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Los Peces Payaso reCONOCER LOS PECES PAYASO Y SUS ANÉMONAS ANFITRIÓN Eric Fombuena García. Martín Fombuena Marchi 1 2 Anémonas anfitrión Stichodactyla mertensii (Brandt, 1835) Distribución: Océano Índico y Pacífico occidental desde el Mar Rojo y la costa este de África, India, Indonesia, Australia, Nueva Guinea y hasta las islas Fiji. Hábitat: Fondos arenosos o grietas en la roca de arrecifes coralinos entre 1 metro y los 20 metros de profundidad. Dimensiones: El diámetro máximo que alcanza es de 150 centímetros. Coloración: El pie suele ser de coloración marrón con manchas anaranjadas y rosas. Los tentáculos son blancos, crema, amarillos, gris, marrón, púrpura o verde. Las puntas de los tentáculos presentan una mancha de color distinto al resto. 3 Anémonas anfitrión Distribución Stichodactyla mertensii Tentáculos: Los tentáculos son cortos y de puntas redondeadas que presentan un color blanco, amarillo y verde. Toxicidad: Muy urticante. Carácter: Suelen enterrar el pie en la arena. Se comerá los camarones (salvo simbiontes Periclemenes y Thor amboniensis) y peces pequeños del acuario. Peces: A. akallopisos, A. akindynos, A. allardi, A. chrysogaster, A. chrysopterus, A. clarkii, A. fuscocaudatus, A. latifasciatus, A. leucokranos, A. ocellaris, A. sandaracinos y A. tricinctus. Alimentación: Con buena luz, está más lo que ella sea capaz de atrapar de la alimentación de los peces, por lo general será suficiente. Una o dos veces al mes se puede complementar con un poco de mejillón, almeja, calamar, camarón, krill, mysis o pejerreyes. Es peligroso sobrealimentarla pues se le puede provocar la muerte. Reproducción: Se reproducen tanto asexualmente como sexualmente. Iluminación: Iluminación moderada a intensa. Corriente: Flujo de agua moderado a fuerte. Acuario: Difícil de mantener. Mínimo 300 litros. Si en acuario de arrecife. pH: 8.1 a 8.3 Temperatura: 25 a 28ºC Dureza: 8 a 12º KH Densidad: 1.021 a 1.024 Nitritos y Amoniaco: 0 Nitratos: Inferior a 30. 4 Bibliografía Bibliografía ALLEN, G.R. (1975). Los peces anémona. Su clasificación y la biología. Segunda Edición. TFH Publications, Inc., Neptune City , Nueva Jersey . ARVEDLUND, M. y L. Nielsen. (1996). Do the anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris (Pisces: Pomacentridae) imprint themselves to their host sea anemone Heteractis magnifica (Athozoa: Actinidae)?. Ethology, 102: 197-211. ARVEDLUND, M., I. Bundgaard, L. Nielsen. (2000). Host imprinting in anemonefishes (Pisces: Pomacentridae): does it dictate spawning site preferences?. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 58: 203-213. BHAT, A. (2004). Coral reefs and their fauna: An underwater fantasyland. Resonance, September: 62-73. DEBELIUS, Helmut y Baensch, Hans A. (1997). Atlas Marino. Mergus. FAUTIN, D. y G. Allen. (1992). Field Guide to Anemonefishes and their Host Sea Anemones. Perth: Western Australian Museum. FRICKE, H., S. Fricke. (1977). Monogamy and sex change by aggressive dominance in coral reef fish. Nature, 266: 830-832. MICHAEL, Scott W. (en inglés) Reef aquarium fishes. Microcosm.T.F.H. 2005. MYRBERG, Jr., A., L. Fuiman. (2002). The Sensory World of Coral Reef Fishes. Pp. 146 in P. Sale, ed. Coral Reef Fishes. San Diego, California: Academic Press. NELSON, J., P. Phang, L. Chou. (1996). Survival and growth rates of the anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris: a transfer experiment. Journal of Fish Biology, 48: 1130-1138. NILSEN, A.J. y Fossa, S.A. (2002). Reef Secrets. TFH Publications. SADOVY, Y., A. Vincent. (2002). Ecological Issue and the Trade in Live Reef Fishes. Pp. 395 in P. Sale, ed. Coral Reef Fishes. San Diego, California: Academic Press. SANO, M., M. Shimizu, Y. Nose. (1984). Food habits of teleostean reef fishes in Okinawa Island, Southern Japan. Japan: University of Tokyo Press. SPRUNG, Julian y Delbeek, J.Charles. (1994) The Reef Aquarium. Ricordea Publishing. THRESHER, R. (1984). Reproduction in Reef Fishes. New Jersey: T.F.H. Publications, Inc.. 5 Bibliografía TULLOCK, J.H. (1998). Clownfishes and Sea Anemones. New York. Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-0511-1. ISBN-10: 0-7641-0511-6 Internet: Discover life. http://www.discoverlife.org/ Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/ ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/ IUCN Red List. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ Marine Species Identification Portal. http://species-identification.org/ PESI. http://www.eu-nomen.eu/ Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia. http://es.wikipedia.org/ WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/ 6 Índice Índice Introducción 1 Generalidades 3 Taxonomía 7 Género Amphiprion. (Bloch & Schneider, 1801): 9 Amphiprion akallopisos. (Bleeker, 1853) 9 Amphiprion akindynos. (Allen, 1972) 11 Amphiprion allardi. (Klausewitz, 1970) 13 Amphiprion barberi. (Allen, Drew & Kaufman, 2008) 15 Amphiprion bicinctus. (Rüppell, 1830) 17 Amphiprion chagosensis. (Allen, 1972) 19 Amphiprion chrysogaster. (Cuvier, 1830) 21 Amphiprion chrysopterus. (Cuvier, 1830) 23 Amphiprion clarkii. (Bennett, 1830) 25 Amphiprion ephippium. (Bloch, 1790) 29 Amphiprion frenatus. (Brevoort, 1856) 31 Amphiprion fuscocaudatus. (Allen, 1972) 33 Amphiprion latezonatus. (Waite, 1900) 35 Amphiprion latifasciatus. (Allen, 1972) 37 Amphiprion leucokranos. (Allen, 1973) 39 Amphiprion mccullochi. (Whitley, 1929) 41 Amphiprion melanopus. (Bleeker, 1852) 43 Amphiprion nigripes. (Regan, 1908) 47 Amphiprion ocellaris. (Cuvier, 1830) 49 Amphiprion omanensis. (Allen & Mee, 1991) 53 Amphiprion pacificus. (Allen, Drew & Fenner, 2010) 55 Amphiprion percula. (Lacepède, 1802) 57 Amphiprion perideraion. (Bleeker, 1855) 61 Amphiprion polymnus. (Linnaeus, 1758) 63 Amphiprion rubrocinctus. (Richardson, 1842) 67 Amphiprion sandaracinos. (Allen, 1972) 69 Amphiprion sebae. (Bleeker, 1853) 71 Amphiprion thiellei. (Burgess, 1981) 73 Amphiprion tricinctus. (Schultz & Welander, 1953) 75 Género Premnas. (Cuvier, 1816): 77 Premnas biaculeatus. (Bloch, 1790) 77 Anémonas anfitrión 81 Generalidades 81 Alimentación 81 Cryptodendrum adhaesivum 83 Enctamea quadricolor 87 Heteractis aurora 91 Heteractis crispa 93 Heteractis magnifica 97 7 Índice Heteractis malu 101 Macrodactyla doreensis 103 Stichodactyla gigantea 105 Stichodactyla haddoni 107 Stichodactyla mertensii 109 Bibliografía 111 Índice 113 8 .
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