The “Architectural Lobotomy”, the New Skyscraper in the New

The “Architectural Lobotomy”, The New Skyscraper in the New Metropolis (06.06.16) “no manifesto, no architectural debate, no doctrine, no law, no planning, no ideology, no theory; there is only - Skyscraper.” Rem Koolhaas - Delirious New York

Synopsis: New York Beaux-Arts Ball of 1931 The studio will be devoted to research of the Skyscraper building typology and it’s role as a driver in the re- organization of the new Metropolis. Since the opening of the first Skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building in 1885, Skyscrapers have been conceived primarily as stand alone objects designed to cram more space into a small foot print. What if a Skyscraper was to manifest itself as an integral part of the City and was conceived to solve problems of the New Metropolis. It would be a Hero! What types of problems will the New Metropolis face? Overpopulation, Crime, Homelessness, Infrastructural Decay, Poor Urban Design, and more… Can a Skyscraper be invented to solve these problems? Can a novel approach be generated that positions the Skyscraper as the most important building in the Metropolis? This research studio will use the Skyscraper typology to develop a formal strategy that tries to solve important problems that the New Metropolis will face. This studio will also spawn novel radical forms, material applications, and organizational approaches. The research will also serve as a protagonist of ‘The New Skyscraper’. It will initiate a critical academic debate about the contrasting IIT COA decrees of past and current research on the role of the ‘Tall Building’ formulated by past PhD thesis, current CTBUH research, and studios led by Peter Land. ‘The New Skyscraper’ will be situated between Rem Koolhaas’ 1978 Manifesto, Delirious New York and Ken Yeang’s 2002 book Reinventing the Skyscraper. There will be (3) main components to the studio: A.) Satellite Cities B.) Composite Material applications to tall buildings C.) Radical design and new tall building typologies For the Midterm we will be working to submit for the CTBUH Tall Building Student Research Competition. Please see the link below for more info: http://www.ctbuh.org/TallBuildings/CTBUHCompetitions/CTBUH2016StudentResearchCompetition/tabid/7200/language/en-US/Default.aspx For the Final we will be working to submit for the CTBUH Tall Building Design Competition. Please see the link below for more info: http://www.ctbuh.org/Default.aspx?alias=www.ctbuh.org/competition Tutor: Studio Associate Professor, Alphonso Peluso Tutor Skyscraper Project Experience: Project Architect for Helmut Jahn - 1997-2001 Tall Buildings: Deutsche Post, Sofitel Hotel, Hochhauskomplex Max, Langenscheidt-Hochhaus, 600 North Fairbanks, Doha Convention Center and Tower Why Skyscrapers: “They make land pay” - Cass Gilbert, the Architect of the Woolworth building

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolworth_Building http://wirednewyork.com/landmarks/woolworth/ In the early days Skyscrapers were built as status symbols by corporations, i.e. Woolworth, Chrysler, Home Insurance, Sears etc. Cass Gilbert, the Architect of the Woolworth building stated, “They make land pay” referring to the small foot print / floor area ratio of the skyscraper. This made Skyscrapers profitable building typologies. Today Skyscrapers are built primarily for 4 reasons. First, they are still status symbols but whats changed is they no longer represent corporations, they represent cities, countries, and Freedom, i.e. Burj Kahlifa (formerly Burj Dubai), Shanghai Tower, Freedom Tower, etc... The second reason is Skyscrapers are one way to sustainably address population increase. Data shows that “Today, 54 percent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 percent by 2050” (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/world-urbanization- prospects-2014.html). Where will these people live and work? The third reason is to reduce suburban sprawl. It’s important that the world’s greenbelt and farming areas do not get swallowed up by horizontal spread. The fourth reason, as Adrian Smith states is, “Skyscrapers create value around their sites.” London, New York, Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, Seoul and others have all been able to capitalize on Tall Buildings. These cities were able to establish themselves as important financial centers and the Skyscraper helped them do it. Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJXhWSKqegE http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/big-bigger-biggest/videos/skyscraper-history/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WyXLwQo04zE http://www.schooltube.com/video/1c35c485f17549cfbaf1/America’s%20early%20skyscrapers Reading: http://www.treehugger.com/urban-design/how-skyscrapers-are-killing-great-cities.html http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/reguly-on-why-skyscrappers-are-killing-great-cities/article26423207/ http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27501938 http://marketurbanism.com/2011/04/21/how-important-really-are-skyscrapers/ What is a Skyscraper: “It’s a building block of the urban environment” - Moshe Safdie

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/burj-khalifa-dubai-360-degree-1561481 http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zZ8qcLGNKCY/UbR- t1wFGkI/AAAAAAAAHIQ/eDV14epyrgg/s1600/ At the moment Skyscrapers fall into (3) categories:

Tall - Is a relationship between height and context Super Tall - Over 300 meters (984.252 feet) Mega Tall - Over 600 meters (1968.5 feet) Source: http://www.ctbuh.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=zvoB1S4nMug= This semester we will focus on the Super and Mega Tall. The Sears Tower (Willis Tower) is 442 meters (1450 feet) to give you a scale reference. 1 mile is 1610 meters (5,280 feet) - an insane height that even Frank LLoyd Wright dreamed about in 1957 for Chicago as shown in this video: https://vimeo.com/4937909 . Today there is speculation of 2 mile high towers made of wood which I think is not appropriate in today’s world but who knows, maybe in the future.

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/Ogf5gG3ORPk https://youtu.be/Cy883zhWZuQ?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtiWOw0Q93Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1P1kkcEzWM https://vimeo.com/160148973

Reading: http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/08/there-limit-how-tall-buildings-can-get/2963/ http://www.archdaily.com/425730/vanity-height-how-much-of-a-skyscraper-is-usable-space Satellite Cities: “You have to build out from the city’s core.”- Adrian Smith “To get rich is glorious” - Deng Xiaoping

http://www.chicagobusiness.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/storyimage/CG/20150805/CRED03/150809947/AR/0/Jahn- http://www.rejournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Tower-Oakbrook-Front-Entrance.jpg designed-naperville-building-MetroWest-to-sell.jpg The ‘Machine is a Garden’ was the idea of the British stenographer Ebenezer Howard. Howard believed that ‘Garden Cities’ could save the world from the dirty overcrowded cites of the time. In 1898 he wrote the book titled ‘To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform’, later the book was renamed ‘Garden Cities of To-Morrow’. These ‘Garden Cities’ were to be new cities started from scratch away but possibly tied to the current large cities. This studio will explore the idea of Satellite Cites as a main research component. Students working in teams of 2-3 will select a city from the list below (first come first serve). Aurora, IL Hammond, IN Naperville, IL Oakbrook, IL and Oakbrook Terrace, IL Rockford, IL Rosemont, IL Schaumburg, IL Waukegan, IL

Resource Video: https://youtu.be/3aKClfVsKSc?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B

Reading: http://www.fastcoexist.com/1680826/in-china-new-sustainable-cities-are-rising-from-nothing http://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/howard.htm http://www.fastcompany.com/1514547/ciscos-big-bet-new-songdo-creating-cities-scratch http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/09/26/the-machine-is-a-garden/ History of the Skyscraper:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Life_Insurance_Building_(Chicago)#/media/File:Chicago_NY_Life_ https://johndcramer.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/home_insurance_building_ bldg_1912.jpg CRED03/150809947/AR/0/Jahn-designed-naperville-building-MetroWest-to-sell.jpg credit-wikipedia.jpguploads/2015/07/Tower-Oakbrook-Front-Entrance.jpg The world’s first modern day Skyscraper was the Home Insurance building in Chicago by William Le Baron Jenney. It was the first steel frame structure which allowed it to soar 12 stories and 180 feet. The early Skyscrapers were a result of two new technologies. The first was America’s inventor and tinkerer Elisia Otis’s platform lift and the second was England’s Chemist Sidney Gilchrist Thomas’s formula to make steel stronger. Amongst it’s predecessors such as the Monadnock Building in Chicago by Daniel Burnham and John Wellborn Root, the Philadelphia City Hall by John McArthur, Jr. Thomas U. Walter, and Masonic Temple in Chicago by Daniel Burnham, the Home Insurance Building was lighter, more slender and faster to erect. Other early steel frame Skyscrapers were the Wainright Building in St. Louis by Adler & Sullivan and the Flatiron Building in New York by Daniel Burnham.

Resource Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-sGkfmIgzk&list=PL9jDk6Ta0NqYhhshKvRtZY4JcTNkBRyxC&index=1

Reading: http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/apr/02/worlds-first-skyscraper-chicago-home-insurance-building-history http://skyhigh.city/meet-the-worlds-first-skyscraper-the-eight-of-them/ http://skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/PAPER_SPIRES/nw03_tribune.php The Elevator and it’s impact:

https://storage.googleapis.com/panda-image/image/il-y-a/premier-ascenseur-otis/premier-ascenseur- http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anecdotes-from-the-archive/files/2013/04/01.jpg otis_1458687292199_original.JPG In front of a large crowd of people inside the Crystal Palace at the New York World’s Fair in 1853 Elisha Graves Otis went up on a platform suspended by a single rope 40’ high in the air. He then had his assistant cut the rope engaging the safety brake. The platform did not fall to the ground and hence the modern day elevator was born. Elisha Otis repeated his performance on the hour every hour convincing people to trust his safety elevators. The highest floors in a skyscraper soon went from the least expensive to the most expensive. In 1889 the Eiffel Tower was built with an Otis Elevator.

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZZB6b1GDHA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSjJjKcoNRk&spfreload=1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow9xCRYjeA4

Readings: http://otiselevator.umwblogs.org/impact/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/elevator-inventor.html http://www.theelevatormuseum.org/early2.php http://www.nytimes.com/1860/01/23/news/scientific-notes-steam-versus-stairs-movable-room-fifth- avenue-hotel-value.html?scp=6&sq=falling%20elevator&st=p&pagewanted=2 http://en.chateauversailles.fr/index.php?option=com_cdvfiche&idf=A63698EE-7806-CCE9- 5ED1-7F547CA287F8 The Effects of Carbon Fiber:

http://www.exberliner.com/downloads/6296/download/Guggenheim_4. https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2015/10/SFMOMA_Snohetta_San-Francisco_Mario- jpg?cb=9bd2526338b9845d29039faae9eb773c Botta_construction_dezeen_936_2.jpg It’s been two years since my former students and I designed and fabricated the FIBERwave Pavilion. Since then I’ve witnessed a large growth of composite applications in architecture. Last year while designing and fabricating the pavilion we were inspired by the work of Greg Lynn and his pioneering use of composites. His RV PROTOTYPE house takes advantage of carbon fiber’s light weight allowing a robotic armature to rotate the house in two directions. We also extensively researched the work of cutting edge composites fabricator Kreysler & Associates. In fact, it was the Kreysler & Associates fireproof composite facade panels for the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art expansion by Snøhetta that inspired me to continue to research the application of composites on buildings. How can lightweight materials affect ‘The New Skyscraper’?

Resource Videos: https://vimeo.com/67909059 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC923666EAD588B18 https://www.sfmoma.org/watch/reimagining-the-museum-the-first-sketches/ http://www.architectmagazine.com/videos/molded-panels-at-kreysler-associates https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPIW5eKiAug http://www.dwell.com/video/art/sn%C3%B8hettas-sfmoma-expansion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRGqYL0XGOA

Readings: http://www.bmwguggenheimlab.org/what-is-the-lab/architecture http://cw.epubxp.com/i/487531-apr-2015/55 http://www.dezeen.com/2011/08/04/bmw-guggenheim-lab-by-atelier-bow-wow/ Cities within a City:

http://www.buildingfutures.org.uk/img/cms/think/TB_07_470.jpg http://payload186.cargocollective.com/1/8/277642/6037640/focal%20points.jpg

Early Skyscrapers were merely a floor plate repeated and extruded vertically. Today Skyscrapers need to be ‘Cities in the Sky’. Ken Yeang, Architect and Author, has spent much of his life researching and designing ‘Cities in the Sky’. The programs of the early Skyscrapers were typically mono- function; either Office or Residential. Occasionally Residential towers would incorporate Hotel floors into their programs and in some case Skyscrapers were divided with the lower half programmed as Office and the upper half programmed as Residential. The New Skyscrapers are multi-function containing Office, Residential, Hotel, Retail etc.. They need to be designed as vertical extensions of the City that contain everything that the flat city has to offer.

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtiWOw0Q93Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1P1kkcEzWM https://vimeo.com/160148973 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gp4kVm7IZM

Reading: http://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/01/endless-city-by-sure-architecture-conceptual-skyscraper-london/ http://www.citylab.com/design/2016/01/skyscrapers-cities-tall-buildings/431655/ http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/03/how-skyscrapers-can-save-the-city/308387/ http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/05/the-skyscraper-of-the-future/387118/ The Core:

http://architecture-view.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/exoskeleton-skyscraper-office-masterplan.jpg http://c1038.r38.cf3.rackcdn.com/group1/building4914/media/MAD_Sinosteel%20 International%20Plaza_office%20TYP%20plan%20_1-300.jpg The core of the Skyscraper is also multi-functional. It’s used for vertical transportation. It houses both elevators and fire stairs. It also serves as the main resistor against wind loads. Core configurations as of late have become more creative allowing for more ‘rent-able’ floor space. The core is one of the most important components of a Skyscraper. It should respond to the program and be flexible. It should expand to enclose use-able space when necessary and contract to enclose only vertical transportation. It should not just be an extrusion. It should be a flexible complex solid.

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldxAyJZVNGw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtiWOw0Q93Q

Reading: http://www.ctbuh.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Xi%2BUFQbyzzg%3D&tabid=4016&language=en-US https://www.sefindia.org/rangarajan/CoreDesign.pdf http://www.thorntontomasetti.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Super_Tall_Design.pdf Is Density Justified:

https://aarongilbreath.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/architecture-of-density-michael-wolf.jpg https://roxiie-jesus-ceci.wikispaces.com/file/view/Tokyo_Pusher.jpg/196700606/Tokyo_ Pusher.jpg Is density Justified? Do we even have an option to discuss? Sometimes population increases are autonomous. Can we control population increase or do we need to react to it with suitable design and planning. Not only should we react to it we should plan ahead. As previously mentioned Data shows that “Today, 54 percent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 percent by 2050” (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/world-urbanization-prospects-2014. html). Can Skyscrapers be the solution to population increase? Are there ways to appropriately and comfortably deal with population increase while leaving space for the future?

Resource Videos: http://www.ubmfuturecities.com/video.asp?section_id=281&doc_id=523752 http://www.skyscraper.org/PROGRAMS/VERTICAL_DENSITY/vertical_density_premises.php https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2012/10/26/density_toronto_why_the_skyscrapers_on_steroids.html

Reading: http://www.citylab.com/design/2016/01/skyscrapers-cities-tall-buildings/431655/ http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/05/limits-density/2005/ http://oldurbanist.blogspot.com/2011/02/skyscrapers-height-and-density.html http://www.skyscraperdictionary.com/?project=vertical-density EJSE Special Issue: Loading on Structures (2007)

• Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD) mum wind speed at the top of the building is 40 m/s • Active Mass Driver (AMD) (in the prototype). The turbulence intensity follows the Australian code terrain category 2 wind. This Examples of semi-active dampers includeEJSE Special : Issue: Loadinganalysis on Structures was conducted (2007) using program CFX10. The • Variable Stiffness Dampers turbulence model is SST (shear stress transport). • Hydraulic dampers • Controllable Fluid Dampers • Magneto-Rheological (MR) Dampers • mum wind speed at the top of the building is 40 m/s • ActiveElectro-Rheological Tuned Mass Damper (ER) Dampers (ATMD) • Active Mass Driver (AMD) (in the prototype). The turbulence intensity follows • Variable Friction Dampers the Australian code terrain category 2 wind. This Examples of semi-active dampers include : analysis was conducted using program CFX10. The While general design philosophy tends to favour turbulence model is SST (shear stress transport). passive• dampingVariable systemsStiffness dueDampers to their lower capital Tall Building Loads: and maintenance• Hydraulic costs, dampers active or semi-active dampers may• Controllablebe the ideal Fluidsolution Dampers for certain vibration Figure 9: Stream line of a flow over a building model – Verti- problems.• Magneto-Rheological More details about passive (MR) Dampers and active sys- cal view & Pressure distribution tems •to controlElectro-Rheological vibrations are (ER) given Dampers by Soong and Costantinou• Variable (1994). Friction Dampers

While general design philosophy tends to favour passive damping systems due to their lower capital and maintenance costs, active or semi-active dampers may be the ideal solution for certain vibration Figure 9: Stream line of a flow over a building model – Verti- problems. More details about passive and active sys- cal view & Pressure distribution tems to control vibrations are given by Soong and Costantinou (1994).

http://www.inti.gob.ar/cirsoc/pdf/accion_viento/200704.pdf https://roxiie-jesus-ceci.wikispaces.com/file/view/Tokyo_Pusher.jpg/196700606/Tokyo_ Pusher.jpg Skyscrapers have two kinds of structural loading conditions. The first and less complex is gravity. Gravity loads are more straight forward and easy to understand and analyze. The second and more complex is wind. Wind loads are more difficult to analyze and understand. Wind loads on buildings are the result of the building’s shape, height, and orientation as well as it’s relationship to it’s surrounding buildings. We will develop a work-flow for analyzing the wind conditions of our proposed Skyscrapers and the proposed and existing context around them.

ResourceFigure Videos: 10: Stream line of a flow over a building model – Plan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJ6-qNTaqz4&list=PLVjfkNRH6tRdlXyahVca_view at GL Figure 8: One of the TMDs designed for the skybridge legs of rgsUr8JHNED3&index=5 the Petronas Towers by RWDI Inc. (12 TMDs were installed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-86A8kVKzwQ&list=PLVjfkNRH6tRdlXyahVca_ rgsUr8JHNED3&index=6 three in each of the four legs) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8agAcnPflQ4&list=PLVjfkNRH6tRdlXyahVca_ rgsUr8JHNED3&index=7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbbNP-GVRXw&list=PLVjfkNRH6tRcvUtaSq1HTrvYbnf_H_lpw9 CONCLUDING REMARKS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EqWxCDsr1qU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtZaDPlAwmg 8 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2QsHztyxNEThis paper has considered a number of key fac- TECHNIQUES Reading:tors associated with the design of tall buildings to https://www.wpi.edu/Images/CMS/VF/tallbuidings3.pdf https://www.google.com/search?q=the+density+of+a+skyscraper&oq=the+density+of+a+skyscraper&the effects of wind loading. The general design re- In a number of fields, numerical simulation by aqs=chrome..69i57j69i64l3.7815j0j8&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=tall+building+gFigurequirements 10: Stream for linestructural of a flow strength over a building and serviceability model – Plan view at GL Figuremeans 8: ofOne CFD of the (Computational TMDs designed for Fluid the skybridge Dynamics) legs ofis assume particular importance in the case of tall thebecoming Petronas aTowers promising by RWDI and Inc.powerful (12 TMDs tool were for predict-installed building design as significant dynamic response can three in each of the four legs) ing the behaviour of structures in practical engineer- 9resultCONCLUDING from both buffeting REMARKS and cross-wind wind loading cases. This includes applications involving fluid- ing excitation mechanisms. Serviceability with re- 8structureCOMPUTATIONAL interaction. FLUID DYNAMICS spectThis to paper occupier has perceptionconsidered ofa numberlateral vibrationof key fac- re- TECHNIQUESCFD techniques may be used for determination of torssponse associated can become with the the design governing of tall designbuildings issue to wind effects where Standards are sometimes not di- thenecessitating effects of windthe introduction loading. The of general purpose-designed design re- rectlyIn a or number as easily of applicable,fields, numerical for instance simulation when de-by quirementsdamping systems for structural in order strength to reduce and these serviceability vibrations meanssigning of tall CFD buildings (Computational and non Fluidconventional Dynamics) struc- is assumeto acceptable particular levels. importance Dynamic inresponse the case levels of alsotall becomingtures. a promising and powerful tool for predict- buildingplay an importantdesign as significantrole in the dynamicdetailed responsedesign of can fa- ing Somethe behaviour examples of of structur CFD esstudies in practical conducted engineer- at the resultçade systems.from both State buffeting of the and art cross-wind boundary windlayer load-wind ingUniversity cases. This of Melbourne includes applications are given below.involving A typical fluid- ingtunnel excitation testing, formechanisms. determining Serviceability global and local with force re- structure1: 400 scale interaction. model of a 40 m x 40 m x 300 m build- spectcoefficients to occupier and theperception effects of lateralwind directionality,vibration re- ingCFD is shown techniques in Figure may be9 and used Figure for determination 10. The maxi- of sponsetopographical can become features the a ndgoverning nearby structuresdesign issue on wind effects where Standards are sometimes not di- necessitating the introduction of purpose-designed rectly or as easily applicable, for instance when de- 53 damping systems in order to reduce these vibrations signing tall buildings and non conventional struc- to acceptable levels. Dynamic response levels also tures. play an important role in the detailed design of fa- Some examples of CFD studies conducted at the çade systems. State of the art boundary layer wind University of Melbourne are given below. A typical tunnel testing, for determining global and local force 1: 400 scale model of a 40 m x 40 m x 300 m build- coefficients and the effects of wind directionality, ing is shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10. The maxi- topographical features and nearby structures on

53 Mass Dampers:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Taipei_101_Tuned_Mass_Damper.png https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/06/realestate/Reducing-Skyscraper- Sway-1438887611595/Reducing-Skyscraper-Sway-1438887611595-master495.png All tall buildings sway from side to side. How far can they sway? It’s really a matter of how much we perceive it. Or in other words how much sway can we handle before we feel uncomfortable. This comfort level varies per individual but it can be extremely important when designing 10 million dollar penthouse suites. Mass Dampers can help soften the sway in tall buildings. The theory being that if a building sways back and forth at a rapid rate it will be uncomfortable and could feel more like a tower of terror. The mass damper will slow down the sway from side to side by swinging in the opposite direction of the sway. Luckily there are places that you can go to simulate what it might feel like with and without a mass damper. These companies have pseudo roller coaster rides that will simulate the different conditions of movement or sway to find whats acceptable. Acceptable movement in a tall building is typically around 10 milli-g’s or one hundredth of the force of gravity. (source: SOM, et al., ‘The Future of the Skyscraper: SOM Thinkers Series’, D. A. P./Distributed Art Publishers, 2015)

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhJzdtzl6KY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACKMPD6MySs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohKqE_mwMmo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1U4SAgy60c

Reading: https://www.elsevier.com/physical-sciences/engineering-and-technology/damping-technologies-for- tall-buildings-new-trends-in-comfort-and-safety http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/realestate/keeping-skyscrapers-from-blowing-in-the-wind.html?_r=0 http://www.rwdi.com/services/dampers/ Advances in Elevator Technology:

http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51b5/b267/b3fc/4b28/0700/010e/large_jpg/KONE-UltraRope-in- http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1292483/ultrarope-lift-cable-kone/ elevator-shaft-2.jpg?1370862177 Recent advances in elevator technology are allowing Skyscrapers to soar even higher. Until now elevators could only soar 500 meters (1,640 feet) due to the limitations of steel cable. Using Carbon Fiber cables elevators can soar to double the height of steel cables about 1000 meters (3,280 feet). The other extraordinary fact is that the energy to move an elevator that uses Carbon Fiber cables 1000 meters is equal to the height of only 100 meters using conventional steel cables. How can we implement these new technologies and what will they change?

Resource Videos: http://download.kone.com/ultrarope/index.htm http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2343059/Worlds-tallest-skyscrapers-set-double-height- elevator-company-develops-new-super-strong-rope-haul-lifts-top.html#v-2483183832001 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIBg0Sr1RqE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzY8SFKS-PA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow9xCRYjeA4

Reading: http://www.archdaily.com/385506/new-technology-may-double-the-height-of-skyscrapers http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/aug/01/new-lift-technology-ultrarope-cities http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1292483/ultrarope-lift-cable-kone/ http://www.21stcentech.com/materials-science-update-discovery-lead-mile-high-buildings/ Stack Effect:

http://www.solaripedia.com/images/large/5022.jpg http://www.voa.com/blog/media/2014/06/StackEffectColorTxt.jpg

We’ve all heard the phrase hot air rises but when it comes to Skyscrapers this can be problematic. It’s called ‘Stack Effect’ and it can also cause havoc on heating and cooling a Skyscraper. Doors can fly open or can become too hard to open due to the pressure differential which is the reason that revolving doors, also know as air locks, are used in Skyscrapers. Stack Effect can also cause problems in a Fire. Dangerous smoke can make it’s way into fire stairs leaving the building occupants unable to escape down the fire stairs. However in a brilliant creative wayArchitects can control the Stack Effect to work in their favor for ventilation and to bring in fresh air. It can also be used to passively cool a building.

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5RA90KfNuM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz1HqL4PHVQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoTqobi4J40 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vqMotb6m3c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmB-o5Auf-s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=025lsG3VHKM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIrJOrTAJjg

Reading: http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/1234-burj-dubai-stack-effect-passive-stack-effect- mitigation-measures-in-the-design-of-the-worlds-tallest-building.pdf http://www.firehouse.com/article/10493736/firehouse-21st-century-high-rise-training-series-stack-effect http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/stack-ventilation-and-bernoullis-principle Double Skin Facades:

http://www.ctbuh.org/Portals/0/Feature%20Archive/Tall%20Building/2013/Sowwah/SowwahSquare9.jpg http://www.archdaily.com/564959/deutsche-post-towers-wins-ctbuh-10-year- award/545b4525e58ece1e2600005b-deutsche-post-towers-wins-ctbuh-10-year-award- photo Double Skin Facades are one solution to dealing with keeping the solar heat gain and cold temperatures out of an all glass curtain wall facade. In the past 15 years Architects have designed Skyscrapers with double skins as a way to trap that warm air caused by solar heat gain from entering the programmed space of a tower. That air continues to heat up and rise and is allowed to escape at multiple locations in the double skin. The space that is created by the double skin also houses shading devices, heating, and cooling equipment.

Resource Videos: https://vimeo.com/38803128 https://vimeo.com/144081898 http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2015/10/01/pnc-tower-opens-as-citys-newest-and-greenest-skyscraper/

Reading: http://www.tboake.com/pdf/double_facade_general.pdf http://www.unstudio.com/research/imp/story-of-the-double-skin-facade http://www.fenestrapro.com/2014/01/22/seeing-double-part-i-the-concept-of-a-double-skin-facade-2/ http://www.fenestrapro.com/2014/02/27/seeing-double-part-ii-the-role-of-a-double-skin-facade- energy-consumption/ http://www.rawnarch.com/pdf/CPL_WRA.pdf http://www.bestfacade.com/pdf/downloads/Bestfacade_WP1_Report.pdf http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic831443.files/WK8-DoubleSkinFacades.pdf http://www.ecbcs.org/docs/Annex_43_Task34-Double_Skin_Facades_A_Literature_Review.pdf Building Blocks of the Urban Environment:

http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20130524-creating-our-cities-from-waste https://www.popularresistance.org/shipping-containers-as-building-block-for-vertical-urban- farms/ For Skyscrapers to become the building blocks of a city we must address the public perception. To the public a Skyscraper can appear to be ‘standoffish’. This might be due to it’s singular attitude. Or it could be that most towers were designed without ever thinking about designing the public realm. They are usually “designed as objects in the urban landscape” _ Moshe Safdie. For a skyscraper to become the building block of a city it needs to create public space. It needs to be an extension of the “Vertical condition of the city” _ Rafael Viñoly. We must also think about the “Sphere of influence of a Tower” _ Moshe Safdie. How far do we want it to reach? If the Skyscraper becomes the building block of the city then creating a dialogue between towers becomes important. This dialogue will speak to the arrangement of the urban environment and has the potential to become the thread that ties the entire city together.

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjDyodbOmp8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKu30aDY654&list=PLbX3Yc- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsqkX9vYzUI&index=47&list=PLbX3Yc- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5sdOrgssAw&list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B&index=46 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMVtY0YCUS4&list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B&index=16 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fygPeubskI4&list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B&index=45

Reading: https://johnstonarchitects.wordpress.com/2009/12/02/building-block-skyscrapers-and-the-evolution-of-the-urban-environment/ http://www.planetizen.com/node/27 http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/2424-dense-urbanism-the-high-rise-tower-as-a-building-block-for-the-public-realm.pdf Building Skinny:

https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--r4Q8Rbvh--/c_scale,fl_ https://www.popularresistance.org/shipping-containers-as-building-block- progressive,q_80,w_800/193elgck5a350jpg.jpg for-vertical-urban-https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/17/f0/ d8/17f0d808314733c676600e6531d6e030.jpg A new category of Skyscrapers as emerged called ‘Super Skinny’. The Sears Tower has a height to width ratio also called ‘Slenderness Ratio’ of 7:1. The new breed of Skinny Skyscrapers start with a slenderness ratio of 10:1. Shop Architects currently has a tower, 111 West 57th Street, scheduled for completion next year with a Slenderness Ratio of 23:1. So what’s the point literally? What this allows is for development on parcels of land that were previously too small to build the kind of density that a Skyscraper affords. Skinnies are a new rare breed that can’t be built everywhere; for instance in seismic areas or areas with extreme wind conditions. They do have some amazing views near and at the top.

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0c-XMb8lyE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIy2HPTCz3g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tllQu9ym_sk

Reading: http://www.citylab.com/design/2014/06/why-cant-we-build-skinny-skyscrapers-everywhere/373493/ http://www.app.com/story/money/business/2016/03/06/super-tall-super-skinny-new-york-buildings- grow/80865748/ http://www.curbed.com/2015/9/24/9917752/the-engineering-tricks-behind-building-slender-taller- towers-and http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/03/how-tall-can-tall-skyscrapers-be.html http://www.wsp-pb.com/en/High-Rise/High-Rise-Insights/How-Tall-Is-Tall/ http://www.bdcnetwork.com/7-towers-define-skinny-skyscraper-boom-slideshow Social Urbanism:

http://beyondwords.life/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/iStock_000048529276_Medium.jpg https://terraurban.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/4.jpg

This topic expands on the idea of the potential of a Skyscraper being the building block of the urban environment. This topic addresses two things, the first is how do these towers communicate with the context that they are placed in? The second is, what happens inside these Skyscrapers? What is the “Social contact configuration” _ Werner Sobek ? Do people feel lonely? “Loneliness is very bad for your health” _ Jane-Frances Kelly. ‘The New Skyscraper’ needs to connect the different types of people that will occupy them. Different races, wealth classes, levels of education, and social classes all need to connect. This idea of different people connecting can also be applied to ‘The New Skyscraper’ and it’s connection to it’s context. What does it mean to connect? That is a great question to answer.

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mYsOiFGNfw&list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B&index=14 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ezWLwhwk24 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziKWVSgBEag

Reading: http://ctbuh.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Ali%2FLuryya8%3D http://web.uvic.ca/~esplab/sites/default/files/ASR%20High%20Rises%20proof.pdf http://studiogang.com/researchproject/three-points-for-the-residential-highrise-designing-for-social- connectivity http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-04-02/kelly-building-social-cities-the-value-of-the-human- connecti/3926388 The Radical:

http://aasarchitecture.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Urban-Alloy-Towers-by-AMLGM-01.jpg http://assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2014/04/MAD-Architects-Chaoyang- Park-Beijing-1.jpg Remembering that the Miesian modernist towers of the 1960’s were radical, ‘The New Skyscraper’ should also be radical. Radical is not arbitrary, it should be a response, a solution, an innovation, an advancement etc... I grew up watching the cartoon the ‘Jetsons’ and as a child I couldn’t wait for the future. Well the future has come and gone and it’s no where near as thrilling as life on the ‘Jetsons’. To be fair the ‘Jetsons’ was set in 2062 so I guess we have 46 years to catch up. In fact most Sci-Fi movies predicted Architecture and Cities to be far more advanced than they are today. Films such as ‘Metropolis’ (1927), ‘Red Dessert’ (1964), Alphaville (1965),‘Logan’s Run’ (1976), ‘Escape from New York (1981), ‘Blade Runner’ (1982) could tell us a lot about what could be good and bad about the cities of the future.

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/CsaxwUkIdWw?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://youtu.be/t-0sNwo-37g?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDqXBOFkUU0 https://youtu.be/CjrXr4TXOuw https://vimeo.com/75772112 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8w4UQL6aI0

Reading: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140626225233-93991782-science-fiction-and-its-influence-on-architecture http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/05/the-skyscraper-of-the-future/387118/ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/home-and-garden/architecture/architecture-can-radical-pragmatism-bring-innovation-to-canadascities/article28595866/ http://www.archdaily.com/454645/new-radical-pragmatism-the-21st-century-s-emerging-style http://www.australiandesignreview.com/features/31832-the-new-radical-pragmatist The Developer’s Point of View:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oByMRm_yaYo&feature=youtu.be

As an Architect, understanding the developer’s point of view is extremely important. In most cases it’s the developer that makes these enormous projects happen. One interesting aspect of the development of these projects is that they take 10 to 20 years to complete. As Architects we need to learn how to be committed for the long haul. What are some of the challenges that developers face? Zoning, Context, Building Departments, Friends of everything and anything, Funding, and the list goes on and on ..... As Architects we can assist in solving these challenges by devising new and creative solutions.

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/oByMRm_yaYo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4i1kaRwFA3E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaBn4dBwL1s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrT9EpxD4nQ

Reading: http://www.economist.com/node/7001496 http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/06/the-big-money-behind-tall-buildings/395690/ http://www.building.co.uk/cost-model-tall-buildings/5067937.article http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/255-office-vs-residentialthe-economics-of-building-tall.pdf Global Markets:

https://d28wbuch0jlv7v.cloudfront.net/images/infografik/normal/chartoftheday_2917_ Tallest_buildings_n.jpg Historically Skyscraper developments were funded by local companies. For example in 1971 the Sears Tower was owned by Sears, a local Chicago company. Today many of the Skyscraper developments are funded from all over the world. Not only are they funded from all over the world the tenants are from all over the world. Is this bad or good? What does this mean for the future of cities? In general Tall building investment has been a safe bet. Recent projects in New York such as Hudson Yards and Time Warner Center were built from a melting pot of investors. How will global exchanges change the way we develop future cities?

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNQmtl-TDi0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fN5BUOdJblA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aKClfVsKSc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-wP8l0H7kY

Reading: http://2015.ctbuh.org/session/?id=8 http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/2490-the-challenges-of-delivering-iconic-tall- buildings-across-the-world-a-global-technology-transfer.pdf http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21647289-there-such-thing-skyscraper-curse-towers-babel http://www.knightfrank.com/resources/global-cities/global-cities-pdf/knight-frank-global-cities-skyscrapers-2015-report.pdf http://www.ladowntownnews.com/news/as-downtown-grows-the-big-money-developers-rush-in/article_3b147578-a8ad-11e3-a112-001a4bcf887a.html http://www.post-gazette.com/business/development/2016/02/21/Downtown-real-estate-investments-confirm-Pittsburgh-status-as-hot-spot/stories/201602210113 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3608417/How-overseas-billionaires-snapping-luxury-apartments-one-Britain-s-tallest-skyscrapers.html Sustainable Skyscrapers:

http://api.ning.com/files/kV4MbYiv7oSx65VVJ7SM35jgz9tIm*SUyMT7XbLONOwjebXkgi0JKIJ4EY0v0UqcCT http://www.constructforstl.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Bosco-Verticale-2.jpgg lokNttGlqisPD305t13aqgBK-U3Mm7/1082078561.jpeg We have passed the era of so called ‘sustainable buildings’ with their ad hoc sustainable features. We have moved into the era of integrated sustainable approaches. Sustainability covers a broad range of topics such as embodied energies, annual energy consumption, material choices, and the “so-called 3 pillars of sustainability: ecology, economy, and social cultural aspects.

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/wU5F48-0hJI https://youtu.be/Wi6T3nSauwY https://youtu.be/rA502HXgwXQ https://youtu.be/JW59klJE06I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QemV42bNdsU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6CeqhCP8bo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gao-Ak2puE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFfzTLRalCs

Reading: http://www.ctbuh.org/TallBuildings/AcademicResearch/Nottingham/CTBUHAccreditation/tabid/1344/language/en-GB/Default.aspx http://ctbuh.org/Events/CTBUHRelatedEvents/CTBUHAccreditsNottingham/tabid/1685/language/en-US/Default.aspx http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/457-the-economics-of-sustainable-tall-buildings.pdf http://www.ctbuh.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=qBdStLBjdn0%3D&tabid=2331&language=en-GB http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/1325-towards-more-sustainable-tall-buildings.pdf http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/1313-green-or-grey-the-aesthetics-of-tall-building-sustainability.pdf http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/1314-delivering-sustainable-tall-buildings.pdf Schedule Monday June 6th Topics: Introduction _ Syllabus _ Studio Brief _ Satellite Cities

Reading: Delirious New York

Workshop: Intro to Parametric Design (Grasshopper)

Assignment: Research Satellite Cities. Develop a hypothesis of how Satellite cities would impact Chicago. Write an essay on your hypothesis.

Person: Myron Goldsmith

Firm: Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill http://smithgill.com/

Resource Video: https://youtu.be/3aKClfVsKSc?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B

Wednesday June 8th Topics: History of the Skyscraper _ The Elevator and it’s impact _ The Effects of Carbon Fiber

Reading: Delirious New York

Workshop: Parametric Design (Grasshopper) _ Physical Model Building

Assignment: Research the history of the Skyscraper. Develop a hypothesis of how carbon fiber would effect tall building performance.

Person: Fazuler Kahn

Firm: SOM http://www.som.com/

Resource Videos: https://vimeo.com/152443224 https://youtu.be/ujh4CFhitho?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B

Friday June 10th Topics: Cities within a City _ Tall, Super Tall, & Mega Tall _ The Core

Reading: Read chapters 1-4 of Ken Yeang’s Reinventing the Skyscraper

Assignment: Develop a tall building program. Define the spaces, core, and circulation. Design a Skyscraper prototype. Draw typical plans, elevations, and sections.

Person: Ken Yeang

Firm: Snohetta http://snohetta.com/

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/Cy883zhWZuQ?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtiWOw0Q93Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1P1kkcEzWM https://vimeo.com/160148973

Monday June 13th Topics: Is Density Justified? _ Gravity Loads _ Wind Loads

Workshop: Say hello to Roland _ RhinoCAM basics

Reading: Read chapters 4-8 of Ken Yeang’s Reinventing the Skyscraper

Assignment: Generate preliminary tool paths for an iteration of your design

Person: Ole Scheeren

Firm: KPF http://www.kpf.com/

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/KwcMLK72LVw https://youtu.be/iQsnObyii4Q?list=PLs6rfCOqpsQiC5b96WJ6eav2zYY2qRto0

Wednesday June 15th Topics: CTBUH Research #01 _ Tuned Mass Dampers

Workshop: Carbon Fiber Layup _ Get friendly with Roland _ Preparing your foam molds

Reading: Composite Materials Fabrication Handbook #1 http://digiitalarchfab.com/portal/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Composite_Ch1-4.pdf

SFMOMA Video and Readings: http://www.architectmagazine.com/videos/molded-panels-at-kreysler-associates http://www.compositesworld.com/articles/architectural-composites-rising-to-new-challenges Assignment: Use Roland to mill foam molds of your Skyscraper Prototypes

Person: Bruce Graham

Firm: Jahn http://www.jahn-us.com/

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tllQu9ym_sk&index=20&list=PLbX3Yc- TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://youtu.be/Ze1GkzH4_Es?t=261 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bupAxrq1_Iw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX80TF-SlL4&index=2&list=PLC923666EAD588B18

Friday June 17th Topics: CTBUH Research #02 _ Advances in Elevator Technology

Reading: Composite Materials Fabrication Handbook #1 http://digiitalarchfab.com/portal/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Composite_Ch5-7.pdf

Composite Facades: http://cw.epubxp.com/i/487531-apr-2015/55

Assignment: Layup Carbon Fiber on your milled foam prototypes. Begin writing your CTBUH research paper

Person: Rafael Vinoly

Firm: Gensler http://www.gensler.com/

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/PrH_6ttt06k https://youtu.be/7gh6XW98HGM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKu30aDY654&list=PLbX3Yc- TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B&index=15

Monday June 20th Topics: CTBUH Research #03 _ Stack Effect _ Double Skin Facade _ Building Blocks of the Urban Environment (Moshe Safdie)

Workshop: Carbon Fiber Finishing

Reading: Composite Materials Fabrication Handbook #1 http://digiitalarchfab.com/portal/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Composite_Ch8-Glossary.pdf

Composite Facades: http://cw.epubxp.com/i/487531-apr-2015/55

Assignment: Finish you Carbon Fiber Prototypes

Person: Moshe Safdie

Firm: Transsolar http://www.transsolar.com/

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/PrH_6ttt06k https://youtu.be/7gh6XW98HGM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKu30aDY654&list=PLbX3Yc- TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B&index=15

Wednesday June 22nd Topics: Building Skinny _ Height to Width Ratio _ Social Urbanism

Workshop: Computational Fluid Dynamics for Wind Analysis

Reading: Emily Badger’s Essay on Living Tall from SOM Thinkers, “The Future of the Skyscraper”

Assignment: Generate a booklet containing the following: Typical Floor Plans, Typical Overall Sections, Detail Sections,

Person: Werner Sobek

Firm: Foster + Partners http://www.fosterandpartners.com/

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mYsOiFGNfw&list=PLbX3Yc- TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B&index=14 https://youtu.be/kUyiH7RW1cI?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://youtu.be/a1DOQSKmlnw

Friday June 24th Topics: The Radical #01 _ The New Skyscraper #01

Reading: Bruce Sterling’s Essay on Four Futures for Towers from SOM Thinkers, “The Future of the Skyscraper”

Assignment: Complete your CTBUH Research Paper

Person: Bjarke Ingles

Firm: BKL http://bklarchitecture.com/

Resource Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLeuJSZK6Z4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0c-XMb8lyE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7S4dd6FNHGQ https://youtu.be/CsaxwUkIdWw?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://youtu.be/t-0sNwo-37g?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://youtu.be/CjrXr4TXOuw

Monday June 26th Work-in-Class - Finalize CTBUH Research Submittal

Wednesday June 28th Work-in-Class - Finalize CTBUH Research Submittal

Friday July 1st Submit CTBUH Research Document _ Midterm Presentation

Monday July 4th No Class - Independence Day

Wednesday July 6th Topics: The Developers Point of View _ Start CTBUH Design Competition

Workshop: 3D Printing Prototyping _ Meet the PP3DP Reading: Diana Lind’s Essay on Building Typology Trends of new Economic Industries from SOM Thinkers, “The Future of the Skyscraper”

Assignment: Read the CTBUH Design Competition Brief _ Write a Conceptual Design Statement

Person: Jorg Schlaich

Firm: Portman http://www.portmanusa.com/en/

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/oByMRm_yaYo https://youtu.be/etsKPdCp7UE?list=PLvy119PeSK5hVVZOZfRgHre3zNaphXQVO

Friday July 8th Topics: Global Markets

Reading: The Endless City

Assignment: Create 3D Models of several prototypes of your Conceptual Designs

Person: Dr Andy Davids

Firm: HOK http://www.hok.com/

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/nNQmtl-TDi0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vaVLkgwJWBU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sn4f__RM-Gg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kmqOhxUD58 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mshrl6MnDU

Monday July 11th Topics: The Radical #02 _ The New Skyscraper #02

Workshop: Say Hello to the Precix and the Shop Sabre

Reading: The Endless City Assignment: Use the Precix or Shop Sabre to Mill foam molds of your design at 1/8” = 1’-0” _ Layup Carbon Fiber over your molds

Person: Stefano Boeri http://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/en/

Firm: NBBJ http://www.nbbj.com/

Resource Videos: https://vimeo.com/147902610 https://youtu.be/RiSvFltstFM

Wednesday July 13th Topics: Sustainability _ On-site energy production

Workshop: Get Friendly with the Precix and Shop Sabre

Reading: Tall Building: Imagining the Skyscraper

Assignment: Generate the following: Typical Floor Plans, Typical Overall Sections, Detail Sections

Person: Daniel Winey

Firm: Thornton Tomasetti http://www.thorntontomasetti.com/

Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/Agei8pMxi9g?list=PLbX3Yc-TNhphjAkrFWytJgAN5xIpS3y_B https://youtu.be/rA502HXgwXQ https://youtu.be/JW59klJE06I https://youtu.be/OyiyWhtLacw

Friday July 15th Topics: Geo-thermal in case-ons _ Vertical Turbines

Reading: Tall Building: Imagining the Skyscraper

Assignment: Complete all of the Required Deliverables (**see the final assignment PDF**)

Person: Cesar Pelli

Firm: Arup http://www.arup.com/ Resource Videos: https://youtu.be/wU5F48-0hJI https://youtu.be/Wi6T3nSauwY https://youtu.be/MbheaLxALM4

Monday July 18th Topics: **Registration for CTBUH Student Tall Building Design Competition**

Work-in-Class - Finalize CTBUH Design Competition

Wednesday July 20th Work-in-Class - Finalize CTBUH Design Competition

Friday July 22nd Work-in-Class - Finalize CTBUH Design Competition

Monday July 25th Submit CTBUH Design Competition

Wednesday July 27th Work-in-Class - Finalize Final Presentation

Friday July 29th CTBUH Design Competition _ Final Presentation Reading List:(the Internet is the place to start, the publication is the place to end) Koolhaas, ‘Delirious New York’, Monacelli Press, 1994

SOM, et al., ‘The Future of the Skyscraper: SOM Thinkers Series’, D. A. P./Distributed Art Publishers, 2015 Johnson, ‘Tall Building: Imagining the Skyscraper’, Balcony Press, 2008 Yeang, ‘Reinventing the Skyscraper’, John Wiley, 2002 Burdett, ‘The Endless City’, Phaidon Press, 2010 Dunn, ‘Digital Fabrication in Architecture’, Laurence King, 2012

Iwamoto, ‘Digital Fabrications’, Princeton Architectural Press, 2009

Lynn, Gage. et al., ‘Composites, Surfaces, and Software’ , Yale School of Architecture, 2010

Wanberg, ‘Composite Materials Fabrication Handbook #1’,Wolfgang Publications Inc., 2009

Wanberg, ‘Composite Materials Fabrication Handbook #2’,Wolfgang Publications Inc., 2010

Reference Projects: Monadnock Building, 1891 John Hancock, 1965 Habitat 67, 1967 Sears Tower, 1972 Pearl River Tower, 2013 Golden Dream Bay, 2015 ...to be continued

Grading: Students will submit all assignments with good documentation for each

Final grade is based on the three percentages below: 10% for attendance (attendance is mandatory, signing in for someone and/or 3 unexcused absences will result in a failing grade) 30% for the Midterm 60% for the Final

Please note: attendance, completion and submission of all course work on time is the minimum re- quirement and does not mean that you will receive an A grade. All grades are subject to the grade judging criteria below: Grades are determined by judging 4 different categories:

Craft - Working with composites requires a high level of craft and precision. It’s required that all fabrications are made to look like works of art.

Legibility - Make sure that your assignment documentation is clear and easy to read. Use spell check (all software apps have it). Your portal page should also be neat and organized with labels. It should contain all of the required deliverables.

Composition - In addition to being legible you should apply all the concepts of composition that you have previously learned. Specifically in this course composition refers to process documentation i.e. writing, photography & fabrication.

Innovation - Expand upon the skill sets taught in the course and apply them to the assignments. Research additional learning resources found on the Internet and in libraries. Create your own way to apply the fabrication concepts discussed in the course. Share your innovation in your research booklet.

Students with Disabilities Statement: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Policy Statement Reasonable accommodations will be made for students with documented disabilities. In order to receive accommodations, students must go through the Center for Disability Resources office.The Center for Disability Resources (CDR) is located in Life Sciences Room 218, telephone 312 567.5744 or [email protected].

Fabrication strategies: Make “real” things Learn from precedents (understand them through “deep” research) Learn by making Understand the fabrication processes Design based on fabrication processes Prototype, Prototype, Prototype (you never get it right on the first try) Start small then move up in scale Document the process and results

Processes / Machines: Subtractive Fabrication / CNC Router Mold Making / Vacuum Former Composite Components / CNC, Vacuum Former & Hands