U.S. ELECTION AssISTANCE COMMIssION ỦY BAN TRợ GIÚP TUYểN Cử HOA Kỳ 2008 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMINOLOGY Vietnamese BảN CHÚ GIảI CÁC THUậT Ngữ CHÍNH Về TUYểN Cử Tiếng Việt U.S. ELECTION AssISTANCE COMMIssION ỦY BAN TRợ GIÚP TUYểN Cử HOA Kỳ 2008 GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMINOLOGY Vietnamese Bản CHÚ GIải CÁC THUậT Ngữ CHÍNH về Tuyển Cử Tiếng Việt Published 2008 U.S. Election Assistance Commission 1225 New York Avenue, NW Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20005 Glossary of key election terminology / Bản CHÚ GIải CÁC THUậT Ngữ CHÍNH về TUyển Cử Contents Background.............................................................1 Process.................................................................2 How to use this glossary ..................................................3 Pronunciation Guide for Key Terms ........................................3 Comments..............................................................4 About EAC .............................................................4 English to Vietnamese ....................................................9 Vietnamese to English ...................................................82 Contents Bối Cảnh ...............................................................5 Quá Trình ..............................................................6 Cách Dùng Cẩm Nang Giải Thuật Ngữ Này...................................7 Các Lời Bình Luận .......................................................7 Về Eac .................................................................7 Tiếng Anh – Tiếng Việt ...................................................9 Tiếng Việt – Tiếng Anh ..................................................82 Glossary of key election terminology 1 Background In 1979, the Federal Election Commission voters, including individuals with (FEC) published a series of reports under disabilities (including the blind and visually The National Clearinghouse on Election impaired), Native American or Alaska Administration (NCEA) to assist election Native citizens, and voters with limited officials in their efforts to provide election proficiency in the English language, and services to groups identified by Section 2) the technical feasibility of providing 203 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) as voting materials in eight or more languages language minorities. The purpose of the for voters who speak those languages and reports was to provide guidance to state who have limited English proficiency. and local election officials for (1) HAVA also transferred to the EAC all identifying their language minority functions which the FEC’s Office of populations, (2) providing bilingual Election Administration exercised before registration services, and (3) providing the date of the enactment HAVA, bilingual balloting services. The three- including the maintenance of the National volume series consisted of: A Handbook of Mail-In Voter Registration Form. Ideas for Local Election Officials, A Glossary To initiate the process of meeting these of Common Spanish Election Terminology, and requirements, the EAC convened two A State of the Art Report. The ideas and meetings to provide guidance to the recommendations contained in these Commission on research to address barriers reports were not designed as legal faced by language minorities to the election guidelines for complying with the process. The first meeting focused on provisions of the VRA nor were election Spanish-speaking voters (August 2005) and officials required to consider or adopt them. the second focused on voters from the In 2002, the Help America Vote Act of Asian and Pacific Islander American 2002 (HAVA) established the U.S. communities (April 2006). Both of these Election Assistance Commission (EAC) to meetings included discussions on the “assist in the administration of Federal readability and usability of the National elections and to otherwise provide Mail-In Voter Registration Form and assistance with the administration of updating the FEC’s A Glossary of Common certain Federal election laws and programs, Spanish Election Terminology. The meetings to establish minimum election were comprised of local election officials, administration standards for States and Congressional staff members, national units of local government with advocacy groups, and research and public responsibility for the administration of policy organizations. Federal elections, and for other purposes” As a result of these meetings, the EAC (P.L. 107-252). Section 202 of HAVA established the Language Accessibility directs the EAC to serve as a national Program (LAP) to conduct research and clearinghouse and resource for the other activities to assist election officials in compilation of information and review of meeting the needs of voters with limited procedures with respect to the English-proficiency. The first activity of administration of Federal elections by LAP was the development and publication adopting voluntary voting systems of the 2007 Glossary of Key Election guidelines; providing for the testing, Terminology [English/Spanish and Spanish/ certification, decertification, and English]. Similar to the FEC’s 1979 glossary, recertification of voting system hardware the main purpose of the EAC glossary is to and software; and by conducting research assist state and local election officials in and activities that promote the effective providing translated election materials that administration of elections. Furthermore, are culturally and linguistically appropriate. Sections 241 (b)(5) and (14) of HAVA Due to the need for a similar glossary for allow the EAC to conduct studies and each of the five Asian languages covered by other activities that address: 1) methods of the Voting Rights Act and the large success ensuring the accessibility of voting, of the Spanish glossary, the EAC has registration, polling places, and voting to all 2 U.S. Election Assistance Commission proceeded with translating the glossary into terminology may prove beneficial for Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Tagalog, ensuring access to the electoral system and Vietnamese. regardless of a voter’s country of origin or Therefore, it is with great pleasure that the place of residence in the United States. EAC presents its 2008 Glossary of Key The EAC also expects to use these Election Terminology [English/Vietnamese glossaries as the basis for translating the and Vietnamese/English]. These are neither National Mail-In Voter Registration Form complete definitions and translations nor and other EAC materials into these five exclusive rules of usage. However, the Asian languages. establishment of uniform election Process The EAC glossary includes a total of 1,843 organizations that participated in the terms and phrases used in the EAC’s Asian languages meeting. At times, administration of elections in the United more than one translation was considered States. The glossary contains the original to be appropriate and widely accepted. In words from the FEC’s glossary. In addition, such cases, all of the possible translations new words and phrases were compiled from were included in the glossary and are left to a review of the informational materials the user to decide which translation suits made available on each state’s election his or her needs and target population. website. This included, but was not limited However, the translation most commonly to: voter guides/pamphlets; registration accepted and appropriate in the context of forms; voting systems and their elections is listed first. State and local components; Election Day forms and election officials are encouraged to work materials; sample ballots; and state/local cooperatively with each other and with election glossaries. In addition, the terms members of the target population to found in the 2005 Voluntary Voting System develop and review translated election Guidelines’ (VVSG) glossary were also materials that are suitable for their State incorporated, along with their definitions, and local communities. as they appear in the VVSG. As terms and The EAC would like to acknowledge the phrases were considered for inclusion in the following organizations for their time and glossary, they were reviewed for their assistance in ensuring the quality of the degree of usage, specificity to elections, and translations provided in the EAC’s Asian similarity to other phrases. languages glossaries: In September 2006, the EAC contracted Asian Pacific American Legal Center with Compass Languages to provide for the translation of the glossary into the five Filipino American Service Group (FASGI) Asian languages. To ensure the translations King County, Washington were culturally and linguistically Korean American Resource and appropriate, terms were translated by Cultural Center Compass’ multi-dialect team of professional Korean Resource Center (Los Angeles) translators. In addition, for each language the draft translations were reviewed by a Little Tokyo Service Center (Los Angeles) group of stakeholders with expertise in the Los Angeles County, California target language and subject matter to National Korean American Service & expertise in the target languages and Education Consortium (NAKASEC) subject matter. The stakeholder groups included representatives from the Organization of Chinese Americans (OCA) Glossary of key election terminology 3 How to use this glossary Relationships between the terms were terms and phrases. Furthermore, there were established during the translation process glossary entries which were identified as and cross-references were