ILAE Historical Wall02.Indd 6 6/12/09 12:03:12 PM

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ILAE Historical Wall02.Indd 6 6/12/09 12:03:12 PM

1960–1969 1962 1963 1964 1965 1967 1968 1969 James Watson Alan Hodgkin Feodor Lynen Jacques Monod Ragnar Granit Robert Holley Max Delbruck 1960 1961 1962 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Sir Frank M. Burnet Georg von Békésy Maurice Wilkins Andrew Huxley François Jacob Peyton Rous Haldan Hartline Gobind Khorana Alfred Hershey 1960960 196262 1963963 196464 196565 196666 1967967 196868 196969 Peter Medawar Francis Crick Sir John Eccles Konrad Bloch André Lwoff Charles Huggins George Wald Marshall Nirenberg Salvador Luria 1960 Epilepsy and related Disorders by William G. Lennox published 1960 First description of the sodium amytal (Wada) test 1961 ILAE quadrennial meeting in Rome – 7 lectures 1961 DDR, Irish, Italian, Israeli, Swedish, Swiss and Uruguayan branches join the ILAE 1961 Proposal to found the IBE 1961 First genetic study of idiopathic epilepsy by Metrakos K and Metrakos JD 1962 First congress devoted entirely to status epilepticus (Marseilles Colloquium) 1962 Sulthiame launched in Europe 1963 Benzodiazepines – in the form of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide – introduced into clinical practice 1963 Slater defi nes the interictal psychoses of epilepsy 1963 Michael Prize instituted 1965 Carbamazepine introduced as an antiepileptic , with fi rst licensing in the UK – a step of great signifi cance in epilepsy 1964 Gastaut produces the fi rst draft of the ILAE Classifi cation of Seizure Type 1965 ILAE quadrennial meeting in Vienna 1965 Talairach, Bancaud and co–workers publish La stéréoélectroencéphalographie dans l’épilepsie 1965 Austria, Bolivia and Poland join the ILAE 1966 IBE formally constituted, although it had been functioning informally for several years 1966 Epilepsy section formed at NIH – with J. Kiffi n Penry as chief 1967 Microneurosurgical techniques (and the operating microscope) introduced by Yaşargil 1967 Valproate introduced into clinical practice for epilepsy in France and over the next 5 years in Europe and then in 1976 in the US after a public campaign by Kiffi n Penry 1967 First description of kindling as a model of epilepsy 1968 Clonazepam licensed for use in Europe 1969 ILAE and IBE quadrennial meeting in New York – the 11th ILAE meeting 1969 First draft of the ILAE Classifi cation of the Epilepsies 1969 ILAE Classifi cation of Seizure Type approved 1969 Spain joins and Czechoslovakia rejoins the ILAE 1960 First pacemaker developed 1965 First measles vaccine licensed 1961 Sabin’s oral polio vaccine licensed 1966 Brain inactivity fi rst adopted as the clinical defi nition of death 1961 Triple–base–pair structure of DNA proposed by Sydney Brenner and Francis Crick 1967 First heart transplant by Christiaan Bernard 1962 Azothiaprine licensed 1968 Structure of haemaglobin described by Max Perutz using crystallography 1962 Teratogenicity of thalidomide recognised 1968 First vaccine against meningitis 1963 Measles vaccine prepared 1969 First artifi cial heart used clinically by Denton Cooley 1963 Cellular basis of nervous transmission described by Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and John Eccles 1969 First IVF by Robert G. Edwards 1964 Helsinki Declaration on human experimentation ILAE_Historical wall02.indd 6 6/12/09 12:03:12 PM.

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