South African Craft Industry Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
CULTURAL INDUSTRIES GROWTH STRATEGY (CIGS) THE SOUTH AFRICAN CRAFT INDUSTRY REPORT REPORT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARTS,CULTURE, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. FINAL REPORT NOVEMBER 1998 This report was commissioned by DACST to research the cultural industries and to propose strategies for their growth and development. This report does not necessarily reflect the views of the Department or the Ministry of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology but will be used to inform future policy formulation. The South African Craft Industry Cultural Industries Growth Strategy (CIGS) FOREWORD 1 SECTION 1 – INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 WHY THE CRAFT SECTOR IS IMPORTANT 3 1.1.1 Craft provides employment for vulnerable segments of society 3 1.1.2 Craft is an entry point into the economy 3 1.1.3 Development of the country’s skills base and labour pool 4 1.1.4 Most craft business is small business 5 1.1.5 Why is SMME development important 6 1.1.6 Craft - a source of innovation for the entire economy 6 1.1.7 Craft is linked to and can impact on the development in other industries 7 1.1.8 Markets for craft products 7 1.2 DEFINITION OF THE CRAFT SECTOR 7 1.3 THE RESEARCH PROCESS: METHODOLOGY 9 1.4 THE STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT 10 SECTION TWO - A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE 12 2.1 TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL INDUSTRY 13 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING THE CRAFT SECTOR 16 2.3 SOUTH AFRICA'S POSITION RELATIVE TO THE GLOBAL INDUSTRY 19 2.4 SUMMARY OF ISSUES IN SECTION TWO 21 SECTION THREE - THE SOUTH AFRICAN CRAFT INDUSTRY 22 3.1 PART ONE: KEY INDICATORS 22 3.1.1 The current size of the sector 24 3.1.2 The contribution of the craft sector to the GDP 29 3.1.3 A Spatial picture of the industry 33 3.1.4 Summary of issues in Part One of Section Three 36 3.2 PART TWO: HOW THE CRAFT SECTOR OPERATES 37 3.2.1 Beginnings of the craft industry 37 3.2.2 Production 40 3.2.3 Circulation And Delivery : Distribution 49 3.2.4 Consumption 53 3.2.5 Summary Of Issues In Part Two Of Section Three 56 3.3 PART THREE: INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT 58 3.3.1 Legislation And Policy Affecting The Craft Industry 58 3.3.2 Financial Service Provision 60 3.3.3 Associations 64 3.3.4 Education And Training 67 3.3.5 Summary Of Issues In Part Three Of Section Three 70 © DACST i November 1998 The South African Craft Industry Cultural Industries Growth Strategy (CIGS) SECTION FOUR - STRENGTHS-WEAKNESSES-OPPORTUNITIES-THREATS72 4.1 STRENGTHS OF THE SOUTH AFRICA CRAFT SECTOR 73 4.2 WEAKNESSES INFLUENCING THE CRAFT SECTOR 74 4.3 OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN CRAFT INDUSTRY 76 4.4 THREATS WHICH COULD SIGNIFICANTLY UNDERMINE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY 77 SECTION FIVE - STRATEGIC DILEMMAS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRAFT SECTOR 78 5.1 THE DISTORTION OF THE CRAFT SECTOR DURING THE 80’S 78 5.1.1 Isolation 78 5.1.2 The effect of the Pass Laws and Homeland Policies of the Apartheid State 79 5.1.3 The impact of funders and Alternative trading bodies on the craft market. 79 5.2 EXPLOITATION OR FACILITATION 80 5.3 CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRAFT SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA 81 5.4 PROFILING THE CRAFT INDUSTRY – THE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES 83 5.5 STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE CRAFT SECTOR 83 SECTION SIX - POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRAFT SECTOR 86 6.1 PRINCIPLES 87 6.1.1 Small Business Approach not welfare 87 6.1.2 Government Commitment 87 6.1.3 Social and Economic Sustainability 87 6.1.4 Cultural heritage issues 88 6.2.1 Rural Craft Sector Development 89 6.2.2 Urban Craft Sector Development 93 6.2 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 88 6.3 ROLE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARTS, CULTURE, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 96 6.4 MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPING INTERDEPARTMENTAL COLLABORATION 98 6.5 POTENTIAL PUBLIC SECTOR PROJECTS 101 6.5.1 National Craft And Design Institute 101 6.5.2 Local Government Link-Up 102 6.5.3 Spatial Development Initiatives 103 6.5.4 Craft Sector Information Desk 103 6.5.5 Craft Publications 104 6.5.6 Mobile Exhibition 104 6.5.7 Local Content Campaign 104 6.5.8 Museum, Airport And National Parks Shop Retailing Policy 105 6.6 SPECIFIC SHORT TERM INTERVENTIONS 105 6.6.1 Rural Craft Development Initiative In Kwazulu-Natal 105 6.6.2 Csir Textec Programme 105 6.7 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON FUNDING 105 6.7.1 Education And Training 106 6.7.2 Appropriate Forms Of Technology 106 6.7.3 Infrastructure 107 6.8 MONITORING OF GOVERNMENT 108 © DACST ii November 1998 The South African Craft Industry Cultural Industries Growth Strategy (CIGS) SECTION SEVEN - CONCLUSION 109 SECTION EIGHT - APPENDICES 110 8.1 APPENDIX A: Data Bases identified by research 110 8.2 APPENDIX B: Websites & Publications 111 8.3 APPENDIX C: Trade Fairs and Exhibitions 112 8.4 APPENDIX D: EDUCATION AND TRAINING INSTITUTIONS 114 8.5 APPENDIX E: Case Studies of Craft Enterprises 115 8.6 APPENDIX F: Characteristics of each subcategory of the craft industry 117 8.6.1 Traditional Art 117 8.6.2 Craftart 117 8.6.3 Functional Wares 118 8.6.4 Designer Goods 118 8.6.5 Souvenirs 118 8.6.6 Musical Instruments 119 8.8 APPENDIX H: Bibliography 126 8.8.1 Books 126 8.8.2 Reports 126 8.8.3 Magazine Articles 127 8.8.4 Newspaper Articles 127 8.8.5 Media Releases 128 8.8.6 Craft Action Body Documents 129 8.8.7 Information From The Internet 129 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 132 © DACST iii November 1998 The South African Craft Industry Cultural Industries Growth Strategy (CIGS) FOREWORD South Africa’s diverse and dynamic arts and culture heritage is one of its richest and most important resources, with the capacity to generate significant economic and social benefits for the nation. Equally important, but less well understood, is the potential for a vibrant and dynamic arts and culture sector to contribute significantly to the economy of the country. The Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (DACST) is contributing to the government’s Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy through a number of initiatives intended to enhance the economic and social benefits of arts and culture. The Cultural Industries Growth Strategy (CIGS) is one such initiative and has concentrated on developing strategies for the growth and development of the cultural industries, in particular to realise their potential to create an export market and to create employment. DACST appointed the Cultural Strategy Group, a multi-disciplinary consortium, to undertake the research and policy aspects of the study. The team included KPMG, the Centre for African Transformation (CART), LMA/SQW policy and research consultants and BDM consulting. This report was commissioned by DACST to research the cultural industries and to propose strategies for their growth and development. This report does not necessarily reflect the views of the Department or the Ministry of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology but will be used to inform future policy formulation. The term “cultural industries” is used to describe a wide variety of cultural activities which all have commercial organisation as their prime motivating force. These activities take a number of different forms and are organised in different ways from the manufacture or creation of products to the marketing and distribution thereof. The cultural industries which CSG concentrated on included: the music industry; the craft industry, publishing industry and the film and television industry. Their selection was based on a number of criteria including the recognition that these sectors were identifiable industries in South Africa; are potentially internationally competitive; have the potential to create employment and offer opportunities for rural and urban job creation. The cultural industries tend to be: knowledge intensive, involving highly skilled workers labour intensive, creating more than the average number of jobs differentiated, taking the form of small and medium enterprises (SMMEs) and large enterprises and linked with close, interlocking but flexible networks of production and service systems, allowing the sector flexibility in the face of economic recession Understanding the global context of the cultural industries is of crucial importance if any attempt is made to develop them. The politics of the “New Economy” and phenomena like the Internet make understanding these processes absolutely necessary. The CIGS process was designed to ensure a critical dialogue with experts from other countries © DACST 1 The South African Craft Industry Cultural Industries Growth Strategy (CIGS) where successful strategies to develop the cultural industries within this global context has been undertaken. The methodology followed for the CIGS study is an industry strategy analysis. Each sector report is therefore principally an economic analysis providing baseline data for each of the four sectors, and focusing on the current economic and social contribution of each sector; the impediments to growth and the opportunities for employment creation and competitive development. Each sector report concludes with strategic policy recommendations interventions for both the public and private sector. These recommendations aim to: maximise investment opportunities in the sector; highlight areas for government participation and legislation; identify potential private sector initiatives; leverage in multiple funding sources and benefit all stakeholders and practitioners within the industry and the economy as a whole This report is one of four sector studies. A fifth document “Creative South Africa” presents the argument for taking cultural industries seriously and develops a strategy for doing so.