DOCSLIB.ORG

ESGLI Poster Presentation from ALS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ESGLI Poster Presentation from ALS ESKAPE Pathogens 0$/',72)0LFURELRORJLFDO&RQ˂UPDWLRQV Understanding Nosocomial Risk Factors Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time of Flight Mass The monitoring of water used in care homes and Acinetobacter baumannii $/6 (QYLURQPHQWDO DUH RQH RI WKH ˂UVW 8. ODERUDWRULHV WR YDOLGDWH DQG KDYH 7KHWHFKQLTXHLVXVHGWRDQDO\VHWKHSURWHLQɆ˂QJHUSULQWɇ healthcare facilities is covered by several pieces of Health Acinetobacter baumannii is a rapidly emerging pathogen in accredited to ISO 17025:2005 and the Drinking Water Testing Standard (DWTS), RIDPLFURRUJDQLVPSURGXFLQJDQLGHQWL˂FDWLRQXVLQJD and Safety Guidance (HSG). The majority of the guidance the health care system. A. baumannii is usually introduced DFFUHGLWWKHUDSLGLGHQWL˂FDWLRQRISRVLWLYH0LFURELRORJLFDOVDPSOHVE\0DWUL[ validated reference library. is on the monitoring of Legionella and is supported by the into a hospital by a colonised patient. Due to it’s ability to Assisted Laser Disportion and Ionistation by Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Approved Code of Practice for Legionella (ACoPL8) and VXUYLYHRQDUWL˂FLDOVXUIDFHVDQGUHVLVWGHVLFFDWLRQLWFDQ 0$/',7R) 06 7KH JURXQG EUHDNLQJ LGHQWL˂FDWLRQ WHFKQLTXH HPSOR\HG E\ 7KHDELOLW\WRUHGXFHFRQ˂UPDWLRQWLPHVLVDVDUHVXOWRI Health Technical Memorandums (HTM); however, there are survive and potentially infect new patients for some time. It ALS Environmental, known as MALDI-ToF, allows us to remove the need for MALDI-TOF being able to be performed on colonies from a range of other risk factors that need to be considered is suspected that A. baumannii growth favours nosocomial presumptive data for bacteriological analysis, with all data reported as Colony selective agar. This removes the need for sub culturing and in nosocomial scenarios. The ESKAPE pathogens are settings due to the constant use of antibiotics by patients )RUPLQJ 8QLWV &)8 7KH LPSDFW RI 0$/',7R) FRQ˂UPDWLRQ RQ WKH (6.$3( incubation, which is the stage that incurs additional time. emerging pathogens of concern. ALS Environmental are in the hospital and causes a wide range of infection pathogens is highlighted in the table below. Depending on the organism being tested, this additional DEOH WR RIIHU UDSLG LGHQWL˂FDWLRQ RI WKHVH EDFWHULD XVLQJ including bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract time can be anything from 4 hours to 5 or more days. Incubation &RQ˂UPDWLRQ &RQ˂UPDWLRQ RXU UHYROXWLRQDU\ 0$/',7R) FRQ˂UPDWLRQ WHFKQLTXH7KH infection, and wound infection. The organism’s ability to Bacteria MALDI-ToF Saving ESKAPE Pathogens are: survive under a wide range of environmental conditions, Time Traditional MALDI-ToF The method was developed in consultation with both Enterococci 2 days 1 day Minutes 1 day the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) and Enterococcus faecium and to persist for extended periods of time on surfaces, PDNHLWDIUHTXHQWFDXVHRIRXWEUHDNVRILQIHFWLRQDQGDQ Staphylococcus aureus 2 days 1 day Minutes 1 day the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI). As a result, we Enterococcus faecium; formerly known as Streptococcus endemic, health care–associated pathogen. Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 day 1 day Minutes 1 day have full ISO 17025 UKAS accreditation, since December faecium until its re-categorization in 1984, is a human Acinetobacter baumannii 1 day 1 day Minutes 1 day 2013. This was extended to include Drinking Water Testing pathogen that causes nosocomial bacteremia, surgical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 day 1 day Minutes 1 day 6SHFL˂FDWLRQ ':76 LQ )HEUXDU\ $OWKRXJK WKH wound infection, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections. The monitoring for Pseudomonas is covered in HTM04- technology has been used extensively in the clinical sector Enterobacteriaceae 1 day 1 day Minutes 1 day The bacteria can survive for long periods of time inside 01 Addendum. Serious infections of P. aeruginosa usually IRUDQXPEHURI\HDUV$/6LVWKH˂UVW8.(QYLURQPHQWDO Stenotrophomonas 1 day 1 day Minutes 1 day hospitals on a variety of surfaces as well as in soil and occur in the immunocompromised. Infections of the laboratory to use and accredit this technology. sewage. Growth temperatures range from 10oC to 45oC in blood, pneumonia, and infections following surgery can basic or acidic environments, and in environments which lead to severe illness and death in these people. The Legionella 10 days 2 days Minutes 2 days $VɆWUDGLWLRQDOɇFXOWXUHEDVHGPHWKRGVDUHVWLOOXVHGIRUWKH are isotonic or hypertonic. Ent. faecium can be highly highly susceptible nosocomial patients include those on E-coli 1 day 1 day Minutes 1 day isolation, compliance with standards is maintained. We drug resistant. The spread of the disease occurs between breathing machines, premature babies and patients with Coliforms 1 day 1 day Minutes 1 day are therefore fully compliant with ACoP L8 (and HSG274), patients in hospitals due to transfer of the pathogen by wounds from surgery or from burns. Additionally, healthy Clostridium Perfringens 1 day 1 day Minutes 1 day The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations, The Private hands or medical instruments. Also, antibiotic use can people can also develop mild illnesses with Pseudomonas Salmonella 4 days 2 days Minutes 2 days Water Supply Regulations and HTM guidance. decrease the number of other intestinal bacteria that are aeruginosa, especially after exposure to water. Ear Listeria 4 days 2 days Minutes 2 days susceptible to the antibiotic and decrease competition for infections, especially in children, and more generalised 7KH UHGXFWLRQ LQ FRQ˂UPDWLRQ WLPHV UHPRYHV WKH ULVN the drug resistant Ent. faecium. VNLQ UDVKHV PD\ RFFXU DIWHU H[SRVXUH WR LQDGHTXDWHO\ 7KH LQVWDQW FRQ˂UPDWLRQ RI WKH (6.$3( EDFWHULD DOORZV LQIHFWLRQ FRQWURO DQG associated with acting (or not acting) on presumptive chlorinated hot tubs or swimming pools. Staphylococcus aureus water treatment to make rapid decisions on any potential remedial works that GDWDE\SURYLGLQJDQDFFUHGLWHGFRQ˂UPHGUHVXOWZLWKLQ may need to be undertaken. The MALDIToF can be used to identify any positive minutes of the presumptive result being generated. The The carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is an important Enterobacter species bacteria, including Legionella. DGGHGEHQH˂WLVWKDWLQDGGLWLRQWRDUDSLGFRQ˂UPDWLRQ VRXUFH RI QRVRFRPLDO LQIHFWLRQ DQG FRPPXQLW\DFTXLUHG The genus Enterobacter is a member of the coliform methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA). Staph. aureus is group of bacteria. Enterobacter species, particularly E. UHVXOWLQWKHPDMRULW\RIFDVHVVSHFLHVOHYHOLGHQWL˂FDWLRQ Legionella will also be available. ALS will provide this additional common and often found in the nose or on the skin. Most cloacae and E. aerogenes, are important nosocomial 7KH 0$/',7R) FRQ˂UPDWLRQ RI /HJLRQHOOD UHPRYHV WKH SUHVXPSWLYH VWDJH information as part of the standard service. of the time these bacteria do not cause any symptoms. pathogens responsible for various infections; including PHDQLQJWKDW$/6(QYLURQPHQWDOUHSRUWSRVLWLYHFRQ˂UPHG/HJLRQHOODRQWKH The ability of the nasal passages to harbour Staph. aureus bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin RULJLQDOUHDGGD\V FXUUHQWO\GD\VDQG 7KLVLVTXLFNHUWKDQWKH results from a combination of a compromised host immune and softtissue infections. Risk factors for nosocomial ,I\RXZRXOGOLNHPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQVSHFL˂FRUJDQLVPV traditional approach and is fully ISO 17025:2005 accredited. ALS Environmental that we are able to identify, please contact our customer system combined with the bacteria’s ability to evade a Enterobacter infections include hospitalisation of greater have one of the world’s largest Legionella species libraries held within our MALDI- services department. host’s innate immunity. The spectrum of Staphylococcus than 2 weeks, invasive procedures in the past 72 hours, 7R):LWKRQO\NQRZQVSHFLHVXQLGHQWL˂DEOHWZRRIWKHVHDUH9LDEOH%XW1RW infections can range from skin abscess to life-threatening treatment with antibiotics in the past 30 days, and the &XOWXUDEOH 9%1& DQGWKH˂QDOVSHFLHVLVEHLQJVRXUFHGE\RXUODERUDWRU\ infections such as septicaemia or endocarditis. SUHVHQFHRIDFHQWUDOYHQRXVFDWKHWHU6SHFL˂FULVNIDFWRUV for infection with nosocomial multidrug-resistant strains Klebsiella pneumoniae of Enterobacter species include the recent use of broad- In nosocomial settings, Klebsiella bacteria can be spread spectrum cephalosporins or aminoglycosides and ICU care. LEGIONELLA SPECIES TABLE through person-to-person contact or by contamination of the environment; it is important to note that the bacteria Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Name of species Number of serotypes Linked to humaninfection Geographic origin Common Matrix Type are not spread through the air. Patients in healthcare Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an organism of low Legionella anisa YES USA Process, Drinking, Surface and Recreational settings may be exposed to Klebsiella when they are YLUXOHQFHZKLFKFDQIUHTXHQWO\FRORQLVH˃XLGVXVHGLQWKH Legionella adelaidensis Unknown Adelaide in South Australia Process Water on ventilators, or have intravenous catheters or wounds. KRVSLWDOVHWWLQJ HJLUULJDWLRQVROXWLRQVLQWUDYHQRXV˃XLGV Unfortunately, these medical tools and conditions may and patient secretions (eg, respiratory secretions, urine, Legionella beliardensis Unknown Montbeliard in France Process Water allow Klebsiella to enter the body and cause infection; wound exudates). S. maltophilia usually bypasses normal Legionella birminghamensis YES %LUPLQJKDP$ODEDPD86$ Process Water which can be fatal in the immuno-compromised. host’s defenses to cause human infection. The growth of Legionella bozemanii (bozemanae) 2 YES 1DPHGDIWHU)0DULO\Q%R]HPDQ
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of Earthworm Gut-Associated Microorganisms in the Fate of Prions in Soil
    THE ROLE OF EARTHWORM GUT-ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS IN THE FATE OF PRIONS IN SOIL Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte D i s s e r t a t i o n von Taras Jur’evič Nechitaylo aus Krasnodar, Russland 2 Acknowledgement I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Kenneth N. Timmis for his guidance in the work and help. I thank Peter N. Golyshin for patience and strong support on this way. Many thanks to my other colleagues, which also taught me and made the life in the lab and studies easy: Manuel Ferrer, Alex Neef, Angelika Arnscheidt, Olga Golyshina, Tanja Chernikova, Christoph Gertler, Agnes Waliczek, Britta Scheithauer, Julia Sabirova, Oleg Kotsurbenko, and other wonderful labmates. I am also grateful to Michail Yakimov and Vitor Martins dos Santos for useful discussions and suggestions. I am very obliged to my family: my parents and my brother, my parents on low and of course to my wife, which made all of their best to support me. 3 Summary.....................................................………………………………………………... 5 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................……... 7 Prion diseases: early hypotheses...………...………………..........…......…......……….. 7 The basics of the prion concept………………………………………………….……... 8 Putative prion dissemination pathways………………………………………….……... 10 Earthworms: a putative factor of the dissemination of TSE infectivity in soil?.………. 11 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………. 16 2. Materials and Methods.............................…......................................................……….. 17 2.1 Sampling and general experimental design..................................................………. 17 2.2 Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)………..……………………….………. 18 2.2.1 FISH with soil, intestine, and casts samples…………………………….……... 18 Isolation of cells from environmental samples…………………………….……….
    [Show full text]
  • NCTC) Bacterial Strain Equivalents to American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Bacterial Strains
    This list shows National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) bacterial strain equivalents to American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) bacterial strains. NCTC Number CurrentName ATCC Number NCTC 7212 Acetobacter pasteurianus ATCC 23761 NCTC 10138 Acholeplasma axanthum ATCC 25176 NCTC 10171 Acholeplasma equifetale ATCC 29724 NCTC 10128 Acholeplasma granularum ATCC 19168 NCTC 10172 Acholeplasma hippikon ATCC 29725 NCTC 10116 Acholeplasma laidlawii ATCC 23206 NCTC 10134 Acholeplasma modicum ATCC 29102 NCTC 10188 Acholeplasma morum ATCC 33211 NCTC 10150 Acholeplasma oculi ATCC 27350 NCTC 10198 Acholeplasma parvum ATCC 29892 NCTC 8582 Achromobacter denitrificans ATCC 15173 NCTC 10309 Achromobacter metalcaligenes ATCC 17910 NCTC 10807 Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans ATCC 27061 NCTC 10808 Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans ATCC 17062 NCTC 10809 Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans ATCC 27063 NCTC 12156 Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 NCTC 10303 Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17904 NCTC 7844 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ATCC 15308 NCTC 12983 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ATCC 23055 NCTC 8102 acinetobacter dna group 13 ATCC 17903 NCTC 10304 Acinetobacter genospecies 13 ATCC 17905 NCTC 10306 Acinetobacter haemolyticus ATCC 17907 NCTC 10305 Acinetobacter haemolyticus subsp haemolyticus ATCC 17906 NCTC 10308 Acinetobacter johnsonii ATCC 17909 NCTC 10307 Acinetobacter junii ATCC 17908 NCTC 5866 Acinetobacter lwoffii ATCC 15309 NCTC 12870 Actinobacillus delphinicola ATCC 700179 NCTC 8529 Actinobacillus equuli ATCC 19392
    [Show full text]
  • Legionella Gresilensis Sp. Nov. and Legionella Beliardensis Sp. Nov., Isolated from Water in France
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2001), 51, 1949–1957 Printed in Great Britain Legionella gresilensis sp. nov. and Legionella beliardensis sp. nov., isolated from water in France 1 Centre National de Franc: ois Lo Presti,1‡ Serge Riffard,1 He! le' ne Meugnier,1 Re! fe! rence des Legionella 1 2 3 UPRES EA1655, Faculte! de Monique Reyrolle, Yves Lasne, † Patrick A. D. Grimont, Me! decine RTH Laennec, Francine Grimont,3 Robert F. Benson,4 Don J. Brenner,4 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 4 1 1 69372 Lyon cedex 08, Arnold G. Steigerwalt, Jerome Etienne and Jean Freney France 2 Laboratoire des Author for correspondence: Franc: ois Lo Presti. Tel: j33 0 169 79 79 60. Fax: j33 0 169 79 79 20. Radioisotopes et de e-mail: Francois.Lo-Presti!sanofi-synthelabo.com Biochimie mole! culaire, Ho# pital Edouard Herriot, ! ! 69437 Lyon cedex 03, Novel Legionella-like isolates, strains Montbeliard A1T and Greoux 11 D13T, France isolated from two different French water sources, were studied taxonomically 3 Unite! des Ente! robacte! ries, and phylogenetically. Morphological and biochemical characterization revealed Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France that they were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacilli with a cut- glass appearance that grew only on L-cysteine-supplemented buffered charcoal 4 Respiratory Diseases Branch, Meningitis and yeast extract agar. Phenotypic characterization using fatty acid and ubiquinone Special Pathogens Branch, profiles and SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed that they were closely related, but National Center for distinct from, other species of the genus Legionella, since serotyping could not Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and relate them to any existing serogroup.
    [Show full text]
  • Legionella Shows a Diverse Secondary Metabolism Dependent on a Broad Spectrum Sfp-Type Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase
    Legionella shows a diverse secondary metabolism dependent on a broad spectrum Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyl transferase Nicholas J. Tobias1, Tilman Ahrendt1, Ursula Schell2, Melissa Miltenberger1, Hubert Hilbi2,3 and Helge B. Bode1,4 1 Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur fu¨r Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe Universita¨t, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2 Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Munich, Germany 3 Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zu¨rich, Zu¨rich, Switzerland 4 Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe Universita¨t, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ABSTRACT Several members of the genus Legionella cause Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially debilitating form of pneumonia. Studies frequently focus on the abundant number of virulence factors present in this genus. However, what is often overlooked is the role of secondary metabolites from Legionella. Following whole genome sequencing, we assembled and annotated the Legionella parisiensis DSM 19216 genome. Together with 14 other members of the Legionella, we performed comparative genomics and analysed the secondary metabolite potential of each strain. We found that Legionella contains a huge variety of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are potentially making a significant number of novel natural products with undefined function. Surprisingly, only a single Sfp-like phosphopantetheinyl transferase is found in all Legionella strains analyzed that might be responsible for the activation of all carrier proteins in primary (fatty acid biosynthesis) and secondary metabolism (polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthesis). Using conserved active site motifs, we predict Submitted 29 June 2016 some novel compounds that are probably involved in cell-cell communication, Accepted 25 October 2016 Published 24 November 2016 differing to known communication systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Which Organisms Are Used for Anti-Biofouling Studies
    Table S1. Semi-systematic review raw data answering: Which organisms are used for anti-biofouling studies? Antifoulant Method Organism(s) Model Bacteria Type of Biofilm Source (Y if mentioned) Detection Method composite membranes E. coli ATCC25922 Y LIVE/DEAD baclight [1] stain S. aureus ATCC255923 composite membranes E. coli ATCC25922 Y colony counting [2] S. aureus RSKK 1009 graphene oxide Saccharomycetes colony counting [3] methyl p-hydroxybenzoate L. monocytogenes [4] potassium sorbate P. putida Y. enterocolitica A. hydrophila composite membranes E. coli Y FESEM [5] (unspecified/unique sample type) S. aureus (unspecified/unique sample type) K. pneumonia ATCC13883 P. aeruginosa BAA-1744 composite membranes E. coli Y SEM [6] (unspecified/unique sample type) S. aureus (unspecified/unique sample type) graphene oxide E. coli ATCC25922 Y colony counting [7] S. aureus ATCC9144 P. aeruginosa ATCCPAO1 composite membranes E. coli Y measuring flux [8] (unspecified/unique sample type) graphene oxide E. coli Y colony counting [9] (unspecified/unique SEM sample type) LIVE/DEAD baclight S. aureus stain (unspecified/unique sample type) modified membrane P. aeruginosa P60 Y DAPI [10] Bacillus sp. G-84 LIVE/DEAD baclight stain bacteriophages E. coli (K12) Y measuring flux [11] ATCC11303-B4 quorum quenching P. aeruginosa KCTC LIVE/DEAD baclight [12] 2513 stain modified membrane E. coli colony counting [13] (unspecified/unique colony counting sample type) measuring flux S. aureus (unspecified/unique sample type) modified membrane E. coli BW26437 Y measuring flux [14] graphene oxide Klebsiella colony counting [15] (unspecified/unique sample type) P. aeruginosa (unspecified/unique sample type) graphene oxide P. aeruginosa measuring flux [16] (unspecified/unique sample type) composite membranes E.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S5. the Information of the Bacteria Annotated in the Soil Community at Species Level
    Table S5. The information of the bacteria annotated in the soil community at species level No. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species The number of contigs Abundance(%) 1 Firmicutes Bacilli Bacillales Bacillaceae Bacillus Bacillus cereus 1749 5.145782459 2 Bacteroidetes Cytophagia Cytophagales Hymenobacteraceae Hymenobacter Hymenobacter sedentarius 1538 4.52499338 3 Gemmatimonadetes Gemmatimonadetes Gemmatimonadales Gemmatimonadaceae Gemmatirosa Gemmatirosa kalamazoonesis 1020 3.000970902 4 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas indica 797 2.344876284 5 Firmicutes Bacilli Lactobacillales Streptococcaceae Lactococcus Lactococcus piscium 542 1.594633558 6 Actinobacteria Thermoleophilia Solirubrobacterales Conexibacteraceae Conexibacter Conexibacter woesei 471 1.385742446 7 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas taxi 430 1.265115184 8 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas wittichii 388 1.141545794 9 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas sp. FARSPH 298 0.876754244 10 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sorangium cellulosum 260 0.764953367 11 Proteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria Myxococcales Polyangiaceae Sorangium Sphingomonas sp. Cra20 260 0.764953367 12 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas panacis 252 0.741416341
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Presentation Legionella Problem in The
    2012/2/9 Legionnaire’s Disease: History, Epidemiology; Assessment and Control of Environmental Outline of Presentation Factors leading to Outbreak Conditions Legionaries’ Disease History Occurrence Nature of Disease Route of Infection Presented at the Pathogenesis HKIOEH Professional Development Seminar Diagnosis and treatment Prevention of infection Understanding the ecology of Legionella February 8, 2012 Control Measures Risk assessment / management Joseph K. Kwan An Outbreak investigation The First Legionnaire’s Disease outbreak It occurred during The 1976 American Legionnaires’ annual meeting at a hotel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Upon returning home, 221 got sick, 34 died Investigation revealed a responsible bacteria This Bacterium was named (Legionella pneumophila) Records reveal similar outbreaks 1947 & 1967 It all started here in June 1976 Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Since 1976 Outbreaks continue to Legionella Problem in the USA take place all over the world Between 8000 to 18,000 cases reported each year World-wide Occurrence: 10 to 20 % fatality Range of 1 – 21 cases / million ~ 23% are hospital acquired Europe ~ 4.3 cases / million 30- 40% mortality rate HK ~3 cases / million Accuracy depends on efficiency of recognition and reporting!! ~30,000 patients have died from hospital acquired Legionnaires’ disease in the past 25 years No evidence of transmission from person to person All sources are environment related 1 2012/2/9 The situation in HK Legionella Outbreaks
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Diversity Under Extreme Euxinia: Mahoney Lake, Canada V
    Geobiology (2012), 10, 223–235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2012.00317.x Microbial diversity under extreme euxinia: Mahoney Lake, Canada V. KLEPAC-CERAJ,1,2 C. A. HAYES,3 W. P. GILHOOLY,4 T. W. LYONS,5 R. KOLTER2 AND A. PEARSON3 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 2Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 4Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA 5Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA ABSTRACT Mahoney Lake, British Columbia, Canada, is a stratified, 15-m deep saline lake with a euxinic (anoxic, sulfidic) hypolimnion. A dense plate of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria is found at the chemocline, but to date the rest of the Mahoney Lake microbial ecosystem has been underexamined. In particular, the microbial community that resides in the aphotic hypolimnion and ⁄ or in the lake sediments is unknown, and it is unclear whether the sulfate reducers that supply sulfide for phototrophy live only within, or also below, the plate. Here we profiled distribu- tions of 16S rRNA genes using gene clone libraries and PhyloChip microarrays. Both approaches suggest that microbial diversity is greatest in the hypolimnion (8 m) and sediments. Diversity is lowest in the photosynthetic plate (7 m). Shallower depths (5 m, 7 m) are rich in Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteo- bacteria, while deeper depths (8 m, sediments) are rich in Crenarchaeota, Natronoanaerobium, and Verrucomi- crobia. The heterogeneous distribution of Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria between 7 and 8 m is consistent with metabolisms involving sulfur intermediates in the chemocline, but complete sulfate reduction in the hypolimnion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Risk to Human Health from Free-Living Amoebae Interaction with Legionella in Drinking and Recycled Water Systems
    THE RISK TO HUMAN HEALTH FROM FREE-LIVING AMOEBAE INTERACTION WITH LEGIONELLA IN DRINKING AND RECYCLED WATER SYSTEMS Dissertation submitted by JACQUELINE MARIE THOMAS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) AND BACHELOR OF ARTS, UNSW In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING MAY 2012 SUPERVISORS Professor Nicholas Ashbolt Office of Research and Development United States Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, Ohio USA and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia Professor Richard Stuetz School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia Doctor Torsten Thomas School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia ORIGINALITY STATEMENT '1 hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom 1 have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.' Signed ~ ............................
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Identification of Free-Living Amoebae from Tap Water in Sivas, Turkey
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 675145, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/675145 Research Article Isolation and Identification of Free-Living Amoebae from Tap Water in Sivas, Turkey Kübra AçJkalJnCoGkun,1 Semra Özçelik,1 Lütfi Tutar,2 Nazif ElaldJ,3 and Yusuf Tutar4,5 1 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kahramanmaras¸Sutc¨ ¸u¨ Imam˙ University, 46100 Kahramanmaras, Turkey 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey 5 CUTFAM Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey Correspondence should be addressed to Yusuf Tutar; [email protected] Received 9 April 2013; Revised 11 June 2013; Accepted 27 June 2013 Academic Editor: Gernot Zissel Copyright © 2013 Kubra¨ Ac¸ıkalın Cos¸kun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The present work focuses on a local survey of free-living amoebae (FLA) that cause opportunistic and nonopportunistic infections in humans. Determining the prevalence of FLA in water sources can shine a light on the need to prevent FLA related illnesses. A total of 150 samples of tap water were collected from six districts of Sivas province. The samples were filtered and seeded on nonnutrient agar containing Escherichia coli spread. Thirty-three (22%) out of 150 samples were found to be positive for FLA.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Duopath Legionella Kit for the Rapid Identification Of
    Biocontrol Science, 2007, Vol.12, No.4, 155-158 Note Evaluation of DuopathLegionella Kit for the Rapid Identification of Legionella Strains Isolated from Water Samples HIROAKI INOUE1•–, TOMOKO TAKAMA1, YUKIKO AGAWA1, JUNKO ONODERA1, TOMOKI ISHIMA1, KUNIO AGATA1, KEIKO SAITOH2, AND KATSUNORI HURUHATA3 1 Tsukuba Research Laboratories , Aquas Corporation, 4-4 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, lbaraki 300-2646, Research and Investigation Department, Building2 Manegement Education Center, 1-4-28, Mita, Minato, Tokyo 108-0073, School of Environmental Health, Azabu University, 3 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan Received 20 August, 2007/Accepted 18 October, 2007 Duopath Legionella (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) is a rapid and simple immunochromatographic assay kit for the identification of Legionella species. We evaluated the precision of the kit in identifying 100 strains of Legionella and 35 strains of non-Legionella bacteria isolated from cooling tower and bath water samples. Consequently, of all the Legionella strains tested, 99 strains were judged to be Legionella, and only one strain (Legionella busanensis) was judged to be non-Legionella. All of the 35 non-Legionella strains were judged to be non-Legionella. We therefore conclude that Duopath Legionella is a useful method for the rapid identification of Legionella. Key words: Identification/Immunochromatography/Legionella. Legionella species are gram-negative bacteria are required to obtain the final results of the test, be- ubiquitously found in various aquatic environments. If cause the growth of Legionella on the selective agar humans were to inhale aerosolized water from a plates is very slow. Therefore, the development of a source contaminated with Legionella, such as cooling rapid detection and identification procedure for tower or bath water, they could contract a severe Legionella by the culture method is desired.
    [Show full text]
  • List of the Pathogens Intended to Be Controlled Under Section 18 B.E
    (Unofficial Translation) NOTIFICATION OF THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH RE: LIST OF THE PATHOGENS INTENDED TO BE CONTROLLED UNDER SECTION 18 B.E. 2561 (2018) By virtue of the provision pursuant to Section 5 paragraph one, Section 6 (1) and Section 18 of Pathogens and Animal Toxins Act, B.E. 2558 (2015), the Minister of Public Health, with the advice of the Pathogens and Animal Toxins Committee, has therefore issued this notification as follows: Clause 1 This notification is called “Notification of the Ministry of Public Health Re: list of the pathogens intended to be controlled under Section 18, B.E. 2561 (2018).” Clause 2 This Notification shall come into force as from the following date of its publication in the Government Gazette. Clause 3 The Notification of Ministry of Public Health Re: list of the pathogens intended to be controlled under Section 18, B.E. 2560 (2017) shall be cancelled. Clause 4 Define the pathogens codes and such codes shall have the following sequences: (1) English alphabets that used for indicating the type of pathogens are as follows: B stands for Bacteria F stands for fungus V stands for Virus P stands for Parasites T stands for Biological substances that are not Prion R stands for Prion (2) Pathogen risk group (3) Number indicating the sequence of each type of pathogens Clause 5 Pathogens intended to be controlled under Section 18, shall proceed as follows: (1) In the case of being the pathogens that are utilized and subjected to other law, such law shall be complied. (2) Apart from (1), the law on pathogens and animal toxin shall be complied.
    [Show full text]