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Local Federation of Economic Interest Empowered lives. Resilient nations. LOCAL FEDERATION OF ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPS OF NIODIOR (FELOGIE) Senegal Equator Initiative Case Studies Local sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that work for people and for nature. Few publications or case studies tell the full story of how such initiatives evolve, the breadth of their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practitioners themselves guiding the narrative. To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to fill this gap. The following case study is one in a growing series that details the work of Equator Prize winners – vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmental conservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local success to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models for replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reference to ‘The Power of Local Action: Lessons from 10 Years of the Equator Prize’, a compendium of lessons learned and policy guidance that draws from the case material. Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiative’s searchable case study database. Editors Editor-in-Chief: Joseph Corcoran Managing Editor: Oliver Hughes Contributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding Contributing Writers Edayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughes, Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma, Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu Design Oliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Parra, Brandon Payne, Mariajosé Satizábal G. Acknowledgements The Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Local Federation of Economic Interest Groups of Niodior (FELOGIE-Niodior), and in particular the guidance and inputs of Fatou Sarr, Amy Ndour, and Assane Thiam, who is a contributing writer for this case study. All photo credits courtesy of FELOGIE-Niodior. Maps courtesy of CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia. Suggested Citation United Nations Development Programme. 2012. Local Federation of Economic Interest Groups of Niodior (FELOGIE), Senegal. Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY. LOCAL FEDERATION OF ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPS OF NIODIOR (FELOGIE) Senegal PROJECT SUMMARY KEY FACTS Since 2005, this federation of women’s economic interest groups, centered on the island of Niodior, has worked to EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2010 rehabilitate mangrove ecosystems and promote natural resource management in the Saloum Delta Biosphere FOUNDED: 2005 Reserve. The group was founded in response to multiple pressures on the reserve’s mangrove and marine resources, LOCATION: Niodor, Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve and a 22-woman monitoring committee was established to regulate the harvesting of marine and forest resources. BENEFICIARIES: Several hundred villagers With funding from the UNDP-implemented GEF Small Grants BIODIVERSITY: Sustainable harvesting and reforestation Programme, the initiative developed a participatory code of conduct for marine harvesting, purchased equipment to monitor access to the reserve, and established a central fund to provide loans to individual groups, benefitting more than 7,000 local people through the provision of microcredit. This fund is supplied with revenue from the harvesting of zones following year-long enforcement of ‘no- take’ regulations. TABLE OF CONTENTS Background and Context 4 Key Activities and Innovations 6 Biodiversity Impacts 8 Socioeconomic Impacts 8 Policy Impacts 9 Sustainability 10 Replication 10 Partners 11 3 Background and Context The Local Federation of Economic Interest Groups of Niodior (FELOGIE- Local economy and environmental threats Niodior) addresses issues of biodiversity conservation and natural resource management in Senegal’s Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve, Shellfish occupy an important place in the Saloum Delta economy, an area that includes mangrove, marine, and forest ecosystems. and on the island of Niodior in particular. Ark clams (Anadara senilis), Established in 2005, the federation reforests local mangroves and mangrove oysters (Crassostrea gasar), Melongena snails (Pugilina aims to regenerate shellfish beds in areas that have been degraded. morio), and gastropod mollusks (Cymbium sp. and Murex sp.) are FELOGIE-Niodior implements a participatory approach to resource some of the most important species for local livelihoods and home governance. A local monitoring committee oversees, supervises and consumption. The harvesting of shellfish is the primary source of regulates the harvesting of marine and forest resources. Community income for women on the island of Niodior and throughout the education and outreach are at the heart of the organization’s work, Saloum Delta. Beyond being a source of food and revenue, shellfish with particular attention given to increasing local awareness of the are also used in the construction of homes, in the production of chalk, rules and regulations around forestry, fishing and other sectors and in artisanal crafts. Shellfish are in all respects the cornerstone which have been developed to stem over-exploitation. Project of the local economy and of local wellbeing. The mangrove- sustainability is ensured through an Environment and Development based ecosystem of the Saloum Delta faces myriad threats. The Support Fund (FAED). Women’s economic interest groups form the extension of rice agriculture, overexploitation of forests, forest fires, membership base of the organization and function as local micro- overfishing, the destruction of habitats for migratory and endemic lending institutions and savings schemes. birds, and industrial development are just some of the many drivers of biodiversity loss and ecosystem decline in the region. Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve So too, in recent years, climate variability has begun to negatively The Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve is situated 150 kilometers impact the traditional practice of harvesting shellfish. As amounts southeast of Dakar. It is comprised of 234,000 hectares of marine, of rainfall began to decrease, water salinity began to increase. This flooded, and terrestrial ecosystems. Mangrove forests account problem was further exacerbated by the degradation of mangrove for 60,000 hectares and are composed of four principal species: forests, which when healthy would have served as a natural buffer Rhizophora racemosa, R. mangle, R. harrisonii and Avicennia nitida. and defense against sea level rise and a natural filter of salt and These mangroves play an essential role in preventing coastal erosion sediments. Then, in 1987, the Niodior area of the Saloum Delta and act as a breeding ground for several species of fish and shellfish. Biosphere Reserve was affected by the breaching of the Sangomar The reserve is also a globally important migratory site for Palearctic headland. This breach, which was a consequence of the rising sea birds, with over 60,000 nesting sites and 95 species identified. It is level of the Atlantic Ocean, considerably modified the biotope for also the only breeding site in the world for the Royal Tern (Sterna fish species by introducing sea water into the bolongs (fresh-water maxima). The reserve marine and coastal ecosystems also host creeks) of the Sine-Saloum River. This led to further degradation of breeding sites for green sea turtles (Chelonia midas), manatees, the mangroves and a decline in the number and size of virtually and Sousa dolphins. Coastal waters contain over 115 species of all species of fish and shellfish. Within a few years of this event, the fish, making it the sixth most biodiversity estuary in the world. In depletion of shellfish stocks in particular began to result in serious addition, 186 tree species and 35 medium- and large-sized fauna food shortages and income loss, and people began to leave Niodior species have been counted in the reserve. to seek work in urban zones. Further, considerable coastal erosion was taking place and threatened to wipe out some villages entirely. 4 The evolution of a marine resource management model all segments of the local population in decision-making —including women, men, children, local and administrative authorities, and The village of Niodior is an island located in the Saloum Delta religious and traditional leaders. Biosphere Reserve. The island population lives mainly by fishing and harvesting shellfish. Faced with environmental deterioration The organization has several mutually reinforcing key objectives and depletion of a number of species, the community organized including mangrove restoration, shellfish bed regeneration and themselves to self-manage their marine resources. FELOGIE- repopulation, implementation of a code of participatory conduct Niodior was born of the idea of setting up a monitoring committee (standards of engagement with the environment), raising public of 22 members from various organizations in the village. Once awareness of responsible
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