Graphene and other 2D materials A selection of cutting-edge research from across the IOP materials portfolio iopscience.org/graphene contents

Foreword 3 2D Materials 6 Applied Physics Express 8 EPL 10 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 12 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 14 Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 16 Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 18 Nanotechnology 20 New Journal of Physics 22 Physica Scripta 24 Research on Progress in Physics 26 Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 28 Semiconductor Science and Technology 30 Physics World 32

Stay updated on graphene research by visiting Are you interested in other areas of science? iopscience.org/graphene. Visit our subject collections homepage to explore Latest articles, special issues, videos and news similar collections in other key topics. will be posted regularly. iopscience.org/subjects graphene and other 2D materials

Driven by the discovery of new fundamental science and the potential for wide-ranging novel applications, research on graphene has expanded like no other recent field attracting the attention of thousands of scientists from across physics, chemistry, engineering, medicine and industry. This research activity has also triggered the emergence of a new generation of atomically thin “2D materials” demonstrating the potential for equally novel properties and technological innovations. Cover image: Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a crumpled layer of graphene. Credit: Andre Geim, Kostya Novoselov/Science In response to this rapid pace of development, we are Photo Library. pleased to present a selection of high-impact articles from across the IOP materials journals portfolio covering a range of 2D materials that includes: • Graphene and graphene-derived materials • Silicene and germanene/silicane and germanane • Boron nitride • Transition metal dichalcogenides • 2D topological insulators • Complex oxides • Composite materials

All of the featured articles are also collected online at iopscience.org/graphene.

iopscience.org/graphene 3 Introducing three new materials titles for 2014

2D Materials is a new Serving the whole of materials Translational Materials multidisciplinary journal devoted science, Materials Research Research is a new type of to publishing fundamental and Express is a broad, rapid-review learned publication focusing applied research of the highest journal publishing new research on the steps needed to quality and impact, covering all on the design, fabrication, translate breakthroughs in aspects of graphene and other properties and applications of all advanced materials research related 2D layered materials. classes of materials. into commercial technologies, 2dmaterials.org mrx.iop.org products and applications. tmr.iop.org

Vladimir Fal’ko Meyya Meyyappan George Grüner Editor-in-Chief Editor-in-Chief Editor-in-Chief Lancaster University, UK NASA Ames Research University of 2D Materials Center, CA, USA California, Los Materials Research Angeles, USA Express Translational Materials Research

4 iopscience.org/graphene Innovative tools for NANOGraphene research

Oxford Instruments delivers high tech tools and systems to support nanotechnology research.

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2D We are opening up the Toolbox exciting world of graphene with our innovative

Manipulate toolbox of techniques and products, helping our partners to reveal even more of the nano-world.

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Ad.indd 1 18/06/2014 10:27 2D Materials

2D Materials is a multidisciplinary, electronic-only journal devoted to publishing research of the highest quality and impact on the fundamental science and applications of graphene and related two-dimensional materials. 2D Materials publishes original research covering all aspects of two-dimensional materials, including fundamental properties (experiments, theory and simulations), applications and synthesis/fabrication techniques. Specific materials of interest include (but are not limited to): Did you know? • Graphene • Silicene and germanene/silicane and germanane 2D Materials is publishing a • Boron nitride focus issue on Progress on the • Transition metal dichalcogenides Science and Applications of • 2D topological insulators 2D Materials in association • Complex oxides with, and endorsed by, the Composite materials Graphene Flagship • • Other novel 2D layered structures 2dmaterials.org For more information, please visit 2dmaterials.org or e-mail [email protected]

Video abstracts Authors can go beyond the constraints of a written article to highlight their work with Video abstracts

6 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE Deterministic transfer of two-dimensional materials by all-dry viscoelastic stamping Andres Castellanos-Gomez, Michele Buscema, Rianda Molenaar, Vibhor Singh, Laurens Janssen, Herre S J van der Zant and Gary A Steele 2014 2D Mater. 1 011002

Abstract The deterministic transfer of two-dimensional crystals constitutes a crucial step towards the fabrication of heterostructures based on the artificial stacking of two-dimensional materials. Moreover, controlling the positioning of two-dimensional crystals facilitates their integration in complex devices, which enables the exploration of novel applications and the discovery of new phenomena in these materials. To date, deterministic transfer methods rely on the use of sacrificial polymer layers and wet chemistry to some extent. Here, we develop an all-dry transfer method that relies on viscoelastic stamps and does not employ any wet chemistry step. This is found to be very advantageous to freely suspend these materials as there are no capillary forces involved in the process. Moreover, the whole fabrication process is quick, efficient, clean and it can be performed with high yield.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES

CVD-grown monolayered MoS2 as an effective photosensor operating at low-voltage Néstor Perea-López, Zhong Lin, Nihar R Pradhan, Agustín Iñiguez-Rábago, Ana Laura Elías, Amber McCreary, Jun Lou, Pulickel M Ajayan, Humberto Terrones, Luis Balicas and Mauricio Terrones 2014 2D Mater. 1 011004

Electronic and vibrational properties of defective transition metal dichalcogenide Haeckelites: new 2D semi-metallic systems H Terrones and M Terrones 2014 2D Mater. 1 011003

Silicane and germanane: tight-binding and first-principles studies V Zólyomi, J R Wallbank and V I Fal’ko 2014 2D Mater. 1 011005

A Klein-tunneling transistor with ballistic graphene Quentin Wilmart, Salim Berrada, David Torrin, V Hung Nguyen, Gwendal Fève, Jean-Marc Berroir, Philippe Dollfus and Bernard Plaçais 2014 2D Mater. 1 011006

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 7 Applied Physics Express

Applied Physics Express (APEX) is a letters journal devoted solely to rapid dissemination of up-to-date and concise reports on new findings in applied physics. It is published daily online and monthly in print. APEX publishes articles dealing with the applications of physical principles as well as articles concerning the understanding of physics with particular applications in mind. However, as a letter journal, emphasis will be given to developing and emerging fields in applied physics. A work of high originality but concerning a field not in a competitive area may be suggested to be submitted to the Spotlights JJAP Communication section. Examples of fields of current interest include: Read the articles selected by the Editors as having high • Semiconductors, dielectrics and organic materials potential for capturing the • Photonics, quantum electronics, optics and spectroscopy interest of researchers in the • Spintronics, superconductivity and strongly correlated applied physics community materials • Device physics including quantum information processing • Nanoscale science and technology • Crystal growth, surfaces, interfaces, thin films and bulk materials • Plasmas, applied atomic and molecular physics, and 2.731 applied nuclear physics As listed in 2012 Journal Citation • Device processing, fabrication and measurement reports (Thomson Reuters 2012)® technologies, and instrumentation • Cross-disciplinary areas such as bioelectronics/ Published in partnership with: photonics, biosensing, environmental/energy The Japan Society of Applied Physics technologies and MEMS iopscience.org/apex

8 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE

Fully valley- and spin-polarized magnetocapacitance in n-type monolayer MoS2 Xiaoying Zhou, Yiman Liu, Ma Zhou, Huaihua Shao and Guanghui Zhou 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 021201

Abstract We present a theoretical investigation on the quantum magnetocapacitance (MC) for n-type monolayer

MoS2 under a perpendicular magnetic field. We find that the MC clearly reflects the valley- and spin- resolved Landau levels (LLs). Interestingly, the MC is fully valley- and spin-polarized, which results in perfect square-wave-shaped polarization. This fully valley- and spin-polarized MC, especially the peak corresponding to the lowest LL, may be of great significance in valleytronic and spintronic device applications because it provides a magnetic method to control the electron valley and spin degrees of freedom. The MC behavior as a function of the magnetic field is also discussed.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Theoretical performance estimation of silicene, germanene, and graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors under ballistic transport Shiro Kaneko, Hideaki Tsuchiya, Yoshinari Kamakura, Nobuya Mori and Matsuto Ogawa 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 035102

Graphene diffusion barrier for forming ohmic contact on N-polar n-type GaN for high-power vertical- geometry light-emitting diodes Dae-Hyun Kim, Jae-Seong Park and Tae-Yeon Seong 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 046501

Graphene nonvolatile memory prototype based on charge-transfer mechanism Hongming Lv, Huaqiang Wu, Can Huang, Yuda Wang and He Qian 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 045101

Graphene-based mid-infrared, tunable, electrically controlled plasmonic filter Hong-Ju Li, Ling-Ling Wang, Han Zhang, Zhen-Rong Huang, Bin Sun, Xiang Zhai and Shuang-Chun Wen 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 024301

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 9 EPL

EPL’s focus on novel, scientifically significant and developing areas of science goes hand-in-hand with graphene and other 2D materials as hot topics of research. Many articles have been published covering a range of aspects within the field. The papers presented here represent the very best research from EPL, and showcase the breadth of both the topic and the scope of the journal.

To assist readers with finding published articles specifically related to graphene and other 2D materials there are compilation pages on the website listing recent articles. These can be found at epljournal.org/compilations. The graphene Did you know? page has an interesting introduction article written by Prof. Our Editorial Board consists Antonio Castro Neto, a former EPL Co-Editor. of more than 50 Co-Editors, all experienced researchers EPL also publishes articles on other high-profile topics such as with expertise covering the full quantum simulators, topological insulators, metamaterials, breadth of physics research. All soft matter, high-energy physics, plasma physics and fusion decisions are made sciences, and several others. We offer authors the choice by these active scientists of hybrid publishing. This option provides permanent greater visibility to individual publications, for a one-off fee. All other published articles have green open Did you know? access with an embargo period of 12 months. Our most downloaded paper published in 2013 was read epljournal.org more than 3300 times

Published in partnership with:

10 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE Quantum Hall effect of Haldane model under magnetic field Yi-Xiang Wang, Fu-Xiang Li and Ya-Min Wu 2014 EPL 105 17002

Abstract Haldane model can realize the anomalous quantum Hall effect (QHE) without Landau levels (LLs) and serves as a prototype of the quantum spin Hall effect. In this paper, we study the QHE of Haldane model under magnetic field with magnitude such that the magnetic flux in a plaquette is commensurate with the lattice structure. First, we show the origin of unconventional QHE in graphene and point out a general rule for the Hall step of Dirac fermions, which strongly depends on the valley degeneracy of each LL. Second, we study the conductance around the neutral point which lies in the gap given by continuous bands, revealing the competition between periodic magnetic flux and uniform magnetic field. Moreover, the redistribution behavior of Chern number is investigated. We find that besides the staggered magnetic flux, the next-nearest-neighbor hopping can also induce the redistribution. We also study the QHE of the extended Haldane model on a square lattice.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES First-principles study of rectifying and switching behavior for different contact positions between sulfur-terminated armchair graphene nanoribbons junctions K M Liew, Ming Qiu and Chris Yuan 2014 EPL 105 58005

Violation of the universal behavior of membranes inside cylindrical tubes at nanoscale E Perim, A F Fonseca, N M Pugno and D S Galvao 2014 EPL 105 56002

Structures and electronic properties of oxidized graphene from first-principles study Yang Zhang, Dang-Qi Fang, Sheng-Li Zhang, Yu-Hua Wen and Zi-Zhong Zhu 2014 EPL 105 37005

Substrate-enhanced superconductivity in Li-decorated graphene T P Kaloni, A V Balatsky and U Schwingenschlögl 2013 EPL 104 47013

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 11 Japanse Journal of Applied Physics

The Japanese Journal of Applied Physics (JJAP) is an international journal publishing articles dealing with the applications of physical principles, and the understanding of physics with particular applications in mind. JJAP publishes articles that significantly contribute to the advancements in the applications of physical principles as well as in the understanding of physics in view of particular applications in mind. Subjects covered by JJAP include the following fields: • Semiconductors, dielectrics and organic materials • Photonics, quantum electronics, optics and spectroscopy Spotlights • Spintronics, superconductivity and strongly correlated Read the articles selected materials by the Editors as having high • Device physics including quantum information processing potential for capturing the • Nanoscale science and technology interest of researchers in the • Crystal growth, surfaces, interfaces, thin films and bulk applied physics communit materials • Plasmas, applied atomic and molecular physics, and applied nuclear physics Published in partnership with: Device processing, fabrication and measurement The Japan Society of • Applied Physics technologies, and instrumentation • Cross-disciplinary areas such as bioelectronics/ photonics, biosensing, environmental/energy technologies and MEMS iopscience.org/jjap

12 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE Experimental study on SET/RESET conditions for graphene resistive random access memory Aya Shindome, Tsunaki Takahashi, Shunri Oda and Ken Uchida 2014 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 53 04EN02

Abstract The switching conditions of graphene resistive random access memories (ReRAMs) are studied. Multi terminal devices are used to clarify the location of ReRAM operations. It is shown that a metal/graphene interface has no effect on ReRAM operations and that there is only one local point where the ReRAM effect occurs in a two-terminal device. Further investigation of the SET conditions in a graphene ReRAM suggests that the SET operation is driven by a potential difference within the ReRAM device. Finally, the time dependence of the SET operation is assessed, revealing that it occurs when the transient gate voltage is reduced abruptly from 10 to 0 V.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Fabrication and Characterization of High-Mobility Graphene p–n–p Junctions Encapsulated by Hexagonal Boron Nitride Satoru Masubuchi, Sei Morikawa, Masahiro Onuki, Kazuyuki Iguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi and Tomoki Machida 2013 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52 110105

Growth and Electronic Structure Studies of Metal Intercalated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides MxNbSe2 (M: Fe and Cu) Yoonyoung Koh, Soohyun Cho, Joon Lee, Le-Xian Yang, Yan Zhang, Cheng He, Fei Chen, Dong-Lai Feng, Masashi Arita, Kenya Shimada, Hirofumi Namatame, Masaki Taniguchi and Changyoung Kim 2013 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52 10MC15

Optical and electrical properties of MoS2 and Fe-doped MoS2 Song Yu Wang, Tsung Shine Ko, Cheng Ching Huang, Der Yuh Lin and Ying Sheng Huang 2014 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 53 04EH07

Focused ion beam as a tool for graphene technology: Structural study of processing sequence by electron microscopy Gemma Rius, Amir H Tavabi, Narcis Mestres, Osamu Eryu, Takayoshi Tanji and Masamichi Yoshimura 2014 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 53 02BC22

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 13 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter

Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (JPCM) publishes work examining the fundamental physics behind the properties of a variety of materials. We aim to publish cutting-edge work at the forefront of the field and our special issues focus on the latest hot topics at the forefront of condensed matter, as exemplified by this graphene selection. JPCM covers the whole of condensed matter physics including soft matter and nanostructures. Papers may report experimental, theoretical or simulation studies and are published in the following subject sections: FTCs • Surface, interface and atomic-scale science On average Fast Track • Liquids, soft matter and biological physics Communications are published • Nanostructures and nanoelectronics within just 46 days of receipt. • Solid structure and lattice dynamics Authors should receive a first • Electronic structure decision in under 14 days • Correlated electrons • Superconductors and metals • Semiconductors Did you know? • Dielectrics and ferroelectrics JPCM articles received • Magnetism and magnetic materials 1.2 million downloads in 2013 iopscience.org/jpcm

14 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE Quasi-one-dimensional electronic states induced by an extended line defect in graphene: an analytic solution Xiaoling Lü, Liwei Jiang and Yisong Zheng 2014 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26 035302

Abstract Analytic solutions of the quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) electron states around an extended line defect in a graphene lattice are derived within the tight-binding model. Then, the electronic properties of this kind of boundary state in graphene are studied in detail. It is found that one subband composed of the even-parity boundary states emerges in the vicinity of the Dirac point. In particular, when the bulk band is gapped, such a one-dimensional subband remains in the bandgap, spanning two inequivalent valleys. In addition, this boundary state subband exhibits nontrivial dispersion, which can carry the valley polarized charge current flowing along the extended line defect. As a result, the line defect behaves like a one- dimensional channel for electronic transport. Moreover, its appearance in graphene or a hexagonal boron nitride sheet provides a promising way to print electric circuits in these two-dimensional materials.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Growth and structural properties of silicene at multilayer coverage E Salomon, R El Ajjouri, G Le Lay and T Angot 2014 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26 185003

Nonmetallic substrates for growth of silicene: an ab initio prediction S Kokott, P Pflugradt, L Matthes and F Bechstedt 2014 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26 185002

Lattice match and lattice mismatch models of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride from first principles Xiaoyang Zhao, Linyang Li and Mingwen Zhao 2014 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26 095002

Spin polarization of Co(0001)/graphene junctions from first principles G M Sipahi, Igor Žutic´, N Atodiresei, R K Kawakami and P Lazic´ 2014 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26 104204

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 15 Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics (JPhysD) is a major international journal reporting significant new results in all aspects of applied physics research, including materials science. Our interdisciplinary nature ensures a wide readership for your best materials physics research. We welcome submissions in the following areas: applied magnetic materials; semiconductor and photonic materials; biomaterials; nanomaterials; plasma processing of materials; and materials surfaces and interfaces. Fast publication Materials science is an integral part of applied physics research and JPhysD is proud to publish work at the forefront 40 days is the (median) receipt of this important field. The articles and special issues selected to first decision time here give a flavour of the diversity of work that we publish in materials science. Impact Factor With our strong Impact Factor (2.528) and an average first decision time of just 40 days, there has never been a better time to publish with JPhysD to achieve worldwide visibility of 2.528 your work. As listed in 2012 Journal Citation reports (Thomson Reuters 2012)® iopscience.org/jphysd

16 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE Wafer bonding solution to epitaxial graphene–silicon integration Rui Dong, Zelei Guo, James Palmer, Yike Hu, Ming Ruan, John Hankinson, Jan Kunc, Swapan K Bhattacharya, Claire Berger and Walt A de Heer 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 094001

Abstract A new strategy for the integration of graphene electronics with silicon complementary metal–oxide– semiconductor (Si-CMOS) technology is demonstrated that requires neither graphene transfer nor patterning. Inspired by silicon-on-insulator and three-dimensional device hyper-integration techniques, a thin monocrystalline silicon layer ready for CMOS processing is bonded to epitaxial graphene (EG) on SiC. The parallel Si and graphene electronic platforms are interconnected by metal vias. In this method, EG is grown prior to bonding so that the process is compatible with EG high temperature growth and preserves graphene integrity and nano-structuring.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES

Band structure engineering of monolayer MoS2 on h-BN: first-principles calculations Zongyu Huang, Chaoyu He, Xiang Qi, Hong Yang, Wenliang Liu, Xiaolin Wei, Xiangyang Peng and Jianxin Zhong 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 075301

Quantum Hall effect of self-organized graphene monolayers on the C-face of 6H-SiC B Jabakhanji, C Consejo, N Camara, W Desrat, P Godignon and B Jouault 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 094009

Thermal conductivity of silicene nanosheets and the effect of isotopic doping Bo Liu, C D Reddy, Jinwu Jiang, Hongwei Zhu, Julia A Baimova, Sergey V Dmitriev and Kun Zhou 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 165301

Effects of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets Tongwei Han, Ying Luo and Chengyuan Wang 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 025303

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 17 Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering

Serving the multidisciplinary materials community for over 20 years, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering (MSMSE) aims to publish new research work that advances the understanding and prediction of material behaviour at scales from atomistic to macroscopic through modelling and simulation. The scope of MSMSE is: • Modelling and/or simulation across materials science that emphasizes fundamental materials issues advancing Worldwide visibility the understanding and prediction of material behaviour. Interdisciplinary research that tackles challenging More than 110,000 full-text • and complex materials problems where the governing downloads in 2013 phenomena may span different scales of materials behaviour, with an emphasis on the development Why publish? of quantitative approaches to explain and predict experimental observations. Author benefits include: • Material processing that advances the fundamental electronic submission and materials science and engineering underpinning the tracking, high quality, fast connection between processing and properties. publication, free colour, Research on all classes of materials, and mechanical, multimedia facilities online, • microstructural, electronic, chemical, biological and and global readership optical properties. iopscience.org/msmse

18 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE Influence of temperature and free edges on the mechanical properties of graphene M A N Dewapriya, A Srikantha Phani and R K N D Rajapakse 2013 Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 21 065017

Abstract A systematic molecular dynamics simulation study is performed to assess the effects of temperature and free edges on the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus of a single-layer graphene sheet. It is observed that graphene sheets at higher temperatures fail at lower strains, due to the high kinetic energy of atoms. A numerical model, based on kinetic analysis, is used to predict the ultimate strength of the graphene under various temperatures and strain rates. As the width of a graphene reduces, the excess edge energy associated with free edge atoms induces an initial strain on the relaxed configuration of the sheets. This initial strain has a greater influence on the Young’s modulus of the zigzag sheet compared with that of the armchair sheets. The simulations reveal that the carbon–carbon bond length and amplitude of intrinsic ripples of the graphene increases with temperature. The initial out-of-plane displacement of carbon atoms is necessary to simulate the physical behaviour of a graphene when the Nosé–Hoover or Berendsen thermostat is used.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Semiconductor to metal transition in bilayer transition metals dichalcogenides

MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) Ashok Kumar and P K Ahluwalia 2013 Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 21 065015

Ab initio study on stacking sequences, free energy, dynamical stability and potential energy surfaces of graphite structures P Anees, M C Valsakumar, Sharat Chandra and B K Panigrahi 2014 Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 22 035016

A transfer matrix approach to electron transport in graphene through arbitrary electric and magnetic potential barriers Sameer Grover, Sankalpa Ghosh and Manish Sharma 2012 Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 20 045010

Molecular dynamics investigation of Si–B–N ceramics: effects of boron content Ningbo Liao, Wei Xue and Miao Zhang 2012 Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 20 035009

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 19 Nanotechnology

As the first peer-reviewed journal in nanoscale science and technology, Nanotechnology has seen the field develop from a select community early in its inception to the huge international research enterprise it is today. Nanotechnology publishes papers of the highest scientific quality at the forefront of nanoscale science and technology. It encompasses the understanding and application of the fundamental physics, chemistry, biology and technology of nanometre-scale objects. Comprising seven sections, two are dedicated to materials: Fast publication • Materials: synthesis or self-assembly • Materials: properties, characterization or tools Receipt to acceptance 78 days iopscience.org/nano

nanotechweb.org Join more than 53,000 people who read the latest in nanotechnology research every month

20 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE A metal–semiconductor–metal detector based on ZnO nanowires grown on a graphene layer Qiang Xu, Qijin Cheng, Jinxiang Zhong, Weiwei Cai, Zifeng Zhang, Zhengyun Wu and Fengyan Zhang 2014 Nanotechnology 25 055501

Abstract High quality ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown on a graphene layer by a hydrothermal method. The ZnO NWs revealed higher uniform surface morphology and better structural properties than ZnO NWs grown on

SiO2/Si substrate. A low dark current metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector based on ZnO NWs with Au Schottky contact has also been fabricated. The photodetector displays a low dark current of 1.53 nA at 1 V bias and a large UV-to-visible rejection ratio (up to four orders), which are significantly improved compared to conventional ZnO NW photodetectors. The improvement in UV detection performance is attributed to the existence of a surface plasmon at the interface of the ZnO and the graphene.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Organic solar cells using CVD-grown graphene electrodes Hobeom Kim, Sang-Hoon Bae, Tae-Hee Han, Kyung-Geun Lim, Jong-Hyun Ahn and Tae-Woo Lee 2014 Nanotechnology 25 014012

Large area hexagonal boron nitride monolayer as efficient atomically thick insulating coating against friction and oxidation Xuemei Li, Jun Yin, Jianxin Zhou and Wanlin Guo 2014 Nanotechnology 25 105701

Graphene–boron nitride superlattices: the role of point defects at the BN layer M J S Matos, M S C Mazzoni and H Chacham 2014 Nanotechnology 25 165705

Engineering of a Pluronic F127 functionalized magnetite/graphene nanohybrid for chemophototherapy Yongyong Li, Jiaqiang Liu, Haiqing Dong, Guangzhen Liu and Haiqing Hu 2014 Nanotechnology 25 065602

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 21 New Journal of Physics

New Journal of Physics As the leading open access journal in physics, The open access journal at the forefront of physics www.njp.org with an Impact Factor of 4.063, the ongoing mission of New Journal of Physics is to provide free access to research for the global physics community. “Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed matter physics.” These words from Andre Geim in 2007 have certainly proved to be correct. Seven years later, it seems there are several more 2D material stars that are following close behind. *

Pact Factor Im Journal ts Image: Phase distributions of Cartesian electric field components, in the image plane of a high numerical aperture •063 double lens system with coincident foci M R Foreman and P Török 2011 New Journal of Physics 13 063041. Citationcitation Index repor 4 * As listed in ISI®’s 2012 Science The focus issue “Silicene and Other 2D Materials”, featured in this collection, aims to provide a unique open access resource Did you know? for research on some of these other 2D material systems.

New Journal of Physics is the Every article in New Journal of Physics is downloaded most cited gold open access journal in physics hundreds of times within weeks of publication and the broad appeal of our content and free access is reflected in frequent wider media coverage. In 2013 alone, this included the BBC, Video abstracts New Scientist, Nature, New York Times and even Buzzfeed.

NJP papers with video abstracts The papers showcased here are just a small sample of the are read at least three times high-quality research in 2D materials published with us in the more than those without. All last year. video abstracts published by NJP are also featured on njp.org the journal’s YouTube channel.

Published in partnership with:

22 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED FOCUS ISSUE Focus on Silicene and Other 2D Materials Motohiko Ezawa and Guy Le Lay http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/focus/Focus%20on%20Silicene%20and%20Other%202D%20 Materials

Research on graphene has aroused large interest in other 2D materials. Among these novel materials graphene’s direct cousins, silicene and germanene, are of special interest, as well as monolayer

transition-metal di-chalcogenides, particularly molybdenum di-sulfide (MoS2). At variance with graphene

and monolayer MoS2, which can be peeled off from graphite and the bulk crystal, silicene and germanene do not exist in nature and have to be artificially created; a very exciting endeavour. Collated by Guy Le Lay (Aix–Marseille University) and Motohiko Ezawa (University of Tokyo), this ongoing collection will feature invited contributions from the leading experimental and theory groups in the field, focusing on the synthesis, observed and calculated properties, and potential applications of 2D materials.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Induced spin–orbit splitting in graphene: the role of atomic number of the intercalated metal and π–d hybridization Alexander M Shikin, Artem G Rybkin, Dmitry Marchenko, Anna A Rybkina, Markus R Scholz, Oliver Rader and Andrei Varykhalov 2013 New J. Phys. 15 013016

Group theoretical and topological analysis of the quantum spin Hall effect in silicene F Geissler, J C Budich and B Trauzettel 2013 New J. Phys. 15 085030

A topological insulator and helical zero mode in silicene under an inhomogeneous electric field Motohiko Ezawa 2012 New J. Phys. 14 033003

Local-field effects on the plasmon dispersion of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides Pierluigi Cudazzo, Matteo Gatti and Angel Rubio 2013 New J. Phys. 15 125005

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 23 Physica Scripta

Graphene and 2D material research stretches across a variety of topics and Physica Scripta’s focus on interdisciplinary research supports this aspect of the field. Graphene research continues to be an interesting and productive area of research, and one that proves popular with our readers. As well as the high-quality articles featured in this brochure, Physica Scripta has published the Nobel Symposium on Graphene and Quantum Matter in 2012.

The journal is co-published with The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and the scope covers a broad range of physics topics and related areas. Alongside the regular 12 issues Did you know? published every year, we also produce Invited Comments and Articles in Physica Scripta a programme of topical issues. were downloaded more than 280,000 times in 2013 physica.org

Did you know? Our Editorial Board is made up of more than 40 dedicated and experienced academics

Published in partnership with: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

24 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE Muons probe magnetism and hydrogen interaction in graphene M Riccò, M Aramini, M Mazzani, D Pontiroli, M Gaboardi and O V Yazyev 2013 Phys. Scr. 88 068508

Abstract Muon spin resonance (μSR) is a powerful technique for investigating the local magnetic fields in materials through implanted muons. Here we report a μSR study of chemically produced thermally exfoliated graphene. Our results provide an experimental answer to the many theoretical investigations of magnetic properties of graphene. The observed muon spin precession is attributed to a localized muon–hydrogen nuclear dipolar interaction rather than to a hyperfine interaction with magnetic electrons. This proves the absence of magnetism in chemically produced thermally exfoliated graphene.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Raman spectroscopy of graphene: doping and mapping D Stojanovic´, A Matkovic´, S Aškrabic´, A Beltaos, U Ralevic´, Dj Jovanovic´, D Bajuk-Bogdanovic´, I Holclajtner-Antunovic´ and R Gajic´ 2013 Phys. Scr. TI57 014010

Effect of an electric field on the transport and diffusion properties of bilayer graphene ribbons S A Sudorgin, M B Belonenko and N G Lebedev 2013 Phys. Scr. 87 015602

Persistent luminescence of cadmium silicates Lucas C V Rodrigues, Mika Lastusaari, Hermi F Brito, Maria C F C Felinto, José M Carvalho, Jorma Hölsä and Oscar L Malta 2014 Phys. Scr. 89 044014

Conjoined structures of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons V Krasnenko, V Boltrushko, M Klopov and V Hizhnyakov 2014 Phys. Scr. 89 044008

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 25 Reports on Progress in Physics

Our dedicated reviews journal publishes high-quality review articles written by leading authors in their field. This is a key resource for postgraduate students and those new to a research area as well as educators seeking to give their students a comprehensive overview of a field. The journal also publishes Reports on Progress to keep researchers up to date with fast moving areas and Key Issues articles where leading researchers give a more personal insight into a topic. Video abstracts Reports on Progress in Physics has published numerous review articles on graphene as well as other topics in Selected authors have included condensed matter physics and materials science. The journal short videos to accompany is a key resource for anyone wanting to gain a considered their articles, which give overview of developments in the field. excellent summaries of the topics covered iopscience.org/ropp

Did you know? Get an overview of the field quickly – over the last five years the journal has published more than 30 review articles on nanoscale science and low-d systems

26 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE The electronic properties of bilayer graphene Edward McCann and Mikito Koshino 2013 Rep. Prog. Phys. 76 056503

Abstract We review the electronic properties of bilayer graphene, beginning with a description of the tight-binding model of bilayer graphene and the derivation of the effective Hamiltonian describing massive chiral quasiparticles in two parabolic bands at low energies. We take into account five tight-binding parameters of the Slonczewski–Weiss–McClure model of bulk graphite plus intra- and interlayer asymmetry between atomic sites which induce band gaps in the low-energy spectrum. The Hartree model of screening and band-gap opening due to interlayer asymmetry in the presence of external gates is presented. The tight-binding model is used to describe optical and transport properties including the integer quantum Hall effect, and we also discuss orbital magnetism, phonons and the influence of strain on electronic properties. We conclude with an overview of electronic interaction effects.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Quantum resistance metrology using graphene T J B M Janssen, A Tzalenchuk, S Lara-Avila, S Kubatkin and V I Fal’ko 2013 Rep. Prog. Phys. 76 104501

Quantum interference and Aharonov–Bohm oscillations in topological insulators Jens H Bardarson and Joel E Moore 2013 Rep. Prog. Phys. 76 056501

The physics of Kondo impurities in graphene Lars Fritz and Matthias Vojta 2013 Rep. Prog. Phys. 76 032501

Transport through graphene quantum dots J Güttinger, F Molitor, C Stampfer, S Schnez, A Jacobsen, S Dröscher, T Ihn and K Ensslin 2012 Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 126502

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 27 Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (STAM) is an open access journal, supported by the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa). STAM is one of the highest rated gold open access journals in materials science. In 2014 the journal celebrates its 15th anniversary. STAM is the leading open access, international journal for outstanding research articles across all aspects of materials science. Our audience is the international materials community across the disciplines of materials science, Impact Factor physics, chemistry, biology as well as engineering. The journal covers a broad spectrum of materials science research including functional materials, synthesis and 3.752 processing, theoretical analyses, characterization and As listed in 2012 Journal Citation reports (Thomson Reuters 2012)® properties of materials. Emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary nature of materials science and issues at the forefront of the fi eld, such as energy and environmental Did you know? issues, as well as medical and bioengineering applications. In 2013 articles from STAM were downloaded more than iopscience.org/stam 291,000 times

Published in partnership with: • National Institute for Materials Science • Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology

28 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE Mechanically reliable thermoelectric (TE) nanocomposites by dispersing and embedding TE-nanostructures

inside a tetragonal ZrO2 matrix: the concept and experimental demonstration in graphene oxide–3YSZ system Mehdi Estili, Wen-Wen Wu, Mohammad Khazaei and Yoshio Sakka 2014 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15 014201

Abstract Novel low-dimensional thermoelectric (TE) materials suffer from poor mechanical reliability, which limits their applications, especially in mechanically harsh environments. Here, we propose a new concept, in which the novel, abundant, thermally stable TE-nanostructures are dispersed and then intimately

embedded inside a protective, mechanically reliable tetragonal ZrO2 (TZP) ceramic matrix with a low thermal conductivity. We also demonstrate an experimental proof-of-principle verification of our concept in reduced-

graphene oxide (GO)–3 mol% Y2O3–ZrO2 (3YSZ or 3Y-TZP) nanocomposite system. TE characterizations suggest that our protective TZP matrix does not degrade the intrinsic TE property of the reduced GO network. These preliminary results are promising and encouraging to start research on similar TZP-matrix TE- nanocomposites, which contain more effective TE-nanostructures with larger intrinsic power factors.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Immobilization of carbon nanotubes on functionalized graphene film grown by chemical vapor deposition and characterization of the hybrid material Prashanta Dhoj Adhikari, Seunghan Jeon, Myoung-Jun Cha, Dae Sung Jung, Yooseok Kim and Chong-Yun Park 2014 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15 015007

Toughened and machinable glass matrix composites reinforced with graphene and graphene-oxide nano platelets Harshit Porwal, Peter Tatarko, Salvatore Grasso, Chunfeng Hu, Aldo R Boccaccini, Ivo Dlouhý and Mike J Reece 2013 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 14 055007

The effect of the interlayer element on the exfoliation of layered Mo2AC (A = Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, As or In)

MAX phases into two-dimensional Mo2C nanosheets Mohammad Khazaei, Masao Arai, Taizo Sasaki, Mehdi Estili and Yoshio Sakka 2014 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15 014208

Co(OH)2 nanosheet-decorated graphene–CNT composite for supercapacitors of high energy density Qian Cheng, Jie Tang, Norio Shinya and Lu-Chang Qin 2014 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15 014206

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene iopscience.org/graphene 29 Semiconductor Science and Technology

Semiconductor Science and Technology (SST) serves the material science community by publishing original cutting-edge research specializing in semiconductor material processes used in industry, their properties, and their integration in electronic devices. SST covers fundamental and applied experimental and theoretical studies of the properties of semiconductors, their interfaces and devices including: • fundamental properties • materials and nanostructures Fast publication • devices and applications • fabrication and processing Median receipt to first decision • emerging fields: time is 19 days • topological semiconductors • layered materials and nanowires • semiconductors for energy Did you know? • flexible electronics More than 300,000 full-text iopscience.org/sst downloads in 2013

30 iopscience.org/graphene FEATURED ARTICLE

A direct comparison of CVD-grown and exfoliated MoS2 using optical spectroscopy G Plechinger, J Mann, E Preciado, D Barroso, A Nguyen, J Eroms, C Schüller, L Bartels and T Korn 2014 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 29 064008

Abstract

MoS2 is a highly interesting material, which exhibits a crossover from an indirect band gap in the bulk

crystal to a direct gap for single layers. Here, we perform a direct comparison between large-area MoS2

films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and MoS2 flakes prepared by mechanical exfoliation from mineral bulk crystal. Raman spectroscopy measurements show differences between the in-plane

and out-of-plane phonon mode positions in CVD-grown and exfoliated MoS2. Photoluminescence (PL) mapping reveals large regions in the CVD-grown films that emit strong PL at room-temperature, and low-temperature PL scans demonstrate a large spectral shift of the A exciton emission as a function of position. Polarization-resolved PL measurements under near-resonant excitation conditions show a strong circular polarization of the PL, corresponding to a valley polarization.

MORE HIGH-INTEREST ARTICLES Growth of graphene from SiC{0001} surfaces and its mechanisms Wataru Norimatsu and Michiko Kusunoki 2014 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 29 064009

Thermopower engineering of Bi2Te3 without alloying: the interplay between nanostructuring and defect activation Changdeuck Bae, Tim Böhnert, Johannes Gooth, Seulky Lim, Seonhee Lee, Hyunchul Kim, Stefan Heimann, Stephan Schulz, Hyunjung Shin and Kornelius Nielsch 2014 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 29 064003

Topochemical reactions of layered transition-metal oxides M A Hayward 2014 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 29 064010

Influence of O2 flow rate on HfO2 gate dielectrics for back-gated graphene transistors Kolla Lakshmi Ganapathi, Navakanta Bhat and Sangeneni Mohan 2014 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 29 055007

) To read the full articles, visit iopscience.org/graphene

iopscience.org/graphene 31 Physics World “With physics changing at such a rapid pace,

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32 iopscience.org/graphene 2D materials: graphene and beyond How graphene is just one of numerous 2D materials being pursued for novel device applications. Find out more in the latest Physics World Focus Issue on nanotechnology. mag.digitalpc.co.uk/fvx/iop/physworld/nano14

Video: Mildred Dresselhaus – the queen of carbon An exclusive interview with Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s pioneer of nanotechnology. physicsworld.com/cws/article/multimedia/2014/may/20/ mildred-dresselhaus-the-queen-of-carbon

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