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Violence Towards Sayuri in Arthur Golden's Memoirs of a Geisha

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Violence Towards Sayuri in Arthur Golden's Memoirs of a Geisha VIOLENCE TOWARDS SAYURI IN ARTHUR GOLDEN’S MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA: A SOCIALIST FEMINISM APPROACH Nurlita Puspa Hani Ichwan Suyudi Hawasi Gunadarma University Gunadarma University Gunadarma University jl. Margonda Raya 100 jl. Margonda Raya 100 jl. Margonda Raya 100 D e p o k , 16424 D e p o k, 16424 D e p o k , 16424 [email protected] ABSTRACT Violence, an assault on a person’s control over her/his body and life, can take many forms and has varying consequences depending on the type of assault, its context and interpretation, the chronicity of violence, and availability of support. Feminist theory is becoming the dominant model for explaining violence towards women. The problems of this study are; what kinds of violence that happened towards Sayuri and what the reasons of violence that happened towards Sayuri from Socialist Feminism point of view are. The aims of this study are; to find out the kinds of violence that happened towards Sayuri and to find out the reasons of violence that happened towards Sayuri from Socialist Feminism point of view. This study used qualitative descriptive method in analyzing the data. Qualitative descriptive studies is a comprehensive summarization, in everyday terms, of specific events experienced by individuals of groups of individuals. After analyzing the data it can be concluded that Sayuri experienced four kinds of violence; physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, and economic violence and the reasons of violence that happened towards Sayuri from Socialist Feminism point of view are because of the difference of social class and economic status. Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Code Mixing, Types of Code Mixing, Alternation, Insertion, Congruent Lexicalization, The Reason of Using Code Mixing. Through this novel which told 1. INTRODUCTION about a memoirs of a geisha itself, the 1.1 Background of the Study writer chooses “Violence Towards Sayuri Violence against women has continued and in Arthur Golden’s Memoirs of a Geisha: throughout history unreported and A Socialist Feminism Approach” as her unchallenged. Of all the violations of study because the writer wants to learn human rights, violence against women is more about violence against women and to the most common despite the violence show to the reader the kinds of violence against men. Women are commonly seen as towards Sayuri and to find out the an object or property rather than as a reasons of violence that happened to human being because some believed that Sayuri from Socialist Feminism point of women are born to only bear children and view. as an object to satisfy man, women also 1.2 Problems of the Study expected to be soft, obedient and loving at the same time. a) What kinds of violence that happened towards Sayuri? Violence, an assault on a person’s control over her/his body and life, can b) What are the reasons of violence that take many forms and has varying happened towards Sayuri from consequences depending on the type of Socialist Feminism point of view? assault, its context and interpretation, 1.3 Objectives of the Study the chronicity of violence, and a) To find out the kinds of violence availability of support. (Susan & Janet, that happened towards Sayuri. 2009). 10 Hani, Suyudi, Hawasi, Violence Towards ... b) To find out the reasons of violence theory for her research. This study that happened towards Sayuri from refers to examine about subordination Socialist Feminism point of view. that happened to Japanese women in the growth of high economic era because of 1.4 Scope of the Study the social condition which occurred in This study is limited by finding out the that era. The purpose of her study from kinds of violence that happened to the Socialist Feminism theory is to describe main character in the novel Memoirs of a and analyze it through women as a Geisha by Arthur Golden and to find out subordinated object. Moreover, she used the reasons of violence that happened Socialist Feminism by Iris Young, used towards Sayuri from Socialist Feminism ‘a work which differentiated by gender’. point of view. Socialist Feminism by Iris Young is about oppression of women from 1.5 Significance of the Study capitalist patriarchy which is gender This study contributes about kinds of biased. In her study, she also examine violence and Socialist Feminism point of social status or a condition that made a view to find out the reasons of violence subordination of Japanese women and also that happened towards the main character as a capitalist society and patriarchy in Memoirs of a Geisha. The writer hopes point of view in that era. that this study will be useful for people who are searching and learning about violence and Socialist Feminism 1.7 Position of the Study theory. This study also provides This study is similar to the previous knowledge and information about the study by Mentari Andriani, she used her writer’s research topic. research topic about domestic violence from Feminism perspective. The difference with this study is that this 1.6 Previous Study study is using violence as its topic and find out the kinds of violence that 1.6.1 Mentari Andriani (2014) happened in the main character in Mentari Andriani study entitled Memoirs of a Geisha. This study also “Domestic Violence As Experienced by uses Socialist Feminism as its theory to Katie in Nicholas Sparks Safe Haven: A find out the reasons of violence towards Feminism Study”. Mentari Andriani is the main character in Arthur Golden’s from Faculty of Letters, Gunadarma Memoirs of a Geisha, which is similar to University and she submitted her study the previous study by Retno Savitri, she in 2014. Mentari Andriani used Feminism used Socialist Feminism as the theory of Perspective for her research about her study. domestic violence in the character of This study provides only to find the novel she researched. The aims of out the kinds of violence that happened her study are to describe what kinds of towards Sayuri in Arthur Golden’s domestic violence that happened to Katie Memoirs of a Geisha and to find out the and to describe the reason of domestic reasons of violence towards Sayuri from violence that happened to Katie in Socialist Feminism point of view. Feminism Perspective. Katie got domestic violence, such as, physical violence, emotional violence and psychology 2. LITERATURE REVIEW violence. From the reasons of domestic 2.1 Literature and Feminism violence that happened to Katie in The first of the recent works on female Feminism Perspective can be associated stereotypes in literature cannot with one of the Marxist theory of actually be classified as feminist Feminism. criticism: Leslie Fiedler’s Love and Death in the American Novel, rev. Ed. 1.6.2 Retno Savitri (2006) (New York: Stein and Day, 1966), employs Retno Savitri study entitled a Jungian type of national character “Subordinasi Perempuan Jepang dalam analysis that is scarcely compatible Dunia Publik di Era Pertumbuhan Ekonomi with feminism. Fiedler’s own assumptions Tinggi Tahun 1960-1980-an: Di Analisis about female nature and his dengan Teori Feminis Sosialis-Iris interpretation of the few works by women Young". Retno Savitri is from Fakultas that he chooses to discuss call for a new feminist reading. Mary Ellmann’s Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, University of Thinking about Women Indonesia, she submitted her study in (New York: 2006. She used Socialist Feminism as her Harcourt, Brace and World, 1968) moves Jurnal Ilmiah Sastra Volume 4. No. 1, Juni 2016 11 beyond Fiedler’s two types, finding an 2. Psychological violence is the form of intricate mythological pattern of violence that is more insidious. In stereotyping in the works of American this case, women are directly writers. According to Ellmann, the affected in their dignity. It attributes that literature commonly includes, blackmails, threats, false ascribes to women are formlessness, accusation, isolation from friend and passivity, instability (hysteria), family. All this is done in order to confinement (narrowness, practicality), manipulate and control the victim. piety, materiality, spirituality, 3. Sexual violence is the one nobody irrationality, compliancy, and talks about, but which is often incorrigibility (the shrew, the witch). devastating. It includes all actions Feminist criticism can now go on—to deal performed by resorting to force with the reasons behind this without the consent of the person. proliferation of female stereotypes and For example, there are may be the lack of realistic women characters; unwanted touching, harassment, to discuss the political uses of derogatory slurs, the infliction of literary stereotypes; and to describe pain and refusal to protect their effects on individual female themselves against family transmitted consciousness. (Donovan, 1975:3) disease. 2.2 Violence 4. Economic violence is the least known, but it must still be taken seriously. Violence is probably the most obvious and visible form of oppression. Members This form of violence can be defined of some groups live with the knowledge by the total control of the finance that they must fear random, unprovoked of the family’s aggressor. He attacks on their persons or property. monitors how women spend their money. These attacks do not necessarily need a He decides where money should be motive but are intended to damage, spent or saved. He forces her to give humiliate, or destroy the person. her earnings and may even stop her (Young, 2004) The literature on from working. All this leads the woman to be dependent on her spouses. anthropology has often seen violence as a necessary and foundational 5. Spiritual violence is not negligible. precondition for the social bond, which The aggressor can prevent the woman takes us a long way from the ideas we to go to the church, he can denigrate have discussed thus far.
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