71st Annual Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair March 2021

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http://www.lascifair.org

The 71st Annual Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair

SILVER “UNIVERSE” CONTRIBUTOR

WELCOME

The Science Fair Executive Board and Advisory Committee welcome you to the 71st Annual Los Angeles County Science and Engineering Fair!

This year, over 350 students from public, parochial, and private schools in Los Angeles County are participating in the oldest and largest regional science fair in the western United States.

We celebrate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in 36 Junior and Senior Division project categories from Animal Biology to Product Science.

MISSION and GOALS

 To provide an opportunity for young people to apply creativity and critical thought to the solution of science, engineering, and mathematics problems beyond the confines of the classroom.

 To publicly recognize the achievements of talented science, mathematics, and engineering students.

 To provide opportunities for scientists, engineers, and business leaders to network with the educational community, both at the teacher and student level, to exchange ideas and discuss career opportunities.

 To promote school-community cooperation in developing the scientific potential and communication skills of tomorrow’s leaders.

Science Fair Executive Board

Nishat Alikhan President

Benjamin Dickow Vice President

Eric Hartung Treasurer

Andrea Corrales Secretary

Emily Hoffman Board Member

Susan Singh Board Member

John Vassiliades Board Member

Maureen Allen Honorary Board Member Richard Boolootian Honorary Board Member

President's Message: Happy 2021! Happy 71st Anniversary! The Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair has been an incredibly important organization promoting STEM education in Los Angeles for over seven decades. During our long tenure, we have seen a lot. This has been an incredible year, unprecedented some may say. It has been full of the challenges of living through a global pandemic and the disruptions to our daily lives and the trials and tribulations of virtual teaching and learning. With this in mind, I’m so proud of the 350+ students who despite of all of the obstacles this year brought, successfully completed creative and thought provoking scientific research and engineering feats! These young scientists and engineers would not be here without the leadership and guidance of their teachers, family members, and all those who supported them in their endeavors as well as the amazing support of our partners. I thank all of you who helped each and every student whose name appears in this program, every institution that supported their students, and each organization that made a donation to help support us in our mission of supporting STEM education in Los Angeles County! Thank you all for being a part of our 71st Anniversary as we celebrate the 71 years of Science and Engineering Fairs in Southern California! I wish all our students the best in their adventures yet to come.

Nishat Alikhan, President Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair About the Theme: Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair For the 2021 Fair we asked students from the 2020 Fair to suggest possible themes for the 2021 fair. Once we chose a theme, we then asked participating schools to send in art to be used for the different aspects of the fair.

The Theme was created by Camilla Martinez from North Hollywood High School Bio: Camilla Martinez is a junior at North Hollywood High School where she is interested in studying chemistry and geosciences. Striving to actively participate in up-and-coming research, she has been working on a project that aims to compare paleoclimate proxies and study climate sensitivity to changes in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Inspiration: This year, more than ever, we’ve all had to push the boundaries, just to even be here right now. The past year brought a number of challenges that nobody could have predicted, as many of us transferred to online classes and joined online events, all while living through a global pandemic and huge social, political, and environmental adversity. Countless labs around the city have closed due to the pandemic, but research has not come even close to a halt. Everyone here has found a way to push past these obstacles, some of you even turned these hurdles into an opportunity to discover. Driven by our desire to learn more, we are asking questions and looking for answers that are pushing the boundaries of scientific discovery.

The artwork was created by Maia Rocha from American Martyrs School My name is Maia Rocha. I am 14 years old and attend American Martyrs School. My inspiration for this design was “out of the box” thinking. When I think of pushing boundaries, I think of new and unthinkable ideas and inventions. Everyone should strive to think out of the box. If they don't, then life just gets a bit more bland. I tried to capture this concept in my design as best as I could. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Los Angeles County Science and Engineering Fair Advisory Committee

Nishat Alikhan, Shahida Alikhan, Alamelu Arunachalam, Bryan Benedict, Paula Borstel, Linda Chilton, Meena Chokkalingam, Andrea Corrales, Fiona Darsot, Patrick Denny, Benjamin Dickow, Oscar Espinoza, Dean Gilbert, Aidyl Gonzalez-Serricchio, Eric Hartung, Emily Hoffman, Kevin Kha, Anne Maben, Jeffrey Scott Nuttall, Anthony Quan, Shyam Saladi, Susan Singh, Tonia Symensma-Cohen, John Vassiliades, Mark Wang, Gary Widdison

Science Fair Director Judging Coordinator Special Awards Chair Nishat Alikhan Emily Hoffman Mark Wang

Scientific Review Teacher Workshop Technology Support Committee Chair Coordinator Patrick Denny Aidyl Gonzalez-Serricchio, PhD Anne Maben Kevin Kha

Social Media Coordinator Regeneron ISEF Coordinator Fair Registrar Paula Borstel Alamelu Arunachalam Oscar Espinoza

We Need Your Help! The Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair is a 501 (c) (3) non- profit organization and we must annually raise almost $150,000 in funds to cover LACSEF expenses. The Science Fair, its website and workshops are run completely by unpaid staff who find great satisfaction in donating their time on a volunteer basis. We invite you to join our Advisory Committee to help continue producing the longest running regional science fair in the western United States!

The 71st Annual Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair Thanks our Generous Contributors

SILVER “Universe” Contributors $10,000 - $19,000 Edison International 2021 Presenting Sponsor The Cheryl Saban Self-Worth Foundation for Women & Girls Sponsoring The Cheryl Saban Self-Worth Foundation School Sponsorship Professional Engineers in California Government

Messages from Families and Schools Good Luck to all of you! 😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊 Smile and Shine. Enjoy your time here at the Fair.  The LA County Science Fair Committee

Congratulations Issac! When things get hard, hold your head high! You’re my incredible, amazing guy! Mom Chloe & Jessica R. - We are so proud of you and your contribution to Science! Love you most! Mom & Dad Congratulations Vale! You reached for the sky and we are so proud of you! Love Mom, Dad & Sushi!  Noah, we are so proud of you! Congratulations! Deb, Iri and Hannah! Congratulations, Audrey E. Lee!!! You have worked so hard for this moment, and we are so proud of you!! Love, Mom and Dad Congratulations Zach on Science Fair. You worked very hard and we hope you do well!  Dad, Mom & AJ Hana Cho, congratulations on your Science Fair Achievement! – Mom, dad & the Archer School for Girls

The Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair Advisory Committee & Executive Board applaud the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors & our partners for supporting STEM Education in LA County! Thank You! Special Award Contributors Thanks to the following Corporate and Professional Organizations for their generous support of excellence in student research:

American Meteorological Society American Psychological Association American Vacuum Society Association for Women Geoscientists ASM Materials Education Foundation Broadcom MASTERS California Association of Professional Scientists (CAPS) The Campaign for Recycling Awareness The Cheryl Saban Self-Worth Foundation for Women & Girls The David Park Foundation for Innovation & Technology Department of Defense Greater Los Angeles Teachers of Science Association ICP DAS USA, Inc. The Lemelson Foundation Mu Alpha Theta National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) The Nuclear Society Office of Naval Research (U.S. Navy / U.S. Marine Corps) Professional Engineers in California Government Regeneron Science Talent Search Ricoh USA, Incorporated The Scientist Society for In Vitro Biology Society of Petroleum Engineers - Los Angeles South Bay Business Environmental Coalition Southern California Paleontological Society Stockholm Junior Water Prize US Agency for International Development (USAID) United States Air Force US Metric Association UCLA Brain Research Institute Yale Science & Engineering Association SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 17 – PHYSICAL SCIENCE CATEGORIES Judging Orientation JUDGES ONLY Zoom 8:00am – 9:00am Judging & Interviews BY PRE-SCHEDULED INTERVIEWS by category Chemistry-Applied – JR; Chemistry-General – JR; Chemistry – SR; Earth/Space Sciences – JR & SR; Engineering Applications – JR & SR; Virtually via Rocket 9:00am – 2:00pm Engineering Research – JR & SR; Judge or earlier Material Science – JR; Mathematics & Computer Sciences – JR & SR; Physics-Aerodynamics/Hydrodynamics – JR; Physics-Electricity & Magnetism – JR; Physics-General – JR; Physics – SR; Product Science - JR Final Judging Virtually via Rocket 2:00pm – 4:00pm or NO STUDENTS Judge earlier

THURSDAY, MARCH 18 – LIFE SCIENCE CATEGORIES Judging Orientation JUDGES ONLY Zoom 8:00am – 9:00am Judging & Interviews BY PRE-SCHEDULED INTERVIEWS by category Animal Biology – JR & SR; Animal Physiology – JR & SR; Behavioral/Social Sciences – Human – JR; Behavioral/Social Sciences – Non-Human – JR; Virtually via Rocket 9:00am – 2:00pm Behavioral/Social Sciences – SR; Judge or earlier Biochemistry & Molecular Biology – JR & SR; Ecology – JR & SR; Environmental Management – JR & SR; Microbiology – JR/SR; Pharmacology – JR & SR; Plant Biology & Physiology – JR & SR Final Judging Virtually via Rocket 2:00pm – 4:00pm or NO STUDENTS Judge earlier

FRIDAY, MARCH 19 – SPECIAL AWARDS JUDGING Judging & Interviews Virtually via Rocket 9:00am – Lunch BY PRE-SCHEDULED INTERVIEWS Judge

SATURDAY, MARCH 20 – LACSEF ADVISORY COMMITTEE ONLY Tabulating Results and Preparing the Awards Ceremony Via Zoom As needed

SUNDAY, MARCH 21 Virtual Awards Ceremony Via YouTube Live & 12:00pm – 2:00pm Facebook Live AWARDS FOR STUDENTS

This year, the Awards Ceremony will be held virtually and will be live streamed on Facebook and YouTube on Sunday, March 21, 2021 at noon.

Each student exhibitor, individual or part of a team, who participates in the Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair, receives a Certificate of Participation and a medal.

First Place, Second Place, Third Place, and Honorable Mention in each Project Category and Division, both individual and teams, will receive a Medal of Merit. Students who do not place 1st, 2nd, 3rd or Honorable Mention will receive a Recognition Medal.

Special Award winners will be selected by corporate, scientific and professional organizations. Prizes range from cash awards, gift certificates and internships.

The 71st Annual Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair PRESENTATION OF AWARDS Sunday, March 21, 2021 Viewable at the Fair's Facebook Live & YouTube

OPENING CEREMONY 12:00 pm Welcome: Nishat Alikhan, President, LACSEF

12:15 pm CORPORATE AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIAL AWARDS

12:45 pm PROJECT CATEGORY AWARDS

1:45 pm SPECIAL AWARDS Darrell Smedley Award Sweepstakes Awards Intel International Science & Engineering Fair Designees Special Awards The following Special Awards will be presented at the Awards Ceremony if their criteria are met.

Organization Name of Award Criteria Prize

Certificate of Outstanding Project showing excellence in American Meteorological Grades 6-12. Certificate & invitation to LA- Achievement for Ability and atmospheric & related oceanic & hydrologic Society Creativity in an Atmospheric sciences AMS Annual Banquet Science Exhibit Grades 6-12. Best psychology-related project. Certificate of Award for Behavioral & Social Sciences / Animal Sciences American Psychological Achievement in Research in /Biochemistry / Computer Sciences / Certificate Association Psychological Association Environmental Sciences / Math / Medicine & Health Sciences

American Vacuum Excellence in Vacuum or Grades 6-12. Projects related to vacuums, Cash Award Society Surface Chemistry thin films, or surface chemistry. Female students only; Grades 6-12. Projects that increase public awareness of geosciences, Association for Women Student Awards for illustrate the interdisciplinary nature of the Geoscience Excellence Certificate Geoscientists geosciences, or promote the sensitivity to the Earth as a global system. ASM Materials Most Outstanding Exhibit in Grades 6-12. Best materials Certificate & Ribbon Education Foundation Materials Science Award engineering project.

Certificate + Eligibility to enter Broadcom Broadcom Finalist Grades 6-8. Top 10% of all Junior Projects Broadcom MASTERS competition Grades 7-11. For the project best illustrating California Association of good scientific methodology in a discipline Certificate, $100, & Eligibility CAPS Outstanding Young represented by members of CAPS, including to compete for CAPS Professional Scientists Scientist Award (CAPS) physics, chemistry, biological & environmental Outstanding Young Scientist science, toxics & energy resources Award Grades 9-12. For the project that best The Campaign for Student Award for Recycling establishes, creates or improves upon a way to Cash Award Recycling Awareness Innovation increase the recycling rate of #1 #2 and #5 plastics in the U.S. The Cheryl Saban Self- The Cheryl Saban Self-Worth Grades 6-12. Top projects by female scholar Worth Foundation for Foundation Scholar Prize with a focus on providing a positive impact to Cash Award + Crystal Award Women & Girls her community.

The David Park The David Park Foundation Grades 9-12. Most outstanding projects related Foundation for Innovation Scholar Award to innovation & technology Cash Awards & Technology Grades 6-8. Excellence in STEM, as well as the DoD STEM Department of Defense problem-solving skills and determination to Certificate & $100 Leadership Prize overcome challenges throughout the research project. Grades 6-12. "I Did It Myself"--An exemplary Greater Los Angeles project completed entirely by a student with no Teachers Science Darrell Smedley Award assistance from parents, teachers, other adults Plaque & $100 Association or peers. Grades 6-12. Best new innovations carefully Southern California Social ICP DAS USA, Inc. crafted, researched, built, and experimented to Cash Award Impact Award help better the environment and quality of life on the planet.

The Lemelson The Lemelson Early Inventory Grades 6-8. Problem-solving, empathy, Certificate & $100 Foundation Prize entrepreneurial, and environmentally- responsible invention. Mu Alpha Theta Award for the most challenging, original, 9th - 12th Grade Student Only. Most MU Alpha Theta thorough, & creative outstanding project exhibiting in the area of Certificate investigation of a problem mathematics. involving mathematics . Project that offers greatest insight National Aeronautics & NASA Earth System Science Grades 6-12 Award into Earth’s Interconnected Systems and Certificate Space Administration demonstrates excellence in inquiry. Organization Name of Award Criteria Prize NOAA's Taking the Pulse of the Planet Award - for Grades 6-12. Best project related to presenting research that understanding and predicting changes in National Oceanic and demonstrates the Principles & climate, weather, oceans, and coasts. Letter & Certificate Atmospheric Technical Innovations that Administration offer the greatest potential for Conserving and managing coastal and an improved understanding of marine ecosystems. Earth's dynamic processes Grades 6-12. Best project representing a field of nuclear science, nuclear technology, nuclear Nuclear Society Award Nuclear Society medicine, nuclear engineering, radiation, or Cash Award health physics. Office of Naval The Office of Naval Research Grades 6-12. Any project which shows Jr. Certificate & Medal Sr. Research (U.S. Navy / Naval Science Award excellence in science or engineering. No Team Certificate, Medal, & $50 U.S. Marine Corps) Projects! Honorable Mentions Marylin Professional Engineers Jorgenson-ReeseAward for Gift Card & Honorable Excellence Grades 6-12. Best engineering related projects in California James E. Roberts Award for Mention Medal, Cash Awards Government Excellence Regeneron Science Invitation to Compete in the Grades 9-12. Excellence in Science Invitation to Enter Contest Talent Search Intel Science Talent Search Grades 6-12. For presenting research that Ricoh Sustainable demonstrates the Principles & Technical Ricoh USA, Inc. Development Award Innovations that offer the greatest potential for Certificate Sustainable Development Outstanding Achievement in Grades 9-12. Achievement in exploring science Certificate, $100, and The Scientist Exploring Life and Inspiring and inspiring innovations for the future Life subscription to The Scientist Innovation Science community. magazine Award for any project that demonstrates a principle of Society of Petroleum Grades 6-12. Energy, fluid and gas production energy, fluid and gas and handling, or other technologies or science Letter, Certificate, & $100 Engineers – LA Section production & handling, or other related to the Petroleum industry. technologies or science related to the Petroleum industry 11th Grade Student Only. Most outstanding Society for In Vitro Society for In Vitro Biology project exhibiting in the areas of plant or animal Certificate Biology Award in vitro (artificial environment) biology or tissue culture. Best project related to the South Bay Business Grades 6-12. South Bay Business SBBEC's mission of promoting sustainable Environmental Coalition Award Gift Card Environmental Coalition for Innovation in Sustainability environmental practices within the realm of business Cash Prize, Certificate, Possibility Southern California Grades 6-12. Best project related to Southern California of Publication in Society's Journal, Paleontological Society Award paleontology or geology, earth science, 1-yr honorary membership to Paleontological Society for Academic Excellence paleobiology, or similar categories society, Tour of La Brea Tar Pits Grades 9-12 only. Outstanding water-related Regional Water Prize Award - research at the high school level which focuses on Stockholm Junior Award of Excellence for a relevance in terms of science, the environment, & Certificate + Nomination to Water Prize Water-Related Science society, creativity of the project, methodology, State SJWP Competition Research Project subject knowledge, practical skills, & report & presentation. Award - for outstanding UCLA Brain Research projects related to Grades 6-12. For outstanding projects Gift Card & Certificate Institute Neuroscience related to Neuroscience

U.S. Agency for Grades 6-12. Scientific excellence and using International Science Champion Award science innovatively to create a potential solution Certificate Development (USAID) to international development challenges. The U.S. Air Force Science Grades 9-12. Projects exemplifying U.S. Air Force Award STEM- related research Certificate Grades 9-12 only. Any project which involves U.S. Metric Association Award measures and expresses those measures U.S. Metric Association forthe best use of SI Units in a consistently and correctly in SI metric units; A Certificate Science Fair Project project in which the measures were integrally important to the research. Yale Science and Grade 11 only. Outstanding Exhibit in Computer Most Outstanding Exhibit Engineering Science, Engineering, Physics, or Chemistry Certificate & Medallion Association Science & Engineering Fair Project Rubric 2021

Student: The judges will be using the following Project ID: Student Name, Project Number rubric to evaluate your project.

Topic 4 3 2 1  It has an original, detailed EQ  It has an EQ that  The EQ is the  The EQ does Introduction (I)/ that clearly outlines the outlines the same as not overview Experimental experiment. experiment. published by the experiment.  H (where appropriate) is clearly  H (where appropriate) is another source;  H is not related to Question (EQ) stated and based on research. clearly stated. lacks originality. the EQ; student & Hypothesis (H)  The purpose of the investigation,  H is based on lacks understanding answers a specific question. assumptions, lacks of experiment and (H may not be present in a review of expected results. all projects) research.

 Research has been done on the  Research has been done  Minimal research  Lacks evidence of scientific process that is being on the topic of the has been done. research related Background manipulated in the experiment. experiment.  Student lacks to the topic of the  Correct number of cited references  References are present understanding of experiment. Research/ are present, written in proper format. but may not be cited the experimental  No references or Exploration topics. citations are  References may present. be present.  Detailed ORIGINAL procedure  The procedure is  The procedure is  The procedure is written to allow an outsider to written to allow an the same as very brief and understand all steps that were taken outsider to understand published by doesn’t allow a Procedure/ in the experiment. (This includes steps that were taken in another source; reader to fully explanation of the variables, data the experiment. (This lacks originality. understand what Materials & collected, number of trials, disposal includes explanation of was done during Methods methods, if necessary, and all tools the variables, data the experiment. that were used.) collected, and all tools  The procedure is that were used.) not repeatable

 Appropriate qualitative and/or  Both qualitative and  Only one kind of  Minimal data quantitative data was collected. quantitative data has data has been has been Data/ Results  Data is clear and understandable. been collected. collected. collected.  Sample size and number of trials are  Multiple trials have been  Limited trials  Only one trial has appropriate for the subject. conducted. Graphs are have been been completed. present of trials and conducted. *Some projects do  Graphs/data/and tables are  Graphs are averages. These graphs not use graphs with appropriately used.  Student has a misleading; they do include key parts of a graph of their not have equal data.  Data is appropriately labeled. graph and a caption. data. spans; lacking key  Grade appropriate data information. presentation.  Analysis is thorough and grade  Student has drawn  Student has drawn  Student has appropriate. conclusions based on conclusions based difficulty  Student has drawn conclusions the experiments. on the discussing the based on their experiments and  They are able to discuss experiments. experiment and research. the results and cite the  Student is able to results.  Student is able to discuss the results data that has been discuss the results  Student does not Conclusions/ and cite the data that has been collected. and cite the data make connections Student collected.  Student has further that has been between results collected. and research. Understanding  The student is able to discuss questions and research if/when the research and data ideas. match or not.  Student has further questions and research ideas.  Great Depth of Understanding  Video presentation clearly explains  Video presentation mostly  Video presentation  Video presentation the hypothesis, procedure, results, explains the hypothesis, does not explain all is missing several and conclusion of your project. procedure, results, and the required of the required Video  Video presentation clearly conclusion of your project. elements of your elements of your Presentation communicates what your project is  Video presentation mostly project. project. about. communicates what your  Video lacks clarity project is about. communicating what your project is about. Interview Tips & Tools

4. Communicate in a natural 7. Allow questions and 1. Think of yourself as belonging to the science community. manner, not rushed, perhaps just comments to guide the direction a bit slower than usual. of your presentation. You are sharing your ideas Give each idea its moment in Pause from time to time to among colleagues the sun. allow for dialogue! 2. Find a way to get physically 5. Let your opening start with a 8. If you don’t know, use the comfortable with yourself just BIG IDEA, then connect it to your moment to think out loud with before you begin. research topic. your colleagues. Breathe easily! Place your project into Show the quality of your context! thinking process!

3. Draw from what you know by 6. Provide a brief overview of 9. Used sparingly, humor, heart– so that it doesn’t sound highlights, like an abstract or a charm, and eye contact may help overly “memorized.” movie trailer. you connect with your Speak from your place of Excite your audience about colleagues. confidence! your project! Stay focused on the science story!

Remember that this is an interview. Look professional!

Pleaser log in early and try to relax! Your interview should be about 8 -10 minutes long.  Look out for an email from Rocket Judge with your scheduled interview time-slot Who will interview you? They are scientists in the field, teachers, retired scientists, etc. • They have seen and read your Abstract! • They have reviewed your virtual submissions! • They are prepared with questions!

What questions might be asked? Remember that every group/person will have their own favorite questions… here are the most logical ones.  Why did you choose this experiment?  What is the significance of this project to your life?  What were your variables?  What were your controls?  How did you make sure to run a controlled experiment?  What were your significant findings? (Results)  What formulas did you use?  Did your results match your research?  How did you use your research? (Did you research?)  Did you have any discrepant events? (Weird results that didn’t fit the trend?)  What further results/experiments might you now be interested in doing? Partners… you BOTH/ALL have to talk!! NON---DISCRIMINATION POLICY

The Los Angeles County Science and Engineering Fair is an equal opportunity for all events, regardless of age, ancestry, color, disability (mental and physical), gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, medical condition, national origin, race and religious creed. Judges and volunteers bear the responsibility to act as guardians and custodians of the students during their volunteering. Their familiarity with the students’ special sensitivities is imperative to the overall Science Fair effort to achieve an equal opportunity for all environments, free of discrimination.

Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair Pledge for Parents, Volunteers and the Public

On behalf of teachers, parents and visitors I pledge to be an example for our children by:

 Respecting the rules of the Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair;  Encouraging excellence in experimentation and investigation;  Supporting independence, originality, and creativity in the design and completion of all competitive projects; and  Respecting the authority and decisions of the staff and judges of the Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair.

My actions will promote the spirit of cooperation within and among all participating schools!

Student Code of Conduct

As a participant in the Los Angeles County Science Fair:

 I will compete honestly and with good sportsmanship.  I will act with integrity and treat others with courtesy.  I will respect Fair volunteers, staff, and judges and their decisions Regulations for Projects The following regulations will help keep the projects uniform and within the laws of the State of California. Fair sponsors want all students to have the best opportunity to compete for the annual awards. All projects at the Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair must abide by the following:

 Present an experimentally based research design exemplifying the science processes or engineering design/inventions.  Be carefully prescreened and approved online by the School Site Coordinator. The Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair Judges’ Rubric lists the criteria used to evaluate the projects. Online Pre-approval of project proposals is necessary for projects involving tissue/cell lines, human subjects, live vertebrate animals, hazardous materials and/or microbes  Clearly distinguished between the work of the student entrant and the work of others. Students who have prepared a project in conjunction with research participation opportunity in industry, a university, hospital or institution other than their school must show only the student’s research in their project display. Students may mention the relationship to the research of others in notebooks only if they clearly specify the assistance received and the role and contributions of others in research related to the project. Most projects being performed at outside institutions will need online preapproval for the 5 categories listed above, including electronic verification by supervising professionals.  Be original and distinct. Identical project/data may not be submitted by a school under separate judging divisions. Likewise, the same unmodified project cannot be submitted multiple years.  Be within the total quota for each school. Quotas will be announced in advance of the Fair. If additional applications are submitted, schools will be contacted and each school will determine which projects are the official entries. If excess entries are initially overlooked, only a number corresponding to the quota will be judged. Those to be judged will then be selected at the discretion of the Science Fair Committee.  Schools need to be electronically enrolled for the fair through the www.lascifair.org website. Schools should avoid enrollment until it is certain that their students’ projects will be completed in time, ready to be registered online and arrive at the Fair.  Student and project information will be submitted online by students only in grades 6-12 or with an age equivalent to those in grades 6-12. Team members MUST attend the same school, for oversight by the Site Coordinator.  Use illustrations or photographs ONLY of microbes, animals and plants for displays. The display of bacterial cultures and live or preserved animals and plants will not be permitted.  Use a title that provides the viewer with a clear concept of the subject and procedure of the research. Present the steps of the scientific methodology used, organized from left to right and top to bottom. Use metric units for all measurements. Have all values on charts and graphs correctly labeled. Present all narrative writing in a legible manner with correct grammar, punctuation and spelling. Carefully review the category descriptions and select the proper one for the project.  Display photographs that do not show procedures harmful to the health and wellbeing of animals. (For instance, the performance or results of surgical procedures will not be shown.) Those projects not in compliance will be removed from the display areas and will not be judged.  Adhere to all of the rules and regulations of the Fair and all relevant federal, state and local laws. Projects not in compliance will be screened at the door and refused entry.  Once you submit, understand that the decisions of the Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair Committee are final. PARTICIPATING SCHOOLS Junior Division

Al-Huda Islamic School Holy Angels School Pressman Academy Richard Garvey American Martyrs School Homeschool Intermediate School Ross Academy of Creative and Archer School for Girls La Canada Middle School Media Arts Middle School Beverly Vista Middle School Marlborough Royal Oak Middle School Chaminade College Preparatory Rudecinda Sepulveda Dodson Montebello Intermediate Middle School Gifted/HA Magnet MS

Chamlian Armenian School New Dimensions Saint Cyril of Jerusalem School

Chandler School New Horizon School St. Monica Academy Geffen Academy at UCLA Oak Hills Elementary School St. Timothy School Middle School Hale Charter Academy Pomona Unified School District Sun Valley Magnet – STEAM Magnet Junior Division Junior Division

Harvard-Westlake School Portola Highly Gifted Magnet Walter Reed Middle School

Senior Division

AESA STEM Academy Homeschool # 1 Palos Verdes High School Palos Verdes Peninsula Arcadia High School Homeschool # 2 High School PVNet Education & Technology Beverly Hills High School Homeschool # 3 Center Rose and Alex Pilibos Buckley School John Muir High School Armenian School

Cabrillo Marine Aquarium Kairos Prep Academy Saint Anthony High School

Crescenta Valley High School La Canada High School South Hills Academy

Sun Valley Magnet – Diamond Bar High School La Salle College Preparatory Senior Division Marco Antonio Firebaugh Flintridge Preparatory School Temple City High School High School Geffen Academy High School Mira Costa High School Vistamar School

Granada Hills Charter High School North Hollywood High School Walnut High School

Harvard-Westlake School – Notre Dame High School Whitney High School Senior Division

71st Annual Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair Statistical Summary Table 1. Number of Project Entries 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Cat. No. Category JR SR Total Total Total Total Total Total Total J01, S01 Animal Biology 2 2 23 27 18 20 30 33 24 J02, S02 Animal Physiology 6 4 19 16 18 20 15 15 12 S03 Behavioral / Social Sciences - 10 21 25 12 9 12 16 12

J03 Behavioral Sciences – Non Human 1 - 11 11 10 13 12 9 11 Behavioral / Social Sciences – J04 Human 11 - 13 18 25 37 29 36 34 J05, S04 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 5 13 35 25 32 41 29 37 29 S05 Chemistry - 6 14 26 25 27 38 25 25 J06 Chemistry – Applied 13 - 14 35 27 32 30 37 31 J07 Chemistry – General 13 - 32 35 35 58 52 57 50 J08, S06 Earth / Space Sciences 5 3 18 22 34 39 19 33 31 J09, S07 Ecology 15 4 38 33 39 33 23 31 32 J10, S08 Engineering Applications 21 20 62 82 70 75 88 76 57 J11, S09 Engineering Research 6 6 33 42 26 44 42 50 30 J12, S10 Environmental Management 13 7 64 55 60 64 54 56 34 J13 Materials Science 12 - 18 28 29 36 18 35 19 Mathematics / Computer J14, S11 Sciences 4 9 37 32 25 19 22 20 18 J15, S12 Microbiology 6 6 23 15 19 30 14 20 56 J16, S13 Pharmacology 2 3 11 17 22 17 16 8 18 S14 Physics - 11 19 11 14 16 32 13 12 Physics – Aerodynamics / J17 Hydrodynamics 7 - 16 26 14 34 21 35 33 Physics – Electricity & J18 Magnetism 8 - 29 30 24 41 33 32 40 J19 Physics – General 8 - 19 34 39 51 52 89 64 J20, S15 Plant Biology & Physiology 22 9 53 55 69 82 69 86 78 J22 Product Science 16 - 36 46 36 40 34 38 42

TOTAL 196 113 658 746 722 878 763 887 642

Table 2: Number of Participating Students by District, Gender *2014-2021 District Data by # of Schools

DISTRICT 2021* 2020* 2019* 2018* 2017* 2016* 2015* 2014* Archdiocese 4 9 10 13 15 19 19 21 Private 15 23 24 29 38 33 40 48 Public 44 69 97 75 94 95 84 49 TOTAL 63* 92* 121* 117* 147* 147* 143* 114* BOYS 166 234 424 413 460 421 476 433 GIRLS 187 331 470 465 581 474 554 476 TOTAL 353 565 894 878 1041 895 1032 909

2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR J01 - Animal Biology - Jr. J02 - Animal Physiology - Jr.

J0101 Hafid, Youcef Gr: 6 Just Breath! Modeling the Effect of Pneumonia on the Lungs. S: Al-Huda Islamic School D: Hawthorne C: Alshanableh, Rula

J0102 Zamir, Astrid Gr: 8 The Effect of Sperm Whale Recordings on Dwarf Ceriths Behaviour S: Archer School for Girls D: 4 C: Hannibal, Katherine

J0201 Alamad, Nadia Gr: 8 Is There a Correlation Between ABO Blood Types, Rhesus (Rh) Factor, and the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms? S: Al-Huda Islamic School D: Hawthorne C: Alshanableh, Rula

J0202 Filips, Spencer Gr: 7 Ultrasound vs Pests. S: American Martyrs School D: Diocese of Los Angeles C: McCorkle, Sarah

J0203 Kupferwasser, Noah Gr: 8 The Effect of Stress, Housing, Language Barrier and Race on Blood Pressure in Patients with High Blood Pressure S: Pressman Academy D: Private C: Hartung, Eric

J0204 Martinez, Isaac Gr: 7 Common Side Effects with Routine Vaccines in Dogs and Cats and their Similarities with the New COVID-10 Vaccine S: Royal Oak Middle School D: 626-966-8331 C: Mancilla, Robert

J0205 Mero, Kaitlyn Gr: 7 Knee Joint Hyperextension in Certain Swim Strokes S: Saint Cyril of Jerusalem School D: Archdiocese of Los Angeles C: Mancini, Claudia

J0206 Patel, Tej Gr: 8 Does the Concentration of Turmeric Extract Affect Planaria Regeneration? S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: LAUSD C: Gramajo, Ruth

2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR J03 - Behavioral Science - Non-Human - Jr. J04 - Behavioral/Social Sciences - Human - Jr.

J0301 Shahinian, Nanar Gr: 8 J0408 Ruelas, Chloe Gr: 7 Sweet But Fatal Ruelas, Jessica Gr: 7 S: Chamlian Armenian School Effects of COVID-19 on Influenza and D: glendale COVID-19 Vaccine Receipt Behavior C: Gevorkian, Lida Among Adults

S: Saint Cyril of Jerusalem School J0401 Alkwadri, Ameera Gr: 8 D: Archdiocese of Los Angeles C: Mancini, Claudia Khan, Rabeeah Gr: 8

Is There a True Link Between Breastfeeding and Intelligence? J0409 Shin, Eloise Gr: 8 S: Al-Huda Islamic School Under Pressure: How Girls in Different D: Hawthorne Learning Environments Respond to C: Alshanableh, Rula Peer Pressure

S: Marlborough J0402 Delson, Jonah Gr: 7 D: N/A C: Salzburg, Maxime

Food Freedom S: Pressman Academy J0410 Sullivan, Liam Gr: 6 D: Private C: Hartung, Eric Experimental Study to Improve Sleep

Latency in Children Using Relaxation Methods J0403 Hoenig, Ella Gr: 7 S: Beverly Vista Middle School Mind Play D: Beverly Hills Unified School District S: Pressman Academy C: Throeson, Samantha

D: Private C: Hartung, Eric J0411 Tizabi, Keren Gr: 8

The Ups and Downs J0404 Kandavel, Jayan Gr: 8 S: Pressman Academy How Zoom Affects the Concentration of D: Private the Brain C: Hartung, Eric

S: Harvard-Westlake School D: District 4 C: Reed, Tripp

J0405 Luo, Justin Gr: 6 The Unknown Eyes S: Oak Hills Elementary School D: Newhall C: Symensma-Cohen, Tonia

J0406 Mazar, Ariel Gr: 7 Can You Withstand the Pressure? A Study on Peer Pressure S: Pressman Academy D: Private C: Hartung, Eric

J0407 Petlak, Olivia Gr: 8 1, 2, 3, Eyes on Me? S: Pressman Academy D: Private C: Hartung, Eric

2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J05 • Biochemistry & Molecular Biology - Jr

J0501 Baghdassarian, Kaitlyn Gr: 8 Just “Passing” Through: Dissolving Kidney Stones S: Chamlian Armenian School D: glendale C: Gevorkian, Lida

J0502 Ha, Havon Gr: 7 The Effects of Different Temperatures on Microwavable Popcorn S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School D: Garvey School District C: Tang-Quick, Teresa

J0503 Jung, Yuran Gr: 8 What is the Cost of Sweetness? S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: LAUSD C: Gramajo, Ruth

J0504 Po, Gerald Gr: 8 Apple Juice to the Rescue S: Holy Angels School D: LA Archdiocese C: Kepski, Erica

J0505 Reyes, Sofia Gr: 6 Reyes, Janelle Gr: 6 Our Muffin Leavening Experiment S: Pomona Unified School District Junior Division D: Pomona Unified School District C: Gardea, Bridget 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J06 • Chemistry - Applied - Jr

J0601 Avina, Ricardo Gr: 8 J0609 Romero, AnaLucia Gr: 8 Ricardo Avina Water Testing Site Calderon, Emma Gr: 8 S: Sun Valley Magnet School (Junior The Battle of the Paper Towels Division) S: Holy Angels School D: LAUSD D: LA Archdiocese C: Greene, Stephanie C: Kepski, Erica

J0602 Chamras , Lilian Gr: 8 J0610 Rossen, Ava Gr: 6 Analyzing How Quickly Candles Burn Pointless Popping Spheres S: La Canada Middle School S: Walter Reed Middle School D: La Canada Unified School District D: Los Angeles Unified School District C: Nespor, Amy C: Sofio, Joyann

J0603 Husaini, Malik Gr: 7 J0611 Shafiq, Habiba Gr: 6 Using Biomimicry to Make a Rust Hydrophobic Shield S: Pomona Unified School District S: New Horizon School Junior Division D: PUSD D: Pomona Unified School District C: Satya, Kavitha C: Gardea, Bridget

J0604 Kasparian, Daron Gr: 8 J0612 Villegas, Katherine Gr: 8 Determining the Effectiveness of Is the SPF on Sunscreen Really True to Sunscreen Products in Blocking Its Labeling? Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation S: Ross Academy of Creative and S: Chamlian Armenian School Media Arts Middle School D: glendale D: ABC Unified School District C: Gevorkian, Lida C: Espinoza, Oscar

J0605 Koutnouyan, Isabelle Gr: 8 J0613 Wang, Mark Gr: 8 How Does Thyme Oil and Ambient How Does One Know When to Replace Temperature Affect the Shelf-Life of a Facemask Milk? S: Pomona Unified School District S: Chamlian Armenian School Junior Division D: glendale D: Pomona Unified School District C: Gevorkian, Lida C: Gardea, Bridget

J0606 Lottie, Casia Gr: 6 What Are the Three Forms of Water? S: Pomona Unified School District Junior Division D: Pomona Unified School District C: Gardea, Bridget

J0607 Prasad, Nysha Gr: 7 Oil in the Ocean S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: LAUSD C: Gramajo, Ruth

J0608 Reyes, Michael Gr: 8 Separating Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen Using Electrolysis S: Sun Valley Magnet School (Junior Division) D: LAUSD C: Greene, Stephanie 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J07 • Chemistry - General - Jr

J0701 Ajanel , Joanna Gr: 8 J0709 Moradi, Alec Gr: 8 Battery Life No Lead In My Grape Juice S: Montebello Intermediate S: Chamlian Armenian School D: Montebello D: glendale C: Aragon, Karina C: Gevorkian, Lida

J0702 Badillo, Erik Gr: 6 J0710 Nguyen, Kevin Gr: 7 Melting Ice Coke Can Calorimeter S: Pomona Unified School District S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School Junior Division D: Garvey School District D: Pomona Unified School District C: Tang-Quick, Teresa C: Gardea, Bridget J0711 Oh, Jungmin Gr: 7 J0703 Echeverria, Gerardo Gr: 6 Which Fruit Produces the Most Water and Sugar Electricity? S: Pomona Unified School District S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet Junior Division D: LAUSD D: Pomona Unified School District C: Gramajo, Ruth C: Gardea, Bridget J0712 Riepl, Kaeden Gr: 8 J0704 Fernandez, Karelly Gr: 8 How Clean Is Your Water? How Cool Are Mints? S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM S: Montebello Intermediate Magnet D: Montebello D: LAUSD C: Aragon, Karina C: Ramirez, Joanne

J0705 Hafez, Jana Gr: 7 J0713 Sidky, Ayaan Gr: 7 Bath Bomb Science How Many Sugars Are In Your S: New Dimensions Smoothie D: Ontario/Montclair S: New Dimensions C: Alghaswyneh, Sawsan D: Ontario/Montclair C: Alghaswyneh, Sawsan J0706 Kopcho, Ellis Gr: 7 Determining if Polyester Medical Supplies Can Be Degraded Using Hydrolysis. S: Chandler School D: Independent C: Newman, J.J.

J0707 Liu, Ayden Gr: 6 Do All Liquids Evaporate at the Same Rate? S: Pomona Unified School District Junior Division D: Pomona Unified School District C: Gardea, Bridget

J0708 Mahmoud, Layth Gr: 6 Fang, Chloe Gr: 6 Which Liquid Evaporates the Most? S: Pomona Unified School District Junior Division D: Pomona Unified School District C: Gardea, Bridget 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR J08 - Earth / Space Sciences - Jr. J09 - Ecology - Jr.

J0801 Bulgarini, Lorenzo Gr: 7 J0905 Hatton, Julianna Gr: 8 J0913 Sourakli, Isabella Gr: 7 Lunar Mountain Height Popular Plastics Plummeting pH: The Testing the Effects of Fly Ash and S: St. Monica Academy Impact of Plastic Degradation on Ocean Wood Ash on the Growth and Longevity D: Glendale Unified School District pH Levels of Lumbricus terrestris (Earthworms) C: Ghandhi, Sorab S: Archer School for Girls and Viola odorata Plants (Viola Plants) D: 4 S: New Horizon School J0802 Guglielmetti, Isabella Gr: 7 C: Hannibal, Katherine D: PUSD C: Satya, Kavitha Nature's Colors J0906 Humbarger, Kit Gr: 8 S: St. Timothy School Steinbeck, Monica Gr: 8 J0914 Wallenstein, Max Gr: 7 D: Arch. of Los Angeles C: Novak, Christy Living Algae vs. Acid Rain Mitigating Tsunamis S: American Martyrs School S: Pressman Academy J0803 Lawton, Francis Gr: 6 D: Diocese of Los Angeles D: Private C: McCorkle, Sarah C: Hartung, Eric Safer Shakes S: St. Timothy School J0907 Keston, Parker Gr: 8 J0915 Wang, Nathan Gr: 8 D: Arch. of Los Angeles C: Novak, Christy Motor Oil: Spoiling Aquatic Plants Since How Does the Depth at Which Elodea 1886 is Submerged Affect its Health in the Presence of Motor Oil? J0804 Warner, Noelle Gr: 8 S: Archer School for Girls S: Chandler School Malone, Ellie Gr: 8 D: 4 C: Hannibal, Katherine D: Independent After the Burn C: Newman, J.J. S: St. Timothy School J0908 Lainer-Vos, Noam Gr: 7 D: Arch. of Los Angeles C: Novak, Christy Fighting Climate Change One Tree at a Time J0805 Wolfe, Olive Gr: 6 S: Pressman Academy D: Private Parachute Effectiveness C: Hartung, Eric S: Walter Reed Middle School D: Los Angeles Unified School District J0909 Myers, Addie Gr: 8 C: Sofio, Joyann Do Coronal Mass Ejections Affect Turtle Directions J0901 Chaves, Sophia Gr: 7 S: Archer School for Girls What is in Your Soil? D: 4 S: American Martyrs School C: Hannibal, Katherine D: Diocese of Los Angeles C: McCorkle, Sarah J0910 Orellana, Sarah Gr: 8 When is Air Pollution Higher? J0902 Cocolan, Cesar Gr: 8 S: Ross Academy of Creative and Plants That Help Prevent Erosion Media Arts Middle School S: American Martyrs School D: ABC Unified School District D: Diocese of Los Angeles C: Espinoza, Oscar C: McCorkle, Sarah J0911 Reel, Emily Gr: 8 J0903 Edelman, Hudson Gr: 6 Plastic Earth Need Some Sugar? S: American Martyrs School S: Walter Reed Middle School D: Diocese of Los Angeles D: Los Angeles Unified School District C: McCorkle, Sarah C: Sofio, Joyann J0912 Reich, Millie Gr: 8 J0904 Elyaspoor, Amaras Gr: 8 Modeling Ocean Acidification and its Does the Type of Biomass Used Affect Impact on Seashell Thinning the Biogas Produced? S: Marlborough S: Chamlian Armenian School D: N/A D: glendale C: Salzburg, Maxime C: Gevorkian, Lida 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J10 • Engineering Applications - Jr

J1001 Ananyan, Christopher Gr: 7 J1010 Lara, Ariana Gr: 8 J1018 Soto, Cristian Gr: 7 Will a 9 Volt Battery Charge a Phone? Diabetic Robot Sanchez, Jose Gr: 7 S: Saint Cyril of Jerusalem School S: Montebello Intermediate Contreras, Carlos Gr: 7 D: Archdiocese of Los Angeles D: Montebello Reusable Vacuum Cleaner C: Mancini, Claudia C: Aragon, Karina S: Montebello Intermediate D: Montebello J1002 Ayala, Jennifer Gr: 8 J1011 Madden, Hunter Gr: 7 C: Aragon, Karina Firefighter Robot The F.O.O.T: Using Infrared Beams to S: Montebello Intermediate Track Pedestrian Traffic J1019 Soto, Jesus Gr: 8 D: Montebello S: Chandler School Homemade Air Conditioner C: Aragon, Karina D: Independent S: Montebello Intermediate C: Newman, J.J. D: Montebello J1003 Goldscheider, Arielle Gr: 6 C: Aragon, Karina Tashman, Ayden Gr: 6 J1012 Morita, Jayden Gr: 8 Earthquakes How Does Voltage Affect the Speed of J1020 Sudan, Govind Gr: 6 S: Pressman Academy an Electric D.C. Motor Who’s There?: Development of a D: Private S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Motion-Detection Device C: Hartung, Eric Magnet S: Oak Hills Elementary School D: LAUSD D: Newhall C: Ramirez, Joanne J1004 Guillory, Chase Gr: 8 C: Symensma-Cohen, Tonia Water Wheel Power J1013 Mulla, Ameena Gr: 6 S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet J1021 Torres, Lourdes Gr: 6 Constructing a Miniature Eco-Friendly D: LAUSD Solar Fan Foosball Table C: Gramajo, Ruth S: Pomona Unified School District S: New Horizon School Junior Division D: PUSD J1005 Halari, Sahar Gr: 6 D: Pomona Unified School District C: Satya, Kavitha Building a Heart Pump Demonstration C: Gardea, Bridget S: New Horizon School J1014 Nuthall, Brady Gr: 7 D: PUSD What Position of Case Fans Provides C: Satya, Kavitha the Lowest Temperature in a Gaming Computer? J1006 Hirsch, Martzi Gr: 7 S: American Martyrs School Sensing Walking Stick for Visually D: Diocese of Los Angeles Impared C: McCorkle, Sarah S: Pressman Academy D: Private J1015 Ortega, Daniel Gr: 8 C: Hartung, Eric Perez, Axel Gr: 8 Wind Turbine J1007 Hussain, Rayan Gr: 6 S: Montebello Intermediate Finding a Solution for an Efficient and D: Montebello Eco-Friendly Vehicle by Constructing a C: Aragon, Karina Solar-Powered Car S: New Horizon School J1016 Park, Erinne Gr: 7 D: PUSD C: Satya, Kavitha Solar Powered Wireless Phone Charger S: Rudecinda Sepulveda Dodson J1008 Khashaki, Nareg Gr: 7 Gifted/HA Magnet MS D: LAUSD Intelligent COVID-19 Store Greeter C: Aki, Teresa S: Chamlian Armenian School D: glendale J1017 Shpolyansky, Jax Gr: 8 C: Gevorkian, Lida The Safer Alternative for Cooking J1009 Kolieb, Benjy Gr: 7 S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Magnet Facial Recognition Doorbell D: LAUSD S: Pressman Academy C: Ramirez, Joanne D: Private C: Hartung, Eric 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J11 • Engineering Research - Jr

J1101 Abdelrahman, Rayyan Gr: 7 Building a Smoke Absorbing Device and Testing Its Effectiveness Using a Digital Particle Counter S: New Horizon School D: PUSD C: Satya, Kavitha

J1102 Attanasio, Jacob Gr: 7 Wind Powered Car S: American Martyrs School D: Diocese of Los Angeles C: McCorkle, Sarah

J1103 Eitel, Alexander Gr: 6 May The Force Be With You S: Oak Hills Elementary School D: Newhall C: Symensma-Cohen, Tonia

J1104 Hacopians, Nicole Gr: 8 How Fast Can You Go? S: Chamlian Armenian School D: glendale C: Gevorkian, Lida

J1105 Hernandez, Emilie Gr: 6 D.I.Y Coin Sorter S: Pomona Unified School District Junior Division D: Pomona Unified School District C: Gardea, Bridget

J1106 Tran, Elizabeth Gr: 6 Tennis Balls: Do You Get What You Pay For? S: Pomona Unified School District Junior Division D: Pomona Unified School District C: Gardea, Bridget 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J12 • Environmental Management - Jr

J1201 Aslam, Hassan Gr: 6 J1209 Henry, Eli Gr: 7 Testing the Effectiveness of Landfills in The Correlation Between the Decomposing Various Trash Materials Surroundings of Middle Schools on and Identifying Materials for Recycling Their Students’ Test Scores Through S: New Horizon School PM 2.5 Pollution D: PUSD S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet C: Satya, Kavitha D: LAUSD C: Gramajo, Ruth J1202 Bindra, Simren Gr: 6 Hydroelectricity: Reclaiming Water in J1210 Lee, Caris Gr: 7 Cities to Generate Electricity Morua, Lily Gr: 7 S: Chandler School Dirty Water Go Down the Drain! Which D: Independent Charcoal Leads to the Cleanest Water? C: Newman, J.J. S: St. Timothy School D: Arch. of Los Angeles J1203 Cornejo, Icahlyn Gr: 8 C: Novak, Christy Effects of Plant Growth Under Different Light Spectra J1211 Qazi, Amaan Gr: 8 S: Sun Valley Magnet School (Junior Drink Up! Should I? Does the Median Division) Household Income of LA County Cities’ D: LAUSD Parks Affect the Quality of Water in the C: Greene, Stephanie Park’s Water Fountains? S: Al-Huda Islamic School J1204 Entabi, Rashad Gr: 7 D: Hawthorne C: Alshanableh, Rula Testing Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Different Cars After a Run Time of Five Minutes J1212 Singh, Alisha Gr: 8 S: New Horizon School How Does Climate Change Affect the D: PUSD Condition of Different Types of Water? C: Satya, Kavitha S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Magnet J1205 Frederick, Brooke Gr: 8 D: LAUSD C: Ramirez, Joanne What Oil Cleanup Method is Most Effective? J1213 Zamora, Faye Gr: 7 S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Magnet Purifying Household Air: Which Plant is D: LAUSD Most Effective? C: Ramirez, Joanne S: St. Timothy School D: Arch. of Los Angeles J1206 Gerety, Grayson Gr: 8 C: Novak, Christy Worm Power: How Does It Affect Plant Growth? S: St. Timothy School D: Arch. of Los Angeles C: Novak, Christy

J1207 Ghasemi, Arman Gr: 8 Can Ferrofluids Help Clean Up Ocean Oil Spills? S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: LAUSD C: Gramajo, Ruth

J1208 Hasan, Kieden Gr: 8 Do Plants Affect Soil Erosion? S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Magnet D: LAUSD C: Ramirez, Joanne 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J13 • Materials Science - Jr

J1301 Curtis, Scarlet Gr: 7 J1309 Ramli, Zackary Gr: 8 Is it Possible to Improve Upon the Thermal Conductivity In Metals Effectiveness of the Zeer Pot? S: New Dimensions S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: Ontario/Montclair D: LAUSD C: Alghaswyneh, Sawsan C: Gramajo, Ruth J1310 Rashid, Afrida Gr: 7 J1302 Dymtrow, Deacon Gr: 7 Testing the Effectiveness of Different A Case of Rope Burn Natural Antacids Vs. Prescription S: St. Timothy School Nexium in Neutralizing Stomach Acid D: Arch. of Los Angeles S: New Horizon School C: Novak, Christy D: PUSD C: Satya, Kavitha J1303 Erbay, Lale Gr: 8 The Might of Bioplastic J1311 Shaheed, Nusaiba Gr: 7 S: Archer School for Girls Which Type of Balloon Lasts Longest? D: 4 S: New Dimensions C: Hannibal, Katherine D: Ontario/Montclair C: Alghaswyneh, Sawsan J1304 Floyd, Hayden Gr: 7 En Pointe J1312 Zahid, Maryam Gr: 7 S: American Martyrs School Let's Crack It! D: Diocese of Los Angeles S: Al-Huda Islamic School C: McCorkle, Sarah D: Hawthorne C: Alshanableh, Rula J1305 Friedl, Clara Gr: 7 The Heat is On S: St. Monica Academy D: Glendale Unified School District C: Ghandhi, Sorab

J1306 Ghazarian, Ella Gr: 8 Shampoo Wars: My Battle with Greasy Hair S: Chamlian Armenian School D: glendale C: Gevorkian, Lida

J1307 Goodheart, Noah Gr: 7 Is It Worth Spending More Money For Premium Fishing Line? S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Magnet D: LAUSD C: Ramirez, Joanne

J1308 Lee, Kasey Gr: 7 What Materials Block Out Electromagnetic Signals? S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Magnet D: LAUSD C: Ramirez, Joanne 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR J14 - Mathematics & Computer Sciences - Jr. J15 - Microbiology - Jr. J16 - Pharmacology - Jr

J1401 Bangayan, Anthony Gr: 6 J1505 Lee, Kate Gr: 8 Probable Properties: What is the Most Which Commonly Touched Surfaces Landed on Monopoly Space? Contain the Most Bacteria? S: Chaminade College Preparatory S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Middle School Magnet D: 5 D: LAUSD C: Eckley, Catherine C: Ramirez, Joanne

J1402 Gonzalez , Phillip Gr: 6 J1506 Ting, James Gr: 6 Project Math 12 Who Ya Gonna Call? Germbusters! S: Pomona Unified School District S: St. Timothy School Junior Division D: Arch. of Los Angeles D: Pomona Unified School District C: Novak, Christy C: Gardea, Bridget J1601 Baligh, Samer Gr: 7 J1403 Rocha, Maia Gr: 8 The Effect of Bleach and Isopropyl Using Computer Vision to Detect Mask Alcohol on My Blood Usage in Major U.S. Cities and its wS: Ne Horizon School Effect on Cases of Coronavirus D: PUSD S: American Martyrs School C: Satya, Kavitha D: Diocese of Los Angeles C: McCorkle, Sarah J1602 Caratay, Aaron Gr: 7 Which Medicine Relieves Pain and J1404 Terani, Amelia Gr: 8 Fever Faster? Can Google Trends Be an Effective S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Tool to Help Predict Unemployment Magnet Rates? D: LAUSD S: Archer School for Girls C: Ramirez, Joanne D: 4 C: Hannibal, Katherine

J1501 Baghdassarian, George Gr: 7 Can UV Light Kill Bacteria In Water S: Chamlian Armenian School D: glendale C: Gevorkian, Lida

J1502 Bahm, Aiden Gr: 7 The Comparison of Fruits in the Fridge and on the Table S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School D: Garvey School District C: Tang-Quick, Teresa

J1503 Chiu, Kyle Gr: 8 Preserving Lemons to Their Limit S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School D: Garvey School District C: Tang-Quick, Teresa

J1504 Elad, Arieh Gr: 7 May The Best Disinfectant Win S: Pressman Academy D: Private C: Hartung, Eric 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR J17 - Physics - Aerodynamics/Hydrodynamics - Jr. J18 - Physics - Electricity & Magnetism - Jr

J1701 Capalad, Chloe Gr: 8 J1802 Khalatyan, Tori Gr: 6 Garcia, Roselle Gr: 8 Wire Not Turn Down the Lights? Gummy Bears! S: Walter Reed Middle School S: Holy Angels School D: Los Angeles Unified School District D: LA Archdiocese C: Sofio, Joyann C: Kepski, Erica J1803 Koduri, Juhitha Gr: 7 J1702 Kruger, Donovan Gr: 6 Magnetless Electric Motor Will Temperature Affect a Tennis Ball’s S: Royal Oak Middle School Bounce? D: 626-966-8331 S: Beverly Vista Middle School C: Mancilla, Robert D: Beverly Hills Unified School District C: Throeson, Samantha J1804 Minassian, Sebastian Gr: 8 Electrolyte Challenge: Orange Juice Vs. J1703 Larson, Ava Gr: 8 Sport Drinks 3...2...1...Liftoff! S: Chamlian Armenian School S: American Martyrs School D: glendale D: Diocese of Los Angeles C: Gevorkian, Lida C: McCorkle, Sarah J1805 Petrossian, Serj Gr: 8 J1704 Matise, Zach Gr: 6 What is The Relationship Between How Safety First - Airbags, Water Bags, Jello Well Different Magnet Strengths Can Bags Hold Weight? S: St. Timothy School S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: Arch. of Los Angeles D: LAUSD C: Novak, Christy C: Gramajo, Ruth

J1705 Peng, Liuyi (Coco) Gr: 8 J1806 Ruiz, Ivann Gr: 8 Liang, Sandra Gr: 8 Testing Power and Length of AA Wong, Kwan Ho Gr: 8 Batteries Do Boats Have to Be Rectangular? S: Montebello Intermediate S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School D: Montebello D: Garvey School District C: Aragon, Karina C: Tang-Quick, Teresa J1807 Sy, James Derick Gr: 8 J1706 Stefanini, Daniel Gr: 8 What's Up with Floating Magnets? Wind and Lift S: Ross Academy of Creative and S: St. Monica Academy Media Arts Middle School D: Glendale Unified School District D: ABC Unified School District C: Ghandhi, Sorab C: Espinoza, Oscar

J1707 Tang, Ethan Gr: 7 J1808 Tang, Nathan Gr: 8 Which Type of Paper Helps Paper Fly Do More Coils Generate More the Farthest? Electricity? S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School D: Garvey School District D: Garvey School District C: Tang-Quick, Teresa C: Tang-Quick, Teresa

J1801 Abdul Qadeer, Zahid Gr: 8 The Dangling Manget S: New Dimensions D: Ontario/Montclair C: Alghaswyneh, Sawsan 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J19 • Physics - General - Jr

J1901 Derbabian, Kami Gr: 7 How Does the Pull-back Angle of a Catapult Affect the Trajectory of the Ball? S: Chamlian Armenian School D: glendale C: Gevorkian, Lida

J1902 Li, Steven Gr: 7 Chen, Xihua Gr: 7 Pulley Comparison S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School D: Garvey School District C: Tang-Quick, Teresa

J1903 Liao, Hansen Gr: 6 Wheels of Speed! S: Chandler School D: Independent C: Newman, J.J.

J1904 Lim, Yuha Gr: 7 How Does Distillation Affect The pH Level of Different Types of Water? S: Rudecinda Sepulveda Dodson Gifted/HA Magnet MS D: LAUSD C: Aki, Teresa

J1905 Manuel, Daniel Peter Gr: 7 Which Bottle Shape Illuminates the Most Light? S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Magnet D: LAUSD C: Ramirez, Joanne

J1906 Nguyen, Dallin Gr: 8 OperVAtion: Observations in Evaporation S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School D: Garvey School District C: Tang-Quick, Teresa

J1907 Park, Lauren Gr: 6 Tortoise and the Hare S: Walter Reed Middle School D: Los Angeles Unified School District C: Sofio, Joyann

J1908 von Krogh, Charles Gr: 6 Bam -Du -Tss S: St. Timothy School D: Arch. of Los Angeles C: Novak, Christy 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J20 • Plant Biology & Physiology - Jr

J2001 Abdo , Aidah Gr: 7 J2009 Iglesias, Aiden Gr: 7 J2017 Reisner, Spencer Gr: 6 The Effect of Shrimp Carapace Powder Tomato Plants with Different Types of Effects of Salinity On the Growth of and Different Orientations on Sweet Water Chlorella vulgaris Algae Pea Plants (Lathyrus odoratus) S: Royal Oak Middle School S: Homeschool S: New Horizon School D: 626-966-8331 D: LAUSD D: PUSD C: Mancilla, Robert C: Drayus, Frankie C: Satya, Kavitha J2010 Kushner, Remy Gr: 8 J2018 Roy , Joya Gr: 7 J2002 Abdul-Qadeer, Mumin Gr: 6 The Effect of Ferrous Sulfate on the Stressed Onions and Caffeine Will Rain Sounds Affect Plants Growth of Phytoplankton S: Harvard-Westlake School S: New Dimensions S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: District 4 D: Ontario/Montclair D: LAUSD C: Reed, Tripp C: Alghaswyneh, Sawsan C: Gramajo, Ruth J2019 Sexton, Sophie Gr: 8 J2003 Ali, Samiya Gr: 7 J2011 Mader, Addison Gr: 8 Comparing Moisture Content in Native Plant Light Maze Vinciquerra, Olivia Gr: 8 and Non-native Plants in Southern S: New Dimensions Marigolds: The Solution to Polution California D: Ontario/Montclair S: American Martyrs School S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet C: Alghaswyneh, Sawsan D: Diocese of Los Angeles D: LAUSD C: McCorkle, Sarah C: Gramajo, Ruth J2004 Bholat, Ashalina Gr: 6 Organic Vs. Non Organic J2012 Medina Gonzalez, Alvaro Gr: 8 J2020 Williams, Alina Gr: 8 S: Al-Huda Islamic School Plant Growth The Magnetic Field Environment, Good D: Hawthorne S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School or Bad for Plants? C: Alshanableh, Rula D: Garvey School District S: Archer School for Girls C: Tang-Quick, Teresa D: 4 J2005 Duenas, Audrey Gr: 6 C: Hannibal, Katherine Garay, Daisy Gr: 6 J2013 Nasir, Isam Gr: 8 Which Pea Plant Will Grow Faster? "Dye" Candy! Dye! J2021 Xu, Phoebe Gr: 8 S: Pomona Unified School District S: Al-Huda Islamic School How Do Ultrasonic Waves Affect the Junior Division D: Hawthorne Beginning Stages of Growth of a Tiny D: Pomona Unified School District C: Alshanableh, Rula Tim Tomato Plant? C: Gardea, Bridget S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: LAUSD J2014 Oppong, Michelle Gr: 7 C: Gramajo, Ruth J2006 Entabi, Adam Gr: 6 The Effect of Electric and Magnetic Testing if Cow, Horse, or Chicken Fields (EMFs) on Tomato Plant Growth Manure Will Help Grow Baby Kale the J2022 Xu, Ziqing Gr: 8 S: Marlborough nZhu, Yi (Judy) Gr: 8 Fastest D: N/A S: New Horizon School C: Salzburg, Maxime Does Music Affect Plant Growth? D: PUSD S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School C: Satya, Kavitha J2015 Patel, Isha Gr: 7 D: Garvey School District C: Tang-Quick, Teresa Wouldn’t It Be Great to Figure Out a J2007 Gupta, Ananya Gr: 7 Specific Wavelength of Light that Will Measuring the Impact of Chronic Air Grow Crops Faster? Pollution on Vegetable Growth and S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM Health Magnet S: Geffen Academy at UCLA MIDDLE D: LAUSD SCHOOL C: Ramirez, Joanne D: 3rd District C: Maymon, Maskit J2016 Phan, Andy Gr: 8 Plant Growth Under Different Colors of J2008 Handouqa, Ammar Gr: 7 Light Greenhouse Gases S: Richard Garvey Intermediate School S: New Dimensions D: Garvey School District D: Ontario/Montclair C: Tang-Quick, Teresa C: Alghaswyneh, Sawsan 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Junior Division J22 • Product Science - Jr

J2201 Abdikarim, Menal Gr: 7 J2209 Rojas, Katheryn Gr: 7 Fat in GMO vs. Organic Food Clorox Wipes vs. Total Home Wipes S: Al-Huda Islamic School S: Montebello Intermediate D: Hawthorne D: Montebello C: Alshanableh, Rula C: Aragon, Karina

J2202 Aftergood, Joshua Gr: 7 J2210 Shamamian, Lillian Gr: 8 Comparison of Baseball Bats Testing the Performance of Different S: Pressman Academy Face Masks D: Private S: Chamlian Armenian School C: Hartung, Eric D: glendale C: Gevorkian, Lida J2203 Caras, Julianne Gr: 7 Zieger, Nicola Gr: 7 J2211 Shaw, Gabriel Gr: 6 Macaron Feet Matter What Size of Bubble Wrap is The Best S: American Martyrs School for Cushioning Mass? D: Diocese of Los Angeles S: Chandler School C: McCorkle, Sarah D: Independent C: Newman, J.J. J2204 Cho, Hana Gr: 6 The Effect of Microwave Power Levels J2212 Singhal, Yash Gr: 8 and Popcorn Brand on Microwave Which Preservation Method is the Best Popcorn “Pop-ability” for Fruit? S: Archer School for Girls S: Hale Charter Academy STEAM D: 4 Magnet C: Hannibal, Katherine D: LAUSD C: Ramirez, Joanne J2205 Inal, Skye Gr: 7 Comparing the Effectiveness of J2213 Spivak, Sylvie Gr: 7 Different Types of Furnace Filters and Examining the Efficacy of SPF in Air Purifiers Makeup S: New Horizon School S: Marlborough D: PUSD D: N/A C: Satya, Kavitha C: Salzburg, Maxime

J2206 Mendez, Juan Gr: 8 J2214 Ting, Katherine Gr: 7 Gonzalez, Alexandra Gr: 8 To Mask Or Not To Mask Paper Towel Brand Test S: St. Timothy School S: Montebello Intermediate D: Arch. of Los Angeles D: Montebello C: Novak, Christy C: Aragon, Karina J2215 von Krogh, Henry Gr: 8 J2207 Newhall, Lev Gr: 7 Surfs Up How Does the Type of Paper Printed S: St. Timothy School Upon Affect Digital Color Identities and D: Arch. of Los Angeles Dimensions of Text Impressions? C: Novak, Christy S: Portola Highly Gifted Magnet D: LAUSD J2216 Wuebben, Francie Gr: 7 C: Gramajo, Ruth There's a Muffin in the Oven S: American Martyrs School J2208 Reed, Olivia Gr: 6 D: Diocese of Los Angeles Cake Pan Wars C: McCorkle, Sarah S: Walter Reed Middle School D: Los Angeles Unified School District C: Sofio, Joyann 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR S01 - Animal Biology - Sr S02 - Animal Physiology - Sr

S0101 Lin, Andrea Gr: 12 Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Activity of Hummingbirds S: Palos Verdes High School D: PVPUSD C: Munoz, Julie

S0102 Wang, Matthew Gr: 10 Effect of pH on Strobilation of Aurelia Aurita S: Flintridge Preparatory School D: independent C: Herman, David

S0201 Chehrzadeh, Sasha Gr: 11 Finding an Association Between Stenosis of Coronary Arteries and Carotid Arteries S: Palos Verdes High School D: PVPUSD C: Munoz, Julie

S0202 Cruz, Rhanya Gr: 11 Formulating Affordable Media to Culture the Tissue from Cuttlefish Eggs S: PVNet Education & Technology Center D: Independent C: Foster, Doug

S0203 Edler, Gabriela Gr: 10 Mapping Brain Pathways Using Open Source Data S: Notre Dame High School D: 4 C: Sanchez, Michelle May

S0204 Ganguly, Mohuli Gr: 9 Attaining Herd Immunity for SARS-CoV -2 S: La Salle College Preparatory D: Pasadena Unified C: Parga, Elizabeth 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S03 • Behavioral/Social Sciences - Sr

S0301 Agahsi, Angelica Gr: 12 S0308 Mikail-Almassian, Nareh Gr: 10 National Football League Positions with The Effect of Fruits on the Reaction of the Most Cases of Neurodegenerative Male vs. Female Drosophila Diseases Melanogaster S: Crescenta Valley High School S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian D: Glendale Unified School District School C: Tuason, Orenda D: private C: Mishler, Jacque S0302 Aviles, Stephanie Gr: 11 Is There a Correlation Between a S0309 Munro, Audrey Gr: 10 Family's Household Income and Their Kresser, Lily Gr: 10 Carbon Footprint The Effects of Meditation on Stress, S: Marco Antonio Firebaugh High Anxiety, and Sleep School S: Palos Verdes High School D: Lynwood Unified School District D: PVPUSD C: Sciaroni, Linda C: Munoz, Julie

S0303 Fereydooni, Sarina Gr: 11 S0310 Wu, Ruby Gr: 11 Factors of High Prescriptions The Effectiveness of ReCODE in S: Granada Hills Charter High School Reversing Alzheimer's Symptoms D: Independent charter S: Diamond Bar High School C: Chipps, Jeanette D: Walnut Valley Unified School District C: Burns, Jennifer S0304 Guthrie, Alec Gr: 11 The Effects of Corruption on Teens' Contributions to the Public Good and the Fight Against COVID-19 S: Flintridge Preparatory School D: independent C: Herman, David

S0305 Kouzouian, Misak Gr: 9 A Fruit Fly's Color Preference Throughout Different Times of Day S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School D: private C: Mishler, Jacque

S0306 Loewner, Sophie Gr: 10 Establishing a Protocol for Tracking Snail Movement S: PVNet Education & Technology Center D: Independent C: Foster, Doug

S0307 Magdaleno, Andrea Gr: 12 Among High School Students, How Do Gender and Age Correlate with Face Mask Wearing During the Pandemic? S: John Muir High School D: Pasadena Unified School District C: Oliu, Susana 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S04 • Biochemistry & Molecular Biology - Sr

S0401 Apostol, Jason Gr: 12 S0408 Narayanan, Saadhvi Gr: 11 Refined Genome-wide Prediction of Modeling the Knockout of Coronavirus Transgenerational Epimutations and an -19 Spike Protein Contact Sites on Ensemble-based Solution to the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 Using Imbalanced Class Problem in CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Epigenetics S: Whitney High School S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School D: ABC Unified School District D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified C: Song, Nitta School District C: Klose, Melissa Grace S0409 Qin, Melissa Gr: 12 Translational Reprogramming by S0402 Breckow, Neil Gr: 11 Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Frameshift The Effects of Smoke and Ash on the Sites using In Vitro Frameshift Assay Composition and Flavor of Grape S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School Beverages D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified S: Crescenta Valley High School School District D: Glendale Unified School District C: Klose, Melissa Grace C: Tuason, Orenda S0410 Roointan, Mantra Gr: 11 S0403 Chou, Kian Gr: 10 Determining the Most Effective COMT Chou, Kian Gr: 10 Inhibitor for Parkinson’s Disease Coronavirus' Tradeoff Between Treatment using Molecular Docking Virulence and Contagiousness S: Crescenta Valley High School S: Walnut High School D: Glendale Unified School District D: Walnut Valley Unified School District C: Tuason, Orenda C: Lim, Garrett S0411 Timm, Asha Gr: 11 S0404 Hovsepian, Vincent Gr: 9 The Effect of Human Blood Type on Hitting the Target Body Temperature S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian S: Palos Verdes High School School D: PVPUSD D: private C: Munoz, Julie C: Mishler, Jacque S0412 Yoon, Seon-Jae Gr: 11 S0405 Kim, Marie Gr: 11 Identifying a Therapeutic Gene Target Using Transcription Factors to in Metastatic Melanoma using R and Reprogram Blood Cells into Liver Cells Molecular Modeling S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School S: Crescenta Valley High School D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified D: Glendale Unified School District School District C: Tuason, Orenda C: Klose, Melissa Grace S0413 Zu, Eileen Gr: 11 S0406 Ling, Faith Gr: 10 The Effectiveness of Nicotinamide He, Phoenix Gr: 10 Mononucleotide as an Anti-Aging A Computational Evaluation of Supplement Influenza Virility in Irradiated S: Diamond Bar High School Environments D: Walnut Valley Unified School District S: Temple City High School C: Burns, Jennifer D: Temple City Unified School District C: Hwang, AnnMarie

S0407 Miller, Thalia Gr: 11 Effec t of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes on Rheumatoid Arthritis S: Crescenta Valley High School D: Glendale Unified School District C: Tuason, Orenda 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S05 • Chemistry - Sr

S0501 Hasnah, George Gr: 10 Removal of Microplastics from Watery Environments with 3D Printed Filters S: Cabrillo Marine Aquarium D: City of Los Angeles C: Carrillo, Andres

S0502 Kasparian, Keghon Gr: 10 Lowering the Rate of Combustion with Calcium Carbonate S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School D: private C: Mishler, Jacque

S0503 Papazian, Goryune Gr: 9 Maximum Electrolytes S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School D: private C: Mishler, Jacque

S0504 Shofet, Odelia Gr: 9 Cohen, Rachel Gr: 9 Kashani, Leila Gr: 9 How Do the Different pH Levels of Compost Affect the Germination of Snap-Peas? S: Beverly Hills High School D: Beverly Hills Unified School District C: Seemann, Dustin

S0505 Vedula, Kameswari Gr: 12 Sabat, Lalita Gr: 12 Ravishankar, Aashraya Gr: 12 GMO vs. Organic Foods: Analysis of Pesticide Levels S: Whitney High School D: ABC Unified School District C: Song, Nitta

S0506 Zhao, Aaron Gr: 12 A Stereochemical and Thermodynamic Analysis of Metal Chelators on Biometal Level Regulation in the Brain to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease S: Harvard-Westlake School (Senior Division) D: Independent / private C: Reed, Tripp 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR S06 - Earth / Space Sciences - Sr S07 - Ecology - Sr

S0601 Martinez, Camilla Gr: 11 Temperatures from the Tropical Pacific over the Miocene-Pleistocene as Determined by Clumped Isotope Paleothermometry S: North Hollywood High School D: Los Angeles Unified C: Espinosa, Elise

S0602 McGinity, Erin Gr: 11 Comparison of Growth and Vitamin Values of Carrot Varietals Grown in Martian Regolith Simulant S: Vistamar School D: Independent C: Tabata, Shanon

S0603 Wang, Jason Gr: 10 Polar Vortex and Long Duration Events: Climate Change in the Upper Midwest and Canada S: Walnut High School D: Walnut Valley Unified School District C: Lim, Garrett

S0701 Cao, Sarah Gr: 11 Analysis and Predictions: The Spread of Invasive Plant Species in Relation to Environmental Factors in the Los Angeles Area S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District C: Klose, Melissa Grace

S0702 Khatibi Garrity, Aurora Gr: 12 The Effects of COVID-19 on Native Habitat Restoration by Volunteers S: Palos Verdes High School D: PVPUSD C: Munoz, Julie

S0703 Liu, Jereth Gr: 10 Big Data Analysis of California Wildfires S: Geffen Academy High School D: 3 C: Ashforth, Elizabeth I

S0704 Sivakumar, Ashwin Gr: 11 Pleistocene Fossils Reveal Long-term Continuity in Niche Occupancy of Meleagris in California S: Flintridge Preparatory School D: independent C: Herman, David 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S08 • Engineering Applications - Sr

S0801 Acuna, Victor Gr: 11 S0808 Fong, Sarah Gr: 10 S0815 Miyajima, Michael Gr: 11 Lend A Helping Hand The Vehicle Exhaust Purifier VAMAD - Computer Vision Assisted S: Marco Antonio Firebaugh High S: Saint Anthony High School Memory Assistant Device School D: Diocese of Los Angeles S: Harvard-Westlake School (Senior D: Lynwood Unified School District C: Robinson, Kim Division) C: Sciaroni, Linda D: Independent / private S0809 He, Vivien Gr: 11 C: Reed, Tripp S0802 Ali, Sarah Gr: 11 A Consumer Internet-of-Things Device Devchoudhury, Trisha Gr: 11 for On-Site and Regional Earthquake S0816 Parikh, Simren Gr: 11 AmaZng Hydrogel Early Warning Hydrocolloid Based Non Invasive S: Granada Hills Charter High School S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School External Stitches Year 2Hydrocolloid D: Independent charter D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified Based Non Invasive External Stitches C: Chipps, Jeanette School District Year 2 C: Klose, Melissa Grace S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified S0803 Andrade, Chris Gr: 12 School District How to Modify the Foundation of S0810 Huang, William Gr: 10 C: Klose, Melissa Grace Homes to Withstand Catastrophic Enhancing the Bionic Eye: A Real-Time Earthquakes Image Optimization Framework to Encode Color and Spatial Information S0817 Prajapati, Abhi Gr: 10 S: John Muir High School Vempati, Vamsi Gr: 10 D: Pasadena Unified School District into Retinal Prostheses C: Oliu, Susana S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School Air Quality Sensor D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified S: Whitney High School School District S0804 Champion, Katie Gr: 11 D: ABC Unified School District C: Klose, Melissa Grace C: Song, Nitta Semi-autonomous Collision Avoidance System for Powered Wheelchairs S0811 Lew, Jennifer Gr: 11 S0818 Rasmussen, Vale Gr: 11 S: Vistamar School SafeBuild: Risk-Based Analysis of D: Independent Enhancing Performance and Overhead Electric Distribution Facilities- C: Tabata, Shanon Sustainability of Firefighting Aircraft in Year 2 the Era of Wildfires Fueled by Global S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School Warming S0805 Chung, Ka Po Gr: 11 D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified S: Buckley School Developing and Evaluating Three School District D: Private Machine Learning Models to Detect C: Klose, Melissa Grace C: Gonzalez-Serricchio, Aidyl Cardiovascular Diseases Through Heart Sound Classification S0812 Maemoto, David Gr: 11 S0819 Tempereau, Andreas Gr: 10 S: Homeschool #1 - Webb D: 1 Summitview in the Skies: Comparative Designing and Creating a Commercial Analysis of Unmanned Autonomous C: Chung, Chun Kit Fuel Pump Drone Designs for the Future of S: Palos Verdes High School Environmental Engineering S0806 Dakessian, Nareh Gr: 9 D: PVPUSD S: Palos Verdes High School C: Munoz, Julie Creating a Simple Motor D: PVPUSD C: Munoz, Julie S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian S0820 Wang, Andy Gr: 10 School Posture Detection With Machine D: private S0813 Mei, Larry Gr: 10 C: Mishler, Jacque Learning The Predicted Effects of Flying Cars S: Whitney High School (EVOLs) on Climate Change S0807 Demetriades, Anastasia Gr: 11 D: ABC Unified School District S: Diamond Bar High School C: Song, Nitta D: Walnut Valley Unified School District Demetriades, Katarina Gr: 10 C: Burns, Jennifer Demetriades, Alexandra Gr: 11 S0814 Melik-Abramians, Zareh Gr: 10 WonderBlades: A Case for Bulk Metallic Ter-Hovhannisyan, Grant Gr: 10 Glass Coatings Replacing Plastic Razorblades Using Thermoelectric Generators as a Source of Green Energy S: Kairos Prep Academy D: 3 S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian C: Park, David School D: private C: Mishler, Jacque 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S09 • Engineering Research - Sr

S0901 Hou, Daniel (Ziyue) Gr: 9 Comparison of Recent and Future Mars Missions S: Diamond Bar High School D: Walnut Valley Unified School District C: Burns, Jennifer

S0902 Kenderian, Aram Gr: 9 Characterization of Ultrasonic Waves in Different Materials S: AESA STEM Academy D: Fifth C: Juharyan, Sona

S0903 Kuo, Ryan Gr: 11 Shell, Samantha Gr: 11 Wu, Nicholas Gr: 11 The pH-ilter S: La Canada High School D: La Canada USD C: Marcoullier, Amy

S0904 Lee, Audrey Gr: 12 The Effect of Meteorological Parameters on Bluetooth Low Energy Signals: A Quantitative Study of the Received Signal Strength Indicator S: Mira Costa High School D: Manhattan Beach Unified School District C: Weaver, Leanne

S0905 Wang, Yikun Gr: 11 Comparison and Simulation of Mechanical Properties of Modern Aviation Materials S: La Canada High School D: La Canada USD C: Marcoullier, Amy

S0906 Wong, Ethan Gr: 11 Proverse Yaw Characteristics of a Powered Blended Wing Body Aircraft of a Novel Design and Manufacture S: Arcadia High School D: Arcadia Unified School District C: Munoz, Jorge 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S10 • Environmental Management - Sr

S1001 Gonzalez, America Gr: 11 Will Plastic Mixed with Organic Material Have an Impact on Plastic Decomposing? S: Sun Valley Magnet School (Sr. Division) D: LAUSD C: Greene, Stephanie

S1002 Han, John Gr: 10 The Correlation Between Natural Disasters and Climate Change S: Diamond Bar High School D: Walnut Valley Unified School District C: Burns, Jennifer

S1003 Liu, ZhenTing Gr: 11 Plant-Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell Based Water Remediation Model S: La Salle College Preparatory D: Pasadena Unified C: Parga, Elizabeth

S1004 Maemoto, Abigail Gr: 12 Identifying the Optimal Ratio of Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium in Fertilizer to Maximize Oil-Eating Microbe Growth for the Breakdown of Crude Oil S: Palos Verdes High School D: PVPUSD C: Munoz, Julie

S1005 Michaelson, Diana Gr: 10 Pisaster Ochraceus (Ochre “purple” Seastar) mucus as an Anti-fouling Substance S: Cabrillo Marine Aquarium D: City of Los Angeles C: Carrillo, Andres

S1006 Pambukhchyan, Marta Gr: 10 Leachate-Filtering Efficacy of Varied Liners S: Crescenta Valley High School D: Glendale Unified School District C: Tuason, Orenda

S1007 Park, Serah Gr: 11 Effect of pH on Heavy Metal Biosorption by Immobilized Chlorella Vulgaris S: Cabrillo Marine Aquarium D: City of Los Angeles C: Carrillo, Andres 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S11 • Mathematics & Computer Sciences - Sr

S1101 Agrawal, Yashvi Gr: 11 S1108 Park, David Gr: 11 The MedBud App Hayasaka - A Versatile and S: Granada Hills Charter High School Expandable Home Voice Assistant D: Independent charter Powered by Artificial Intelligence C: Chipps, Jeanette S: Whitney High School D: ABC Unified School District S1102 Chang, Aaron Gr: 11 C: Song, Nitta An Automated Approach to Segment Optical Lesions Using Deep S1109 Sun, Pierre Gr: 10 Convolutional Neural Networks ECG Classification S: Arcadia High School S: Homeschool #2 - Webb D: Arcadia Unified School District D: First district C: Munoz, Jorge C: Li, Jun

S1103 Chow, Jenna Gr: 10 BerthaBot: An Artificial Intelligence Virtual Teaching Assistant S: Palos Verdes High School D: PVPUSD C: Munoz, Julie

S1104 Garg, Aksh Gr: 12 COV-AID: An Efficient and Interpretable Machine Learning Ensemble for COVID -19 Diagnosis, Prognosis, Abnormality Localization, and Severity Assessment S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District C: Klose, Melissa Grace

S1105 Huang, Amy Gr: 12 High Frequency Oscillations as a Potential Biomarker for Epileptogenesis in Traumatic Brian Injury Patients: A Translational Approach S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District C: Klose, Melissa Grace

S1106 Jiang, Fiona Gr: 11 Characterizing Decades of Technological Advances with Graph Neural Networks: An Innovation Network Perspective S: Homeschool #3 - Webb D: 1 C: Li, Junxia

S1107 Lee, Aaron Gr: 11 A Novel Mobile-Device Screening Method for Onset Stroke: Using a Convolutional Neural Network Scheme for Rapid Speech and Facial Analysis S: Flintridge Preparatory School D: independent C: Herman, David 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR S12 - Microbiology - Sr S13 - Pharmacology - Sr

S1201 Brandt, Nolan Gr: 12 S1302 Demirjie, Talin Gr: 11 Wiederkehr, Phillipe Gr: 12 Ahmad, Rumaysa Gr: 11 Feasibility of Styrofoam Biodegradation Determining the Effects of by Tenebrio molitor Gut Bacteria Organophosphate Pesticides on S: Palos Verdes High School Enzymatic Functions of Corn Plants D: PVPUSD and the Impacts on Global C: Munoz, Julie Consumption S: Granada Hills Charter High School D: Independent charter S1202 Choi, Yeonji Gr: 12 C: Chipps, Jeanette Effect of pH on the Concentration of Fucoxanthin in Isochrysis Galbana (Year 2) S1303 Srivatsav, Amrutha Gr: 11 S: Cabrillo Marine Aquarium In Silico High Throughput Identification D: City of Los Angeles of Novel Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation C: Carrillo, Andres Inhibitors for Parkinson's Disease Treatments S1203 Daciuk, Renee Gr: 10 S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified The Relationship Between the School District Administration of a Matched Vaccine C: Klose, Melissa Grace and the Number of Descendant Strains of Influenza H3N2 S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District C: Klose, Melissa Grace

S1204 Lin, Mark Gr: 9 Sine or Square? Observing the Effects of Different Sound Waves on Arthrospira platensis S: Palos Verdes High School D: PVPUSD C: Munoz, Julie

S1205 Norden, Max Gr: 9 Fungal Fabrics: A Study on the Tensile Strength of Mycelium Grown through Various Substrates. S: Harvard-Westlake School (Senior Division) D: Independent / private C: Reed, Tripp

S1206 Rose, Anya Gr: 10 Bougdanos, Sarah Gr: 10 The Effect of SA:V and Shape on Percent Diffusion S: Flintridge Preparatory School D: independent C: Herman, David

S1301 Arunachalam, Mahesh Gr: 9 Roy, Debayon Gr: 9 Developing a Prevention Method for Inflammation Induced Organ Damage Through Targeted Vitamin D Delivery? S: Crescenta Valley High School D: Glendale Unified School District C: Tuason, Orenda 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S14 • Physics - Sr

S1401 Anand, Akash Gr: 11 S1408 Shakaryan, Daniel Gr: 9 Optimization of Phased Array Antenna Investigating Newton’s Second Law of Systems for 3D Surfaces Motion Using a Centripetal Force S: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School Apparatus D: Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified S: AESA STEM Academy School District D: Fifth C: Klose, Melissa Grace C: Juharyan, Sona

S1402 Belzberg, Daniel Gr: 12 Kim, S1409 Shamoyan, Michael Gr: 9 Beom Joon (John) Gr: 12 Circular Error Probability Dheeriya, Kapilaksha Gr: 12 S: AESA STEM Academy Feasibility of Using a Cloud Chamber D: Fifth Particle Detector and a Spatially C: Juharyan, Sona Varying Magnetic Field to Ascertain the Muon’s Magnetic Moment S1410 Simitian, Daron Gr: 9 S: Palos Verdes High School Which Sunglass Lenses Offer Best D: PVPUSD Protection Against Ultraviolet Light C: Munoz, Julie S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School S1403 Fatehmanesh, Sam Gr: 10 D: Private Methods for Optimization of Neural C: Mishler, Jacque Networks for Signal Detection in LHC Data S1411 Zhang, Harrison Gr: 11 S: North Hollywood High School May, Kimberly Gr: 10 D: Los Angeles Unified Novel Computational and Theoretical C: Espinosa, Elise Analysis of High Efficiency DSSCs S: Temple City High School S1404 He, Ziting Gr: 11 D: Temple City Unified School District C: Hwang, AnnMarie Research on Evaporative Cooling of Liquid in Container S: South Hills Academy D: West Covina Unified School District C: Zhang, Roxie

S1405 Karabetian, Sophia Gr: 9 Manvelian, Marina Gr: 9 Absorption of Radiant Energy by Different Colors S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School D: private C: Mishler, Jacque

S1406 Matuszewska, Klara Gr: 12 Monitoring Flux Density of Jupiter's Synchrotron Radiation S: AESA STEM Academy D: Fifth C: Juharyan, Sona

S1407 Melelian, Manoug Gr: 10 What Materials Can Hinder a WiFi Signal the Most S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School D: Private C: Mishler, Jacque 2021 LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENCE FAIR Senior Division S15 • Plant Biology & Physiology - Sr

S1501 Chen, Maylin Gr: 9 S1508 Segar, Mia Gr: 10 The pH Regulatory Capacities of Pinto Hydroponic versus Soil Planting: What Beans Grows Better Broccoli Plants? S: Flintridge Preparatory School S: Saint Anthony High School D: independent D: Diocese of Los Angeles C: Herman, David C: Robinson, Kim

S1502 Chung, Michelle Gr: 9 S1509 Shirikchian, Gary Gr: 10 Identification and Characterization of The Effects of Hydroponic Agricultural Minerals that Inhibit or Promote Seed Methods on the Growth of Plants Germination S: Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian S: Crescenta Valley High School School D: Glendale Unified School District D: private C: Tuason, Orenda C: Mishler, Jacque

S1503 Gonzalez, Crespin Gr: 9 Do Plants Grow Differently When Grown in Different Soils? S: John Muir High School D: Pasadena Unified School District C: Oliu, Susana

S1504 Hwang, Elyse Gr: 10 Factors Affecting Seed Germination and Root Growth S: La Canada High School D: La Canada USD C: Marcoullier, Amy

S1505 Keller, Sarah Gr: 9 An Exploration of Hydroponics- Comparing the Growth of Papaver, Brassicaceae, and Pisum sativum in Hydroponic and Soil Environments S: Palos Verdes High School D: PVPUSD C: Munoz, Julie

S1506 Kim, Andrew Gr: 10 Siou, Conner Gr: 10 The Effect of Phosphorus and Temperature on Chlorella Vulgaris S: Flintridge Preparatory School D: independent C: Herman, David

S1507 Pambukhchyan, Eliza Gr: 11 Proliferating The Lifespan of Raphanus sativus, Brassica ruvo, and Lepidium sativum Plants In Drought Conditions When Treated With a Homemade Compost S: Crescenta Valley High School D: Glendale Unified School District C: Tuason, Orenda Get Involved!! Join the Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair Advisory Committee

Many minds collaborating always means a more diverse and creative fair for the students we are honoring. Experience an in-depth look at the technical details, quality and presentation styles of truly excellent projects to bring back to your own students. Widen your circle of colleagues from business and industry professionals to informal science educators to college, public and private administrators and teachers. Light dinner, refreshments and great conversations during all in person meetings.

Partial List of Committees: Meeting Dates & Times

• Volunteers During the pandemic, meetings were • Facilities held one Monday a month from 7:00 – • Workshops 8:30/9:00 pm virtually via Zoom. • Judging • Fundraising When we are in person, meetings are • Special Awards generally held one Monday a month • Project Screening from 5:30 – 7:30 pm in Pasadena. • Interactive Exhibits There are many tasks that can be • ISEF Affiliation completed from the comfort of your • Science Review Committee home, office, or school at your (Project Pre-Approvals) convenience. Attendance at monthly meetings is not mandatory but highly encouraged!

The Los Angeles County Science & Engineering Fair is longest running Fair west of the Mississippi River! To sustain this effort and continue to provide the Fair for students of LA County, we need to add more members to our committee.

Please consider how you can help! For more information, contact Nishat Alikhan, President [email protected]