Helsinki University of Technology Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Doctoral Dissertation Series 2010/7 Espoo 2010

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more

Helsinki University of Technology Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Doctoral Dissertation Series 2010/7 Espoo 2010 THE PROCESS OF ORGANISATIONAL ADAPTATION THROUGH INNOVATIONS, AND ORGANISATIONAL ADAPTABILITY Tommi Tikka Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology to be presented with due permission of the Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences, for public examination and debate in Auditorium TU1 at the Aalto University School of Science and Technology (Espoo, Finland) on the May 21, 2010, at 12 noon. Aalto University School of Science and Technology Department of Industrial Engineering and Management P.O. Box 15500 FIN•00076 AALTO FINLAND Tel.: +358 9 470 22846 Fax: +358 9 470 23665 Internet: http://www.tuta.tkk.fi/ © 2010 Tommi Tikka ISBN 978•952•60•3065•4 (print) ISBN 978•952•60•3066•1 (electronic) ISSN 1797•2507 (print) ISSN 1797•2515 (electronic) http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2010/isbn9789526030661 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission in writing from the publisher. Multiprint Oy Espoo 2010 ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI•00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Author Tommi Tikka Name of the dissertation The Process of Organisational Adaptation Through Innovations, and Organisational Adaptability Manuscript submitted April 7, 2009 Manuscript revised December 2, 2009 Date of the defence May 21, 2010 Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Faculty Information and Natural Sciences Department Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Field of research Organisational behaviour Opponent(s) Prof. John Parm Ulhøi, Aarhus University Prof. Anneli Leppänen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Supervisor Prof. Eila Järvenpää, Helsinki University of Technology Instructor Prof. Eila Järvenpää, Helsinki University of Technology Abstract This study is about the process of organisational adaptation and organisational adaptability. The study generates a theoretical framework about organisational adaptation behaviour and conditions that have influence on success of organisational adaptation. The research questions of the study are: How does an organisation adapt through innovations, and which conditions enhance or impede organisational adaptation through innovations? The data were gathered from five case organisations within one industrial service company. The study applied the case study approach and grounded theory as research methodologies. Primary data were acquired through group and individual interviews. The themes of the interviews were constructed on the basis of outcomes of a pilot study. Other data sources included participant observations, direct observations, discussions, and documents of the organisations. The theoretical domain covered by the study includes resource dependence theory, contingency theories, evolutionary theories of change, and theories of organisational adaptation, organisational innovation, organisational learning, and organisational creativity. The study suggests that organisational adaptation behaviour can be conceptualised as a circular phase model consisting of phases of triggering, search, implementation, change, and retention. The triggering phase has sub•phases of scanning, performance monitoring, innovation institutionalisation, and coping. The study suggests that organisational adaptation can take place at multiple levels in the organisational hierarchy and it can be carried out through balanced or unbalanced adaptations. The study recognised 20 categories of conditions that can enhance or impede organisational adaptation through innovations. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of organisational adaptation behaviour and adaptability and they offer a conceptual framework through which phenomena can be studied further. The results can be utilised in development of organisational adaptability in business organisations. Keywords organisational adaptation, organisational adaptability, organisational innovation, organisational learning, organisational memory ISBN (printed) 978•952•60•3065•4 ISSN (printed) 1797•2507 ISBN (pdf) 978•952•60•3066•1 ISSN (pdf) 1797•2515 Language English Number of pages 294 p. + app. 2 p. Publisher Helsinki University of Technology Print distribution Department of Industrial Engineering and Management The dissertation can be read at http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2010/isbn9789526030661 VÄITÖSKIRJAN TIIVISTELMÄ AALTO•YLIOPISTO TEKNILLINEN KORKEAKOULU PL 11000, 00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Tekijä Tommi Tikka Väitöskirjan nimi The Process of Organisational Adaptation Through Innovations, and Organisational Adaptability (Organisaation adaptoitumisprosessi innovaatioiden kautta ja organisaation adaptoitumiskyky) Käsikirjoituksen päivämäärä 7.4.2009 Korjatun käsikirjoituksen päivämäärä 2.12.2009 Väitöstilaisuuden ajankohta 21.5.2010 Monografia Yhdistelmäväitöskirja (yhteenveto + erillisartikkelit) Tiedekunta Informaatio• ja luonnotieteiden tiedekunta Laitos Tuotantotalouden laitos Tutkimusala Organisaatiokäyttäytyminen Vastaväittäjä(t) Prof. John Parm Ulhøi, Aarhusin yliopisto Prof. Anneli Leppänen, Työterveyslaitos Työn valvoja Prof. Eila Järvenpää, Teknillinen korkeakoulu Työn ohjaaja Prof . Eila Järvenpää, Teknillinen korkeakoulu Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen kohteena on prosessi, jossa organisaatio adaptoituu innovaatioiden avulla sekä organisaation adaptoitumiskyky. Tutkimuksessa luodaan teoreettinen viitekehys organisaation adaptoitumiskäyttäytymisestä ja olosuhteista, jotka vaikuttavat adaptoitumisen onnistumiseen. Tutkimus pyrkii vastaamaan kysymyksiin: ”Miten organisaatio adaptoituu innovaatioiden kautta ja mitkä tekijät edistävät tai ehkäisevät organisaation adaptoitumista innovaatioiden kautta?” Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin teollisen palveluyrityksen viidestä eri organisaatiosta. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytettiin tapaustutkimusta ja ankkuroidun teorian menetelmää. Primäärinen tutkimusaineisto hankittiin ryhmä• ja yksilöhaastatteluilla. Haastatteluiden teemat luotiin esitutkimuksen kautta. Muina tiedonkeruumenetelminä käytettiin osallistuvaa havainnointia, suoraa havainnointia, keskusteluita ja organisaatioiden dokumentteja. Tutkimukseen liittyviä teorioita ovat resurssiriippuvuusteoria, kontingenssiteoria, muutoksen evoluutioteoriat ja teoriat liittyen organisaation adaptoitumiseen, organisaation innovointiin, organisaation oppimiseen ja organisaation luovuuteen. Tutkimuksen perusteella organisaation adaptoitumiskäyttäytyminen voidaan esittää kehämäisenä vaihemallina, jossa vaiheina ovat käynnistäminen, etsintä, täytäntöönpano, muutos ja säilyttäminen. Käynnistämisvaihe sisältää osavaiheet skannaus, suorituskyvyn seuranta, innovoinnin institutionalisointi ja coping. Organisaation adaptoituminen voi tapahtua usealla organisaatiohierakian tasolla. Adaptoituminen voi toteutua tasapainoisten tai epätasapainoisten adaptaatioiden kautta. Tutkimus kuvaa organisaation adaptoitumisprosessin vaiheiden ominaisuuksia ja tunnistaa 20 luokkaa olosuhteille, jotka edistävät tai ehkäisevät organisaation adaptoitumista innovaatioiden kautta. Tutkimuksen tulokset lisäävät tietämystä organisaation adaptoitumiskäyttäytymisestä ja adaptoitumiskyvystä ja ne tarjoavat teoreettisen viitekehyksen, jonka avulla näitä ilmiöitä voidaan tutkia edelleen. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää organisaation adaptoitumiskyvyn kehittämisessä yritysorganisaatioissa. Asiasanat organisaation adaptoituminen, organisaation adaptoitumiskyky, organisaation innovointi, organisaation oppiminen, organisaation muisti. ISBN (painettu) 978•952•60•3065•4 ISSN (painettu) 1797•2507 ISBN (pdf) 978•952•60•3066•1 ISSN (pdf) 1797•2515 Kieli englanti Sivumäärä 294 s. + liit. 2 s. Julkaisija Teknillinen korkeakoulu Painetun väitöskirjan jakelu Tuotantotalouden laitos Luettavissa verkossa osoitteessa http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2010/isbn9789526030661 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When there was only a faint idea of what this research would be about, there were two persons who encouraged me to advance even though I was not yet able to tell them exactly what I was going to do. First and foremost I would like to thank executive Pertti Aalto for steady support during my career and encouragement to start this research and my supervisor Professor Eila Järvenpää at Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) for long•lasting, patient and motivating support during the research process. The initial phases of this research were carried out as part of a development project in the company studied. The project motivated research, provided it with economic resources, and offered access to data sources utilised in the research. I wish to thank the company’s management for allowing me the privilege to work for the company during the initial phases of the research. I am very thankful for the financial support I received from National Doctoral Program of Industrial Economics for carrying out later phases of the research. I wish to thank the doctoral program ExIMA at HUT for offering me an inspiring environment for carrying out studies required by doctoral examination. Carrying out this research would not have been possible without the active participation of the case organisations. I wish to thank all the case organisations and interviewees for their valuable contributions to this research. Finally, I wish to thank my loved one Marke for
Recommended publications
  • Aron Lindberg

    Aron Lindberg

    THE ORIGIN, EVOLUTION, AND VARIATION OF ROUTINE STRUCTURES IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: THREE MIXED COMPUTATIONAL-QUALITATIVE STUDIES by ARON LINDBERG Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Committee: Kalle Lyytinen, PhD, Case Western Reserve University (chair) Fred Collopy, PhD, Case Western Reserve University Richard Boland, PhD, Case Western Reserve University Jagdip Singh, PhD, Case Western Reserve University Youngjin Yoo, PhD, Temple University James Howison, PhD, University of Texas-Austin WEATHERHEAD SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF DESIGN & INNOVATION CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY August 2015 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Aron Lindberg candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree*. (signed) Kalle Lyytinen (chair of the committee) Richard Boland Fred Collopy Jagdip Singh Youngjin Yoo James Howison (date) May 19, 2015 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. Copyright © 2015 by Aron Lindberg All rights reserved Dedication Tove Jansson, in her book Moominpappa at Sea, wrote: ”But on an occasion like this we must wait for sunset. Setting out in the right way is just as important as the opening lines in a book: they determine everything.” He sat in the sand next to Moominmamma. “Look at the boat,” he said. “Look at The Adventure. A boat by night is a wonderful sight. This is the way to start a new life, with a hurricane lamp shining at the top of the mast, and the coastline disappearing behind one as the whole world lies sleeping. Making a journey by night is more wonderful than anything in the world.” This work is dedicated to my fiancée, Hope Lu, without whom I could never have launched the journey, which this dissertation is the start of.
  • How Do Organisational Members at Lamata

    How Do Organisational Members at Lamata

    ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING AT LAMATA A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY THESIS SUBMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (DBA) OLURINU JOSE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL FEBRUARY 2019 ABSTRACT Title of study: Organisational Learning at LAMATA – A qualitative case study of a transport agency in Lagos Nigeria. Background: LAMATA is a semi-autonomous public transport regulatory authority created by law by the Lagos State Government with financial and technical assistance from the World Bank and French Development Agency (AFD) to develop an integrated public transport system for a city of over 18 million residents. Organisational learning was a critical strategy to improve institutional capacity to resolve the intractable messy problem of public transportation in Lagos State. LAMATA over its years of existence has implemented several organisational learning strategies aimed at improving individual and organisational capacity to take effective action. Aims of the study: This case study explores organisational learning strategies and practices at LAMATA to uncover how learning occurs amongst organisational members to understand the behaviors, practices and systems that enable effective workplace learning. Furthermore, the case study also explores context specific organisational learning facilitators and barriers to effective learning. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative case study approach to gain insights into
  • Exploring IT Governance Effectiveness: Identifying Sources of Divergence Through the Adoption of a Behavioural-Based Organizational Routines Perspective

    Exploring IT Governance Effectiveness: Identifying Sources of Divergence Through the Adoption of a Behavioural-Based Organizational Routines Perspective

    Exploring IT Governance Effectiveness: Identifying Sources of Divergence through the Adoption of a Behavioural-Based Organizational Routines Perspective By Allen E. Brown B.A. University of Western Ontario M.B.A McMaster University A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Management Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2014/2015 Allen E. Brown ABSTRACT This research seeks to broaden and strengthen the holistic understanding of IT governance effectiveness by specifically examining why IT governance systems often fail to produce appropriate or desired IT and organizational behaviours. To address this objective, we investigate and develop a theoretical framework for understanding and explaining the varied sources of divergence that occur during the enactment of IT governance mechanisms. Defined as the difference between desired behaviours and actual behaviours, we argue that the acceptance and consideration of all sources of divergence within the enactment of IT governance mechanisms, is not only necessary, but critical to the appropriate design and maintenance of an effective IT governance system. Traditional IT governance perspectives, heavily rooted in the structural and normative aspects of oversight and control (i.e. structures), have limited our ability to adequately and fully understand how IT governance performs in practice. Framing IT governance mechanisms as routines, we draw on institutional theory and organizational routines theory as an alternative lens for understanding why organizational behaviours are not always aligned to those expected by IT governance owners. Based on Pentland and Feldman`s (2008) generative model of organizational routines, we establish a novel conceptualization for IT governance divergence that posits and delineates three primary sources of IT governance divergence: Representational Divergence, Translational Divergence and Performative Divergence.
  • Building Sustainable Contextual Ambidexterity Through Routines: a Case Study from Information Technology Firms

    Building Sustainable Contextual Ambidexterity Through Routines: a Case Study from Information Technology Firms

    sustainability Article Building Sustainable Contextual Ambidexterity through Routines: A Case Study from Information Technology Firms Maria Gil-Marques 1,* and Maria D. Moreno-Luzon 2 1 Department of Economics, Business Management and Marketing, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46003 Valencia, Spain 2 Department of Business Management, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 16 December 2020; Published: 19 December 2020 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explain the role that routines play in achieving sustainable organisational ambidexterity in information technology (IT) firms. Our exploratory analysis of four case studies reveals the key importance of routines in setting the context for sustainable ambidexterity. Companies build up contextual ambidexterity through routines derived from normalization of processes, normalization of skills, and normalization of results. The findings of the study show that routines support IT professionals to decide whether to exploit or explore in each particular case. Firstly, the enabling character of explicit routines as a result of the normalisation of work processes and the freedom that IT professionals have when implementing them, allows IT professionals to balance exploitation and exploration. Secondly, companies build up contextual ambidexterity through normalisation of skills. Hence, IT professionals develop embedded implicit routines as a result of training. Thirdly, the findings of the study reveal how routines are settled through the normalisation of results that orientates performance towards satisfying customer demands, as well as supporting professionals in their efforts to balance between exploitation and exploration which is necessary to achieve sustainable ambidexterity in IT firms.
  • Rules and Routines in Organizations and the Management of Safety Rules

    Rules and Routines in Organizations and the Management of Safety Rules

    Diss. ETH No. 20956 RULES AND ROUTINES IN ORGANIZATIONS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY RULES A dissertation submitted to ETH Zurich for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by JOHANN CHRISTOPH WEICHBRODT Dipl.-Psych., University of Göttingen born June 1, 1979 citizen of Germany accepted on recommendation of Prof. Dr. Gudela Grote (examiner) Prof. Dr. Georg von Krogh (co-examiner) 2013 II Danksagung Zuallererst gilt mein Dank meiner Betreuerin Gudela Grote, die mir durch viele fruchtbare Diskussionen geholfen hat mich durch das Thema hindurchzufinden und mir viel Freiraum zur Entwicklung meiner eigenen Ideen gelassen hat. Bedanken möchte ich mich auch bei meinem Zweitbetreuer Georg von Krogh für Feedback und Unterstützung. Besonderer Dank geht zudem an die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter der Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen, welche mir während meiner Besuche und besonders in den Interviews bereitwillig Auskunft gaben und mir einen Einblick in ihre Arbeitswelt ermöglichten. Insbesondere möchte ich Andreas Hönger danken für die Vermittlung der Kontakte und das Interesse am Projekt. Während meiner Zeit an der ETH hatte ich mit vielen weiteren Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern regen Austausch über meine Arbeit. Darüber hinaus hatten wir auch einfach eine fabelhafte Zeit miteinander. Dafür möchte ich mich bedanken bei: Boris Battistini, Julia Belting, Nadine Bienefeld, Matthias Briner, Sifra Corver, Wiebke Doden, Gian-Claudio Gentile, Marius Gerber, Martin Gubler, Hannes Günter, Mareike Haase, Jacqueline Hohermuth, Peter Jäger, Patrick Jiranek, Barbara Künzle, Max Neufeind, Olga Samuel, Sarah Seyr, Renato Sydler, Cécile Tschopp, Mona Weiss, Anette Wittekind und Patricia Wolf. Besonderer Dank geht dabei an Daniel Boos, Denniz Dönmez und Michaela Kolbe. In der Peer-Mentoring-Gruppe SOWAS konnten wir uns während Workshops, Schreibwochen und dem gelegentlichen Feierabendbier gegenseitig unterstützen – vielen Dank dafür an euch alle! Auch Familie und Freunde waren während der gesamten Zeit wichtig als Quelle der Inspiration und Unterstützung.
  • A Proposal to Investigate the Role of Interim Or Other Atypical

    A Proposal to Investigate the Role of Interim Or Other Atypical

    A proposal to investigate the role of interim or other atypical management in the transformation of lean organisations in response to market conditions. Document 1 Definition and Mapping of Research Questions In part fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Business School in pursuance of an award of the degree of Doctor of Business Administration Jeffrey Tyrrell 33 Pyotts Copse, Old Basing, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8WE 01256 811983, [email protected] Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2 Section 2: Organisational and management context ..................................................... 6 Section 3: Management problems and issues description. ............................................ 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 8 Context ....................................................................................................................... 8 Lean organisations ................................................................................................... 10 Atkinson’s concept of the flexible firm ..................................................................... 13 Atypical management ............................................................................................... 15 Section 4: Academic fields relevant to the proposal. ................................................... 16 Document 2 .............................................................................................................