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The Finnish Townhouse As a Home. Starting Points and Interpretations. the Finnish Townhouse As a Home

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The Finnish Townhouse As a Home. Starting Points and Interpretations. the Finnish Townhouse As a Home The Finnish townhouse as a home. Starting points and interpretations. Habitat Components – Townhouse. Final report. The Finnish townhouse as a home. Starting points and interpretations. 1 The Finnish townhouse as a home. Starting points and interpretations. Habitat Components – Townhouse. Final report. Aalto University publication series CROSSOVER 8/2017 Publication Aalto University, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Architecture architecture.aalto.f ISBN 978-952-60-7123-7 (printed) ISBN 978-952-60-7122-0 (pdf) ISSN-L 1799-4977 ISSN 1799-4977 (printed) ISSN 1799-4985 (pdf) Research project director Hannu Huttunen Authors Hannu Huttunen, Emma Blomqvist, Emilia Ellilä, Eija Hasu, Elli Perämäki, Anne Tervo, Ira Verma, Tina Ullrich, Jaakko Utriainen Layout and graphic design Caroline Moinel © 2016 Researchers and Aalto University, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Architecture. All rights reserved. Printing house Picascript Printing place Helsinki Table of contents 1. Introduction 4 1.1 General 5 1.2 What townhouse? 7 1.3 Background of townhouse typology and its suitability in Finland 9 2. Townhouse: European history – Finnish future? 10 2.1 The Netherlands 11 2.2 Germany 16 2.3 Great-Britain 22 3. Housing expectations and preferences 28 3.1 Social sustainability as a starting point? 29 3.2 Housing images and research in Finland 32 3.3 Concepts create and mould views 33 3.4 Demographic trends and design challenges of urban livings 34 4. Finnish dream home and dream environment 38 4.1 Research materials and methods 39 4.2 Results 42 5. Townhouse concept 54 5.1 Finnish townhouse type models 55 5.2 Ingredients of a townhouse block 60 5.3 Usability and accessibility as part of the townhouse concept 70 5.4 Possibilities of the yard 71 5.5 Sense of community in townhouse living 72 5.6 Service environment 74 5.7 Conclusions 79 6. Conclusions 80 References 84 Literature 84 Other sources 89 Picture sources 90 / 01 Introduction Hannu Huttunen 1.1 General Habitat Components – Townhouse study, now available as in the context of Finnish housing and urban construction: a fnal report, started in Finland in 2013 with the general Is there a demand for dense, small-scale urban housing interest in small-scale, dense urban structure and image and the townhouse typology? What types of preferences or created by the new townhouse typology . Discussions on its expectations might the residents of the Helsinki metropol- potential to enrich the urban environment have primarily itan area have regarding the typology? Another goal of the occurred in the Helsinki metropolitan area since the 1990s, study is to ascertain how a dense typology meets the needs but it has also been discussed more actively during the last created by sustainable urban design, energy-efciency or decade, when it was included in the land use planning of new carbon neutrality. These needs will have to be met in prac- residential areas. The observation that led to conducting the tice in the coming decade. In addition, the themes of the study was that land use plans of diferent stages in Helsinki study have also included questions on the suitability of resi- and the completed city plans included a sizeable amount of dential housing, feasibility of implementation, and aford- urban detached housing when examining building permits. ability, which is a current housing policy issue, especially Particularly the suburban area of Östersundom – at least in the Helsinki metropolitan area. It may also be vital for when the study was being launched – was largely based on the realisation of small-scale urban structure. the urban detached housing concept. The multidisciplinary study conducted by the Aalto The notion of the “second wave” of the urban townhouse University Departments of Civil and Structural Engineering, and enriching Finnish housing typology was seen as a val- Mechanical Engineering, Architecture, Electrical uable goal. However, it also introduced the question on Engineering, and Automation and Systems Technology how much and to what extent the suitability of townhouse has been structurally divided into four work packages (WP1- typology to Finnish housing culture and construction had WP4). Put in simple terms, the themes are divided into: 1) been researched. Early experiments of the typology do demand and appeal of the townhouse typology; 2) Finnish exist, however, such as the dense detached housing area concept of the townhouse typology; 3) the energy efcient built in Säterimetsä, Espoo in the 1990s, the Vuorenjuuri townhouse; and 4) afordable townhouses. The frst two townhouse blocks in Malminkartano, Helsinki, and the aim to address the perspectives of social sustainability. artisan district of Pikku-Huopalahti, from which experi- The second and, in particular, the third theme are strongly ential data was obtained (e.g. Hasu 2010; Fogelholm 2003). associated with ecological sustainability, optimising energy During the current decade, new city blocks of townhouse consumption and carbon balance. The last, which is to be rows were being erected in new residential areas, such as continued through the pilot block project over the next few Alppikylä, Ormuspelto, and the inner city-like and dense years, aims to answer the question as to whether townhouse Kalasatama. In addition, a design competition involving buildings and small-scale residential areas can be imple- both Kruununvuorenranta and Jätkäsaari had been organ- mented cost-efectively and at afordable prices. The goal ised for new city blocks of small-scale urban housing. The of the research as a whole is to gain a comprehensive under- discouraging experiences from some of the implementation standing of the typology’s possibilities to supplement the processes cast a negative light on the housing typology, thus selection of Finnish urban living. afecting its reputation. More comprehensive experiences, interest and preferences of potential residents, and many Due to its scope, the fnal report of the townhouse study has questions associated with the implementation remained been divided into three diferent publications. The focus of unanswered, and there was no systematic and sufciently this report is on the frst work package of the study, Habitat comprehensive study available. Components – Townhouse: Finnish Dream Home, but also, in part, on the second work package, which involves devel- Therefore, interest in the new small-scale urban design opment of the townhouse typology concept. In addition, and introducing new forms of housing and typologies to the analysis of the results includes themes and results from Finnish residential construction provided the impetus to the Envi survey of the third work package, Energy Efcient launch a comprehensive study on the Finnish townhouse Townhouse. typology at the Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture. The goal, however, is not to introduce a new The central question of the Dream Home study is that is housing typology to Finland or promote the return of urban there a demand for dense townhouse typology living in the detached housing. Instead, the study aims to answer ques- Helsinki metropolitan area and what types of people and tions on the social sustainability of the new housing typology households may be interested in it and what preferences and 5 Chapter 1 PICTURE HERE Figure 1. Student work from Aalto University Townhouse studio, spring 2013. needs would they have regarding this typology. At the same The Habitat Components – Townhouse study is a joint time , the relationship of townhouse living with private and project by the City of Helsinki and Aalto University in the public was studied based on the results of the preference Innovative City programme, funded by the Innovation Fund. survey, in addition to analysing the structural and dimen- The study has been conducted in co-operation with the City sional concepts of the townhouse block and preparing dia- of Helsinki. In addition to the City Planning Department and grams illustrating townhouse concepts. In addition, the study Executive Ofce of the City of Helsinki, the project has been has examined the features of the cost efective townhouse supported by the Housing Finance and Development Centre typology, which have been partially applied as the founda- of Finland (ARA). We ofer our gratitude for the project to tion of the diagrams describing townhouse block level. The funders, the Steering Group of the project, and all individ- initial chapters of this publication are the analyses of the uals that participated in the project during diferent phases development histories and current environments of the by providing their knowledge contribution. townhouse typologies in three European countries central for the typology, Netherlands, Germany and Great Britain. On a broader scale, the results are hoped to increase knowl- edge on how diferent types of interesting foreign types The other sections of the fnal report series, to be published of residence can be refned into a part of Finnish housing later, discuss the opportunities of the townhouse typology options. and the urban design it produces from the perspective of energy efciency and ecological sustainability (second pub- lication) and present the prepared concept designs and applications to diferent types of urban contexts (third publication). 6 1.2 What townhouse? The typology has a long-standing tradition in the The Habitat Components – Townhouse study has partially Netherlands, Germany and Great Britain and it has expe- sidestepped the features of the townhouse typology in rela- rienced a second wave of interest in the Netherlands and tion to cityscape and focused on the physical features that Germany over the past few decades. Here in Finland, great afect the forms of living ofered by the typology, its indi- interest has been expressed in the typology, especially among viduality, privacy or communality, and relationship with city planners. The typology has been referred to with many urban design – what type of social community can the dense names, and it has also been subject to numerous diferent townhouse typology potentially create? interpretations and variations.
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