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EU Delegations in Africa Summary – Editorial – Entretien avec Koen Vervaeke, Coordinateur Principal de l'UE pour la Région des Grands Lacs – L'auteur franco-ivoirien Flé Doumbia nous présente son ouvrage "L'Union Européenne et l'Afrique (le G80) – La Photographie du Commerce, Exportateurs et Importateurs les Locomotives" – Delegations in Africa – African Union – Where are they now? Thoughts from retirement by Jeremy Lester – EU Delegations in Africa: investing in Africa-Europe relations – Article by Damien Helly, ECDPM – Nos interlocuteurs: – Gilles de Kerchove, Coordinateur de la lutte contre le terrorisme au niveau de l'Union européenne – Interview with Dr Adekeye Adebajo, Executive Director of the Centre for Conflict Resolution – Farewell interview with Nick Westcott – Africa Department on the move – Departing colleagues – Glossary AFRICA DEPARTMENT 1 Editorial Our number 3 of AFRICA YEEAS! comes out during a period of transition in the Department. Our first Managing Director, Nick Westcott, moved to the Middle East and North Africa Department and the process of selecting his successor is ongoing. Meanwhile, our acting MD is Koen Vervaeke and both he and Nick are present in our pages, Koen in his role of EU Coordinator for the Great Lakes and Nick in a farewell interview he gave us in the summer. We start a new section called "Where are they now?" that intends to show the activities of colleagues who previously worked in the Africa Department and moved out either to retire or pursue their careers somewhere else. Jeremy Lester, one of our former Heads of Division, starts the ball rolling and you can see how busy he is in retirement. One of our objectives from the beginning was to provide a space to academics and researchers studying Africa to share their projects and ideas with our readership. We are happy to welcome Damien Helly from ECDPM as the first scholar to write specifically for our newsletter and about a very interesting subject: our EU delegations. Another objective we are targeting is to have more voices from the African (and ACP) side. Scrolling down you will find two interviews, one with author and researcher Flé Doumbia, about his book on trade statistics, and another with renowned scholar Adekeye Adebajo who pulls no punches in his views of European presence in Africa. As before, we are interested in your feedback, what you like or what you dislike, or any comments you might have about our contributors' opinions. Therefore don't hesitate to contact us with ideas and proposals. Finally, a word of warm welcome to a group of new colleagues that just started working in the Department. Some of them are posing for posterity in a photo below. The Editor AFRICA DEPARTMENT 2 Entretien avec Koen Vervaeke, Coordinateur Principal de l'UE pour la Région des Grands Lacs Koen Vervaeke a été nommé Coordinateur Principal de l'UE pour la région des Grands Lacs en novembre 2011. Il occupe également la fonction de Directeur en charge de la Corne de l'Afrique, de l'Afrique Orientale et Australe, et de l'Océan Indien au Service européen pour l'Action extérieure. Nous avons rencontré Koen pour l'interroger sur les racines des conflits dans la région des Grands Lacs et sur la contribution de la communauté Internationale, et de l'UE en particulier, à la recherche de solutions, en coopération avec les partenaires africains. Q – Quelles sont selon toi les principales au Rwanda. La reconstruction de la racines des conflits dans la région des légitimité de l'Etat aux yeux de sa propre Grands Lacs? population dans chacun de ces pays est KV – Permettez-moi d'évoquer tout donc un travail de longue haleine. d'abord l'importance de la région des Qu'attendent les populations? La sécurité, Grands Lacs pour l'avenir du continent un meilleur avenir et un système politique africain dans son ensemble. Quand on voit qui garantisse leurs droits. Chaque pays s'y attèle à sa manière en cherchant un une carte de l'Afrique, on remarque en son centre un espace extrêmement étendu modèle de réconciliation et de auquel la communauté internationale ne développement national, même s'il est prête sans doute pas suffisamment clair que ce travail n'est pas durablement d'attention, parce qu'elle est aujourd'hui achevé à ce jour. On le voit maintenant au très concentrée sur le Sahel et sur la Corne Burundi suite aux dernières élections de l'Afrique, son voisinage plus immédiat. présidentielles et législatives dont le Même si des progrès résultat est contesté ont été accomplis ces "La coopération sincère entre les Etats de la dans la rue. C'est région des Grands Lacs est un prérequis dernières années, les aussi le cas en RDC essentiel pour lutter contre les réseaux mafieux dans le contexte facteurs de fragilité et qui sévissent dans la région" de conflit dans la pré-électoral ou région des Grands encore au Rwanda Lacs persistent. Ces facteurs ont été hérités en dépit des progrès économiques de l'époque coloniale et postcoloniale. indéniables. C'est pourquoi un réel travail Tant le régime du Président Mobutu en des acteurs locaux s'avère nécessaire afin RDC que les différents régimes au Burundi de consolider les progrès et prévenir de et Rwanda après l'indépendance ont porté nouveaux conflits, avec l'appui actif de la communauté internationale et de la en germe des éléments endogènes de conflit de nature sociale, ethnique et mission des Nations unies en RDC. L'Union politique. Un Etat aussi étendu que la RDC européenne, l'Union africaine, ainsi que a eu les plus grandes difficultés à établir d'autres partenaires tels que les Etats Unis son autorité sur l'ensemble du territoire. ont un rôle essentiel à jouer. Toute la région a aussi été profondément Q – Si on prend le cas de la RDC, on voit un affectée par l'impact terrible du génocide pays très riche en ressources naturelles qui AFRICA DEPARTMENT 3 est entouré de voisins qui le sont moins KV – Il va de soi mais qui sont en général mieux organisés qu'un d'un point de vue politique. Est-ce que cela engagement et crée des tensions spécifiques? une vision KV – Il est clair que le potentiel africaine sont économique et surtout les richesses indispensables énormes de la RDC sont convoités par pour résoudre d'autres acteurs dans la région. Ceci est les conflits dans essentiellement la conséquence de la la région des faiblesse de l'Etat congolais, parce que Grands Lacs. On c'est seulement avec un Etat plus fort et sous-estime à Diplomate belge, Koen Vervaeke a servi son pays dans mieux gouverné qu'il serait possible de ce jour les risques de la Délégation à Genève et tirer le meilleur parti de ces richesses, en dans les Ambassades à particulier en faveur des congolais les plus contagion si Bujumbura et Tunis avant d’être nommé Envoyé Spécial pauvres. La coopération sincère entre les cette région retombait dans de la Belgique pour la région Etats de la région des Grands Lacs est un des Grand Lacs. Il fut aussi le prérequis essentiel pour lutter contre les l'instabilité Chef de la Cellule Afrique à l'Unité Politique de le Haut réseaux mafieux qui sévissent dans la chronique. Presque tout le Représentant de l'UE pour la région et pour améliorer le sort des PESD Javier Solana et à partir populations. continent de 2007 et jusqu'à 2011 le africain en Représentant Spécial de l’UE Cette question est importante car les serait affecté, pour l'Union africaine et en événements négatifs qui se produisent parallèle le Chef de Délégation ceci alors qu'un de la Commission Européenne dans un pays ont nécessairement un arc de crises auprès de la même impact sur ses voisins. L'un des grands s'est constitué organisation. Depuis 2011 il enjeux de l'Accord-cadre de paix, de occupe son poste actuel de aux marges Directeur pour la Corne sécurité et coopération pour la RDC et la septentrionales d'Afrique, l'Afrique Orientale région qui a été conclu sous l'égide des de l'Afrique et l'Océan Indien qu'il Nations unies en février 2013 était accumule avec ses tâches de centrale où des Coordinateur pour les Grands précisément de mettre en œuvre des Etats tels que la Lacs. engagements nationaux, régionaux et République internationaux pour le bien de tous les centrafricaine et le Sud Soudan sont pays de la région. La cohérence entre ces quasiment faillis. Au Cameroun, Boko trois niveaux est essentielle. Haram est une menace tangible. Al Malheureusement, la dynamique régionale Shaabab continue d'opérer en Somalie. autour de cet accord s'est essoufflée Même des pays plus riches et stables tels quelque peu. En tant que partie prenante que l'Angola ou l'Afrique du Sud payeraient de cet Accord-cadre, l'UE appuie les efforts les conséquences d'une déstabilisation de de l'Union africaine et des Nations unies en l'Afrique centrale. Un engagement fort de vue de le raviver. Sans une bonne entente l'Afrique, fondé sur les principes et une vision commune entre les leaders d'alternance, d'approfondissement de la de la région, il sera très difficile de démocratie, mais aussi en faveur de la stabiliser la région des Grands Lacs. stabilité, est donc essentiel. La charte sur la démocratie et les élections de l'Union Q – Doit-on plutôt privilégier les efforts des africaine constitue un excellent point de partenaires africains et/ou de la référence. Si un président africain venait communauté internationale en vue de parler avec ses pairs de la région des résoudre les conflits dans la région des Grands Lacs pour leur demander d'appuyer Grands Lacs? AFRICA DEPARTMENT 4 un processus démocratique et inclusif l'Europe y portait et le besoin de la voir respectueux des dispositions pacifiée, compte tenu de la dimension constitutionnelles, ce serait vraiment continentale de la crise.
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