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GC-MS Analysis of Citrus Limetta Risso (Sweet Lime) Peel Extract

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GC-MS Analysis of Citrus Limetta Risso (Sweet Lime) Peel Extract The Pharma Innovation Journal 2018; 7(6): 01-04 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 GC-MS analysis of Citrus limetta Risso (Sweet lime) TPI 2018; 7(6): 01-04 © 2018 TPI peel extract www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 01-04-2018 Accepted: 02-05-2018 Shree Dhar Gautam Shree Dhar Gautam Department of Chemistry, Abstract Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan Hydro distillation process was used to extract the essential oils of dried peels of Citrus limetta Risso University, Lainchour, (sweet lime) in Clevenger apparatus. The composition of essential oil so collected were determined by Kathmandu, Nepal GC-MS system and showed the presence of ten different compounds. The most abundant were D- Limonene (92.35%), β-Myrcene (2.43%), and β-Linalool (1.27%). Keywords: Sweet lime, Citrus limetta Risso, essential oil, GC-MS Introduction Citrus limetta Risso (sweet lime) is commonly known as 'Mousam' in Nepal. It belongs to the Rutaceae family, citrus genera, limetta species and Risso variety. Rutaceae family consists of approximately 140 genera and 1,300 species. Citrus are produced in many countries all around [1] the world with tropical or subtropical climate. Plant is about five members high. Leaves are short stalked, long, elliptic. Flowers are white and fragrant. The Citrus limetta is an edible fruit with oval and spherical shape with a greenish yellow peel [2, 3]. Citrus fruit finds its place as the major constituent product of the juice and the food industry around the world. The fruit peel is the major source of flavonoids, pectin, and essential oils [4]. [1] Citrus oils are a good source of unsaturated fatty acids . The oils are generally composed of 90% terpenes, 5% oxygenated compounds and less than 1% non-volatile compounds such as waxes and pigments. The α-thujene, α-pinene, camphene, sabinene, β-pinene, myrcene, - terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, and D-limonene are the most abundant terpenes [5]. The fruit of citrus are used for human consumption, and it has also been used for cholesterol control and inflammation regulation as well as digestive disorders and as a modulator of blood [2] pressure . The fruit juice is used in biliousness affections and bilious diarrhoea. The fruit purifies blood, allys thirst in fevers and improves appetite [3]. Traditionally it has been widely used in the treatment of the scurvy, indigestion, constipation, diabetes, ulcers, urinary disorder and for the improvement of the immune system. The essential oils show antimicrobial, [4] antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities . The essential oils of citrus fruit contain components with pleasant sensory characteristics that are appreciated in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries [5]. Experimental Collection of Plant Materials The plant material (fruit’s peel) was collected from Sindhuli District of Nepal. The plants were identified by Department of Botany, Amrit Campus, Lainchour, Kathmandu, Nepal. Extraction of Essential Oil The mature fruit’s peels of Citrus limetta Risso were crushed for hydro distillation and subjected to a Clevenger apparatus for three hours. By this process about 2 mL of pale yellow coloured essential oils were collected and stored in a sealed glass vials at low temperature (0-4 oC) prior to analysis. Correspondence GC-MS Analysis Shree Dhar Gautam The essential oils sample of Citrus limetta Risso was subjected to GC-MS analysis. GC-MS Department of Chemistry, analysis was performed on a gas chromatography mass spectrometer GCMS-QP2010 under Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan the following condition: injection volume 1μL with split ratio 1:50; Helium as a carrier gas University, Lainchour, with a Rtx-5MS column of dimension 30m0.25mm0.25μm, temperature programmed at 40, Kathmandu, Nepal ~ 1 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 200 and 280 oC with a hold time of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 min Result and Discussion identification was accompanied by comparison of MS with GC-MS analysis of essential oils of the Citrus limetta Risso those reported in NIST 05 and FFNSCI. 3 libraries. It was showed the presence of ten different compounds. The performed in Department of Food Technology and Quality chemical compounds identified in essential oils of the fruit’s Control, Nepal Government, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal. peel of Citrus limetta Risso are presented below: Fig 1: Chromatogram of essential oils of fruits of Citrus limetta Risso The major constituents present in the essential oils of the β-Linalool (1.27%). The constituents of essential oils of sample were D-Limonene (92.35%), β-Myrcene (2.43%), and Citrus limetta Risso are tabulated as follows. Table 1: List of compounds in essential oils of Citrus limetta Risso S.N. Name of the compounds Molecular Formula Molecular Weight Retention Time Area % Height % 1. Benzocyclobutene C8H8 104 6.279 0.26 0.37 2. α-Pinene C10H16 136 7.048 0.66 1.14 3. Sabinene C10H16 136 7.755 0.86 1.45 4. β-Pinene C10H16 136 7.825 0.42 0.74 5. β-Myrcene C10H16 136 8.027 2.43 4.25 6. Octanal C8H16O 128 8.244 0.73 0.90 7. δ-Carene C10H16 136 8.394 0.55 0.95 8. D-Limonene C10H16 136 8.748 92.35 87.41 9. β-Linalool C8H18O 154 9.849 1.27 1.97 10. Caryophyllene C15H24 204 14.616 0.48 0.82 100.00 100.00 The following are the mass spectral data of constituents identified by GC-MS. Fig 2: Mass spectral data of Benzocyclobutene Fig 3: Mass spectral data of -Pinene ~ 2 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal Fig 4: Mass spectral data of Sabinene Fig 5: Mass spectral data of -Pinene Fig 6: Mass spectral data of -Myrcene Fig 7: Mass spectral data of Octanal Fig 8: Mass spectral data of -Carene ~ 3 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal Fig 9: Mass spectral data of D-Limonene Fig 10: Mass spectral data of -Linalool Fig 11: Mass spectral data of Caryophyllene Conclusion in Nepal. Mass Printing Press, Chhauni, Kathmandu, GC-MS analysis of essential oils of Citrus limetta Risso 2006, 394. showed the presence of 10 different compounds. The major 4. Khan AA, Mahmood T, Siddiqui HH, Akhtar J. constituents present in the essential oils sample were D- Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties on Citrus Limonene (92.35%), β-Myrcene (2.43%), and β-Linalool limetta (Mosambi). J Chem Pharma Res. 2016; 8(3):555- (1.27%). 563. 5. Colecio-Juarez MC, Rubio-Nunez RE, Botello-Alvarez Acknowledgement JE, Martinez-Gonzalez GM, Navarrete-Bolanos JL, I am very much grateful to Dr. R.L. Shrestha for providing Jimenez Islas H. Characterization of Volatile Compounds laboratory facilities at Kathmandu Valley College, Chhauni, in the Essential Oil of Sweet Lime (Citrus limetta Risso). Kathmandu. My thanks goes to the Department of Food Chilean J Agric Res. 2012; 72(2):275-280. Technology and Quality Control, Babarmahal, Kathmandu for GC-MS analysis of the sample. References 1. Anwar F, Rehana N, Bhanger MI, Ashraf S, Talpur FN, Aladedunye FA. Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Citrus Seeds and Seed Oils from Pakistan. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 2008; 85(4):321-330. 2. Padilla-Camberos E, Lazcano-Díaz E, Flores-Fernandez JM, Owolabi MS, Allen K, Villanueva-Rodríguez S. Evaluation of the Inhibition of Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes, the Antioxidant activity, and the Polyphenolic Content of Citrus limetta Peel Extract. The Scientific World Journal, 2014; 2014:1-4. 3. Baral SR, Kurmi PP. A Compendium of Medicinal Plants ~ 4 ~ .
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