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Bg119900.Pdf From the Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Society Pages from 2001, Vol. 119 © The Society and the Author(s) TRANSACTIONS of the BRISTOL AND GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY for 2001 EDITED BY JOHN JURˇ ICA VOLUME 119 ISBN 0 900197 55 2 ISSN 0068–1032 Contents PAGE Abstracts of Papers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 From Bristol and Gloucestershire to Greece and Turkey. By P.M. Warren (Presidential Address, 2000) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 The Landscape Archaeology of the Lydney Level, Gloucestershire: natural and human transformations over the last two millennia. By J.R.L. Allen ... ... ... ... ... ... 27 A Bronze-Age Burnt Mound at Sandy Lane, Charlton Kings, Gloucestershire: exca- vations in 1971. By Mark Leah and Christopher Young ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59 An Archaeological Assessment of Hailey Wood Camp, Sapperton, Gloucestershire: a Roman temple complex in the Cotswolds? By Thomas Moore ... ... ... ... ... 83 Excavations at Greyfriars, Gloucester, in 1967 and 1974–5. By I.M. Ferris ... ... ... 95 Aristocratic Poachers in the Forest of Dean: their methods, their quarry and their companions. By Jean Birrell ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 147 Martin Benson, Bishop of Gloucester. By John Fendley ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 155 NOTES A Romano-British Brooch from Pope’s Hill, Gloucestershire. By Julie Reynolds ... 177 A Medieval Lamp from Peter Street, Bristol. By Eric Boore ... ... ... ... ... ... 179 The Question of Hannah Moore’s Membership of the French Academy Resolved. By G.C. Boon and M.J. Crossley Evans ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 182 Archaeological Review No. 25. Edited by Jan Wills ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 185 Gloucestershire Record Office: Summary List of Documents received 2000–2001 ... 211 Reviews. Edited by Nicholas Herbert Henry Hurst (ed.), The Coloniae of Roman Britain: Papers of a Conference at Gloucester, 1997 (John Rhodes) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 221 Peter Leach and contributors, Great Witcombe Roman Villa: a report on excavations 1960–73 (Tim Copeland) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 222 John Rogan (ed.), Bristol Cathedral: History and Architecture (Peter Fleming) ... ... 223 David Large, The Municipal Government of Bristol 1851–1901; and Martin Gorsky, Patterns of Philanthropy: Charity and Society in Nineteenth-Century Bristol (Spencer Jordan) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 224 Recent Publications. Edited by Steven Blake ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 228 Society Notes. Edited by Steven Blake ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 236 Accounts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 242 Committee for Archaeology in Gloucestershire. Report by Julien Parsons ... ... ... 245 Obituary (Graham Webster) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 247 Index. Compiled by Susan Vaughan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 249 Authors of Papers J.R.L. ALLEN, F.S.A., F.R.S., is Professor Emeritus and a visiting professor in the University of Reading’s department of archaeology. His interests include the sedimentology and geoarchae- ology of estuarine environments and embanked coastal marshlands and his published writing many contributions to the Transactions. JEAN BIRRELL, M.A., is an honorary fellow of the Institute for Advanced Research in the Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Birmingham and has published several articles on hunting in the medieval forest. G.C. BOON, B.A., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S., F.R.N.S., a former president of the Cambrian Archaeol- ogical Association and of this Society, was editor of these Transactions from 1990 until his death in 1994. ERIC BOORE, B.Ed., is a part-time, free-lance archaeologist. His main interest is church archaeology, particularly post-medieval burial vaults M.J. CROSSLEY EVANS, J.P., B.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., F.G.S., a member of the Council of this Society, has been on the staff of the University of Bristol from 1984 and was awarded an M.B.E. in 2001 for his services to higher education. JOHN FENDLEY graduated in 1949 in the Oxford school of natural sciences and had a career, as a public official, in the administration of academic research. He has recently edited Bishop Benson’s survey of the diocese of Gloucester for the Society. I.M. FERRIS, B.A., M.I.F.A., is a director of Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit and a research fellow in the University’s department of ancient history and archaeology. MARK LEAH, B.A., M.I.F.A., formerly a project manager for Cotswold Archaeological Trust, has been an archaeological officer for Cheshire County Council since 1999. THOMAS MOORE, B.A., M.A., who has worked for the Cotswold Archaeological Trust, is a research student at the University of Durham, where he is studying Iron-Age settlement patterns in the Cotswolds and the Severn region. JULIE REYNOLDS, B.A., is the curatorial officer at the Roman Legionary Museum in Caerleon. P.M. WARREN, M.A., Ph.D., Dr. (h.c.), F.B.A., F.S.A., President of this Society for 2000–01, is Professor Emeritus and a senior research fellow of the University of Bristol. His research subject is the Aegean Bronze Age, especially the Minoan civilization of Crete. He has equal interests in Cretan botany and in antiquarian travellers to the island. CHRISTOPHER YOUNG, M.A., D.Phil., F.S.A., is head of world heritage and international policy for English Heritage. Abstracts of Papers P.M. Warren, ‘From Bristol and Gloucestershire to Greece and Turkey’ (pp. 9–26). For the millennial presidential address and to mark the 125th year of the Society Professor Warren reviewed the Society’s present achievements. He emphasised the strength of the current publications record and suggested that many of the objectives outlined by Sir William Guise in the first presidential address in 1876 had been fulfilled by the Society or by other bodies. On the theme of the Society’s overseas activities he discussed visits by Bristol and Gloucestershire people long before the Society was founded to the Aegean, the Near East and Turkey. He began with ill-fated merchant voyages in 1446 and 1457 and then concentrated on James Dallaway’s residence in Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1794–6 and his tour of Asia Minor (western Turkey), including references to Dallaway’s unpublished letters of that period. J.R.L. Allen, ‘The Landscape Archaeology of the Lydney Level, Gloucestershire: natural and human transformations over the last two millennia’ (pp. 27–57). The Lydney Level is a small, detached outcrop of alluvium (mudflat, salt marsh) lying below the eastern flank of the Forest of Dean on the western side of the Severn Estuary. Over the last two millennia the outcrop roughly doubled in area as the result of episodic growth to the south- east, three abandoned shorelines remaining visible on the ground. Against this background of uneven natural change, an increasing proportion of the alluvial outcrop was enclosed behind banks and farmed but not settled. Six episodes of seabank construction, beginning apparently in the Roman period, can be recognised. In the largest land-claim, of medieval date, only c. 62 per cent of the enclosure was ever ploughed, in sharp contrast to the settled and much more fully cultivated, embanked alluvium on the eastern margins of the estuary. A later medieval episode of coastal erosion and retreat demanded the setting back of great lengths of seabank on the level. Subsequently, the coast readvanced, allowing further embanking, especially in the north- east of the outcrop. The tidal creeks of the level, reaching back across the agricultural landscape, were exploited for trade and communication and for ship building. Mark Leah and Christopher Young, ‘A Bronze-Age Burnt Mound at Sandy Lane, Charlton Kings, Gloucestershire: excavations in 1971’ (pp. 59–82). Excavations at Sandy Lane, Charlton Kings, revealed remains of a burnt mound on the edge of a minor, infilled palaeochannel, which had been buried by colluvium and alluvium. Little environmental evidence survived, but the artefactual evidence, consisting of pottery, flintwork, and a spear mould, suggested a late Bronze-Age date for the site. Thomas Moore, ‘An Archaeological Assessment of Hailey Wood Camp, Sapperton, Gloucester- shire: a Roman temple complex in the Cotswolds?’ (pp. 83–93). Geophysical and surface surveys at Hailey Wood Camp revealed a double-ditched enclosure of Roman date. Finds of late Iron-Age and Roman pottery, flint and building material were reco- vered. The surveys, together with previously reported finds from the site, suggest that it was a Roman temple comparable to others in and beyond Gloucestershire. The site may be a shrine established at or near a source of the river Thames. 8 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS I.M. Ferris, ‘Excavations at Greyfriars, Gloucester, in 1967 and 1974–5’ (pp. 95–146). Excavations in 1967 and 1974–5on the site of Gloucester’s medieval Franciscan friary concen- trated on examining the remains of the friary church below ground and associated burials. New light was thrown on the construction and plan of the original 13th-century church as well as on its so-called ‘Berkeley rebuild’ in the early 16th century; parts of the last church still stand on the site. Archaeological features pre-dating the friary, principally of the Roman period, were also encountered, and the examination of levels post-dating the friary helped
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