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The Long Journey for Civil Rights Enforcing Racial Segregation in the Southern United States

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The Long Journey for Civil Rights Enforcing Racial Segregation in the Southern United States Week 19 of 32 • Page 4 WEEK 19 ACROSS Civil Rights Name _______________________ 2. Brown v. Board of __________ was a Supreme Vol. 1 Issue 3 Court decision that ended segregation in schools. Movement 4. Thurgood __________ was a lawyer that helped argue the Brown case in the Supreme Court. 5. separation of people based on race or color 7. __________ Nash helped coordinate the Freedom Rides. 8. The __________ on Washington was a key nonviolent protest conducted by Martin Luther King Jr. DOWN 1. __________ School trained leaders in nonviolent methods to end segregation and racism. 3. Rosa ______ was arrested for sitting in the wrong area of a public bus. 4. _________ Luther King Jr. was a leader of the Civil Rights Movement and led nonviolent s-w.co/TN5-19 protests. 6. ________ happened in departments stores in Nashville. 9. Jim __________ laws were state and local laws Field Trip: The Long Journey for Civil Rights enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Alana and Jackson travel to the Green McAdoo Cultural Center. Ms. Americans were mistreated and hurt. Even though they could have been Johnson wants them to learn about Tennessee’s involvement in the Civil arrested or worse, those students stood up for what they believed in,” Rights Movement. At the center, the focus is on the landmark legal case Jackson added. of Brown v. Board of Education. The center provides background on how “Well, sat for what they believed in,” Alana confi rmed. it all began with the segregated students at Green McAdoo and Clinton Now, Alana wanted to learn more about the Nashville freedom riders High School. Thanks to Thurgood Marshall, Clinton High School students and one of their founders, Diane Nash. were able to go to a public school no longer separated by race. “Jackson, we have some time before the next session to look around. I The Cause for the Cause Several seasonal exhibits showcase key actions taken by Tennesseans want to try to fi nd some artifacts of the Freedom Riders.” and other civil rights activists. Jackson was interested to learn how the “Sure Alana, let’s look around.” Tent City movement started and the Nashville sit-ins happened. Alana stopped short at a glass display encasing a typed letter. For each effect that is written, write the event that caused it to happen. In class, Ms. Johnson explained that the Tent City movement took “Look Jackson! Diane Nash wrote a letter to President John F. place in Fayette County. Between 1959 and 1970, this movement Kennedy himself!” Cause: Cause: Cause: sought to helped secure African Americans right to vote. While the 15th “Wow, awesome!” Amendment was passed after the Civil War, many were still denied their “Jackson?” ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ right to vote. When they tried to register to vote, many African Americans “Yes, Alana?” were evicted from their homes. Hundreds of African Americans were “Do you want to ask her whether ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ displaced and were forced to live in “Tent Cities.” They were also refused she was scared?” services such as being able to buy milk, eggs, fuel or receive medical Jackson smiled knowingly and care. hovered his hand over the letter. ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ The Nashville sit-ins were a response to racial segregation at lunch counters. What amazed Jackson and Alana the most was when Ms. ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Johnson told them that students often led these movements! “Do you think they were scared?” Jackson asked Alana. ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ “I can only guess that they Photo courtesty Fred Blackwell would be, Jackson. Imagine trying What do you ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ to prove a point to a bunch of suppose the people that your way is not only people sitting in at the counter ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ the right way but the human way,” Alana said. were thinking and “And they knew that African feeling when this ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ photo was taken? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Effect: Hundreds of African Effect: Supreme Court ruled Effect: Led directly to the passage Americans were displaced and were that bus segregation was of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. forced to live in “tent cities.” unconstitutional. Sitting for a Cause In February 1960, over 120 students erupted. Crowds of white youth taunted the marchers on the front steps of City Hall. conducted “sit-ins” at four different and harassed the peaceful students, pulling Student leader Diane Nash asked the mayor department stores in Nashville. The them from their chairs and beating them. if he believed it was wrong to discriminate 1. How did the Civil War prevent African protesters were polite, calm and respectful, The police rushed in, and the white youths against someone based on the color of his Who Americans from getting equal rights? but they were still refused service. They fl ed. The protesters were ordered to leave or her skin. He said it was wrong. Then she were some stayed in their seats for two hours and then but politely refused, so they were arrested. asked if the city’s lunch counters should 2. What were some examples of key individuals from the Civil Rights left without incident. This inspired the The next two months witnessed more be desegregated, and he said, “Yes.” The segregation during this period? Movement? What steps did they African American community to boycott sit-ins, more attacks and more arrests. The Mayor’s comments were reported and it 3. What steps did African Americans take to seek equal rights? these businesses until segregation ended. whole time, students lived by their code impacted both protesters and businesses. take to help push against segregation 4. Why do you think African Americans chose nonviolent A few days later, 200 students went back of nonviolence. A month later, Nashville became the and move toward equal rights for all protests to speak their message? to the stores, but the lunch counters were In April 1960, the home of the fi rst large Southern city to desegregate African Americans? closed. Around 350 students participated protesters’ lead lawyer, Alexander Looby, its public facilities. Tennessee has played in the third sit-in. When the students was bombed. Over 3,000 people silently a proud part in the history of the Civil Alexander Looby came back for the fourth sit-in, violence marched to City Hall. Mayor Ben West met Rights Movement! Week 19 of 32 • Page 3 see nnes their race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Te Martin Luther King Jr., was a great American civil rights leader. Rosa Parks and the Martin Luther King Jr.: Civil rights are the rights of all people to be treated fairly, no matter what their age, race, sex or religion. He said that the U.S. would only be Montgomery Bus a true democracy if it stopped taking away human rights from African The Dream of the Civil Americans. He dreamed that one day that all people could work together in harmony to make the world a greater place to live. Martin Luther Boycott Rights Movement King Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech on August 28, 1963 to a huge group of people who had gathered on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial Rosa Lee Parks was After Alana and Jackson learned that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the primary forces behind the Civil Rights during the March on Washington. He wanted to change the way African born in 1913 in Tuskegee, Movement, they went to the library to learn more. They found several articles and resources about how much impact he had. Americans were treated in this country. These are some quotes from this Alabama. As a young important speech: woman, she attended Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister. He used peaceful protest not continue. In time, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered Montgomery to “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the Alabama State Teachers to share his beliefs and wishes to better the lives of African Americans. end segregation in its bus system. Martin Luther King Jr.’s work had true meaning of its creed—we hold these truths to be self-evident that all College. After holding He lived in a world with segregation, Jim Crow laws and unequal just begun. men are created equal. … I have a dream that my four little children will many different jobs, she treatment of African Americans. He saw it fi rsthand, having attended a Another protest he led was the March on Washington in 1963. one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of became the secretary of segregated public school. Injustices were happening all across the country. Between 200,000 to their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!
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