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Polar Bears by Chapter.Vp Polar Bears Proceedings of the Twelfth Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 3–7 February 1997, Oslo, Norway Polar Bears Proceedings of the Twelfth Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 3–7 February 1997, Oslo, Norway Compiled and edited by Andrew E. Derocher, Gerald W. Garner, Nicholas J. Lunn and Øystein Wiig Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 19 IUCN – The World Conservation Union 1998 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK Copyright: © 1998 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Derocher, A. E., Garner, G. W., Lunn, N. J. and Wiig, Ø. (eds.) (1998). Polar Bears: Proceedings of the Twelfth Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. v + 159 pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0459-6 Cover design by: Bookcraft Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire Cover photo: Wayne Lynch Layout by: Bookcraft Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire Produced by: IUCN Publications Services Unit Printed by: Page Brothers (Norwich) Ltd, UK Available from: IUCN Publications Services Unit 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 ODL, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1223 277894, Fax: +44 1223 277175 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.iucn.org A catalogue of IUCN publications is also available The text of this book is printed on Fineblade Cartridge 90 gsm made from low chlorine pulp. Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Polar Bears: Proceedings of the Twelfth Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC’s Action Plans, Occasional Papers, news magazine (Species), Membership Directory and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation; to date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to Specialist Groups. As a result, the Action Plan Programme has progressed at an accelerated level and the network has grown and matured significantly. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Chicago Zoological Society (CZS) provides significant in-kind and cash support to the SSC, including grants for special projects, editorial and design services, staff secondments and related support services. The mission of CZS is to help people develop a sustainable and harmonious relationship with nature. The Zoo carries out its mission by informing and inspiring 2,000,000 annual visitors, serving as a refuge for species threatened with extinction, developing scientific approaches to manage species successfully in zoos and the wild, and working with other zoos, agencies, and protected areas around the world to conserve habitats and wildlife. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC’s Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides significant annual operating support to the SSC. WWF’s contribution supports the SSC’s minimal infrastructure and helps ensure that the voluntary network and Publications Programme are adequately supported. WWF aims to conserve nature and ecological processes by: (1) preserving genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity; (2) ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable both now and in the longer term; and (3) promoting actions to reduce pollution and the wasteful exploitation and consumption of resources and energy. WWF is one of the world’s largest independent conservation organizations with a network of National Organizations and Associates around the world and over 5.2 million regular supporters. WWF continues to be known as World Wildlife Fund in Canada and in the United States of America. The Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, UK, (DETR) supports a Red List Officer post at the SSC Centre in Cambridge, UK, where the SSC Trade Programme staff are also located. Together with two other Government-funded agencies, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the DETR is also financing a specialist plants officer. Further support for the centre is being offered by two NGO members of IUCN: the World Wide Fund for Nature – UK, and Conservation International, US. Contents Dedication . 3 Status of polar bears in Norway 1993–1996 A.E. Derocher, Ø. Wiig, I. Gjertz, K. Bøkseth, Foreword. 5 J.O. Scheie . 101 List of Participants . 7 Research and management of polar bear Agenda . 11 populations in the Russian Arctic 1993–1995 S.E. Belikov, A.N. Boltunov . 113 Minutes of the 12th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group. 13 Summary of polar bear management in Alaska S.L. Schliebe, T.J. Evans, A.S. Fischbach, Status of the polar bear . 23 S.B. Kalxdorff. 115 Evaluation of the polar bear in relation to the Polar bear research in Western Alaska, Eastern 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals and Western Russia 1993–1996 Ø. Wiig . 45 G.W. Garner, S.E. Belikov, M.S. Stishov, Ø. Wiig, A. Boltunov, G.I. Belchansky, Resolutions, 12th Meeting of the IUCN Polar D.C. Douglas, L.L. McDonald, D.M. Mulcahy, Bear Specialist Group. 47 S. Schleibe. 125 Press release . 49 Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea Polar bear management in Canada 1993–1996 S.C. Amstrup, G.M. Durner. 131 N. J. Lunn, M. Taylor, W. Calvert, I. Stirling, Identification of polar bear den habitat in M. Obbard, C. Elliott, G. Lamontagne, Northern Alaska J. Schaeffer, S. Atkinson, D. Clark, E. Bowden, S.C. Amstrup, G.M. Durner. 141 B. Doidge . 51 Research on polar bears in Canada 1993–1996 Polar bear research in the Wrangel Island State W. Calvert, M. Taylor, I. Stirling, S. Atkinson, Nature Reserve, Russia, 1990–96 M.A. Ramsay, N.J. Lunn, M. Obbard, C. Elliott, M.S. Stishov. 147 G. Lamontagne, J. Schaefer . 69 Application of computer modelling to Issues pertaining to polar bear management understanding the ecology and population in Greenland dynamics of polar bears B. Rosing . 93 N.A. Øritsland, A.E. Derocher, I. Stirling . 153 Research on polar bears in Greenland, Appendix I Numbers allocated to each primo 1993 to primo 1997 country for use on polar bears eartags E.W. Born . 97 and tattoos. 159 Dedication established on Wrangel Island in 1969 for the purpose of studying polar bears. Investigations of the ecology and behaviour of polar bears in maternity dens during winter were carried out at this station and in other areas of the island by Professor Uspenski and his colleagues A. Kistchinski and S.E. Belikov until 1979, and later by other biologists from the State Nature Reserve. During 1980–90, studies of the ecology of polar bears also included Herald Island and the northern coast of the Chukotka peninsula, a primary objective of which was to count the maternity dens in each area. Later, these investigations were carried out in other parts of the Rus- sian Arctic as well. Although Professor Uspenski did not take part in the field work of these later expeditions, his support and advice were important to the success of the scientific programs. Professor Uspenski was born December 9, 1920 in the town of Zvenigorod, near Moscow. After studying at the Moscow Fur-Down Institute in 1937, he tied his future to the Arctic. Besides conducting research on polar bears, he studied birds, was instrumental in the development of the natural protected areas network in the Russian Arctic, and was one of those responsible for introducing muskox in Russia. In 1963, he defended his Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology on avifauna of high latitudes. He remained a member of the Polar Bear Spe- cialist Group until after the 10th Working Meeting of the Group, which was held for the first time in Russia, in autumn 1988. Professor Savva M. Uspenski, the well-known Russian biologist and one of the original members of the Professor Uspenski published over 200 scientific IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, passed away papers, brochures and books. His books include The on April 17, 1996. Professor Uspenski conducted much Birds of the Soviet Arctic, Polar Bear, and scientific- popular books such as The Home of the Polar Bear, of the original research on polar bears in Russia. His Living on the Ice, and others. Some of his books have first expedition, in 1964, was dedicated to the study of been translated into German and English.
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