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State of the Art Related to M2mgrids Scope
Public A state of the art related to scope of M2MGrids project M2MGrids ITEA 2 13011 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Edited by Juhani Latvakoski Including contributions from: all M2MGrids project partners This document will be treated as strictly confidential. It will not be disclosed to anybody not having signed the ITEA / ITEA 2 Declaration of Non-Disclosure. CONFIDENTIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 6 List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 7 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 10 2 Review of the Internet of Things architectures ............................................................. 10 References..................................................................................................................... 14 3 State of the Art Analysis on M2M Information systems ................................................ 15 3.1 Technologies ......................................................................................................... 15 3.1.1 Knowledge Representation........................................................................... 15 3.1.2 Multi-agent Systems .................................................................................... 16 3.1.3 Optimization techniques .............................................................................. -
Cities, Climate Change and Multilevel Governance
Cities, Climate Change and Multilevel Governance J. Corfee-Morlot, L. Kamal-Chaoui, M. G. Donovan, I. Cochran, A. Robert and P.J. Teasdale JEL Classification: Q51, Q54, Q56, Q58, R00. Please cite this paper as: Corfee-Morlot, Jan, Lamia Kamal-Chaoui, Michael G. Donovan, Ian Cochran, Alexis Robert and Pierre- Jonathan Teasdale (2009), “Cities, Climate Change and Multilevel Governance”, OECD Environmental Working Papers N° 14, 2009, OECD publishing, © OECD. OECD ENVIRONMENT WORKING PAPERS This series is designed to make available to a wider readership selected studies on environmental issues prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal authors are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language English or French with a summary in the other if available. The opinions expressed in these papers are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or the governments of its member countries. Comment on the series is welcome, and should be sent to either [email protected] or the Environment Directorate, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ OECD Environment Working Papers are published on www.oecd.org/env/workingpapers ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be made to: OECD Publishing, [email protected] or by fax 33 1 45 24 99 30. Copyright OECD 2009 2 ABSTRACT Cities represent a challenge and an opportunity for climate change policy. As the hubs of economic activity, cities generate the bulk of GHG emissions and are thus important to mitigation strategies. -
Policy Brief
Policy brief Energy Transition in Europe’s Power House. Alleingang, avant-garde or blackout? Issue 2012/03 • October 2012 by Thomas Sattich he transformation of Germany’s energy Tsector will further exacerbate current The German government proclaimed its “revolution of Germany’s network fluctuations and intensify the need energy sector” (Angela Merkel) without consulting its neighbours. The neglect of Europe’s Internal Electricity Market is one of the most for modifications in Europe’s power system. surprising aspects of the German Energiewende (energy transition) Cross-border power transfers will have project, which aims at substantially increasing the share of rene- to increase in order to overcome national wables in the German energy mix while phasing out nuclear power. limitations for absorbing large volumes In Europe, national power systems do not function in isolation from of intermittent renewables like wind and one another; cross-border power flows are daily routine. In addi- solar power. In order to establish such an tion, the Internal Electricity Market helped with the first steps of infrastructure on a European scale, the energy Germany’s energy transition: interconnections with neighbouring transition needs to be guided by an economic countries not only enabled wind energy surpluses to be exported, approach designed to prevent further fractures but also permitted electricity imports to bridge the supply gap after in the Internal Electricity Market. Moreover, the rapid phase-out of nuclear plants in the wake of the Fukushi- constructive negotiations with neighbouring ma disaster. Increasing the input of renewables therefore not only countries on market designs and price subverts the hierarchical top-down logic of electricity distribution signals will be important preconditions for a on the national level, but has implications for the supranational di- successful energy transition in Europe. -
NV Energy Reliability and Power Quality Brochure
CUSTOMER SERVICE Reliability and Power Quality How To Safeguard The Life And Reliable Operation Of Your Home Appliances And Business Equipment Electricity powers our everyday lives. From specialized care equipment such as dialysis machines to everyday heating and cooling devices like air conditioners or furnaces and appliances, the impact of a power interruption on consumers can be significant. NV Energy places the highest priority on providing safe and reliable electric energy to all customers. However, there are situations where disturbances beyond human control cause momentary disruptions or other power quality issues. This Power Quality brochure outlines the power disturbances that happen in residential, industrial and commercial customers and how to protect against them. What Are The Different Types Of How Does NV Energy Deliver Electricity? Power Disturbances I Can Experience? NV Energy operates an extensive, sophisticated generation, transmission and distribution power management system that supplies most of southern and northern Nevada with There are several types of power disturbances that may affect your home or business. These electricity. This system delivers a reliable supply of power that satisfies national voltage may or may not impact you, depending on the magnitude, frequency and duration of the standards. Occasionally however, electric systems experience voltage disturbances from event, as well as the sensitivity of your electrical appliance or equipment. natural or man-made causes (e.g., lightning, wind, cars hitting power poles, etc.) that are impossible to predict or control. These disturbances can interfere with your appliances and If you have ever experienced any of the following, you may have a power quality concern: even damage some of your more sensitive equipment such as computers. -
Brownout-Oriented and Energy Efficient Management of Cloud Data Centers
Brownout-Oriented and Energy Efficient Management of Cloud Data Centers Minxian Xu Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2018 School of Computing and Information Systems THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE Copyright c 2018 Minxian Xu All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the author except as permitted by law. Brownout-Oriented and Energy Efficient Management of Cloud Data Centers Minxian Xu Principal Supervisor: Prof. Rajkumar Buyya Abstract Cloud computing paradigm supports dynamic provisioning of resources for deliver- ing computing for applications as utility services as a pay-as-you-go basis. However, the energy consumption of cloud data centers has become a major concern as a typical data center can consume as much energy as 25,000 households. The dominant energy efficient approaches, like Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling and VM consolidation, cannot func- tion well when the whole data center is overloaded. Therefore, a novel paradigm called brownout has been proposed, which can dynamically activate/deactivate the optional parts of the application system. Brownout has successfully shown it can avoid overloads due to changes in the workload and achieve better load balancing and energy saving effects. In this thesis, we propose brownout-based approaches to address energy efficiency and cost-aware problem, and to facilitate resource management in cloud data centers. They are able to reduce data center energy consumption while ensuring Service Level Agreement defined by service providers. Specifically, the thesis advances the state-of-art by making the following key contributions: 1. -
Brownout Based Blackout Avoidance Strategies in Smart Grids
Brownout Based Blackout Avoidance Strategies in Smart Grids Basina Deepak Raj Satish Kumar Sambit Padhi IIT Guwahati IIT Guwahati IIT Guwahati Arnab Sarkar Arijit Mondal Krithi Ramamritham IIT Guwahati IIT Patna IIT Bombay ABSTRACT during demand overloads, such that uninterrupted power supply to Power shortage is a serious issue especially in third world countries, essential appliances/establishments may be selectively maintained and is traditionally handled through rolling blackouts. Today, smart while cutting down supply to less critical loads (lower priority). grids provide the opportunity of avoiding complete blackouts by In [1], authors introduced the brownout based approach and pre- converting them to brownouts, which allow selective provisioning sented a customer-end hardware prototype system to support the of power supply to support essential loads while curtailing supply to brownout based energy distribution scheme. less critical loads. In this work, we formulate brownout based power Our Contributions: Informed distribution of available Power. distribution scheduling as an optimization problem and propose In this paper, we develop the algorithmic support to answer the a modified Dynamic Programming (DP) based optimal algorithm following question: Given a system-wide upper-bound on consump- (suitable for moderate sized grids) that is 9 to 40 times faster than tion in times of power scarcity, how do we ensure that the available the conventional DP approach. power is equitably distributed to the consumers, taking into account the criticality of their needs. KEYWORDS First, we devise a comprehensive framework for brownout based electricity scheduling. The framework is guided by the following Smart Grids, Rolling Blackouts, Brownout. soft real-time specification (governed by recommendations of IEEE ACM Reference Format: standards on power quality [2]): Brownout based mitigation of im- Basina Deepak Raj, Satish Kumar, Sambit Padhi, Arnab Sarkar, Arijit Mon- balances in demand-supply must be conducted quickly and within dal, and Krithi Ramamritham. -
Cleaning up America's Coal: an Analysis of States' Potentials For
Intersect, Vol 9, No 1 (2015) Cleaning up America’s Coal: An Analysis of States’ Potentials for Carbon Capture and Storage Jessica Nicole Farrell Morehead State University Abstract Coal-fired power plants across the United States, though affordable and reliable providers of approximately 39% of the nation’s power, emit approximately 25% of total greenhouse gas emissions in the country. Therefore, in moving forward with legislation to reduce the amount of emissions, coal-fired power plants are among the first emitters to be targeted. This research examined individual power plants and states across the country, and after determining the energy profile and amount of coal emissions for each state and analyzing the unique characteristics of each power plant, an analysis was conducted to determine which power plants would benefit most from a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) retrofit. CCS, which captures carbon and prevents it from being released into the atmosphere, provides a unique solution for coal-fired power plants in that it allows them to continue their normal use while reducing emissions. In the framework of the Environmental Protection Agency’s regulations for coal-fired power plants through the Clean Power Plan, several states were ranked based on their energy profiles, emission amounts, and CCS retrofit value. With this research, a quantitative outreach strategy was designed for the Department of Energy to implement CCS technology in a select group of states, focusing on cost-effectiveness and efficiency of CCS in each state. The states that were identified as ideal candidates for CCS retrofits included: Illinois, Missouri, North Dakota, and West Virginia. -
The Seven Types of Power Problems
The Seven Types of Power Problems White Paper 18 Revision 1 by Joseph Seymour Contents > Executive summary Click on a section to jump to it Introduction 2 Many of the mysteries of equipment failure, downtime, software and data corruption, are the result of a prob- Transients 4 lematic supply of power. There is also a common problem with describing power problems in a standard Interruptions 8 way. This white paper will describe the most common types of power disturbances, what can cause them, Sag / undervoltage 9 what they can do to your critical equipment, and how to Swell / overvoltage 10 safeguard your equipment, using the IEEE standards for describing power quality problems. Waveform distortion 11 Voltage fluctuations 15 Frequency variations 15 Conclusion 18 Resources 19 Appendix 20 RATE THIS PAPER white papers are now part of the Schneider Electric white paper library produced by Schneider Electric’s Data Center Science Center [email protected] The Seven Types of Power Problems Introduction Our technological world has become deeply dependent upon the continuous availability of electrical power. In most countries, commercial power is made available via nationwide grids, interconnecting numerous generating stations to the loads. The grid must supply basic national needs of residential, lighting, heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, and transporta- tion as well as critical supply to governmental, industrial, financial, commercial, medical and communications communities. Commercial power literally enables today’s modern world to function at its busy pace. Sophisticated technology has reached deeply into our homes and careers, and with the advent of e-commerce is continually changing the way we interact with the rest of the world. -
“Energy Efficiency, Energy Security and Renewable Energy”
ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY SECURITY, RENEWABLE ENERGY: TAKING FORWARD THE GLENEAGLES DIALOGUE AND THE G8 ST PETERSBURG CONCLUSIONS Roger Williamson 1 Wilton Park serves as a British contribution to international understanding. Although it is partially financed by the United Kingdom’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Wilton Park enjoys academic freedom in determining the subjects of its conferences and in choosing speakers and participants. Its independence is guaranteed by a British Academic Council and by an International Advisory Council of Ambassadors and High Commissioners in London. Wilton Park conferences bring together people in positions of influence from many countries and from diverse professional backgrounds to examine major issues in international relations, including: European integration and security, US foreign and security policy, and transatlantic relations; Internal problems and foreign policies of the former Soviet Union and Central Europe, and prospects for the eastward enlargement of the European Union and NATO; Japan's economic and security relations with the US and Europe; Regional developments and problems in East, South-East and South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan and Southern Africa and Latin America; North-South relations and policies to deal with global issues such as arms proliferation, terrorism, trade, debt, economic development, the environment, migration, drugs and AIDS. Wilton Park Papers are substantive reports on the conferences. They draw on presentations made at the conference. -
Distributed Generation: a Review on Current Energy Status, Grid-Interconnected PQ Issues, and Implementation Constraints of DG in Malaysia
energies Review Distributed Generation: A Review on Current Energy Status, Grid-Interconnected PQ Issues, and Implementation Constraints of DG in Malaysia Jun Yin Lee 1,* , Renuga Verayiah 1, Kam Hoe Ong 1, Agileswari K. Ramasamy 1 and Marayati Binti Marsadek 2 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; [email protected] (R.V.); [email protected] (K.H.O.); [email protected] (A.K.R.) 2 Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 8 December 2020 Abstract: Electric supply is listed as one of the basic amenities of sustainable development in Malaysia. Under this key contributing factor, the sustainable development goal aims to ensure universal access to an affordable, clean, and reliable energy service. To support the generation capacity in years to come, distributed generation is conceptualized through stages upon its implementation in the power system network. However, the rapid establishment growth of distributed generation technology in Malaysia will invoke power quality problems in the current power system network. In order to prevent this, the current government is committed to embark on the development of renewable technologies with the assurance of maintaining the quality of power delivered to consumers. Therefore, this research paper will focus on the review of the energy prospect of both fossil fuel and renewable energy generation in Malaysia and other countries, followed by power quality issues and compensation device under a high renewable penetration distribution network. The issues and challenges of distributed generation are presented, with a comprehensive discussion and insightful recommendation on future work of the distributed generation. -
Ventex VT9030CL120 120V Neon Transformer Brochure
Innovation • Technology • Reliability The World’s Leading Electronic Power Supplies for Neon Lighting Introducing the next step forward in technology! Ventex “Generation III” UL 2161 Listed Products — Greater Energy Savings — Ventex standard HPF (High Technology so advanced, no other neon power supply or Power Factor) electronic neon power supplies draw minimal transformer even comes close in performance and reliability input current which lowers energy consumption. Ventex to Ventex Generation III units. With new exclusive Ventex units can save up to 66% of the energy used by standard "Triple-Shot", Surge and electromagnetic neon Brownout protec- transformers. Lower input tion, Generation III current means you can put technology does up to seventeen fully loaded more than any VT 9030CL-120 units on a other electronic single 20A circuit. Ventex neon power supply neon power supplies are or transformer to keep your comparable to LED systems signs on and protect your investment. in energy consumption for a fraction of the cost! ■ "Triple-Shot" Protection — Automatically turns on up to Features Built Into All Generation III Ventex Products — three times for intermittent problems to resist spurious trips. ■ UL 2161 Listed, CUL Approved ■ Surge Protection — Clamps primary incoming voltage ■ Self-adjusting output voltage spikes on outdoor CL units (up to 2500 joules energy spike) ■ Line & load regulated for consistent mA output to prevent internal damage due to over voltage and surges. ■ Triple-Shot Technology ■ Brownout Protection — Eliminates false tripping ■ Brownout protection due to dips in primary voltage. ■ LALR, SST and PDS circuitry In addition, the proven“Generation II” technological ■ High Power Factor / High Efficiency Designs breakthroughs are still incorporated into each and every ■ Maximum overload shutdown protection “Generation III” unit to ensure maximum performance. -
Cyber Security Primer for DER Vendors, Aggregators, and Grid Operators
SANDIA REPORT SAND2017-13113 Unlimited Release Printed December 2017 Cyber Security Primer for DER Vendors, Aggregators, and Grid Operators Christine Lai, Nicholas Jacobs, Shamina Hossain-McKenzie, Cedric Carter, Patricia Cordeiro, Ifeoma Onunkwo, Jay Johnson Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. WORKING GROUP DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT PLEASE DO NOT REFERENCE OR CITE UNTIL FINAL SEND COMMENTS TO JAY JOHNSON ([email protected]) BY DEC 31, 2017. Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors.