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Morphology and Reproduction of Mesophyllum Erubescens (Foslie) Me

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Morphology and Reproduction of Mesophyllum Erubescens (Foslie) Me Revista Brasil. Bot., V.34, n.1, p.125-134, jan.-mar. 2011 Morphology and reproduction of Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me. Lemoine (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Southern Brazil PAULO ANTUNES HORTA1,5, FERNANDO SCHERNER2, ZENILDA L. BOUZON2, RAFAEL RIOSMENA-RODRIGUES3 and EURICO C. OLIVEIRA4 (received: July 04, 2007; accepted: February 23, 2011) ABSTRACT – (Morphology and reproduction of Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me. Lemoine (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Southern Brazil). The genus Mesophyllum Me. Lemoine includes around 147 species, of which only three have been referred to the Brazilian coast. Mesophyllum erubescens was originally described from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil (type locality). Here we present the first detailed description of M. erubescens based on Brazilian material. Samplings were made through scuba diving at the Biological Marine Reserve of Arvoredo Island, Santa Catarina. The relations of M. erubescens with other similar species, especially from the American Atlantic studied by W.R. Taylor are discussed. Key-words - Arvoredo Island, mäerl, rhodolith bed, seaweed taxonomy RESUMO – (Morfologia e reprodução de Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me. Lemoine (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) do Sul do Brasil). O gênero Mesophyllum Me. Lemoine compreende cerca de 147 espécies, das quais apenas três são referidas para a costa brasileira. Mesophyllum erubescens foi originalmente descrita para o Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil (localidade tipo). Neste trabalho é apresentada a primeira descrição detalhada de M. erubescens baseada em material brasileiro. As amostragens foram realizadas através de mergulho autônomo na Reserva Biológica Marinha do Arvoredo, Santa Catarina. As relações de M. erubescens com outras espécies semelhantes são discutidas, sendo especialmente consideradas espécies do Atlântico Americano estudadas por W.R. Taylor. Palavras-chave - banco de rodolitos, Ilha do Arvoredo, mäerl, taxonomia de macroalgas Introduction similar Melobesioideae by the presence of a coaxial hypothallium, unbranched spermatangial structure and Of the 23 infrageneric taxa of nongeniculate corallines the dumbbell-shaped carposporangial chambers. referred to Brazil, eight species belong to the subfamily Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me. Lemoine was Melobesioideae, distributed in four genera: Lithothamnion first reported by Dickie (1874) to Fernando de Noronha Heydrich, Melobesia Lamouroux, Mesophyllum Lemoine Archipelago as Lithothamnion mamillare Harvey, which and Phymatolithon Foslie (Horta 2002, Tâmega & also appeared in the lists of Brazilian algae published Figueiredo 2005). Although Mesophyllum taxonomy by Hemsley (1885) and Murray (1893). Oliveira Filho has been dealt with by several authors (Woelkerling (1974), examining Dickie’s material deposited at the & Harvey 1992, Keats & Maneveldt 1997, Cabioch British Museum (Natural History), refers to this species & Mendoza 1998, Chamberlain 2000, Ringeltaube & as Goniolithon mamillare (Harvey) Foslie, based on the Harvey 2000, Harvey et al. 2003, Athanasiadis et al. synonymy proposed by Taylor (1960), while Oliveira 2004, Kim et al. 2004), there are few detailed accounts Filho (1977) refers to it as Neogoniolithon mamillare of this genus for the western Atlantic and most of them (Harvey) Foslie. Foslie (1900) classified this species as do not include data on reproductive structures (Taylor Lithothamnion erubescens Foslie f. americana Foslie, 1960, Littler & Littler 2000). According to Athanasiadis which in accordance to Woelkerling (1993) is superfluous et al. (2004) this genus can be distinguished from other for L. erubescens Foslie f. erubescens. M. Lemoine (1928) considered this material as part of the new genus Mesophyllum, which was accepted by Adey (1970) and 1. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Botânica, Caixa Postal 476, 88010-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Woelkerling (1988). This species was recently referred 2. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Biologia, to Brazil by Figueiredo & Steneck (2002), Pereira et al. Caixa Postal 476, 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. 3. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Departamento de Biologia (2002), Villaça et al. (2006) and Nunes et al. (2008). Marina, Programa de Investigación en Botánica Marina. Apartado Here we provide a detailed description of M. postal 19-B, km 5.5. Carretera al sur. La Paz B.C.S. 23080, Mexico. erubescens based on specimens collected for the first 4. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. time in southern Brazil, belonging to a warm temperate 5. Corresponding author: [email protected]. province (Horta et al. 2001) and located at more than 126 P. A. Horta et al.: Morphology and reproduction of Mesophyllum erubescens 4,000 km south from its type locality. Additionally, we Herbarium (United States: FLORIDA: Keywest, Monroe, compare our specimens with other similar taxa described VIII-1939, (MICH 18340) and BERMUDA, Farlow, without to the Atlantic Ocean by Taylor (1960) and kept at the collector, V-1901, (MICH – without number)) were chosen Michigan Herbarium. Due to the importance of the due to the similar morphology, presence of protuberance referred work to the western Atlantic, these analysis with 1-2 mm in diameter. Techniques for scanning electron microscopy followed Chamberlain (1993). are necessary to verify whether the Taylor identifications can be sustained according to the most recent diagnostic characteristics and nomenclature (Athanasiadis et al. Results 2004, Broom et al. 2008). Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me. Lemoine 1928:252. Basyonym: Lithothamnion erubescens Foslie 1900:9-10, Material and methods Taylor (1960). Cited as Lithothamnion mamillare Harvey, Dickie (1874), Collections were made at the Arvoredo Island, Santa Hemsley (1885), Murray (1893); Goniolithon mamillare Catarina state (27°17,50’ S, 48°22,00’ W) with scuba diving. (Harvey) Foslie sensu Oliveira Filho (1974); Neogoniolithon For optical microscopy decalcification was made with 45% mamillare (Harvey) Foslie sensu Oliveira Filho (1977); acetic acid for 5-24 hours, followed by dehydration with Lithothamnion incertum Foslie sensu Foslie (1904), Taylor ethanolic series, infiltration and inclusion in “Historesin (1960). embedding Kit” Leica, Reichert-Jung, according to the instructions supplied by the manufacturer. Sectioning (3- Mesophyllum erubescens from Santa Catarina – Habitat and 15 µm thick) was made with a Leica microtome (model gross morphology: this species is common and sometimes 2040), stained with acidified aqueous toluidine blue (Moura abundant in the studied area, forming a rhodolith bed in et al. 1997). The studied specimens were deposited at the association with species of Lithophyllum and Lithothamnion Phycological Herbarium of the Federal University of Santa from 7 to 16 meters depth. Thallus violet brown, unattached, Catarina (FLOR). (BRASIL: Santa Catarina: Arvoredo Island, ranging from individual to globoid branched masses, up to P. Horta, 23-VI-2001, 10-I-2002, 07-VI-2002 (FLOR 14337, 18 cm in diameter; protuberances often branched, initially 14508, 14509)). The additional material analyzed from the cylindrical to slightly flattened, 1-3 mm in diameter and Taylor’s collections was deposited at University of Michigan 2-7 mm long, with frequent fusions (figures 1-3). 1 2 3 4 5 Figures 1-5. General aspects of Mesophyllum studied species: 1-3. Mesophyllum erubescens from Arvoredo Island. 2. and 3. Different aspects of protuberances (FLOR 14337 and 14508, respectively). 4. MICH 18340, as Lithothamnium erubescens from Taylor’s Herbarium, from Florida. 5. MICH s.n., as Lithotyhamnion incertum from Bermuda. Bar = 0.75 cm (2); 1 cm (3). Revista Brasil. Bot., V.34, n.1, p.125-134, jan.-mar. 2011 127 Anatomy: crustose structure monomerous with Epithallial cells single, rounded to oval, 2-4 µm long cells of hipothallial filaments strongly coaxial, and 4-9 µm in diameter; isolated trichocytes present; 14-21 µm long and 5-8 µm in diameter; cells of sloughing of epithallial cells frequent. Epithallial cells perithallial filaments 9-15 µm long and 4-7 µm in “Phymatolithon-type” in SEM view (sensu Keats & diameter. Protuberances with medullary cylindrical Chamberlain 1994). Adjacent filaments joined by cells 11-20 µm long and 3-6 µm in diameter; cortical cell fusions. Secondary pit connection not observed cylindrical cells 14-21 µm long and 5-8 µm in diameter. (figures 6-8). Subepithallial initial cells markedly longer than the Reproduction: tetrasporangial conceptacle subtending ones, 8-15 µm long and 3-6 µm in diameter. multiporate, protruding but flattened at the roof, without 6 7 8 9 10 11 14 12 13 Figures 6-14. Optical and SEM micrographs of Mesophyllum erubescens from Arvoredo Island (FLOR 14509). 6. Epithallial cells in surface view (Bar = 10 µm). 7. Trichocytes in surface view (arrow) (Bar = 5 µm). 8. Transversal section of the thallus margin showing coaxial hypothallium (H) (Bar = 60 µm). 9. Transversal section of a protuberance showing buried conceptacles (Bar = 300 µm). 10. Tetrasporangial conceptacles in surface view, showing pores (arrow) (Bar = 100 µm). 11. Tetrasporangial pore detail (arrow) (Bar = 10 µm). 12. Conventional light microscopy of tetrasporangial conceptacles with zonate tetrasporangia in transversal section (Bar = 50 µm). 13. SEM view of tetrasporangial conceptacles in transversal section, showing pores (arrow) (Bar =
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