoo, May 2002 Supervisor: Professor Jorma Virtamo Abstract of Master’s Thesis Author: Juan Francisco Redondo Ant´on Thesis Title: Ad hoc networks – design and performance issues Date: May the 28th, 2002 Number of pages: 121 Faculty: Helsinki University of Technology Department: Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering Professorship: S.38 – Networking Laboratory Supervisor: Professor Jorma Virtamo The fast development wireless networks have been experiencing recently offers a set of different possibilities for mobile users, that are bringing us closer to voice and data communications “anytime and anywhere”. Some outstanding solutions in this field are Wireless Local Area Networks, that offer high-speed data rate in small areas, and Wireless Wide Area Networks, that allow a greater mobility for users. In some situations, like in military environment and emergency and rescue operations, the necessity of establishing dynamic communications with no reliance on any kind of infrastructure is essential. Then, the ease of quick deployment ad hoc networks provide becomes of great usefulness. Ad hoc networks are formed by mobile hosts that cooperate with each other in a distributed way for the transmissions of packets over wireless links, their routing, and to manage the network itself. Their features condition their design in several network layers, so that parameters like bandwidth or energy consumption, that appear critical in a multi-layer design, must be carefully taken into account. -
Routing Issues & Performance of Different Opportunistic Routing
Ankur Upadhyay et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 7 (5) , 2016, 2147-2151 Routing Issues & Performance Of Different Opportunistic Routing Protocols In Delay Tolerant Network Ankur Upadhyay Abhishek Kumar Mishra Department of Computer Science & Engineering Department of Computer Science & Engineering School of Engineering & Technology, IFTM University School of Engineering & Technology, IFTM University Moradabad, India Moradabad, India Abstract— The Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN’s) are The intermittent connectivity can be defined as the sudden wireless ad-hoc networks which is connected intermittently. change of state (ups/downs) of any communication link The DTNs allow the communication between two or more between the nodes. The DTN can also be defined as a wireless nodes in the situation in which the end to end wireless ad-hoc network which is connected intermittently connectivity cannot be achieved or rarely achieved. The DTNs [3] that can tolerate longer delays, intermittent connectivity are also known as the opportunistic networks. The DTNs are and prevent data from being lost, with the use of store- best applicable or suitable in an environment which is carry-forward approach. The Store-carry-forward approach infrastructure-less. In the heterogeneous environment, the enables the nodes to take the message, store it in the buffer communication between two or more wireless nodes can be provided at each node and forward the same whenever new achieved by DTN. The selection of a routing protocol in DTN, is based on the application environment in which it is to be node comes in its communication range. In the delay deployed. -
Faculty of Egineering and Technology Lecture -9
FACULTY OF EGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY WSN (MCS-033) LECTURE -9 Umesh Kumar Gera Assistant Professor Computer Science & Engineering OUTLINE .Wireless ad-hoc network (WANET) .How does it work? .Features .Advantages of WSN .Disadvantages of WSN .MCQ .Reference WIRELESS AD-HOC NETWORK (WANET) Wireless ad-hoc network (WANET) A wireless ad-hoc network (WANET) is a type of local area network (LAN) that is built spontaneously to enable two or more wireless devices to be connected to each other without requiring a central device, such as a router or access point. When Wi- Fi networks are in ad-hoc mode, each device in the network forwards data to the others. Since the devices in the ad-hoc network can access each other's resources directly through a basic point-to-point wireless connection, central servers are unnecessary for functions such as file shares or printers. In a wireless ad-hoc network, a collection of devices (or nodes) is responsible for network operations, such as routing, security, addressing and key management. WIRELESS AD-HOC NETWORK (WANET) How does it work? Devices in the ad-hoc network require a wireless network adapter, and they need to support a hosted network. When setting up a wireless ad-hoc network, each wireless adapter must be configured for ad-hoc mode instead of infrastructure mode. All wireless adapters need to use the same service set identifier (SSID) and channel number. Creating an ad-hoc network for Windows 8 and 10 applications is more difficult than it was for earlier Windows OSes. Networking experts offer pointers on how to tackle this issue. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,959,862 Davidov Et Al
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,959,862 Davidov et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 25, 1990 (54) ACTIVE MULTICHANNEL VIDEO CATV Networks”; Proceedings of Int. Broadcasting PROCESSING HUB FOR OPTIMUM Convention, (London, 9/76), pp. 228-231. TRANSTION FROM FIBERTO COAX B. White, "The Fibre Optic Pipedream Comes True in Video"; "Broadcasting Systems & Operation'; (8/79, 75 Inventors: Mircho A. Davidov, Danville; pp. 352-356). Kamaljit Singh, San Jose, both of Calif. Primary Examiner-Stephen C. Buczinski Assistant Examiner-Bernarr Earl Gregory 73 Assignee: Catel Telecommunications, Inc., Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Flehr, Hohbach, Test, Fremont, Calif. Albritton & Herbert (21) Appl. No.: 187,305 57 ABSTRACT An active multichannel video processing hub which 22 Filed: Apr. 28, 1988 provides optinum transition from fiber to coaxial cable, provides optimum trading of bandwidth for signal to 51) Int. Cl. ............................................. H04N 7/167 noise ratio. Fiber optic links have a very large band 52 U.S. C. .......................................... 380/10; 455/6; width capability. Larger distances can be covered with 358/86 fiber optic links without repeaters. This offers not only 58 Field of Search .......................... 358/86; 455/3-6; saving in maintenance, but has no radiation and offers 370/1, 3, 4, 11, 73; 375/62, 65, 66; 332/17, 120, bidirectional capabilities not easily achievable with 145 coax-based trunks. Scrambled signals are transmitted over the fiber and converted to VSB-AM signals at the (56) References Cited hub for transmission over the coaxial portion of the U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS trunk. This keeps the bulky and complex headend 2,506,672 5/1950 Kell et al. -
A Cooperative Communication Protocol for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks by Jeremy I
A Cooperative Communication Protocol for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks by Jeremy I. Silber Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering and Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MASSAC iUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2002 JU L 2 0 2004 © Jeremy I. Silber, MMII. All rights reserved. L 3RARIES The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. A /f Author . ..... ..... ....t ... ..- . .. ..... Department flectr4 l Engir ering and Computer Science May 10, 2002 Certified by..... Andrew Lippman Senior Research Scientist, MIT Mgdia Laboratory The,*,KSupervisor Accepted by ...................... Arthur. Smith Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Theses ARCHIVEP A Cooperative Communication Protocol for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks by Jeremy I. Silber Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science on May 23, 2002, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering and Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abstract This thesis presents the design and implementation of a communication protocol that utilizes local cooperation among nodes to efficiently transfer data. Multi-hop routing in ad-hoc wireless networks realizes some scalability benefits over direct transmis- sion by utilizing cooperation in the network layer, where all nodes act as routers to relay messages. Cooperative transmission takes this idea a step further, moving cooperation to the link layer, where nodes actually broadcast signals simultaneously to increase signal strength. -
Intrusion Detection in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
Intrusion Detection in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks Yongguang Zhang Wenke Lee HRL Laboratories, LLC Department of Computer Science Malibu, CA 90265 North Carolina State University [email protected] Raleigh, NC 27695 wenke @csc.ncsu.edu ABSTRACT fixed wired network. Applications of ad-hoc networks range As the recent denial-of-service attacks on several major In- from military tactical operations to civil rapid deployment ternet sites have shown us, no open computer network is such as emergency search-and-rescue missions, data collec- immune from intrusions. The wireless ad-hoc network is tion/sensor networks, and instantaneous classroom/meeting particularly vulnerable due to its features of open medium, room applications. dynamic changing topology, cooperative algorithms, lack of centralized monitoring and management point, and lack of The nature of wireless ad-hoc networks makes them very a clear line of defense. Many of the intrusion detection tech- vulnerable to an adversary's malicious attacks. First of all, niques developed on a fixed wired network are not applicable the use of wireless links renders a wireless ad-hoc network in this new environment. How to do it differently and ef- susceptible to attacks ranging from passive eavesdropping to fectively is a challenging research problem. In this paper, active interfering. Unlike wired networks where an adver- we first examine the vulnerabilities of a wireless ad-hoc net- sary must gain physical access to the network wires or pass work, the reason why we need intrusion detection, and the through several lines of defense at firewalls and gateways, reason why the current methods cannot be applied directly. -
Multicasting in Delay Tolerant Networks
Multicasting in Delay Tolerant Networks A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY by SHIVI SHUKLA (ABMTI-13039) Under Guidance of Dr. Yatindra Nath Singh (Professor, IIT Kanpur) to the AIM & ACT DEPARTMENT BANASTHALI VIDYAPITH MAY, 2015 CERTIFICATE It is certified that the work contained in the thesis entitled “ MULTICASTING IN DELAY TOLERANT NETWORKS” being submitted by SHIVI SHUKLA has been carried out under my supervision. In my opinion, the thesis has reached the standard fulfilling the requirement of regulation of the M.Tech degree. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma. Dr. Yatindra Nath Singh Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur May, 2015 Dedicated to My Guruji & My Parents Mrs. Kiran Shukla & Mr. Hari Om Shukla Acknowledgements I feel immense pleasure in expressing my profound sense of gratitude to my thesis guide Dr. Y. N. Singh under whose supervision and inspiring guidance, I would privilege me to carry out my research work. I am indebted to him for his constant and ungrudging encouragement, valuable suggestions and ingenious ideas. I also express my heartiest thanks to Amit Munjal for giving me the continuous support and guidance through my research and He showed me different ways to approach a research problem and the need to be persistent to accomplish any goal. I wish to express my deep gratitude to my teachers Dr. C K Jha, Vikas Pareek, Chandani Joshi, and Divya Bhattacharya whose consistent help and encouragement to boost my moral and confidence.