WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSIRCF REPTILES • VOL15, &NO 4 • DEC 2008 189 • 25(1):29–30 • APR 2018

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLES Interspecific. Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis Amplexus catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: of a Six-lined Treefrog, On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas ( Corallustaeniatus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: (Boulenger 1908), A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198 andRESEARCH a ARTICLESChunam Treefrog, P. maculatus . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida (Gray ...... 1830)Brian J. Camposano, (Anura: Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin ),M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATIONin Chitwan ALERT National Park, . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 1 1 1 1 .SantoshThe “Dow BhattaraiJones Index” of, BiodiversityPabitra Gotame ...... , Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral , Babu Ram Lamichhane...... 225, Ram Chandra Kandel,2 and Naresh Subedi3 HUSBANDRY 1 National Trust. Captivefor Nature Care ofConservation, the Central Netted Biodiversity Dragon ...... Conservation Center, Sauraha, Chitwan-44204, Nepal Shannon (santosh.bhattarai@hotm Plummer 226 ail.com) 2Chitwan National Park, Kasara, Nepal PROFILE 3National Trust for Nature Conservation, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal . Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ...... Michael L. Treglia 234

COMMENTARY uccessful reproduction. The Turtles in Haveanurans Been Watching is facilitated Me ...... by com- (NTNC-BCC) office camp Eric in Gangloff Suaraha, 238 Chitwan National Smunication cuesBOOK such REVIEWas visual displays or audible calls. Park (27°34’35.39”N, 84°29’48.55”E). Both species are Such communication. strategiesThreatened Amphibians should of reflect the World species-specific edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann,abundant J.S. Chanson,at the N.A.NTNC-BCC Cox, during the monsoon season. R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young ...... Robert Powell 243 aspects of morphology, courtship posture, chemical signals, We observed the pair in amplexus for more than 15 min vocalization and a degreeCONSERVATION of sexual RESEARCH dimorphism REPORTS: (Bowcock Summaries of Publishedand Conservation deposited Research a photographic Reports ...... voucher 245 [ZRC(IMG) 1.122] et al. 2008). However, NATURAL such HISTORY cues are RESEARCH not always REPORTS effective,: Summaries of Publishedat the ReportsLee Kong on Natural Chian History ...... Natural History 247 Museum, National  NEWBRIEFS ...... 248 leading some anuran EDITORIAL males to INFORMATIONattempt to mate ...... with females University of Singapore. We...... did not 251 observe any other inci- or males of other species,FOCUS ONand CONSERVATION even with inanimate: A Project You objects Can Support ...... dents of interspecific amplexus during 252 our survey in July– (e.g., Banta 1914; Storm 1960; Pearl et al. 2005; Mollov et August 2017. al. 2010; Simovik et al. 2014). Incidents of interspecific and Because P. taeniatus and P. maculatus are closely related multiple amplexus (several males attempting to mate with the species in the family Rhacophoridae, hybridization might be same female) may be most commonFront among Cover. Shannonexplosive Plummer. breed- possible.Back Cover. We Michaelwere unableKern to determine if the female depos- Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo ers due to the short breeding periodestibus and inveliquo high velique numbers rerchil of estibus inveliquo velique rerchil competing males at a breeding site (Wellserspienimus, 2007; quos accullabo. Lomarrdo Ilibus et erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum al. 2016). Cases of interspecific andfugiatis multiple maionsequat amplexus eumque have fugiatis maionsequat eumque been reported in several amphibiansmoditia (e.g., erere Ayres nonsedis 2008; ma sectiatur Vivek moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as et al. 2014; Shahrudin 2016), butaccullabo. have not been reported from Nepal. Herein we document interspecific amplexus between and P. maculatus. The Six-lined Treefrog, Polypedates taeniatus (Boulenger 1908), is a small, slender bush typically with six lon- gitudinal black dorsal stripes (Schleich and Kastle 2002). In Chitwan National Park, calling males aggregate in open grasslands during monsoons (Bhattarai et al. 2017), where they occur sympatrically with the larger Chunam Treefrog, Polypadates maculatus (Gray 1830). During a herpetological survey at 2145 h on 1 August 2017, we observed a male P. taeniatus in amplexus with a female P. maculatus (Fig. 1) on Signal Grass (Brachiria sp.) Fig. 1. Interspecific amplexus between a male Six-lined Treefrog (Polypedates taeniatus; top) and a female Chunam Treefrog (P. macula- at a height of 1.5 m above the ground at the National Trust tus; bottom) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal [ZRC(IMG) 1.122]. for Nature Conservation-Biodiversity Conservation Center Photograph by Santosh Bhattarai.

Copyright © 2018. Santosh Bhattarai. All rights reserved. 29 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 BHATTARAI ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 25(1):29–30 • APR 2018 ited eggs. Sympatry in pairs of Polypedates species is com- Bowcock, H., G.P. Brown, and R. Shine. 2008. Sexual communication in Cane , Chaunus marinus: What cues influence the duration of amplexus? mon, but we are unaware of any molecular studies that have Behaviour 75: 1571–1579. documented introgression. We suggest detailed reproductive Lombardo, I., S. Carreira, and R. Maneyro. 2016. Hypsiboas pulchellus (Montevideo and molecular studies in order to document potential genetic Treefrog). Multiple amplexus. Herpetological Review 47: 111. similarity of these phylogenetically close species. Mollov, I.A. 2010. Cases of abnormal amplexus in anurans (Amphibia: Anura) from Bulgaria and Greece. Biharean Biologist 4: 121–125. Pearl, C.A., M.P. Hayes, R. Haycock, J.D. Engler, and J. Bowerman. 2005. Acknowledgements Observations of interspecific amplexus between western North American ranid and the introduced American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and We thank Dip Prasad Chaudhary, Wildlife Technician, an hypothesis concerning breeding interference. The American Midland National Trust for Nature Conservation-Biodiversity Naturalist 154: 126–134. Conservation Center (NTNC-BCC), Sauraha Chitwan, for Schleich, S.H. and W. Kästle (eds.). 2002. Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal: Biology, help during the survey. We also thank Mark O’Shea and Systematics, Field Guide. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein. Shahrudin, S. 2016. Interspecific amplexus between male prominanus George Zug for comments that improved the quality of the and female Polypedates leucomystax from peninsular Malaysia. Herpetological manuscript. Bulletin 135: 30–31. Simović, A., L. Anderson, M. Anđelković, S. Gvozdenović, and S. Đorđević. 2014. Unusual amplexuses between anurans and caudates. Herpetology Notes 7: 25–29. Literature Cited Storm, R.M. 1960. Notes on the breeding biology of the Red-legged Frog (Rana Ayres, C. 2008. Multiple amplexus in the Iberian Brown Frog Rana iberica. North- aurora aurora). Herpetologica 16: 251–259. Western Journal of Zoology 4: 327–330. Vivek, S., M. Dinesh, K.R. Kumar, Y. Divaker, and K.K. Sharma. 2014. Interspecies Banta, A.M. 1914. Sex recognition and the mating behavior of the Wood Frog, mating interactions between stomaticus (Marbled ) Rana sylvatica. Biological Bulletin 26: 171–183. and breviceps (Indian Burrowing Frog) at the Central Aravalli Bhattarai, S., C.P. Pokheral, B.R. Lamichhane, and N. Subedi. 2017. Herpetofauna Foothills, Rajasthan, . Herpetology Notes 7: 139–140. of a Ramsar Site: Beeshazar and Associated Lakes, Chitwan National Park, Wells, K.D. 2007. The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians. The University of Nepal. Reptiles & Amphibians 24: 17–29. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.

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