I ,IIIYERLY IEWSLETTER YOUME IIYIII FOR IFRICIN STI.IES IPRIL/UNE 1995 ISSOCIIlION MEMIEIS 10. 2 pi

FROM THE SECRETARIAT ...

ASA OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 1995 The month of April marks the end of my term as Executive Director of the ASA. These seven years have been marked by OFFICERS harder work than I ever imagined, coupled with a good deal of sat­ President: Goran Hyden (University of Florida) isfaction as individual ASA members have expressed their appre­ Vice-President: Iris Berger (SUNY -Albany) ciation for my efforts. I am particularly appreciative of the sup­ Past President: Edward A. Alpers (UCLA) port and encouragement given by colleagues and admininstrators Treasurer: Carol Eastman (University of Hawai'i) at Emory University over the years. Executive Director: Edna G. Bay (Emory University) There are three important changes in the ASA that I have been proud to be part of during these years. The fIrst is the ASA's DIRECTORS growth. Our individual memberships have nearly doubled in the RETIRING IN 1995 period since 1988, reflecting in my view both the continuing Roland Abiodun (Amherst College) strength of African studies in the academy and the growing inter­ Cheryl Johnson-Odim (Loyola University) est in African affairs by the current generation of students. Jack Parson (The College of Charleston) The second change is the ASA's movement from self-imposed organizational isolation to increasing participation in educational RETIRING IN 1996 and policy communities nationally and internationally. We now Robert Bates (Harvard University) articulate our concerns as educators on a national level through Carolyn Brown (Rutgers University) membership in organizations with common interests, such as Nancy Schmidt (Indiana University) the American Council of Learned Societies and the National Hu­ manities Alliance. We have also moved, albeit gingerly and with RETIRING IN 1997 an eye to our tax-exempt status, towards more direct interaction Robert Harms (Yale University) with organizations involved in African policy formation and im­ Isidore Okpewho (SUNY -Binghamton) plementation. Marina Ottaway (Georgetown University) Finally, we have taken steps to regularize and professionalize the management of our association. We are now less dependent on the good will, volunteer efforts and institutional resources of ASA News, Vol. XXVIII, No.2 Apr/Jun 1995 our members associated with major area studies programs. We ISSN 0278-2219 are also well on our way to building a modest endowment to Editor: Edna G. Bay support special projects. Associate Editor: Rainier Spencer Despite the positive changes in the ASA, I remain troubled by a trend that threatens conflict between African and other mem­ Published quarterly by the African Studies Association. bers of the Association. Nominations for ASA leadership posi­ tions are characterized by a form of institutional elitism. There is, E-mail address: [email protected] flrst, disproportionate weight enjoyed by institutions with federal funding for African studies. Beyond that, the ASA's leaders tend Submissions to ASA News should be sent to ASA News, Credit Un­ to be drawn from other elite institutions, thus effectively exclud­ ion Building. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. Dead­ ing the talents of large numbers of members, many of whom are lines for submissions are December 1. March 1. June 1, and Sep­ African, whose training and earlier employment outside the US tember 1. have kept them from having access to appointments in more pre­ stigious insUtutions. Africans now make up nearly 20 percent of Domestic claims for non-receipt of issues must be made within six months of the month of publication-overseas claims must all US-based ASA members, yet their numbers in leadership roles be made within one year. are disproportionately low. The tensions caused by this situation have begun to emerge. My parting wish for the ASA is that the Notice to Members: The United States Postal System does not current leadership address this problem in a forthright, direct and forward periodicals. We must receive written notification from open manner. you at least five weeks in advance of any change of address. Fail­ I look forward to continuing to be part of the intellectual side ure to notify us of your correct mailing address will result in sus­ of ASA life in my capacity as an Emory faculty member. pension of mailings until we receive such notification. We can EdnaG. Bay make address changes only when current dues are paid. Reinstate­ ment of membership mailings after suspension may be made by payment of a $5.00 reinstatement fee. ....

WE WELCOME NEW ASA MEMBERS

(who joined between December 1, 1994 and February 28, 1995)

Josephine A Adomako Susan Dicklich Stephen A King Dana Ott Philip A Afeadie Jonathan 0 Dipeolu Paul Konye Eva Poluha AhmedQAli Uoldelul C Dirar Loren A Kruger Samuel E Quainoo Gloria L Alibaruho Kandioura Drame Stephen A Lucas David Rawson Michael 0 Aregbesola Alan Emery Suzanne H Mac Rae Bess Reed Richard Ashford Richard Fardon Joel Macul Kevin Schroeder Russell C Ayers Marilyn H Fetterman Richard R Marcus Carolyn M Shaw Gaelan L Benway Donna K Flynn William A Masters Shaun Skelton Charles Bierley Galia S Friedman Patrick U Mbajekwe Daniel R Smith Kay Branagan Erik 0 Gilbert Patricia Mc Cormick Rebecca Stone Akua Brath Lyn Graybill Samuel A Mensah Scott D Taylor Ichhard Breitinger Cathy Gregory Christine Mirasy Carol B Thompson Suzanne Broeije Laura S Grillo Robert Moghalu Hakeem I Tijani Kimberly Burke Ambaro M Guled Abdel S Mohamed Ethel Tracy Kevin Butler GeonSHan Marcell Moldoveanu Hamdesa Tuso Charles Cantalupo Leonhard Harding Steven Morris N Frank Ukadike Timothy D Carmichael Gillian Hart Tola Mosadomi J C M Van Santen Farida Cassimjee Jeffrey M Hayer Mansur M Nuruddin Robert Vinson Jennifer Cole Stephen C Hill Chinwe A Nwanekwu David Wield George T Crafts Haroun B Ibraheem Apollos 0 Nwauwa Harris E Williams Catherine Cutbill Christopher Johnson Fanny Nyaribo Lisa Daniels Monica M Kinberg Amos N Oladipo j I WE THANK ASA ENDOWMENT DONORS I (who contributed between December 1, 1994 and February 28,1995) Kwame Agyenim-Boateng Carol M Eastman Elizabeth J F Knowles Mary J Osirim I Jean Allman William B Edmondson Jon Kraus Rona Peligal I I. Anthony Appiah Risa Ellovich Milton Krieger Lucie C Phillips Janet Beik . Jo Ellen Fair Judith Krieger Henry P Porter Joseph E Black Toyin FaIola Joseph L Lauer Allyson Purpura Caroline Bledsoe Tyrone Ferdnance Olga F Linares Frank A Salamone Catherine C Boyle Susan Geiger Richard A Long Eve Sandberg George E Brooks Charles Geshekter Donna J Maier David P Sandgren Barbara B Brown Paula Girshick Kristin Mann Margaret 0 Saunders Linda K Brown Roger Gocking Henry E Mokosso James R Scarritt Linda Bucher Donald Gordon David C Moore David L Schoenbrun Thomas Callaghy Jean E M Gosebrink KC Morrison Edwin S Segal S Terry Childs Albert L Gray Jack H Mower Ann Seidman Greta M Coger William A Hance Isaac J Mowoe Peter Seitel Francis Conant Dorothy L Hodgson Angal uki M uaka Carol Sicherman John M D Crossey Bonnie K Holcomb Jonathan Ngate Peter E Siegle R Hunt Davis Mary Holmstrom Isidore Okpewho David E Skinner Virginia De Lancey Allen Howard Christa L Olson Monteze M Snyder Mcsamuel R Dixon-Fyle Helen R Kohler Andrew K Omo-Abu Thomas Spear

April/June 1995 David Sperling Barbara P Thomas-Slayter Daniel Volman Jennifer A Widner Janet Stanley Carol B Thompson Elias N Wakoson David R Woods Alonzo T Stephens Muhammad S Umar Richard Weisfelder Larry W Yarak Margaret Strobel Monica Van Beusekom Claude E WelchJr Renee L Tantala Denis Venter Winston R Wells

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Phyllis Bischof John B Howell GoranHyden M Crawford Young African Studies Review Thanks Reviewers The assistance of the following scholars, each of whom has reviewed one or more manuscripts for the African Studies Review in the past year, is greatly appreciated. -Mark W. Delancey, Editor

Abegunrin, O. Fuller, Bruce Makward, Edris Sarhof, Joseph Aji, Aron Furlong, Patrick Manchuelle, Francois Schmidt, Nancey Ambler,CJharles Glover, Koffi Marenin, Otwin Schraeder, Peter Amin, J.A. Gordan, Andy Markovitz, Irving Scott, P. Aspaas, Helen Gruhn, Isebill Martin, Guy Scotton, James Badu,J.A. Hardin, Kris Mayer, Doe Segal, Edwin Battestini, Simon Hergarty,George Mazur, Robert Segal, Aaron Baxter, Paul Hollos, Marida Meisenhelder, Torn Shaw, Tim Bawuah,K. Holm, John Merryfield, Merry Sindima, H. Benyon, J.A. Holmquist, Frank Messing, Simon Sicherman, Carol Bishku, M. Houyou~Suzanne Moore, Jesse Siegal, Brian Boakye-Sarpong, Kwame Hutchinson, John Moore, Will Smaldone, Joseph Boyd, Baron Hyden, Goran Moseley,K. Snyder, W. Bradley, Candice James, Valentine Mozaffer, Shaheen Soppelsa, Robbert Breitborde, Lawrence Johnson, Valentine Mundt, Robert Sparks, Donald Brunger, Scott Khadiagala, Gilbert Newbury, Catherine Speed, Clark Cattell, Maria Kieh, George Normandy, Elizabeth SpIeth, Janice CartWright, J. Killam, Douglas Nwankwo, Chimalum Switzer, L. Clevaland, David Konings, Piet Nyang'oro, Julius Sunai, C. Cobbe, James Kranzdorf, Richard Odim, Cheryl Tignor, Robert Coger, Dalvin Kraus, Jon Ofkansky, Thomas Trager, Lilian Cooper, Barbara Krieger, Milton Ojaide, Tanure • Tlou, Josiah Copson, Raymond Kriger, Norma Omodele, Remi Tripp, Aili Courville, Cindy Larson, Charles Orvis, Steve Tuck, Michael Crowley, D. Lauer, Joseph Ottenberg, Simon Uwazurike, Chudi Desfosses, H. Leighton, Neil Owomoyek, Oyekan Warren, D.M. Day, Linda Lepine, R. Panford, Kwamina Westley, David Diduk, Susan Levine, Victor Parson, Jack Winans, Edgar Dixon-Fyle, Mac Lewis, Barbara Patterson, Dave Woods, Dwayne Ekeh, Peter Lippert, Anne Quirin, James Windrich, Elaine Emeagwali, Gloria Little, Greta Reed, Cyrus Worger, William Elango, Lovett Lodge, Torn Rathgeber, Eva Wubneh, Mulatu Falk-Moore, Sally Love, Janice Reynolds, A. Wunsch, James FaIola, Toyin MvClellan, Charles Roder, Wolf Volman, D. Feldsman-Savelsberg, Pam McMillan, Susan Rothchild, Donald Van De Walle, Nicolas Fox, Robert McLaren, Joseph Sarnoff, Joel Yoder, Stanley Forrest, J.B. Mabbs-Zeno, Carl Sanbrook, Richard Young, Crawford Franken, Marjorie MacGaffey, Wyatt Sander, Reinhard Zachemuk, Philip

April/June 1995 1995 ASA ELECTIONS The following persons have been nominated to stand for election as officers and members of the ASA Board of Directors. Return envelopes and a ballot for the election have been inserted in copies of this newsletter sent to 1995 individual members. Ballots must be mailed to the Secretariat offices no later than June 30, 1995.

If your newsletter did not contain aballot, it means that we had not received your membership renewal prior to April 1, 1995. Once you have paid your 1995 membership dues, you are entitled to vote. If you wish to participate in the 1995 elections, please include a self-addressed, stamped, business envelope with your membership renewal, and our staffwill forward a ballot to you.

Vice President/President-Elect Development, the Council on Foreign Relations, Ghana Gwendolyn Mikell, Anthropology, Georgetown University Studies Association, and TransAfrica. Ibrahim Sundiata, History, Brandeis University Currently, I am a professor of anthropology, and I am completing the chairship of the Sociology Department at Directors Georgetown University in Washington, DC where I have Mary Jo Arnoldi, Art History, Smithsonian Institution taught since 1976. Born in Chicago, I attended the Keletso Atkins, History, University of Michigan University of Chicago for my BA in sociology in 1969 with William Martin, Sociology, University of Illinois at a minor in anthropology. Confirming my interest in Urbana-Champaign anthropology, I attended Columbia University, where I James Mittelman, Political Science, American University continued to explore kinship, but specialized in political Julius Nyang'oro, African and African-American Studies, and economic anthropology. My professors at Columbia UNC-Chapel Hill imparted an enthusiasm about the study of Asia, Europe, Claire Robertson, History and Women's Studies, Ohio State and the Caribbean while also encouraging my , University specialization in African Studies. My PhD thesis at i Carolyn Somerville, Political Science, Hunter College Columbia (1975) examined the impact of cocoa •I Christopher Udry, Economics, Northwestern University cash-cropping on ethnic and political culture in the Sunyani District of Brong Ahafo, Ghana. Despite my j Gwendolyn Mikell ongoing interest in African-American culture, and theories I Statement of Candidacy of gender relations, it is the study of African politics and The African Studies Association ~ survive and economics that provides the thread running through my thrive in a time that is more conservative than we have work in anthropology. known in the past. It must do so because African issues Observing the continent undergo a transition from the have to be represented to a group of lay persons and inspirational days of independence personalities and policy makers who erroneously believe that helping Africa politics to a decade of social, economic, and political is not in the American interest. struggle had an impact on me. At the personal, gender, I am a candidate for the ASA presidency because I enjoy and scholarly levels, I have attempted to try to blend the combining the roles of active scholar and informed insights of the humanities, arts, and social and natural participant on issues related to Africa. My research sciences in seeking to understand African problems and activities in Ghana have been continuous since the 1970s prospects. My publications reflect these concerns. My (rural development, gender, and the impact of social book-length manuscripts include Cocoa and Chaos in Ghana policies on people's lives), then in South Africa in 1992, (1989 and 1992 editions), Mikell (ed.) African Women: and I continue to do consultancies and other professional States ofCrisis (1996 forthcoming), and Mikell (ed.), African work throughout west and south Africa, occasionally Women and Development in the 1980s (1985). My recent running workshops on Women and Democratization in articles include such works as "Peasant Politicization and Monrovia, Freetown, and parts of Nigeria. I served on the Economic Recuperation in Ghana: Local and National Board of ASA from 1991 to 1994 (assigned to the Finance Dilemmas," JMAS, 1989; "Culture, Law, and Social Policy: Committee and to work relative to Congress and the Boren Changing the Economic Status of Women in Ghana," Yale Amendment). On behalf of ASA I have participated in Journal of International Law, 1992; and "Using the Courts conferences with Chinese and Japanese Africanists, and to Obtain Relief: Akan Women and Family Courts/' in with ACLS. In addition, my associational memberships Fatima Meer's (ed.), Poverty in the 1990s: The Responses of include the Association for Africanist Anthropology Urban Women, 1994. Currently, I am working on African (within the AAA), the Association for Women in women and peace-building in the 199Os-a topic I will

April/June 1995 explore at the 4th International Conference of Women in discussions on a range of issues from aid to AIDS. Beijing in September, 1995. (2) The ASA should engage in greater outreach efforts Today, Americans are being challenged to think in to reach all of the constituencies, within and without relative terms about coexistence with Mrica and other academia, which have an interest in Mrica. The image of continents. My desire is to see ASA take principled Africa continues to be largely negative in the American positions consonant with its goals and mandates, and to media and much of the work of academic Mricanists has engage others in dialogue about the importance of Africa not diffused widely. I would work strenuously to remedy to scholarship and to world events. As ASA President, I this situation. would seek to enhance internal relationships between (3) The ASA must become more inclusive and promote ASA's various constituencies as well as to broaden ASA's interchange with African scholars and those of the Mrican external presence in national and international arenas. Diaspora. Specifically, I would strive to bring more scholars from the continent into touch with the ASA and Ibrahim K. Sundiata would explore ways in which we of the organization might Statement of Candidacy strengthen the role of African universities in their own Mter completing my undergraduate studies in history African studies. Also, I would encourage the ASA to at Ohio Wesleyan University (BA 1966), I went on to do become more involved with the burgeoning my graduate work at Northwestern (PhD 1972). During African-American interest in Africa and to engage in my first year there my interest in West Mrica was inclusive dialogue with all of the tendencies and schools quickened by participation in a Ford Foundation summer within Africanist scholarship. project in Ghana. I have taught at Rutgers University, Northwestern University, and the University of Illinois at Mary Jo Arnoldi Chicago. I am presently Beinfeld Professor of Mrican and Biographical Information Afro-American Studies at Brandeis University, and chair of I am honored to be nominated to the Board of Directors the department. of the ASA. In 1975 I received an MA in African art Fulbright-Hays and Woodrow Wilson Fellowships are history from Michigan State University and in 1983 a PhD among the grants I have received. In 1983-84 I served as in Mrican art history from Indiana UniverSity. From Fulbright Professor at the Universidade Federal da Bahia in 1983-85 I taught at the University of Missouri at Kansas Salvador, Brazil. Three years later I received the City and was a curator at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of University of Illinois' Chancellor's Research Grant and did Art. Since 1985 I have been the Curator of Mrican fieldwork in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and Equatorial Guinea. Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology, My research interests continue to focus on the creation of Smithsonian Institution. I have conducted research on the social, ethnic, and gender identities in Mrica. My arts and expressive culture of Mali since 1978, and have publications include nineteen articles and three books: published numerous journal articles. Recently I Black Scandal: America and the Liberian Labor Crisis (1980); completed a book on Malian performance arts and an Equatorial Guinea: Colonialism, State Terror, and the Search edited volume on African material culture which will for Stability (1990). The latter was the winner of the Choice appear in 1995 and 1996 respectively. I have also curated Book Award of the American Association of Academic and numerous museum exhibitions on Mrican arts and Research Libraries. The third book is From Slaving to culture. Neoslavery: The Bight of Biafra and Fernando Po in the Era of For many years I have been active in the ASA and in the Abolition (1995). In addition to scholarship, I have served Arts Council of the ASA. In 1981 I served as the Program on review panels for the National Endowment for the and Local Arrangements coordinator for the ASA annual Humanities. meeting in Bloomington. Between 1982 and 1992 I served My interest and participation in the African Studies on the board of the Arts Council and was president from Association has spanned several decades. In 1981 I was 1990-91. In 1992 I was on the Arts Council Program elected to the Board of Directors and served on the Committee for the Ninth Triennial SympOSium on Mrican Executive Committee. I believe that now, at a time when Art and in 1994 served on the ASA National Program certain quarters speak of the irrelevance of Mrica, it is Committee for the Toronto meeting. I am currently necessary for the organization to take an active and serving on ASA's Distinguished Mricanist Committee. progressive stance. Statement of Candidacy (1) The ASA should continue to involve itself in I would work to strengthen the tradition of open discussions of national policies toward Africa, while never dialogue that characterizes much of ASA's history. Today becoming the tool of any non-academic interest. I feel it is critical that the ASA provides a setting where members strongly that the ASA must contribute to reasoned policy are encouraged and feel welcome to engage in a civil April/June 1995 dialogue that addresses differences in members' Association of University Women Fellowship (1984), experiences, perspectives, and philosophies concerning Herskovits Award (1994), Choice Outstanding Book Africa and African Studies. In order to promote these (1995), National Humanities Center Fellowship (1995-96). dialogues I believe that the ASA must actively encourage Recent publication: The Moon Is Dead! Give Us Our Money!: more African Diaspora scholars to join the association. It The Cultural Origins ofan African Work Ethic, Natal, South must also continue its efforts to fund the participation of Africa, 1843-1900. African scholars in all ASA activities and initiatives. Statement of Candidacy I would also lend my efforts to new and ongoing I believe that in producing the next generation of initiatives whose aims are to counter the prevailing scholars, the ASA needs to address itself more forcefully to negative stereotypes of Africa in the American media. I the issue of diversity. As a member of the Board of would support institutional linkages and networks for the Directors, I would be particularly supportive of the promotion of the study and understanding of Africa and following ASA initiatives: the African Diaspora in American universities, schools, 1. Encouraging the training of greater numbers of museums, and other public institutions. Africans and African American scholars. 2. Establishing and/or strengthening ties with Keletso E. Atkins historically black colleges and universities. Biographical Information 3. Developing a scholarship fund that would enable My interest in Africa began when the late Tom Mboya younger African scholars to study in institutions of higher visited my seventh-grade class at Daniel Hale Williams education in the United States. elementary schoolt southside Chicago. Mr. Mboyat who 4. Promoting the ideals of a "new South Africa" by was then minister of education, challenged us as young, supporting the above initiatives. Members of the majority black scholars to learn about the peoples of Africa. We population would benefit greatly from such opportunities were awed by our distinguished visitor and delighted of exposure to challenging academic environments. This when he extended an invitation to visit Kenya someday. would also enable them to acquire the skills needed to In secondary school I was one of the founding members produce independent scholarship. and the first president (1962) of the Student Advocates for Negro History (SANH). SANH was the first organization William G. Martin of its kind in the country to advocate and actively Biographical Information demonstrate for the inclusion of African and African I was initially drawn towards Africa through the American history in the public school curriculum. SANH inspiration of African scholars, students, and members taught black history courses in the alternative activists-first as an undergraduate at the University of "Freedom Schools" that were organized during the public Michigan, then as a graduate student at school boycotts in the turbulent 60s. We were invited SUNY-Binghamton (PhD 1986), and while engaged in frequently on other occasions to give talks to community research across southern Africa. Publications from this groups in the "inner city" and in the white suburbs. In work include essays in the International Journal ofAfrican 1966 the Black Student Association at Loop City College, Historical Studies, Journal of Southern African Studies, an organization in which I held an office, was ROAPE, and, with African co-authors, How Fast the Wind? instrumental in persuading the social science department My first teaching post at the University of Illinois in to include African history in its course offerings. 1986 led to new challenges, particularly as demand for my After receiving my MA degree, I served in the Peace African-related courses escalated rapidly and became Corps (1975-78) as a teacher and chair of the history predominantly populated (60-90%) by students of color. I department at Tutume community College, Botswana. have subsequently spent considerable time listening, Upon completion of my PhD, I was on the faculty of the discussing, and debating with students and colleagues history department of the University of Minnesota new understandings of African/Africa. From this has (1986-87), and the University of California-Santa Barbara flowed publications, as well as numerous workshop (1987-89). I am currently an associate professor at the presentations, on how we move beyond Euro-North University of Michigan. American frameworks within my discipline, African Education: Loop City College (AA, 1968), Roosevelt studies, and the classroom-including a forthcoming University (BA, 1970), Northwestern University (MA, collection (co-edited with Michael West) addressing the 1974), University of Wisconsin-Madison (PhD, 1986). intersection of African studies, African scholarship, and Awards: Fulbright-Hays International Doctoral Research African-American studies). Fellowship (1981-82), Social Science Research Council As Chair of the ASA's Current Issues Council I helped International Doctoral Fellowship (1982-83), American launch a related series of panels on the future of African April/June 1995 Studies, and I have guest-edited (with Michael West) the • a focusing of joint programs, conferences, and forthcoming ISSUE on this subject. At Illinois I am a core publications on efforts that address inequalities and member of the Center for African Studies, a faculty affiliate organize research that cut across the boundaries of the of the African-American Studies and Research Program, diSciplines, African studies, and continental divides and Director of Graduate Studies in the Sociology -including an ASA meeting on the continent. Department. Finally, I am currently Co-Chair (with AI There is, I believe, widespread agreement on the need Green) of the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars, for such programs. Without them we face the alternative working particularly on the threat of African Studies much discussed among British Africanists: the end of being directed by the hidden priorities of the Department university and national support for the study of Africa, of Defense (i.e. the "Boren Bill"). I have also written for a even as interest in things African multiply outside the public audience, from the Nation to Southern Africa academy. With such programs, a new, expanded Political and Economic Monthly. leadership would be well-placed to playa leading role in By way of public disclosure: I have received funding as creating a more representative, engaged, and forceful a Fulbright Scholar, and from the National Science constituency for the study of Africa. Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the American Sociological Association. I am currently principal James H. Mittleman investigator on an USIA-funded project linking Illinois and Biographical Information University of the Western Cape faculty with common My interest in Africa began when I was a student in the interests in African and African-American studies. African Studies Program at Makerere University, Statement of Candidacy Kampala. Subsequently, I earned an M.A. and a PhD at African studies stands at a crossroads: we face the Cornell University. prospect of either radical renewal or a steady decline. After teaching African politics at Columbia University Disturbing portents abound, from waning federal, private, for eight years, I was the founding director of the first and university support to the media presentation of undergraduate international studies major in the New Africans as being riddled by disease, war, famine, and York metropolitan area, based at The City College. I have anarchy. Yet signs of vibrancy exist as well, from new also served as Professor and Dean, Graduate School of perspectives and voices to a resurgent, demanding interest International Studies,. University of Denver; Professor and in Africa among people of African descent. Dean of Social Sciences, Queens College, City University of ASA needs to not only defend African studies, but New York; and Professor and Chair, Department of actively seize the opportunities these latter developments Comparative and Regional Studies, The American offer. Above all we need to bridge across the vast chasms University. that have grown up between US Africanists and African I have been affiliated with Eduardo Mondlane scholars on the continent, the African-American University, the University of Dar es Salaam, Princeton community, and reemergent traditions of University'S Center of International Studies, and the trans/pan-African scholarship. Individual actions towards Makerere Institute for Social Research. In addition, I have these ends need further emphasis: organized training programs at the United Nations • greater support for participation at ASA by African Institute for Training and Research, have evaluated organizations, young scholars, and scholars with children UNESCO's educational projects in Africa, and was Director (child care) of the Social Science Foundation. • a stronger outreach program I have received awards from the American Council for • support to African libraries and publishers Leamed Societies, Institute for the Study of World Politics, • reaching out to Diaspora studies International Studies Association, Social Science Research Yet even these ad-hoc actions seem to have little Council, United Nations University, World Policy impact. What more might ASA do? We need first to Institute, and World Society Foundation. discuss openly the obstacles that discourage the All of my work has been concerned with the historical participation of a broader African constituency, and then question of how people became embroiled in tackle these with coherent initiatives. Concretely this underdevelopment, and practical strategies for escaping it. would mean the ASA Board initiating such activities as: I am the author of six books and monographs, including • a series of open community meetings regarding Ideology and Politics in Uganda (1975) and Outfrom representation and future agendas Underdevelopment (1988). My articles have appeared in • officially-sponsored surveys of representation and such journals as Afro-American Studies, Issue, African Studies activity by race and gender, as is done by most national Review, Journal ofModern African Studies, Journal of Southern academic associations African Affairs, Journal of Southern African Studies, Africa April/June 1995 Today, Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, Revue Tiers Monde, and Perspective, published by Dar es Salaam University Press. Third World Quarterly. To better inform the public about My current research is on democratic change and civil Africa, I have published in the New York Times, The Nation, society in Africa. I previously taught at the Institute of Detroit News, San Francisco Chronicle, Denver Post, Sunday Finance Management in Dar es Salaam (1977) and have Nation (Nairobi), and elsewhere. Drawing on research in been working on a regular basis with Non-Governmental Africa, my current project is Globalization: Chnllenges and Organizations in eastern and southern Africa in recent Opportunities (forthcoming), of which I am a co-author and years. editor. . Statement of Candidacy Statement of Candidacy This is a challenging time for those who are concerned If elected as your representative, I would: about and/or study Africa, especially in the US. I see 1. Draw on my experience in university administration three critical challenges facing the ASA and the scholarly and as Director of a foundation to streamline the board's community as a whole. Economic and political conditions operations and insure transparency. are forcing cuts in area studies as geo-political isolationists 2. Endeavor to increase the association's financial base seem to be making more noise and influencing public so that the necessary resources are available to enhance opinion. The first critical challenge for the ASA is to place members' activities. itself in the forefront in the advocacy for African Studies 3. Involve more practitioners and policy analysts in the as an important aspect in the general outlook of the United ASA. States. To succeed in this endeavor, the ASA needs to 4. Given the different communities that comprise the exhibit strong and effective leadership in galvanizing ASA, emphasize tolerance for a diversity of points of view support from the ASA membership and beyond. The within the association. second challenge for the ASA leadership is to ensure that 5. Broaden participation in governance and intellectual the different voices which make up the ASA are given activities by scholars based at colleges and universities equal opportunity to be heard and that these voices are all without an African studies program or financial support taken seriously. The greater diversity of its membership in for research on the continent. recent years is a sign that the ASA needs to take this point 6. Be more inclusive of Africans, African-Americans, seriously. Thirdly, the ASA, while cognizant of the women, and students on and off campus. pressures exert@d by recent post-Cold War developments, 7. Promote the study of gender in Africa. needs to maintain its scholarly integrity and respond to 8. Enlarge the ASA's international networks and foster challenges from such pressures accordingly. It needs new interdiSciplinary avenues of inquiry. energetic and enthusiastic leadership. 9. Strengthen links with other area studies associations As an organization concerned primarily with Africa, to encourage collaborative work. the ASA must continue efforts to create linkages with 10. Seek the advice of African colleagues to enable the Africa-based scholars and institutions. Given the recent ASA to contribute more fully to the knowledge industry history of resource deprivation for African Universities, in Africa through book projects, cooperation with the ASA should encourage more exchanges with organizations such as CODESRIA, and recommendations Africa-based scholars to allow for the dissemination of for appropriate US donor activity in academic institutions their research in outlets available outside of Africa. ASA in recipient countries. publications must be encouraged to publish these scholars. Julius E. Nyang'oro Finally, the ASA should make a commitment to have at Biographical Information least one annual meeting in Africa every decade, with the Associate Professor of African Studies, and Chairman, first such meeting taking place before the year 2000. African and Afro-American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Education: BA, Political Claire Robertson Science, Dar es Salaam University (1977); MA/PhD, Biographical Information Miami University (1979/1983); JD, Duke University (1990). My interest in African studies began with family My research interest is on the contemporary political involvement in establishing law schools at the University economy of sub-Saharan Africa with a sub-regional of Ghana and the University of Addis Ababa. Graduate emphasis on eastern and southern Africa. Another area of work in African history at the University of Wisconsin interest is on the relationship between law and followed, as did interest in African women, whose voices development. I have authored, edited, and/or co-edited seemed absent from most sources. In pursuing that five books. The most recent book is an edited volume interest, fieldwork in Ghana and Kenya resulted in two entitled Discourses on Democracy: Africa in Comparative books: Shnring the Same Bowl: A Socioeconomic History of April/June 1995 Women and Class in Accra, Ghana and Healing Together Gave African-Americans in ASA, increase knowledge and Us Strength: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, awareness of Africa among legislators and educators 1890-1990, as well as two edited books and several dozen through a national campaign and African Diaspora articles. Since 1984 I have taught at Ohio State University, linkages, develop/fund African graduate students and where I am an associate professor. Awards received graduate programs in the US and Africa. include the Herskovits Book Award in 1985, Ford, SSRC/ACLS, American Philosophical Society, and Carolyn M. Somerville Fulbright Fellowships, among others. The first ASA Biographical Information meeting I attended was at Montreal in 1969. Intrigued by After graduating with a PhD in Political Science from such a beginning, I have been active in attempts to widen the University of Michigan, I began teaching at Hunter its membership to include more Africans and College of the City University of New York. I am an African-Americans. One vehicle for inclusivity has been associate professor in the Department of Political Science the Women's Caucus, whose vitality and growth are a and in the Women's Studies Program. Besides teaching, I matter of pride. I have been co-convenor for the Caucus, have been the Acting Director of the Women's Studies and organized a 1992 conference held in conjunction with Program, and Coordinator of the CUNY World Affairs the ASA meetin~ which brought together women Internship Program. At Hunter, I have endeavored to help involved in African women's studies based in Africa and students and faculty comprehend the realities of Africa. the US. Like C. L. R. James, I do not believe that equality To this end, I have worked to bring African scholars and is divisible or that African studies can fulfill its potential materials to the campus, including receiving a pluralism without full consideration of issues related to class, race, and diversity award which allowed me to establish a and gender. library of films and videos made by African Statement of Candidacy cinematographers. I have received research awards, The recent US elections should serve as a wake-up call including a Fulbright Research Award in 1988, which to organizations such as ASA concerning the decline of enabled me to do research in Senegal on structural public interest in Africa and funding for Title VI programs, adjustment and political democracy. and the failure of long-established programs to have a I have published in PS: Political Sdence and Politics and significant impact on public policy and knowledge. We Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. I have published articles need to use our national clout to enhance knowledge on the impact of structural adjustment and democracy in about Africa and influence policy-makers, as well as link Senegal, and a book on drought and aid in the Sahet West Africa and the US in public consciousness. One of the first Africa. My present research agenda includes democracy priorities should be a well-planned educational effort and economic crisis in Senegal and the impact of aimed at Congress. Also, expansion of multicultural democracy on Mozambican women. programming and education that links together Statement of Candidacy knowledge of African, Caribbean, and African-American The current political and economic environment perspectives would increase awareness of the importance presents major challenges for African Studies here and of Africa at both the secondary and university levels. abroad. The challenges in the coming years include Another priority is to further cooperation with African maintaining and strengthening the commitment of the US scholarly organizations such as CODESRIA AAWORD, public and US policy makers to Africa. and the African Academy of Sciences. We need also to 1. I would work to strengthen the role of the ASA in increase communications aimed at proViding knowledge directing US policy towards the continent. I would work to of scholarly opportunities in Africa and the US to African counter attempts by politicians and policy makers to erase scholars based in Africa. Electronic networkin~ scholarly Africa from the US foreign policy agenda. materials to remedy the book famine, and library security 2. I would work to improve the public's image of Africa resources for African universities would help. Exchange and to encourage Americans to understand the necessity of scholars to further cooperation and knowledge should for remaining involved with and concerned about African not be confined to the university levet but might be affairs. expanded to include secondary teachers through 3. I would reinforce ASA's relationships with African foundation funding. Lastly, funding opportunities for institutions, such as CODESRIA and AA WORD, and African graduate students in the US, and institutions concerned with research, trainin~ education, developing/funding graduate programs within African and the application of knowledge to issues of concern to universities need attention. Africans. I would work to encourage collaborative In sum, as a member of the ASA Board I would work research projects between African scholars living in Africa to: increase participation by Africans and

April/June 1995 and Africanists in this country. quantitative methods and an interdiSciplinary study of the 4. I would work to increase ASA's contacts and social context. collaborative projects with other area studies Statement of Candidacy organizations (such as MESA, LASA, etc.) to increase As a member of the board of governors, I would focus comparative research across the fields of regional studies. my energy on two challenges: 5. I would work to expand the contacts between the (1) To promote professional interaction between ASA and various African-American communities to work scholars and artists in North America and Africa. on areas of mutual concern. Americans need these connections to remain abreast of 6. Finally, working through educational and youth rapidly changing circumstances in Africa, and many institutions, I would work to foster in young Americans a African scholars need support to maintain their connection greater interest in and concern about Africa. to the global academic community. Given the continued uncertainty of funding for African studies, the ASA should Christopher Udry act as a facilitator to encourage and support a variety of Biographical Information small-scale efforts-scholarly exchanges; short-term While teaching secondary school in northern Ghana advanced training for African scholars; the supply of (1981-83), I decided to center my graduate work on the books, journals, and internet connectivity in African study of local economies in Africa within the diScipline of universities. The institutional visitors program must economics, but informed by work in other diSciplines. continue to develop, and the ASA should facilitate direct After field research in northern Nigeria (1986, 1988-89), I connections between North American and African completed my PhD at Yale in 1991. I chose to accept a job universities. Finally, the ASA should work closely with offer at Northwestern in large part because of the Africa-based networks of researchers such as CODESRIA interdisciplinary activity centered around our Program of and AERC to build connections between scholars in African Studies. During the five years I have been an Africa. assistant professor of economics at Northwestern, I have (2) To continue the daunting task of raising the served twice as the director/co-director of the visibility of African studies within economics, and to interdisciplinary Institute on Development in Africa-the encourage the participation of economists in the ASA. locus of much of the social science activity in PAS. I am a Western economists have real power in international member of the Nairobi-based African Economic Research financial institutions that fundamentally influence Consortium, and am working with the AERC and PAS to conditions in Africa. Accordingly, it is imperative that begin a visiting scholars program at Northwestern in economists begin to listen more carefully to, and to support of a new AERC effort to strengthen research on participate more readily in, the conversations which occur poverty in Africa. among Africanist scholars. This may be an opportune My teaching and research are guided by the goals of (1) moment, as the international financial institutions show arguing that an appreciation of the importance of the signs of a growing awareness of the need to work with diversity of the institutional and historical contexts in lower than state-level actors in Africa. Moreover, the which Africans live is essential for sensible economic discipline of economics can learn much by drawing on the analysis in Africa, and (2) drawing on the diversity of diversity of experience in Africa. In the long run, this economic experience in Africa to advance formal economic requires changes in graduate training in economics. methodology. Some examples from my research: However, the situation can be improved by encouraging In a series of papers based on field research, I argue that the participation of economists in panels at the ASA people in villages near Zaria, Nigeria have developed meetings, and by encouraging the participation of sophisticated, yet imperfect institutions in which much of Africanist economists (through, for example, the African the risk they face is shared through interlocking and Finance and Economic Association) in the American flexible credit transactions. In another series of papers I Economic Association. explore some of the conflicts over resources within "households" in Burkina Faso. By examining the use of labor on plots controlled by husbands and wives, I rest (and reject) the standard household model which forms the foundation of much microeconomic analysis in Africa and elsewhere. I will soon begin fieldwork in Ghana on community regulation of the local environment, and innovative activity in agriculture. Ineach instance, the project requires both the development of new formal

AprillJune 1995 ASA REPS MEET JAPANESE AFRICANISTS IN TOKYO ASA President Goran Hyden and Executive Director Following the area studies general meetings in Tokyo, Edna Bay represented the Association in March at a Japan­ the Japanese and American Africanists met at Keio Univer­ USA area studies conference in Tokyo. The conference was sity, a meeting that was organized by Japan Association conceived as part of a continuing series of encounters be­ for African Studies GAAfS) Board Member Masao Yoshida tween US-based area studies associations and counterpart and JAAfS President Kanenori Suwa. For the future, the organizations in other countries. It followed meetings in ASA representatives agreed to seek approval of the ASA Quebec with Canadian-based organizations (1993) and in Board for a proposal that members of JAAfS be offered Puerto Rico with Latin American-based associations ASA member rates for registration at the 1996 ASA annual (1994). All were sponsored by NCASA, the National Coun­ meeting in San Francisco, and that Japanese scholars be cil of Area Studies Associations, of which ASA is a found­ encouraged to participate in ASA meetings generally. Less ing member and which includes the four other US-based concrete were suggestions that Japanese and American associations for area studies outside the US: the Middle scholars could link up with each other and African col­ East Studies Association, the Latin American Studies As­ leagues through electronic communications, that Japanese sociation, the American Association for the Advancement scholars might get more actively involved in book dona­ of Slavic Studies and the Association for Asian Studies. Be­ tions projects for Africa and that research projects might cause of the importance of American studies in Japan, the be devised that would involve scholars from Japan, North Tokyo conference also included representatives of the US­ America and Africa. based American Studies Association (yet another ASA!). Japanese and American approaches to African studies Funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Part­ vary a good deal, and in their variations the two traditions nership, the Tokyo conference was a two-day meeting in­ of scholarship offer possibilities for effective collaboration. volving about 30 formal participants and a varying num­ The direction of much Japanese research has been from the ber of observers. Japanese and American presenters gave natural sciences and to a lesser extent the social sciences, brief papers on topics such as the place of area studies with economic and political questions central to the latter. within the academy and the possibilities for multilateral Research on ecology, medical questions, agriculture and cooperation among associations of area studies. Participa­ primates are typical of many projects. Japanese approaches tion by all of the associations meant that discussion was of differ, too, in that nearly all field research is carried out by necessity general, and was to some extent inhibited by the teams of scholars rather than individuals. One remarkable necessities of translation, there being only one Japanese difference emerged in the overall conference sessions, speaker among the American delegates, and many Japa­ when one of the American Latin Americanists queried Jap­ nese participants with only a modicum of spoken English. anese attitudes toward the potential benefits to the coun­ The timing of the conference was fortuitous, for the Japa­ try studied of the work of area studies scholars. Japanese nese have recently founded a Japan Center for Area Stud­ scholars responded that, since they could provide only an ies, which is housed in the National Museum of Ethnology outsider's view, their studies might be of little benefit to in Osaka, and which is just beginning to develop plans for their countries of interest. creating networks and promoting comparative studies. Thanks to funding from the JAAfS, Hyden and Bay were Following the general sessions of the conference, each also whisked across country on the famous shinkansen set of area studies associations met independently to dis­ (bullet train) to the best-known site for African studies in cuss bilateral relations. From the perspective of African Japan, the University of Kyoto. In a visit organized by Pro­ studies, the Tokyo conference was only one of a series of fessors Jori Tanaka and Makoto Kakeya, Hyden gave a encounters between American and Japanese Africanists seminar and the Americans were treated to a traditional within the past few years. Two important meetings, one dinner by their Japanese hosts. There, with the non­ held in Los Angeles in 1992 and a second in Tokyo in Japanese shifting positions awkwardly on their cushions, 1993, began conversations between the two sides. Contacts the Americans and Japanese enjoyed one of those moments were further enhanced by a good representation of Japa­ that we all treasure. As quantities of beer and sake washed nese scholars on the program of the 1992 ASA meeting in down raw fish and pickled vegetables, the conversation Seattle. began to move comfortably back and forth between Eng­ lish and Swahili - a deliciously international experience.

April/June 1995 ASA Protests McConnell Foreign Aid Bill

ASA President Goran Hyden sent the follawing letter to 22 The second is that such a restricting of U.S. foreign members of Congress, including members of the Senate's assistance to a few countries in Europe and the Middle East Subcommittee on African Affairs, the House Subcommittee on limits our flexibility on the global scene, particularly in Africa, and the Senate Appropriations Committee. other areas, including Africa, which no doubt will keep being contested. February 10, 1995 The third is that conveying foreign assistance in large sums through a limited number of projects or programs The Honorable Nancy L. Kassebaum, Chairperson runs against the grain of experience that has been gained Subcommittee on African Affairs from foreign aid. In fact, some of the best results have been United States Senate achieved by portioning out aid in small amounts through institutions suited to do so. It is for this reason that we Dear Senator Kassebaum: deplore the proposal to close the African Development Foundation and the Development for Africa fund, which I am writing to you on behalf of the African Studies has also been instrumental in supporting small-scale, Association, the largest U.S.-based professional association community-based development work. of persons interested in Africa, with a membership of over The fourth is that focusing on relief and emergency aid 3200 drawn from individuals and institutions mainly in for Africa is a shortsighted strategy that will come back the United States but also in Canada, Africa and Europe. and haunt legislators in the future. While such aid in many Our concern is the proposed legislation, announced last cases is inevitable, it should not be justified as the only month by Senator McConnell, which includes a radical useful intervention in Africa. Foreign aid, if supplied in a revision in the foreign aid system. manner that allows recipients to take responsibility for it, While we all know that foreign aid has often been a can help countries develop and thus preempt escalation of mixed blessing to recipients, there are plenty of instances crises. It can also help lay the foundation for future growth where such assistance has greatly contributed to national in a region that if not tomorrow, then surely in the near development. Technical assistance to the government of future, will be an increasingly important partner of the Botswana is one example; support of non-governmental United States both in trade and diplomacy. organizations working with community development and We hope that these considerations will prevail as related issues is another. At a time when foreign aid is members of the Senate's Appropriations Committee meet subject to criticism from many comers, it is important to to consider Senator McConnell's initiative. remember these and many other examples of success from many parts of Africa. Yours sincerely, The development aid picture in Africa is by no means as dismal as many critics of foreign aid (and Africa) tend to GoranHyden make it. What is needed at this point is not a blanket President, African Studies Association rejection of the existing system but a closer look at what works and how success can be replicated. Unless Congress is ready to throw good money after bad, this implies a Buy This Book! more careful approach than the notion that U.S. aid in the In January, the ASA received a donation of $264 future should be given contingent only upon a country's representing publishers' royalties for Governance and commitment to free market principles and its direct Politics in Africa (Boulder: Lynn Rienner, 1992) edited relevance to U.S. security interests. There are four reasons by Michael Bratton and Goran Hyden. The co-editors why we believe that the proposed legislation is good and authors agreed that all royalties would be neither for the U.S. nor for Africa. donated to the ASA's Challenge Grant Campaign. The first is that restricting U.S. national interest to Along with other gifts received by the Association, the Europe and the Middle East is a narrow-minded royalties are being matched on a one dollar-for-three perspective that disregards the historical connection of basis by the National Endowment for the Humanities. tens of millions of African-Americans to the continent, as We appreciate the contributors' generosity. Won't well as the concerns of millions of other Americans with you consider doing the same with your next royalty business, professional, church and personal ties to Africa. check?

AprillJune 1995 ASA 1994 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following documents comprise the collected papers of the 37th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held in Toronto, Canada from November 3 through 6, 1994. Individual papers are available at $5 each for ASA members and $6 for non-members. Complete sets of the papers in photocopy, microfilm, or microfiche form are availablefor $375. When ordering individual papers, please include the order numberfollowing each entry (e.g. 1994:21).

Aas, Norbert. Conventions of Seeing and the So-Called Press in the 1990s in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Zambia. Intellectual African Artists in Germany. 1994:1 1994:21 Adibe, Clement Erne. Institutionalist Theory and the Bratton, Michael. Popular Participation in Transition ECOWAS Intervention in Liberia. 1994:2 Elections in Africa: Some Observations. 1994:22 Afoaku, Osita G. The Possibilities of Ethnonationalism in Brenner, Louis. Becoming Muslim in Soudan Franfais. Post-Mobutu Zaire. 1994:3 1994:23 Alabi, Adeyato. Africa Reconfigured Through Literary Briere, Eloise A. Teaching L'Enfant Noir Again/Against Criticism: From Textual to Secular Reading of Colonial Master Allah Tantou. 1994:24 Texts. 1994:4 Brinkman, Inge. Imagining Past and Present in Kikuyu Ali, Ahmed Q. Land Rush in Southern Somalia. 1994:5 Gender Norms. 1994:25 Anglin, Douglas G. International Monitoring of the South Bryant, De. The Role of Academicians in International African Elections. 1994:6 Development: Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Arthur, G. F. Kojo. Cloth as Metaphor: Some Aspects of the Community Change. 1994:26 Akan Philosophy as Encoded in the Adinkra Cloth. 1994:7 ,*Burgess, Stephen F. Non-Governmental Organizations and Aryeetey, Ernest, and William F. Steel. Savings Collectors the State in Africa: Competition and Conflict Avoidance in and Financial Intermediation in Ghana. 1994:8 Rural Zimbabwe. 1994:27 Ashbaugh, Leslie. Mobile People and Personal Narratives Bustin, Edouard. Idiosyncracies ofPolitical Culture in from Lusaka's Hinterland: Ethnographies ofTransition. "Francophone" Africa and Their Incidence on the 1994:9 Democratization Process. 1994:28 Ayele, Negussay. On the Meaning and Modalities of Caffentzis, C. George. Academic Staff Unions and Structural Reparations. 1994:10 Adjustment in Africa: Robespierre versus Newton? 1994:29 Ayodo, Awuor. The African Woman Writer in the 1990s: Campbell, Bonnie, and Jennifer Clapp. Guinea's Economic Old Goals; New Visions. 1994:11 Performance Under Structural Adjustment: The Importance of Babarinde, Olufemi A. Africa, Caribbean, and the Pacific Mining and Agriculture. 1994:30 Countries and the New Europe: Is the Lome Convention Cattell, Maria G. Gender, Age and Power: Hierarchy and Doomed? 1994:12 Liminality Among Abuluyia Women of Kenya. 1994:31 Barker, Jonathan S. Local Political Space: An Approach to Chale, Fides S. Gender and Structural Adjustment in Theory and Research on Participation. 1994:13 Tanzania: A Grassroots Perspective on Education. 1994:32 Basu, Ananyo. The Concept of Person in African Philosophy. Clark, Andrew F. Freedom Villages and the Demise of Slavery 1994:14 in the Upper Senegal Valley, 1887-1910: A Reassessment. Belcher, Stephen. But Where is the Throne? Recalled Ritual 1994:33 and the Cycle of Segou. 1994: 15 Cleaver, Kevin, and W. Graeme Donovan. Agriculture, Berry, Sara. Unanswered Questions, Recycled Ideas: Problems Poverty and Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa. 1994:34 of "Explaining" African Development. 1994:16 Cobbe, James. On the Economic Impact ofMigrant Labor on Bhana, Surendra. Race and Ethnicity in the Context of White Lesotho. 1994:35 Supremacy: The Natal Indian Congress, 1894-1994. 1994:17 Coplan, David B. Reconfiguring Migrancy: Basotho Migrants Biesele, Megan. Democratization in Namibia: The View from and the "Retrenchment Industry" on the South African Mines. "The Bottom Rung." 1994:18 1994:36 Borer, Tristan Anne. Spiraling Involvement: The Politiciza­ Cordell, Dennis D. The Local Contexts of Low Fertility in the tion of South African Churches. 1994:19 Central African Republic, 1890-1960. 1994:37 Boughton, Duncan, John M. Staatz, and James D. Shaffer. Covington-Whitmore, K. Shifting Loyalties: An Examination Analyzing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Commodity ofMedia Reports About Ethiopia Before and After the Cold War. Subsectors: Currency Devaluation and the Maize Subsector in 1994:38 Mali. 1994:20 Cunningham, Rodney D. The Political Attitudes ofNigerian Bourgault, Louise M. The Flowering of Democracy and the College Students, 1992-1993. 1994:39 April/June 1995 ~---Ii

Davison, Jean. Matriliny and the Durability of "Banja" Struggles to Control the History of the Forest in the Central Household Production in Southern Malawi. 1994:40 African Republic. 1994:62 DeTray, Stephen. Collective Versus Private Routes to Gocking, Roger. Inventing Chieftancy in the Akan Coastal Equitable Development: The Case of Recent Cooperative Communities ofthe Gold Coast. 1994:63 Reforms in Tanzania. 1994:41 Gray, Christopher. The Disappearing District: The Decline of Deybe, Daniel, and Mohamed Bendaoud. Consideration of Precolonial Space in Southern Gabon, 1850-1940. 1994:64 Long-run Effects in Choosing Farming Systems in Morocco. Green, Deborah. U. S. Foreign Policy and the Democratization 1994:42 of Zaire: Current Status and Future Prospects. 1994:65 Dhada, Mustafah. Diplomacy and Foreign Aid During Grimm, Curt D. Increasing Participation in the Context of Guinea-Bissau's Liberation Struggle. 1994:43 African Political Liberalization: The Benin Budget Crisis of Dicklitch, Susan. Defining Political Space: The Uses of Local 1994 and Its Implications Jar Donors. 1994:66 Resistance Councils in Jinja, Uganda. 1994:44 Gueye, Souleymane. Measuring Capital Flight from a Digre, Brian. Self-Determination in Tanganyika: The Elections Monetary Union: The Case of West African Monetary Union. of1958-59. 1994:45 1994:67 Dupre, Marie-Claude. The Dynamics of the Teke Land ~Harison, Holly. Reconfiguring the Social Order: The NJoral Applied to Forest People by the Tsayi: An Historical Survey. '. Uses of Land in Buganda, 1900"'-1927. 1994:68 ,,/ 1994:46 Hameit-Sievers, Axel. African Business, "Economic Dzvimbo, Kuzvinetsa P. Teacher Education Reform in Nationalism", and British Colonial Policy: Southern Nigeria, Zimbabwe: Collaboration Between a Canadian University and 1935-54. 1994:69 the University of Zimbabwe. 1994:47 Hart, Elizabeth I. Structural Adjustment, the Private Sector Elango, Lovett, and A. G. Adebayo. Africa North and South and the Problem of Confidence: The Development of of the Sahara: Demystifying a Revisionist Paradigm. 1994:48 Government-Private Sector Policy Consultation in Ghana. Fabre, Pierre. Competitive Challenges of African Agricultural 1994:70 Exports: A Ca_~.StudyafJhe Banana,:Filiere...'~.J.99.4:49..--." .. ,- )Heneveld, Ward. Qualitative Research for Policy-Making in 1r, Laura. In the Dressing Room of Identity: Clothing, Class,/' Education: The Madagascar Experience. 1994:71 "and Ethnicity in Zanzibar, 185Q:~~~Q.. .l994:50 .,,- Holtzman, John S. Subsector Analysis and Agribusiness Fa~yoae:-Recon)igUring Military Involvement in Investment and Promotion Projects: Are They Compatible? Politics: The Case of Nigeria. 1994:51 1994:72 Fisiy, Cyprian F. Law Out ofContext: Witchcraft Trials in Hope, Sr., Kempe Ronald. Managing Development Policy in Cameroon. 1994:52 Botswana: Implementing ReformsJar Rapid Change. 1994:73 Fisiy, Cyprian F. In Search of Recognition: Pseudo-Traditional Hom, Nancy E. Still Invisible: Women Microentrepreneurs Titles Among the New Elite in Nso, North-West Cameroon. and the Economic Crisis in Zimbabwe. 1994:74 1994:53 Hountondji, Paulin J. Producing Knowledge in Africa Today. Foltz, WilliamJ. Democracy, Development and the Military: 1994:7~_.. _~ ___-.-.-----'-·-, ..-~ Some Lessons from Africa. 1994:54 (HOii'Se-Mid.a.m.b.a, Bessie. Mothers, Daughters, and Trade: ) Fonge, Fuabeh P. Tiko Drank and Kumba Got Drunk: (Degendering S!!i1.1cgic., EC01:lomicTerraiJdn..~ Politics, Kleptomania and the Plight ofthe Cameroonian Civil 'Hughes, Sarah M. Migration, Remittances, Investment, and Servant. 1994:55 Economic Development in the Senegal River Valley. 1994:77 Ford, Robert E. Settlement Structure and Landscape Ecology Iyam, David Uro. Water is Thicker Than Blood: Alternate in the Sahel: The Case of Northern Yatenga, Burkina Faso. Bonds in the Assumed Pre-Eminence ofAfrican Kinship 1994:56 Relations. 1994:78 Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. Elite Political Instability, Economic Jackson, Gordon S. Media, Change and the "New South Growth, and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa": Shaping the Post-Apartheid Press, 1994:79 1994:57 Jalata, Asafa. The Imperial Interstate System in Action: U. S. Fredland, Richard A. A Decade of the AIDS Pandemic in and Soviet Policies Toward Ethiopia Compared. 1994:80 Africa: Politics and Policy. 1994:58 James, Carl E. Becoming Teachers: Experiences of African Gershoni, Yekutiel. Diseases, Image and Race Discrimination Canadian Teacher Candidates in an Access Program. 1994:81 in Africa at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century. 1994:59 Jega, Attahiro M. Nigerian Universities and Academic Staff Geshekter, Charles L. Rethinking AIDS in Africa. 1994:60 Under Military Rule. 1994:82 Gewald, J. B. Seeking to Return? Herero Exiles, 1904-1923. Jegede, Dele. Art in a State ofAnomie: the Nigerian Case. 1994:61 1994:83 Giles-Vernick, Tamara. Conservation and Consumption: Jell-Bahlsen, Sabine. Can the Arts be Transformed to Death?

AprillJune 1995 Some Instances from Southeastern Nigeria. 1994:84 Community Based System of Social Work Practice. 1994:107 Jules-Rosette, Benetta. Rhythms and Images of Black Paris: Ludwar-Ene, Gudrun, and Gabriele Wurster. The Gender The Works ofThree Cameroonian Novelists in France. 1994:85 Dimension in the Urban-Rural Connection in Kenya and Jumare, Ibrahim M. Gender, Class and Land Tenure in the Nigeria: With Particular Reference to Urban Professionals in Sokato Sultanate ofNigeria. 1994: 86 Nairobi and Calabar. 1994:108 Kaiser, Paul J. Culture and Civil Society in an International Mabala, Richard S. The Taming ofAnimation: Is Government Context: The Case ofAga Khan Health-Care Initiatives in Animation a Contradiction in Terms? 1994:109 Tanzania. 1994:87 Madure, Richard. Changing Assumptions ofAfrican Kalipeni, Ezekiel. The AIDS Pandemic in Malawi: A Somber Schooling and the Prospects of NGO Involvement in Reforming Reflection. 1994:88 Children's Education. 1994:110 Kane, Mouhamed Moustapha. Islam and Society in Senegal: MacRae, Suzanne H. Yeelen's Cinematic Politics. 1994:111 The Impact of Islam on the Business Environment in Dakar. Mahadi, Abdullahi. Current Research Trends in Northern 1994:89 Nigeria: The Perspective from Arewa House. 1994:112 Kasozi, A. B. K. The Origins of Violence in Uganda: An Majak, Damazo Out. The History of the Southern Sudanese Explanatory Model. 1994:90 Students' Movement and the Liberation of the Southern Sudan. Kassim, Mohamed M. Bravanese Oral Traditions and the 1994:113 Lakum Incident. 1994:91 Maxwell, Daniel G. Internal Struggles over Resources, Kazarow, Patricia A. Contemporary African Art Music: External Struggles for Survival: Urban Agriculture as an Global Implications. 1994:92 Economic Strategy in Kampala. 1994:114 Khadiagala, Gilbert M. The New South Africa in Southern Maylam, Paul. Writing About "Natives in Towns": Trends in Africa. 1994:93 the Study of African Urbanism in Twentieth Century South Khan, M. Mahmud, and Shawn K. Baker. Labor Absorption Africa. 1994:115 and Vulnerabili(y to Food and Nutritional Stress--A Case Study .Mboma, Lucy M. The Impact of Structural Adjustment (SAP) ofMadagascar. 1994:94 at Household Level in Tanzania. 1994:116 Klouda, Tony. Organisations and AIDS: The Development of McClendon, Thomas V. Kufanele Ukusebenza Isithupa: Coping Responses. 1994:95 Fathers, Sons and the Labor Tenant Contract in 1930's Natal. Konneh, Augustine. The Movement of Independent African 1994:117 Churches in Southern Africa: The Case of Zimbabwe. 1994:96 ;'1,. McKnight, Glenn H. Reconfiguring Development Policy in Koponen, Juhani. Colonialism and Development: The Case of '=

Kuntz, Patricia S. Swahili-L: Using Computer Technology to Definitions of IIAfrica," Past and Present. 1994:121 Promote African Language Literacy. 1994:100 Moss, Barbara A. "We Cannot Steal Another Man's Sheep": Kunz, Frank A. Changing Perspectives on Political Conflict in African Christians on the Colonial Range. 1994:122 Africa. 1994:101 Mukyala-Makiika, Rebecca. The Ripples that Pinch, Which Is Kusimba, Chapurukha M. The Social Context of Iron Forging the Best Arena? Some Reflections on Women's Movement, on the Kenya Coast. 1994:102 Organizations and Their Interface with Political Reforms in J: Laakso, Liisa. Voting Without Choosing: State and Uganda. 1994:123 , Democratization in Zimbabwe. 1994:103 Muller, Carol. Pathways to the Mountain Top: Icons of LaGamma, Alisa. Unimaginable Sacrifices: The Allure of Spirituality in Nazarite Women's Song, Dream Narratives, and Muyama. 1994:104 Bead Work. 1994:124 Lata, Leenco. The Making and Un-making of Ethiopia's Murphy, Brian Martin. New Media, New Power Relations? Transitional Charter. 1994:105 Information Policy and the Information Superhighway: The Case of Southern Africa. 1994:125 Lindeke, William A. Reconfiguring Namibia: Four Years of Nault, Derrick. World War I and Nyasaland's Food Economy. Democracyand Development. 1994:106 1994:126 Logan, Sadye L. Teaching About Africa: An Exemplarfor a April/June 1995 Ndlovu, Scotch M. Ndebeles and Shonas in Zimbabwe: A From Defection to Cooperation. 1994:149 Case Study of Ethnic Conflict Resolution. 1994:127 Rovine, Victoria. Bogolan in Bamako: The Revitalization ofa Newman, James L. The Origins of African Rural Settlement. Traditional Art Form. 1994:150 1994:128 Rusimbi, Mary. SAP For Whom? Grassroots Perspectives. Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. The Democracy Movement in 1994:151 Zaire, 1956-1994. 1994:129 Rutherford, Blair. Domesticating Tropes and Contestations Okeny, Kenneth. The Elusive Concept: Why Federalism Has over Domesticity on Commercial Farms in Zimbabwe: Colonial Eluded the Sudan Since Independence. 1994:130 Governance and Farm Workers' Responses in Hurungwe Okoampa-Ahoofe, Jr., Kwame. Afrocentric Curriculum and District. 1994:152 Literature: A "Pleocentric" Call. 1994:131 Sadowsky, Jonathan. Domination and DiIlgnosis: The Okolie, Andrew C. Oil Rents, International Aid Regime, and "Lunatic Asylums" of Colon illI Nigeria as a Political Frontier. Agrarian Policies in Nigeria,1970-1992. 1994:132 1994:153 Omwanda, Lewis Odhiambo. The lilrge Families of Kenya: Sahn, David E., Paul Dorosh, and Stephen Younger. A Contextual Analysis of Communication Effects on Exchange Rate, Fiscal and Agricultural Policies in Africa: Does Contraceptive Use Among Kenyan Women. 1994:133 Adjustment Hurt the Poor? 1994:154 Osirim, Mary J. Trading in the Midst of Uncertainty: Market Sarnoff, Joel, Ihron Rensburg, and Zelda Groener. From Women, Adjustment and the Prospects for Development in Critique to Consultation to Curriculum: Education Policy in Zimbabwe. 1994:134 Post-Apartheid South Africa. 1994:155 Ottaway, Marina. The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization Scarritt, James R., and Solomon M. Nldwane. The Effects of or New Authoritarianism? 1994:135 Economic Inequalityand Political Uncertainty on Friends and Oyler, Dianne White. Mande Identity Through Literacy: The Neighbors: Zambill-Zimbabwe Relations Since 1980. 1994:156 N'ko Writing System as an Agent of Cultural Nationalism. Schlottner, Michael. Dispersed Strangers? Aspects of Identity 1994:136 and Pawer Among "Mande-Speaking " Immigrants in Northern Payne, Richard J. African Americans and U.S. Policy Taward Ghana and Burkina Faso. 1994:157 Post-Apartheid South Africa. 1994:137 Schoenbrun, David Lee. Gendered Histories Between the Pearce, Tola Olu. Hated by Society: Perceptions ofFemale Great Lakes: Varieties and Limits. 1994:158 Infertility Among the Yoruba. 1994:138 Schwartz, Nancy. This Chalice is a Blade: Gaudencia Aoko's Perinbam, B. Marie. Identity Ritual and the State in the "Breakout" from Legio Maria and the Formation of the Bamako Kafu and Mande-Hinterland. 1994:139 Communion Church ofAfrica in Kenya. 1994:159 Pitcher, Anne. Conflict or Cooperation? Gendered Roles and Seppala, Pekka. The Politics of Economic Diversification: Responsibilities Amongst Cotton Households in Northern Local Strategies to Combat Dependency in a Rural ViUage in Mozambique. 1994:140 South-East Tanzania. 1994:160 Popenoe, Rebecca. The Expression of Value Through the Shaw, Timothy M. Africa Reconfigured: The Continent in the Female Body in Azawagh Arab Society (Niger). 1994:141 "New" International Divisions of lilbour and Pawer. 1994:161 Quirin, James. Themes in the Socioethnic History of Shettima, Kole Ahmed. Beyond the Politics of Oil: Politics, Northwestern Ethiopia, 1300-1900. 1994:142 Identity and Environmental Change in the Yobe Basin of Rasmussen, Susan J. The Cultural Construction of Northern Nigeria. 1994:162 Menopause and Perimenopause Among the Tuareg of Niger. Shorey, Denise M. Integrating the Internet into Africana 1994:143 Library Instruction. 1994:163 Reno, William. Foreign Investment, Administrative "Reform" Siegel, Brian. Myth as Historical Metaphor: The lilmba, Chief and The Deinstitutionalization ofAfrican States. 1994:144 Chipimpi, and the Yeke. 1994:164 Resch, Tim Community-Based Natural Resources Silla, Eric. Dealing with Stigma and Difference: The Case of Management: Policy, Practice and Results. 1994:145 Leprosy in Mali. 1994:165 Reynolds, Andrew. The Importance of Electoral System and Sindzingre, Alice N. Industrie, Ajustement et "Entrepreneur­ Constitutional Design to the New Democracies ofSouthern ship" en C(}te D'Ivoire et au Ghana. 1994:166 Africa. 1994:146 Snyder, Katherine A. Rituals for the lilnd and Community: Roberts, Matthew. Business Responses to HIV/AIDS in the Restoring Harmony and Fertility Among the Iraqw of Northern African Formal Sector Workplace: Findings ofa Kenya Needs Tanzania. 1994:167 Assessment. 1994:147 Soderlund, Walter c., and Ronald H. Wagenberg. Race and Roeber, Carter A. Shylocks, Mabisinesi, and the Apamwamba: Gender in TV News Coverage of Cuba, 1988-1992. 1994:168 The Politics ofCredit on the Eve of the Third Republic. 1994:148 Solomon, R Patrick, and David A. Brown. Black Culture Rothchild, Donald. On Implementing Africa's Peace Accords: and Subculture as Forms of School Resistance. 1994:169

April/June 1995 Sorenson, John. Development Implications for a Reconfigured Reproductive Health: The Case of the Sahel. 1994:190 Ethiopia. 1994:170 Yongo-Bure, B. The Benefits of at Least Two Sudans. 1994:191 Stahl, Ann B. Power and Chieftancy in an Asante Province: A Zaffiro, James J. Re-Designing External Policy for the Next View from Banda. 1994:171 Quarter-Century: The New World Order from a Botswana Stein, Howard. The World Bank and Capacity Building and Perspective. 1994:192 Good Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Theoretical Zilberg, Jonathan. Shona Sculpture versus Airport Art: Evaluation. 1994:172 Battles in the Marketplace. 1994:193 Storey, William K. Small-Scale Sugar Cane Farmers and Fetter, Bruce, and Stowell Kessler. Death by Concentration: Biotechnology in Mauritius: The "Uba" Riots of1937. The Burgher Camps at Barberton and Nylstroom. 1994:194 1994:173 Jell-Bahlsen, Sabine. People! Nature! Water Spirits: Oru Igbo Strickland, Bradford. Witchcraft and AIDS: Some Arts and Rituals. 1994:195 Negotiations ofPower Among the Kunda of Eastern Zambia. Layachi, Azzedine. Democratization vs. Stability in North 1994;174 Africa: A Western Foreign Policy Dilemma. 1994:196 Swatuk, Larry A. Environmental Crises and Prospects for Southern African Regional Cooperation. 1994:175 Taddia, Irma. New Research on Eritrean History: Nineteenth/Twentieth Centuries. 1994:176 Takougang, Joseph. The Press and the Democratization Process in Africa: The Case of the Republic ofCameroon. 1994:177 Taylor, Raymond M. Genealogy, Gender and Tribal Discourse in the Pre-Colonial Southwest Sahara. 1994:178 Rwandan Reconstruction Thom, William G. The Changing Nature ofMilitary Conflict and National Security in Africa South of the Sahara: A The ASA is US distributor for a special English­ Commentary. 1994:179 language issue of Traits d'Union Rwanda that deals Trager, Lillian. Rural-Urban Linkilges and Local Development with the problems and processes of political and in Nigeria: Whose Agenda? What Impact? 1994:180 social reconstruction in Rwanda. Translated into Turner, J. Michael. The 1993 Multiparty Conference on English from the original French, the magazine Mozambique's Draft Electoral Law: A Transition Process in juxtaposes opinions of politicians, military Microcosm. 1994:181 commanders and civil leaders. It is based on a Vener, Jessica I. The Onset ofTransition from Single to compilation of some 20 exclusive interviews of Multiparty Politics: A Case Study of Tanzania. 1994:182 leading voices for the future of Rwanda. Vestal, Theodore M. An Analysis of the New Constitution of The magazine was produced by three Belgium­ Ethiopia and the Process of Its Adoption. 1994:183 based NGOs: Coopibo, Vredeseilanden and Villalon, Leonardo A. Debating Change and Democracy in SOS-Faim. Niger: Transition and the Fate of the Code de la Famille. For a copy, send $10 to ASA, Credit Union 1994:184 Building, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322. Wakoson, Elias NyamlelL Political Elite-Military Symbiotic Relationship in Sudanese Politics: Its Impact on South-North Conflict. 1994:185 Washington, Shirley. The Implications ofConflict Between the Clinton Administration's Foreign Policy, TransAfrica, and the Congressional Black Caucus. 1994:186 Willis, Justin. Personal Names and the Construction of Social Identities Among the Bondei and Giryama. 1994:187 Wolf, Thomas P. "Paying the Price?": The Personal Gains and Losses ofLocal Government Activists in the 1992 Kenya General Election. 1994:188 Wooten, Stephen. Urban Growth and Rural Transformation: A Case Study of Fresh Produce Production in a Malian Village. 1994:189 Yanco, Jennifer J. Macro-Economic Policies and Women's

April/June 1995 ANNOUNCEMENTS FUTURE MEETINGS

• The Women's Caucus of the ASA seeks to promote the study of gender within the various disciplines & CALLS FOR represented in the ASA, ensure an active representative role for women Africanists within the ASA, and develop PAPERS links between the ASA and women in Africa. The Caucus encourages the participation and membership of graduate • The Sudan Studies Association announces its 14th students and women in Africa. A mentor directory is annual meeting to be held at Villanova University from available through the Caucus. Membership dues are May 4-6, 1995. For information contact Malik Balla, 1005 scaled to income, and membership and mailings to Shelter Lane, Lansing, MI48912. Tel: (517) 353-4862, fax: women in Africa are free of charge. For infonnation (517) 432-2737. contact Judith Byfield, Dartmouth College, Department of History, Hanover, NH 03755-3506. Tel: (603) 646-2365, e-mail: judith.byfield®dartmouth.edu or Lidwien • The International Center of Studies, Research, and Kapteijns, Wellesley College, Department of History, Reactivating of Literature and Arts announces an Wellesley, MA 02181. Tel: (617) 235-0320, e-mail: international symposium on "The Environment, Creation, [email protected]. and Life: Towards the Reconstruction of the Great Harmony," in Dakar-St. Louis, Senegal from December • Larry W. Bowman of the University of Connecticut 4-12,1995. Symposium themes are Creation and the has recently issued Catalogue No.2: The Indian Ocean, its Environment, The Environment and Culture, and Towards Islands, and the African and Asian Littoral, featuring the Great Harmony. Working languages are English and antiquarian books, prints, and maps on the Indian Ocean French. Registration deadline is June 30, 1995. For region and especially the Indian Ocean islands. This information contact Aminata Sowfall or Alssatou Dia, catalogue will be sent free to anyone requesting a copy. CAEC BP 5332, Post de Fann-Dakar (Senegal). Tel: (221) Contact Larry W. Bowman,458 Middle Turnpike, Storrs, 2103 10, fax: (221) 215109. CT 06268. Tel: (203) 486-3355, fax: (203) 486-3347, e-mail: [email protected]. • The Association for the Advancement of Policy, Research, and Development in the Third World invites FELLOWSHIPS and solicits proposals for research papers, panels, workshops, and roundtables for possible presentation and .National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships inclusion in a Global Conference on Poverty Alleviation support six to twelve months of full-time, uninterrupted and Social Development. Themes are: role of science and study and research for projects that will make significant appropriate technology; culture and human values; contributions to the humanities. NEH Fellowships can be education and training; health and medicine; housing and used to work on books, monographs, series of articles, urban development; industry and labor manpower, and interpretive catalogues to accompany exhibitions. ecology, environment, and quality of life; population and While NEH Fellowships cannot be used to catalogue or rural development; role of political leadership in social organize collections or to prepare exhibitions, such work policy; role of professionals in highlighting social issues. may be eligible through programs in the Division of Public Deadline is September 15, 1995. Send proposal and Programs, or the Division of Preservation and Access. biographical statement to Mekki Mtewa, Executive The application deadline for 1996-97 NEH Fellowships Director, Association for the Advancement of Policy, is May I, 1995. There are two competitions for NEH Research, and Development in the Third World, PO Box Fellowships. One is for scholars in undergraduate colleges 70257, Washington, DC 20024-0257. Tel/fax: (202) and universities, for independent scholars, and for 723-7010. scholars associated with institutions such as museums, libraries, and historical societies. The second program is for scholars at PhD-granting universities. For information • The Southwest Historical Association will meet in contact Division of Research Programs, National conjunction with the Southwestern Social Science Endowment for the Humanities, Room 316, 1100 Association in Houston, TX, March 20-23,1996. Proposals Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20506. Tel: for papers or sessions in US History, European/Asian (202) 606-8466. April/June 1995 History, and Latin American/ African History should be institutional affiliation, mailing address, and phone and sent to Pedro Santoni, Department of History, California fax numbers must be included. Abstracts must be received State University-San Bernadino, 5500 University Parkway, by April 14, 1995. Authors of selected abstracts will be CA 92407-2397. Proposals for complete sessions are notified by May IS, 1995. Send materials to Kwadwo especially encouraged, as are suggestions for Bawuah, Department of Economics and Finance, Virginia interdisciplinary sessions, panels, and roundtables. The State University, Petersburg, VA 23806. Fax: (804) deadline for proposals is October I, 1995. Paper prizes of 524-5541. $100 will be awarded in each of the three categories.

+The Society for Ethnomusicology announces its 40th annual meeting to be held at the Biltmore Hotel, Los Angeles, CA from October 19-22, 1995. Preconference EMPLOYMENT symposia include "Bart6k Reconsidered" (October 17-18), and "Music and Technology" (October 18). For information OPPORTUNITIES contact Victoria Lindsay Levine, Music Department, Colorado College, 14 E Cache la Poudre, Colorado The Ford Foundation is seeking a staff member in Springs, CO 80903. Nairobi to develop, monitor, and evaluate program activities in reproductive health and gender relations in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. The program focus~ on + The Institute of African Studies, Legon, announces an research on the social and behavioral aspects of sexuahty international conference on Oral Literature and the and gender, community initiatives for change, and Academy at the University of Ghana, Legon, October advocacy of sexual and reproductive rights. The staff 24~30, 1995. Sub-themes are gender and forms of social member will work closely with African profeSSionals on discourse; communication strategies in oral literature; the research and training issues. The ideal candidate will have media and oral literature; canon formation and oral a demonstrated understanding of reproductive health and literature; performance and development; interface, oral gender issues; a broad perspective on development, and literature, and popular culture; oral literature and the substantial field experience in developing countries, scientific tradition in Africa. Special session and keynote preferably Africa; a PhD in a health-related social science address on "Oral Literature and Traditions of Japan." field; strong conceptual and writing skills; ability to work Highlights of the conference will include keynote address, effectively with persons of diverse backgrounds; and plenary sessions, live performances and workshops by fluency in Kiswahili or Portuguese. Interested candidates famous Ghanaian oral artists, and planned tours to should send a cv and a brief writing sample for position # locations of interest in Ghana. 672 to Joan Carrolt Manager of Employment, The Ford For details contact E. K. Agovi, Institute of African Foundation,320 East 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017. Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana, West Africa. Fax: 233-21-775-512. The Carter Center, an action-oriented interdisciplinary institute affiliated with Emory University and led by + Papers are requested from interested scholars for former President Jimmy Carter, seeks a director for its inclusion in a book on Africa entitled Privatization in African Governance Program. The program strives to Africa: Reality or Myth? This collection of essays will advance effective governance and democratization in reexamine African attempts to privatize its inefficient Africa by such activities as monitoring elections and public corporations and other institutions. It will examine promoting the development of local NGOs in select~d outside pressures brought to bear on African governments countries. The program advises and supports PreSident to privatize, and how successful they have been. Papers Carter with his activities in Africa, and closely collaborates are especially sought from scholars interested in with other Center programs that focus on conflict examining issues that affect the efficiency of both private resolution, human rights, economic development, health, and public corporations, challenges for the private sector, and agriculture. and the extent and implications of privatization. Qualifications: Significant expertise and proven skill in Those wishing to submit papers for consideration promoting democracy and effective government in should send two copies of an abstract of no more than 250 sub-Saharan Africa; proven managerial skills, including the words. A cover sheet listing the author's name, ability to oversee several projects simultaneously, to work April/June 1995 effectively with people from diverse cultures, and to Agriculture promote the professional development of staff; extensive Chhetri, Puma Bahadur. Field bean farming systems and prospectsfor on-the-ground experience in Africa; and proven ability to the use of Rhizobium inoculum in Egypt. Ph.D., MiChigan State V., work within a university environment. 1994. DA55B:2446. GAX9431225. Send cover letter, resume, minimum salary requirements, and addresses and telephone numbers of Ibarra-Flores, Fernando A. A comparison ofclimatic and edaphic three references to The Search Committee for the African conditions at buffelgrass seeding sites in North America and at seed Governance Program, The Carter Center, One Copenhill, collection sites in Africa. Ph.D., Vtah State V., 1994. DA55B:2479. GAX9433760. Atlanta, GA 30307. Review of applications will begin on May 1, 1995. Anthropology

Bishop, Laura Corvinelli. Pigs and the ancestors: Hominids, suids and RECENT DOCTORAL environments during the Plio-Pleistocene of East Africa. Ph.D., Yale V., 1994. DA55A:2032. GAX9430258.

DISSERTATIONS Brockman, Diane Katherine. Reproduction and mating system of Compiled by Joseph J. Lauer Verreaux's SifakA, Prqpithecus verrnuxi. at Beza Mtlhafaly, Madagascar. Ph.D., Yale 0., 1994. DA55A:2032. GAX9430260. Michigan State University Charnley, Susan. Cattle, commons, and culture: The political ecok1gy of The theses listed below were reported in Dissertation Abstracts environmental change on a Tanzanian rangeland. PhD., Stanford 0., International (DA!), vol. 55, no. 5-8, parts A and B. Each citation 1994. 411pp. DA55A:1612. GAX9429909. ends with a page reference to the abstract and order number (if any) for copies. Dissertations with a CAX prefix are available Ciekawy, Diane Marie. Witchcraft eradication as political process in Kilifi from University Microfilms International (300 North Zeeb Road, District, Kenya, 1955-1988. PhD., Columbia 0., 1992. 268pp. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346). Canadian theses with a NN prefix DA55A:1612. GAX9427047. are available from the National Library of Canada (395 Wellington St., Ottawa KIA ON4). Cutbill, Catherine Christine. A postcolonial predicament: Imagining This is the 26th quarterly supplement to American and Djibouti. Ph.D., V. of Virginia, 1994. 494pp. DA55A:1303. Canadum Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses on Africa, GAX9425740. 1974-1987 (Atlanta: Crossroads Press, 1989). This series lists the U.S., Canadian and and some other dissertations about Africa Duncan, Bettina Shell. Determinants oJ infant and childhood morbidity that are abstracted in DAI. For more non-U.S. theses, see among nomadic TurkAna pastoralists of Northwest Kmya. Ph.D., Canadian Theses [microform], Bibliography ofCanadian Master's Pennsylvania State V., 1994. DA55A:2132. GAX9428089. Theses and Doctoral Dissertations on Africa, 1905-1993 (1994), and Ifekwunigwe, Jane Obiageli. Scattered be-longings: The cultural Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the paradoxes of "race, • nation and generation in the English-African Universities ofGreilt Britain and Ireland ... (Aslib). Diaspora. Ph.D., V. of California, Berkeley with 0. of Calif., San The following table, based on our database and the numbers Francisco, 1993. 264pp. DA55A:1613. GAX9430361. in the sources listed above, shows a continuing high interest in Africa. Jenike, Mark Robert. Energetic adaptations to seasonal hunger: Bady composition, energy expenditure and activity patterns among Lese YearUS Can Year US Can Year US Can YearUS Can horticulturists, Zaire. Ph.D., U. of California, Los Angeles, 1994. 1975 356 27 1976396 23 1977 432 22 1978421 38 DA55A:2457. GAX9502035. 1979 422 34 1980 474 22 1981462 33 1982448 41 1983 441 28 1984498 29 1985501 43 1986476 52 Konate, Yacouba. Household income and agricultural strategies in the 1987459 48 1988433 29 1989 412 38 199044740 peri- urban zone of Bamako, Mali. Ph.D., State 0. of New York at 1991460 53 1992489 64 1993453* 51* Binghamton, 1994. DA55A:2453. GAX9432090.

Notes: The numbers for 1993 are quite incomplete. Because the Krieger, Judith. Women, men and householdfood in Cameroon. Ph.D., V. University of Chicago and some other institutions do not report of Kentucky, 1994. 198pp. DA55A:1614. GAX9429094. all their theses to DAI, the U.S. numbers after 1985 are somewhat less complete. Researchers interested in a particular author or Lambert, Michael Carson. Searching across the divide: History, migration, and the experience place in a multilocal Senegalese keyword should consult the indexes of DAI or of Comprehensive oJ community. PhD., Harvard V., 1994. DA55A:2453. GAX9500185. Dissertation Index or the CD-ROMs that include this information. Since the MSU subscription to the print version of DAI was Nangendo, Stevie Moses. Daughters of the clay, women oJ the farm: replaced after vol. 55, no. 6 (Dec. 1994) with a subscription to the Women, agricultural economic development, and ceramic production in quarterly CD-ROM, half of this list was compiled from special Bungoma District, Western Province, Kenya. Ph.D., Bryn Mawr ColI., UMl printouts which omit pagination and the occasional title. 1994. 429pp. DA55A:1615. GAX9425209.

April/June 1995 Price, David Harold. The evolution ofirrigation in Egypt's Fayoum L'ouest du Niger. PhD., V. du Quebec aChicoutimi (Can.), 1993. Oasis: State, village and conveyance loss. Ph.D., V. of Florida, 1993. 156pp. DA55B:1773. NN86947. DA55A:2028. GAX9432012. LandoU, John David. The role ofcrustal interactions in the formation of Remis, Melissa Jane. Feeding ecology and positional behavior ofwestern cogenetic silica oversaturated and undersaturated syenites: Evidence from lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Central African Republic. the alkaline complexes of Abu Khruq (Egypt), Mt. Shefford (Quebec), and PhD., Yale u., 1994. DA55A:2033. GAX9430293. Marangudzi (Zimbabwe). PhD., Ohio State V., 1994. 384pp. DA55B:2127. GAX9427738. Sicotte, Pascale. Effet de la competition inter-male sur les rapports entre males et femelles chez les gorilles de montagnes [Rwanda]. Ph.D., U. de Schroeder, Richard Alan. Shady practice: Gender and the political ecology Montreal (Can.), 1993. DA55A:2033. NN88899. ofresource stabilization in Gambian garden/orchards. Ph.D., V. of California, Berkeley, 1993. DA55A:2098. GAX9430672. Spitulnik, Debra Anne. Radio culture in Zambia: Audiences, public words, and the nation-state. PhD., V. of Chicago, 1994. DA55A:2456. Suleirnan, Abdunnur Sharif. Geophysics of the rifts associated with the GAX9501549. Sirt Basin (North Africa) and the Anadarko Basin (North America). PhD., V. ofTexas at EI Paso, 1994. DA55B:3214. GAX9503981. Wallsmith, Deborah Lynne. Uthic management strategies oflate middle stone age hunter-gatherers in the upper Karoo region of South Africa. Economics PhD., Southern Methodist u., 1994. DA55A:2450. GAX9503515. Abouel-Enin, Mohamed A. An empirical study offactors influencing the Architecture success of Egypt-United States of America joint ventures engaging in businesses in Egypt. D.B.A., Vnited States International V., 1994. Osman, Khadiga Mohamed. Spatial and aspatial analysis: A conceptual DA55A:2500. GAX9503985. approach for more informative design decisions [Sudan}. Ph.D., V. of Florida, 1993. DA55A:1717. GAX9432000. Achebe, Willy Chukwuma. A study of Nigeria's structural adjustment programme and its impact on economic development from 1980 to 1991. Biological Sciences PhD., Vnion Institute, 1994. 234pp. DA55A:1326. GAX9427376.

Bruce-Oliver, Samuel Joseph. Evaluation ofthe indigenous African Addison, Ernest Kwamina Yedu. Macroeconomic implications ofsectoral phytoseiid, EusejuS,fustis (Pritchard and Baker) (Acari: phytoseiidae), as a policy incentives under structural adjustment: A general equilibrium potential biological control agent ofthe cassava green mite, MonOUJichellus analysis of sectoral terms of trade changes in the Ghanaian economy. t.a1:1.Iljm (Bondar) (Acari: tetranychidae), on cassava, Manihot esCUlenta PhD., McGill V. (Can.), 1993. 234pp. DA55A:1631. NN87782. Crantz, in West Africa. PhD., V. of California, Berkeley, 1993. DA55B:2504. GAX9430410. Barry, Abdoul Wahab. Comparative advantage trade flows and prospects for regional agricultural market integration in West Africa: The case of Cote Camara, Alpha Oumar. Health significance and risk factors for childhood d'Ivoire and Mali. PhD., Michigan State u., 1994.DA55A:2072. intestinal parasitic infections in Guinea, Africa. Ph.D., Purdue u., 1994. GAX9431212. DA55B:3188. GAX950167L Ezemenari, Knechukwu Maria. Production risk and commercialization of Mbaya, John Stephen King'ang'i. Resource hoarding and defensive agriculture in Rwanda: Implications for household labour supply and food behaviours ofAfrican honey bees (Apis melWera L.) in Kenya. Ph. D., V. of security. PhD., V. of Guelph (Can.), 1994. DA55A:2073. NN88701. Guelph (Can.), 1994. DA55B:2507. NN88746. Gergis, Abdalla. Household consumption analysiS: Patterns ofbehavior Stebbins, Martha Elizabeth. Congo red Escherichia coli and its role in and distribution in Egypt. PhD., Boston u., 1995. DA55A:2484. avian airsacculitis. PhD., North Carolina State u., 1994. DA55B:3189. GAX9501865. GAX9434043. Haymond, Peter Mark. Unexploitive middlemen: Fresh produce TegIer, Brent Alan. Vegetative control ofsoil erosion by wind in the Sahel marketing in Meknes prauince, Morocco. Ph.D., Fletcher Sch. of Law region ofMali, West Africa. PhD., V. of Guelph (Can.), 1994. and Diplomacy (Tufts V.), 1993. 399pp. DA55A:1338. GAX9427333. DA55B:2503. NN88777. Kevane, Michael James. Agrarian structure and agricultural practice in Zongo, Joanny Ouiraogo. Integrated pest management approach for the western Sudan. Ph.D., V. of California, Berkeley, 1993. DA55A:2062. sorghum shoot fly, Atherigana SQCcata Rondani (Diptern: Muscidae), in GAX9430560. Burkina Faso. PhD., McGill U. (Can.), 1992. 268pp. DA55B:2067. NN87849. Kirnenye, Lydia Neema. The economics ofsmallholderflower and french bean production and marketing in Kenya. PhD., Michigan State u., Earth Sciences 1993. DA55A:2074. GAX9431270.

Debusk, George Henry, Jr. Transport and stratigraphy of pollen in Lake Kouadio, Konan Arsene. Flconditi, migration et iiducation en COte Malawi, Africa. Ph.D., Duke V., 1994. DA55B:2616. GAX9432472. d'Ivoire. Ph.D., V. de Montreal (Can.), 1993. DA55A:2510. NN89053.

Girard, Pierre. Techniques isotopiques (15N, 180) appliquees a/'itude des Low,Jan Wayland. Survival strategies in northern Malawi: The effects of nappes des altirites et du sode fracture de I'ouest africain: Etude de cas: household structure and inter-household income transfers on maternal and April/June 1995 l i

child nutritional status. Ph.D., Cornell U., 1994. 573pp. DA55A:1639. Boahene, Frank Kwaku. Inquiry on human resource development in GAX9429293. Africa: An exploratory case study of technical/oocational education and training in Ghana. Ph.D., U. de Montreal (Can.), 1992. DA55A:2357. Mekuria, Mulugetta. An economic analysis ofsmallholder wheat NN88995. production and technology adoption in the southeastern highlands of Ethiopia. Ph.D., Michigan State 0.,1994. DA55A:2075. GAX9431296. Bundu, Seikor Tengbeh Peter. Alternative propositions in agriculture: Implications for program development in primary schooling in Sierra Leone. I Mills, Bradford Franklin. Is there life after public service: An analysis of Ed. D., Temple U., 1994. DA55A:2259. GAX9434654. I public to private sector employment transitions in Conakry, Guinea. Ph.D.,o. of CalifOrnia, Berkeley, 1993. DA55A:2087. GAX9430612. Ghunney, Joseph Kow. African spiritual UX1rld-view: Its impact on it alcohol and other drug use by senior secondary school students in Ghana. Ph.D., Loyola Coll. - Maryland, 1994. DA55A:1827. GAX9422903. Mubarak, Jarnil Abdalla. Macroeconomic policy and growth in Somalia, It 1970-89. PhD., Johns Hopkins 0.,1994. 409pp. DA55A:1635. GAX9429551. Gottesman, Leslie David. Praxis and promise: Hermeneutics of literacy in the Eritrean revolution. Ed.D., 0. of San Francisco, 1994. 328pp. Mwanaumo, Anthony. The effects ofmaiu marketing policy reforms in DA55A:1171. GAX9426931. Zambia. PhD., Purdue U., 1994. DA55A:2497. GAX9501742. Guedegbe, Corbin Michel. The professorate and academic life in Africa: A Nichola, Tennassie. The adoption of hybrid sorghum at the farm and case study ofthe academic profession at Benin National University. PhD., regional levels in the Gezira irrigated scheme of Sudan. Ph.D., Purdue 0., State U. of New York at Buffalo, 1994. 261pp. DA55A:1483. 1994. DA55A:2497. GAX9501744. GAX9429805.

Rogers, William Scott. Sudanese resistance to economic adjustment: A Kabore, Benoit. La famille Burkinabe face au cheminement scolaire de general equilibrium analysis of the 1981/1982 standby arrangement and l'eieve de l'enseignement secondaire general public. Ph.D., U. de altemativeadjustment strategies. PhD., Boston U., 1995. DA55A:2493. Montreal (Can.), 1993. DA55A:2231. NN89086. GAX9333490. Kamdem, Edouard. Valeurs culturelles et alphabetisation au Cameroun. Simler, Kenneth Richard. Rural poverty and income sources of Ph.D.,o. de Montreal, 1993. DA55A:2266. NN89078. smallholder farmers: A household economics analysis with panel data from northern Malawi. Ph.D., Cornell U., 1994. 374pp. DA55A:1339. Kamwenubusa, Marthe. Utilisation des apprentissages relatifs ala GAX9427880. nutrition par les Burundaises du Centre de Sante de Musaga [Burundi}. Ph.D., U. de Montreal (Can.), 1992. DA55A:1877. NN88926. Sipula, F. Kapola. Reforms of the maize market system in Zambia: Issues ofprice and market policies, cooperatives and interprovincial transportation. Kilo, Margaret Hilda. Family support for education: Explaining PhD., Michigan State 0., 1993. DA55A:2077. GAX9431315. differences in academic performance in Cameroon. Ph.D., Stanford 0., 1994. DA55A:1898. GAX9429952. Somolekae, Gloria Magotsha. The environment ofsmall scale business and the informal sector in Botswana: Constraints, problems and prospects. Mahillet, Ange. Etude descriptive de la perception des professeurs des PhD., Syracuse U., 1994. DA55A:2494. GAX9434011. lydes professionnels de Cote d'Ivoire concernant leur formation pedagogique de 1976 it. 1990. PhD., U. de Montreal (Can.), 1992. Troutt, Elizabeth S. Rural African land markets and access to agricultural DA55A:2267. NN89101. land: The central region of Uganda. PhD., U. of Wisconsin - Madison, 1994. 376pp. DA55A:1641. GAX9419588. Majeke, Abnerson Moyisi Sandile. The 1976 Soweto uprisings: Education, law, and the language issue in South Africa. PhD., U. of Vignikin, Kokou. Dynamique des systemes de production agricole et Iowa, 1994. DA55A:2342. GAX9433656. ajustement socio"Umographique des menages: Le cas des agriculteurs Ewe du sud-Togo. Ph.D., U. de Montreal (Can.), 1992. DA55A:2497. Maliwichi, Lucy Lynn. A study of women income-generating groups in NN89015. Malawi. Ph.D., Cornell U., 1994. 294pp. DA55A:1453. GAX9429307.

Education Ndecki, Prosper A. Climat organisationnel et satisfaction au travail dans les ecoles professionnelles du Senegal. Ph.D., U. de Montreal (Can.), Ambrose Rebeiro, Amelia. A curriculum on Cape Verde. Ed. D., 0. of 1993. DA55A:2295. NN89071. Massachusetts,I994. DA55A:2257. GAX9434446. Ndubuike, Darlington I. Rituals of identity: Examining the cultural Ashley, Dominic Tarlton. Bureaucratic barriers and constraints to the context of the art ofthe African native with implications for multi-cultural utilization of indigenous knowledge in sustainable agriculture in Sierra and cross-cultural discipline-based art education [Nigeria}. Ed.D., 0. of Leone. Ph.D., U. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994. DA55A:1786. Houston, 1994. DA55A:I801. GAX9431024. GAX9423840. Ngabaye, Ronelyam. umguage of instruction and social access in Bilal, Said Gharib. A constructivist model for teaching concepts of francophone Africa. Ph.D., U. of Pittsburgh, 1994. DA55A:1855. floatation to inservice science teachers at NTTC - Zanzibar [Tanzania}. GAX9431302. Ed.D., Columbia U., 1994. DA55A:1805. GAX9432495.

April/June 1995 Nowa-Phlri, Meria Damalisy. Educational leadership: An examination of l%pp. DA55B:2177. GAX9429412. issues andfactors that promote and hinder utilization ofAfrican 'W071Ie1l in education leadership positions. Ed. D., V. of Massachusetts, 1994. Huston, Sara L. Factors associated with electrocardiographic left DA55A:2238. GAX9434516. ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertropy in Nigerian civil seroants. Ph.D., V. of Pittsburgh, 1993. 287pp. DA55B:1820. Opoku-Debrah, Kwesi. Local knawledge offarmers in Ghana: GAX9426694. Implications for extension and sustainable development programs. Ph.D., Cornell u., 1994. 212pp. DA55A:1174. GAX9427909. Narnate, Dorothy Elizabeth. The cost of registered nurse-midwifery education and enrolled nurse-mid'Wifery education in MaIa'Wi, central Sadki, Cherif. A comparative analysis ofFrench and American Africa. Ph.D., V. of Pennsylvania, 1994. 195pp. DA55B:1792. governmental bilateral aid to African education: A study of the policies from GAX9427586. 1960-1980. Ph.D., State U. of New York at Buffalo, 1994. 214pp. DA55A:1473. GAX9429850. Ohambe, Ornanyondo. Practices ofZairian women related tofeeding infants and children under two years. Ph.D., U. of Illinois at Chicago, Sidikou, Maman Sarnbo. Adult education and the cross-cultural transfer 1994. 168pp. DA55B:1806. GAX9426521. ofinnovation: A critical analysis ofthe rural organizations development policy in Niger. Ph.D., Florida State u., 1994. DA55A:2252. History GAX9434118. Addo, Ebenezer ObirL Kwame Nkrumah: A case study ojreligion and Stuebing, Kathleen Winger. Educational and religioUS factors in maternal politics in Ghana. Ph.D., Drew V., 1994. DA55A:2103. GAX9432943. verbal responsiveness and child health in urban Zambia. Ed.D., Harvard V., 1994. DA55A:1902. GAX9432437. Arnoafo, Sampson. Interest rate policies and financial market fragmentation in LDCs: The case oj Ghana. Ph.D., V. of Denver, 1994. Titanji, Fon Peter. Job satisfaction among public secondary/high school DA55A:2257. GAX9432605. teachers in Cameroon. Ed.D., U. of Lowell, 1994. DA55A:1781. GAX9430337. Bivens, Mary Wren. Women, ecology and Islam in the making ofmodern Hausa cultural history [Niger, Nigeria]. Ph.D., Michigan State U., 1994. Vanden Berg, Owen Christian. Inrwvation under apartheid: DA55A:2104. GAX9431214. Collaborative action research in a South African university. Ph.D., Washington V., 1994. DA55A:2351. GAX9433549. Djibo, Mamoudou. Les transformation politiques au Niger, 1958-1960. Ph.D., U. de Montreal (Can.), 1993. DA55A:2104. NN88865. Environmental Sciences Gao, Zheng. Paving a way to Eldorado: Roads, railways, and political Oni, Richard Bolade. Project demonstrating excellence: A review of economy in Matabeleland, 1888-1914 [Zimbabwe]. Ph.D., Yale u., 1994. factors influencing the distribution of health care personnel between rural 326pp. DA55A:1659. GAX9428285. and urban areas ofKwara State, Nigeria. Ph.D., Vnion Institute, 1994. 110pp. DA55B:1788. GAX9427372. Johnson, Rosa Lee. A portrait ofal-Jaza'ir: A study of eighteenth century AI-Jaza'ir based on a l&/lDL from the BaJtt ai-Mal for the years 1772-1773 Fine Arts [Libya]. Ph.D., V. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994. 240pp. DA55A:1362. GAX9419131. Swelirn, Muharnad Tarek Nabil. The mosque of Ibn Tulun: A new perspective [Egypt]. Ph.D., Harvard V., 1994. DA55A:2190. Mariscotti, Cathlyn. Consent and resistance: The history ojupper and GAX9500145. middle class Egyptian 'W071Ie1l reflected through their published journals, 1925-1939. Ph.D., Temple u., 1994. DA55A:2535. GAX9434705. Geography Ndege, Peter Odhiambo. Struggles for the market: The political economy Boberg, Jill Ann. Efficiency and competitiveness in developing country ofcommodity production and trade in Western Kenya, 1929-1939. Ph.D., woodJueI markets: A case study oj Tanzania. Ph.D., V. of Pennsylvania, West Virginia u., 1993. 326pp. DA55A:1359. GAX9426419. 1994. 285pp. DA55A:1354. GAX9427505. Okafor, Victor Oguejiofor. Leadership and political integration in Africa: Lelo, Francis Kibuba. Humanization of'Wildlife management: A case An Afrocentric case study of Nigeria. Ph.D., Temple u., 1994. study of01 Donyo Sabuk National Park, Kenya. Ph.D., Clark V., 1994. DA55A:2525. GAX9434717. DA55A:20%. GAX9431433. Richards, Yevette. "My passionate feeling about Africa": Maida Health Sciences Springer-Kemp and the American labor movement. Ph.D., Yale u., 1994. 957pp. DA55A:1659. GAX9428307. Barlow, Sheila Barnable. The fertility transition in Kenya: The role of demand, supply and regulation costs as determinants of contraception use Simpson, George Lawrence, Jr. On the frontiers ojempire: British in married, fecund women. Dr.P.H., V. of Pittsburgh, 1994. 201pp. administration in Kenya's Northern Frontier District, 1905-1935. Ph.D., DA55B:1819. GAX9426705. West Virginia u., 1994. 700pp. DA55A:1659. GAX9427991.

Feldblurn, Paul J. Condom and spermicide use and the incidence of HIV H Skon-Jedele, Nancy Joan. "Aigyptiaka : A catalogue oj Egyptian and infection [Zambia}. Ph.D., V. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1994. Egyptianizing objects excavated from Greek archaeological sites, ca. April/June 1995 = •

I f I I f 1100-525 B.C., with historical cammentary. Ph.D., U. of Pennsylvania, and postcultural subjectivity. Ph.D., U. of Michigan, 1994. ; 1994. 2887pp. DA55A:1356. GAX9427615. DA55A:2377. GAX9500890. i ! Suleiman, Nahid Muharrunad Ma Ahmad. The historical basis of Gavioli, Davida. In search of the mother's lost voice: Mariama Ba's "Une Sudan's refugee problem, 1900-present: A critical reading into the pcrwer si longue IeUre", Francesca Sanvitale's "Madre efiglia", and Amy Tan's f structure, state, and society in the Sudan. Ph.D., Temple U., 1994. "The loy Luck Club" {Senega/}. Ph.D., Pennsylvania State U., 1994. ! DA55A:2525. GAX9434747. 240pp. DA55A:1552. GAX9428101. I I I Ukpanah, Ime John. Yearning to be free: Inkundla ya Bantu (Bantu McGuire, James Reed. Narrating the Mande: West African identity ! Forum) as amirror and mediator of the African national struggle in South production and the Mande francophone novel. Ph.D., Northwestern U., I Africa. Ph.D., U. of Houston, 1993. 380pp. DA55A:1659. 1994. DA55A:2386. GAX9433888. GAX9428971. I McKinney, Mark Keith. Maghrebi-French fiction: An emergent Von Eschen, Penny Marie. African Americans and anti-colonialism, literature? Ph.D., Cornell U., 1994. DA55A:1980. GAX9501397. 1937-1957: The rise andfall ofthe politics ofthe African diaspora. Ph.D., Columbia U., 1994. 400pp. DA55A:1673. GAX9427157. McKoy, Sheila Smith. Riot: Episodes ofracialized violence in African and African American culture {South Africa}. Ph.D., Duke U., 1994. Wolde-Mariam, Tekalign. A city and its hinterlands: The political DA55A:2392. GAX9500505. econamy ofland tenure, agriculture and food supply for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (1887-1974). Ph.D., Boston U., 1995. DA55A:2525. Mekerta, Soraya Martine. "Mektoub" or written on the sand: Une GAX9434239. pottique nomade de l'inscription et de I'effacement (Algeria). Ph.D., U. of Minnesota, 1994. DA55A:1950. GAX9433085. Language Niandou, Aissata Madize. Marginalized feminist discourses: The black Bekerie, Ayele. Ethiopic: History, principles, and influences ofan African woman's wice in selected works by Calixthe Beyala, Simone Schwarz-Barl, writing system. Ph.D., Temple U., 1994. DA55A:2362. GAX9434649. and Toni Morrison {Cameroon]. Ph.D., Pennsylvania State u., 1994. DA55A:2379. GAX9428170. Belazi, Noura. Semantics and pragmatics oj the Tunisian tenses and aspects. Ph.D., Cornell u., 1993. DA55A:1928. GAX9406138. Scott, Pauline Marie. Writing, rewriting, and unwriting the Renaissance: Constructing "other"ness in Ariosto's "Orlando Furloso", Shakespeare's Dunigan, Melynda B. On the clausal structure of WoloJ [Senegal]. Ph.D., "Othello", Woolf's "Orlando", and Salih's "Season of Migration to the U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1994. 314pp. DA55A:1545. North" {Sudan]. Ph.D., U. of Wisconsin - Madison, 1994. DA55A:1943. GAX9429406. GAX9430151.

Kamarah, Sheikh Urnarr. Phonology and tonology in the morphology of Strong-Leek, Linda McNeely. Excising the spiritual, physical and Temne: A lexicalist approach {Sierra Leone}. Ph.D., U. of psychological self: An analysis of female circumcision in the works ofFlora Wisconsin-Madison, 1994. DA55A:1931. GAX9423848. Nwapa, Ngugi Wa Thiongo, and Alice Walker. Ph.D., Michigan State u., 1994. DA55A:1951. GAX9431321. Kamel, Abdulaziz Mustafa. A sociolinguistic analysis ojJormulaic expressions in Egyptian Arabic. Ph.D., Georgetown u., 1993. 271pp. Tay ko, Dolores Gail. Narratives ofexile: Doris Lessing's "The Golden DA55A:1254. GAX9424483. Notebook" and Isabel Allende's "The House ofthe Spirits" and "Eva Luna" {Zimbabwe]. Ph.D., Indiana U. of Pennsylvania, 1994. DA55A:1944. Rugemalira, Josephat Muhozi. Runyambo verb extension and constraints GAX9433791. I1 on predicate structure. Ph.D., U. of California, Berkeley, 1993. DA55A:1934. GAX9430661. Vulor, Ena Cecilia. The North African reality in the work of Albert Camus: Re-reading "L'ttranger", "La Peste", "L'Exil et Ie Royaume" from Sherer, Tim D. Prosodicphonotactics {West Africa]. Ph.D., U. of a colonial perspective. Ph.D., Cornell U., 1994. DA55A:1984. Massachusetts, 1994. DA55A:2370. GAX9434532. GAX9501326.

Tshlsungu, Jose Tshisungu Wa. Analyse linguistique de marqueurs Mass Communications conversationnels en Swahili. Ph.D., U. de Montreal (Can.), 1993. DA55A:2370. NN88991. Anyaegbunam, Chike. Bolekaja intellectualism: The genesis of syncretistic model building in communication Jor development in Africa. Law Ph.D., U. of Iowa, 1994. DA55A:2192. GAX9433598.

Okaru, Valentina Onyem. Effective institutional and legal means of Maepa, Linda Nhlapo. Television in Swaziland: An ethnographic study of controlling wafer pollution fram sewage: Nigerian and United States seven Swazi families. Ph.D., U. of Iowa, 1994. DA55A:2195. experience. J.S.D., Stanford U., 1994. 302pp. DA55A:1674. GAX9433655. GAX9429887. Masilela, Sipho Themba B. Communication strategies for cammunity Literature participation in the non-governmental space ofdevelopment efforts: The case oJKibwezi, Kenya. Ph.D., U. of Iowa, 1994. DA55A:2195. Burch, Julia Frances. Sink or swim: Shipwreck narratives, survival tales, GAX9433659. April/June 1995 Zheng, Zhong. Social influence as a component of contextual effects: A relations,1974-1977. Ph.D., Johns Hopkins D., 1994. 320pp. study ojdiarrheal treatment in Zaire. Ph.D., D. of Pennsylvania, 1994. DA55A:1684. GAX9429541. 218pp. DA55A:1134. GAX9427641. Merom, Gil. Blood and conscience: Recasting the boundaries ofnational Music security [Algeria}. Ph.D., Cornell u., 1994. DA55A:2134. GAX9501321.

Barbaro, Cosmo Anthony. A comparative study of West African drum Messone, Nelson NoeL Japan's foreign aid to Africa: International and ensemble and the African American drum set. Ph.D., D. of Pittsburgh, domestic determinants. Ph.D., D. of Kentucky, 1994. DA55A:2555. 1993. 222pp. DA55A:1134. GAX9426686. GAX9501960.

Pillay, Jayendran. Music, ritual, and identity among Hindu South Mwanasali, Musifiky. Accumulation, regulation and development: The Africans. Ph.D., Wesleyan D., 1994. DA55A:1737. GAX9430995. k grass- roots economy in the upper Zaire region (1975-1992). Ph.D., Northwestern u., 1994. DA55A:2557. GAX9433896. Physical Sciences Nagpal, Tanvi. From household survival to nation building: Institutional Lynam, Timothy Jan Philip. Agroecosystem analysis in asemi-arid, determinants of group formation in rural Tanzania. Ph.D., Brown u., small-scale forming system of Zimbabwe: A systems approach, Ph.D., 1994. DA55A:2129. GAX9433423. Michigan State u., 1994. DA55B:2990. GAX9431287. Ruiz-Ramon, Frederic. Depoliticization ofmilitary organization: A Political Science theoretical framework, policy implication, and case studies ojFrance, Spain, Argentina, and Nigeria. Ph.D., Harvard u., 1994. DA55A:2558. Aouahchi, M 'hammed, L'influence du capital etranger sur la dynamique GAX9500127. des classes sociales au Maroc de 1960 a1988. Ph.D., D. de Montreal (Can,), 1991. DA55A:2549. NN89105. Snipe, Tracy David. The dynamic interplay between politics and the arts in Senegal. Ph.D., Indiana D., 1994. DA55A:2558. GAX9500379. Bellos, Nondas. South Africa'S democratic experiment: Is the incumbent senior ciuil service apartheid's rear guard? Ph.D., D. of Colorado at Speakman, June Sager. Congress and policy change: The case ofAngola. Denver, 1994. DA55A:2563. GAX9503516. Ph.D., City D. of New York, 1994. DA55A:2132. GAX9431370.

Cekan, Jindra Monique. Listening to one's clients: A case study ojMali's Spear, Mary Elizabeth. Societal influences and gauernmental famine early warning system--the Systeme d'Alerte Precoce (SAP)--and responsiveness in policy communities: Educational policy-making in rural producers. Ph.D., Fletcher Sch. of Law & Diplomacy (Tufts U.), Zimbabwe. Ph.D., D. of Florida, 1993. DA55A:2132. GAX9432029. 1994, 555pp. DA55A:1376. GAX9427331. Yates, Douglas Andrew. The Rentier State in Gabon, Ph.D., Boston D., Conroy, Richard William. Beyond Peacekeeping: Strategies of United 1994. DA55A:2562. GAX9433496. Nations Peace Enforcement in a turbulent world [Somalia}, Ph.D., D. of Notre Dame, 1994. DA55A:2551. GAX9434076. Psychology

Dillman, Bradford Louis. The failure of Algerian development: Dirigisme Juckes, Tim J. The individual-society connection: Action and change in the and the limits on state intervention in the private sector, 1970·1991, lives ojMatthews, Mandela and Biko [South Africa}. Ph.D., Dalhousie U. Ph.D., Columbia D., 1994. 382pp. DA55A:1676. GAX9427056. (Can.), 1993. 338pp, DA55B:2035. NN87467.

EI-Hassan, Orner El-Beshir. Representative bureaucracy and public policy Shaver, Virginia Fry. Too horrendousfor words: Artumk ofchildren responsiveness in the Sudan. Ph.D., D. of Mississippi, 1994. traumatized by political violence in South Africa. Ph.D., Dnion Institute, DA55A:2552. GAX9431564. 1993. 359pp. DA55B:1995, GAX9423685.

Emizet, Kisangani Francois. The political economy ojstate disintegration: Religion The case of Zaire. Ph.D., U. ofIowa, 1994. DA55A:2552. GAX9433622. Bhebhe, Stanley Makhosi. The search for African Christian spirituality in Francois, Isabelle. Les relations militaires franco-africaines: Persistance Zimbabwe: An examination oj religious change in a colonial context. d'un regime de securiU. Ph.D., D. de Montreal (Can.), 1991. Ph.D., Drew D" 1994. DA55A:I998. GAX9432946. DA55A:2560. NN89095. Folaranmi, James Olatoso. The Nigerian Islamic view ofstate and its Hoyt, Paul DanieL U.S. foreign policy toward empowerment in the Middle effects on the mission ofthe Christian Church in Nigeria. D. Miss, East: A cognitive and group process approach [Algeria}. Ph.D., Ohio Reformed Theological Seminary, 1994. DA55A:1999. GAX9432987. State u., 1994. 47Opp. DA55A:I684. GAX9427717. Sociology Ka, Samba. Rich entrepreneurs, poor economies: Smuggling activities in Senegambia. Ph.D.,Johns Hopkins u., 1994. 267pp. DA55A:1679. Adu-Febiri, Francis. Tourism and Ghana's development process: Problems GAX9429522. ofand prospects for creating a viable ·post-industrial" service industry in a non- industrial society. Ph,D., D. of British Columbia (Can.),1994. Lyons, Terrence Patrick. Reaction to revolution: United States-Ethiopian DA55A:2595. NN89325, ...______.. ,L:·,'.C1-';,:i:ci""·:-:;;--­ ....______... !!111------.. !Q!. 4 i

-----It I Brown, Joseph Winchester. The effocts of husband-wife cammunication Traore, Sadio. Dimension ethnique de fa migration dans fa vallee de fleuve f on contraceptive use in Egypt: An examination of couple data. Ph.D., SenegallSenegal & Mauritania}. Ph.D., V. de Montreal (Can.), 1992. Cornell V., 1994. DA55A:2155. GAX9501346. DA55A:2583. NN89037.

Chessa, Samuel Robert. The use and spread of agricultural innovations Waiyaki, Njeri. Reproductive behavior of Kikuyu women in transrural among small-holdingfarming communities in Busia District, Kenya: Issues Kenya: Being chosen. Ph.D., V. of Alberta (Can.), 1993. DA55A:2165. in agricultural extension. Ph.D., U. of New Brunswick (Can.), 1992. NN88282. DA55A:2596. NN89310. Theology Ghozzi, Kamel. The resilience of religious institutions and the making of protest movements: A comparative study of Tunisia and Iran. Ph.D., V. of Audu, Ibrahim Abdu-Onochaye. Factors which influence Christian Pennsylvania, 1994. 265pp. DA55A:1385. GAX9427541. conversion: Ebira case study INigeria}. D.Miss., Reformed Theological Sem., 1993. 237pp. DA55A:1289. GAX9415532. Herzenni, Ahmed. The cultural economy of technical innovation in semi-arid rural Morocco. Ph.D., V. of Kentucky, 1994. DA55A:2596. Mante, Joseph Obid Yeboah. Towards an ecological, Christian theology GAX9501955. ofcreation in an African context. Ph.D., Claremont Graduate Sch., 1994. DA55A:2442. GAX9502336. Mboup, Cora. Etude des determinants socio-economiques et culturels de la flcondiU au Sinegal apartir de /'enquete Senegalaise sur la fecondiU (ESF, Ritchie, Ian. African theology and social change: An anthropological 1978) et /'enquMe demographique et de santi (EDS, 1986). Ph.D., V. de approach. Ph.D., McGill U. (Can.), 1993. 249pp. DA55A:I604. Montreal (Can.), 1993. DA55A:2583. NN89039. NN87911.

Mebrahtu, Saba B. The relationships between cropping patterns, maternal Urban and Regional Planning time use, and child nutritional status in Kwara State, Nigeria. Ph.D., Cornell V., 1994. DA55A:2162. GAX9501321. Durosomo, Emmanuel Babatunde. The problem of unsustainable development: International development projects and the environmental Nwabueze, Nicholas Ikechukwu. The leading sector approach to crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ph.D., V. of Delaware, 1994. DA55A:2600. economic development: A case study of Nigeria compared to Venezuela, GAX9500667. 1971-1990. Ph.D., Michigan State V., 1994. DA55A:2173. GAX9431302. Zaghloul, Mohamed Samy Saad. The structure and dynamics ofinformal urban growth: The Cairo urban region, 1976-1986 [Egypt}. Ph.D.,

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Directory ofAfrican and African-American Studies in the United States, 8th edition Paperbound, 170 pp, ISBN 0-918456-69-X. $20 sale price. $10 Index to the African Studies Review/Bulletin and the ASA Review ofBooks, 1958-1990 John Bruce Howell, compiler Paperbound, 227 PP. ISBN 0002-0206. $7 sale price - $3.50

ISSN 0278-2219 Please turn to page 27 for order form Mrican Studies Association Emory University Credit Union Building NON-PROFIT ORG. Atlanta, GA 30322 U.S. POSTAGE tel: (404) 329~410 Ai Ii Marl TriDD PAID OeDt of Political Science fax: (404) 329~433 University of Wisconsin ATLANTA,GA e-mail: [email protected] 401 North Hall PERMIT NO. 1689 Madison WI 53706