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Archaeomysis Grebnitzkii Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Mysida a Mysid, Or Opossum Shrimp (Cserniavsky, 1882) Family: Mysidae

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Archaeomysis Grebnitzkii Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Mysida a Mysid, Or Opossum Shrimp (Cserniavsky, 1882) Family: Mysidae View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank Phylum: Arthropoda Archaeomysis grebnitzkii Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Mysida A mysid, or opossum shrimp (Cserniavsky, 1882) Family: Mysidae Description Size—length of males 9-14 mm, females 13- fringe, etc. Carapace produced anteriorly into 21 mm (Holmquist 1975). These specimens short rostrum (fig. 2). (Columbia River) 4.5 mm and 17 mm. Rostrum—''shortly produced": original Color—transparent, with stellar description, genus Archaeomysis (Holmquist melanophores ("maculate'). Some mysids can 1975); shorter than eyestalk (fig. 2). Can be change color to blend with their background grooved, bent down slightly, rounded: sp. (Tattersall and Tattersall 1951). grebnitzkii (Holmquist 1975). Body—carapace covers most of thorax, Thoracic Legs—(pereiopods (Holmquist attached dorsally by anterior-most segments; 1975)) - without well developed gills: suborder st the last thoracic segments are exposed, Mysida (Banner 1948a). 1 leg with exopodite nd the posterior end of the carapace is free. (not figured); 2 leg without a lobe-like Eyes are stalked; antennules are biramous; process on merus (not figured). Limbs 3 – 8 antennae have large scale-like squama with carpopropodus (carpus and propodus ("exopodite'). Thoracic limbs have swimming fused) of endopod divided into many exopodites; abdominal pleopods are reduced; subjoints: 9 - 11 in female legs (fig. 3), 7 - 9 uropods are lamellar, forming a tail fan. subjoints in male legs (not figured). Exopod in Females have a distinctive marsupium, both male and female legs 3 - 8 has a basal composed of pairs of oostegites. joint with an acute outer distal corner (fig. 3). Antennae—almost as long as body; slender No branchiae on thoracic legs: order Mysida multiarticulate flagellum (fig. 1). 3 jointed (Mauchline 1980). peduncle is longer than its antennal scale, but Oostegites—(females only): thoracic brood shorter than the antennular peduncle (fig. 2). pouch of two pairs of lamellae: subfamily Antennae Scale—(squama) extends to distal Gastrosaccinae (Mauchline 1980). Oostegites th th end of 2nd joint of peduncle; 3 ½x as long as arise from 7 and 8 thoracic legs (Mauchline broad. Straight outer margin, without setae: 1980) to form marsupium (fig. 1). th genus Archaeomysis (Banner 1948a); strong Abdomen—5 abdominal somite with a small th terminal spine, weak or absent distal suture. medial projection; 6 somite with Scale is setose only (no spines) on anterior corresponding ridge (fig. 5). Females: lateral and inner margins (Kozloff 1974a) (fig. 2). pleura on first somites help form brood pouch Antennules—peduncle with 1st joint about (fig. 1); inconspicuous pleura on somites 3-5, equal in length to remaining joints combined; none on 6 (Banner 1948a) (not figured). 2nd joint with 2 spines on outer margin Pleopods—Male: Variable, order Mysida rd (Tattersall 1951) (fig. 2). (Mauchline 1980). All biramous; 3 with Eyes—large, movable, stalked, with black elongate exopod: genus Archaeomysis st corneas; somewhat pear shaped. Rather less (Banner 1948a). 1 pleopod with uniarticulate than twice as long as broad (eye and stalk) endopod, multiarticulate exopod: spp. (fig. 2). Grebnitzkii (Banner 1948a) of 7- 9 articles nd Mouthparts—labrum longer than broad (Holmquist 1975) (not figured); 2 pleopod (Tattersall and Tattersall 1951); with strong with endopod of 4- 7 articles, exopod of 8 - 9 rd frontal spiniform process: genus articless (not figured); 3 pleopod with Archaeomysis (Banner 1948a) (not figured). elongate copulatory exopod of 8 - 10 articles, Carapace—attached to 1st 2 or 3 thoracic endopod of 5 articles (Holmquist 1975) (fig. th segments (free dorsally at posterior edge): 4); 4 pleopod with exopod of 5 - 9 articles order Mysidacea (Banner 1948a) (figs. 1, 1a). (Holmquist 1975); this specimen with 7 th Posterior margin with rounded lateral lobes: articles (fig. 5), endopod a simple plate; 5 th genus Archaeomysis (Banner 1948a); no pleopod like 4 , but shorter, with 4 - 8 exopod Digitized 2012 – Last Updated 1988– E-mail corrections to [email protected] Articles (Holmquist 1975) (not figured). carapace that is fused dorsally with all the Female: ''usually degenerate"' i.e. reduced: thoracic segments. The mysid carapace is order Mysida (Mauchline 1980). All biramous: attached only to the 1st 2 or 3 thoracic genus Archaeomysis (Mauchline 1980), each segments; mysid females have oostegites, ramus of one small article. 1st pleopod with an euphausiids do not. elongate protopodite, with basal and distal Other orders of Pericarida include tufts of long setae; endopod longer than lsopoda, Tanaidacea, and Amphipoda, which exopod, and more than ½ as long as are all fairly easily distinguished from protopodite (fig. 6); 2nd pleopods with short Mysidacea. One order that might be confused protopodite and exopod, longer endopod (fig. is Cumacea, small crustaceans of up to ½ 7); 3rd, 4th, and 5th pleopods like 2nd, but with inch long, with an inflated, shrimplike shorter endopods (not figured). carapace, a single compound recessed eye Uropods—biramous, neither branch (except for some eyeless females of some articulate (Banner 1948a): subfamily species), and a flexible, tubular abdomen. Gastrosaccinae. Both rami with setae on Mysids characteristically have large, distal margin: genus Archaeomysis (Banner stalked, movable eyes, and well developed 1948a). Endopod longer than exopod, with exopodites on their thoracic legs. The females statocyst near base, 2 basal spines (fig. 8). 6 have oostegites. Additionally, northeast spines on inner edge (male), 7 in female Pacific mysids lack thoracic gills, have (Banner 1948a) (not figured). Exopod reduced pleopods in the females – and truncate, without suture: subfamily usually in the males as well. They have a Gastrosaccinae (Mauchline 1980). Exopod statocyst on the inner ramus of the uropod. with 14 lateral spines (male) or 17 (female) on The 2 oceanic species, the large outer margin (more than 10: genus Gnathophausia gigas (Willemoes-Suhm) and Archaeomysis); no setae on outer exopod Eucopia unquiculata (WiIIemoes-Suhm) lack margin (Banner 1948a): subfamily these characteristics; they do have the Gastrosaccinae. unattached carapace and 7 pairs of female Statocyst—light and balance organ on oostegites. endopod or uropod: order Mysida (fig. 8). The suborder Mysida, to which A. (Found in all neritic, and in common grebnitzkii belongs, lack gills or branchiae on oceanic mysids (Banner 1948a).) the thoracic legs (fig. 3); they rarely have 7 Distinguishes mysids from larval decapods pairs of female oostegites, and have rather (Green 1968). reduced female pleopods. The male pleopods Telson—with distinct apical cleft: subfamily are often modified for copulation. (The other Gastrosaccinae (Mauchline 1980) margins of suborder is the Lophogastrida.) Mysidae is cleft denticulate (Banner 1948a) (fig. 8). the only family in Mysida. There are 6 Telson 2 ½ x as long as broad (at base); 8 - 9 subfamilies; some are not found in the spines of each margin, last 2 spines long, northeastern Pacific. Of those are: strong, close together (fig. 8). The subfamily Boreomysinae (one genus, Juveniles—are miniature adults at post- Boreomysis spp.) has at least 2 species in our emergence molt, when they are usually 1.5- area. These mysids have 7 pairs of oostegites 3.0 mm long (Mauchline 1980). in the female, not 2. Their thoracic legs have only 2-3 articulations, not many; the outer Possible Misidentifications uropods have a spine or spines on the outer Mysidacea and Euphausiacea, being margin; the statocyst is reduced (Banner superficially similar in appearance, are often 1948a). This genus is bathypelagic and treated together (Banner 1948a; Mauchline widely distributed; individuals could be found 1980). (They were formerly combined as the in our estuaries. Schizopoda.) Both are orders of the subclass The subfamily Mysinae is composed of 4 Malacostraca, but euphausiids are in the or 5 tribes, 3 of.which occur in the division Eucarida with the Decapoda. Like the northeastern Pacific: the Erythropini: the mysids, euphausiids differ from decapods in Mysini, and the Heteromysini. Characteristics having biramous thoracic legs (Kasaoka of the subfamily Mysinae include a wide 1974). Unlike the mysids, euphausiids have a labrum, uropod exopods with only setae on Digitized 2012 – Last Updated 1988– E-mail corrections to [email protected] the outer margin (not spines only as in Temperature—a wide range: from 8.5 °C or Gastrosaccinae), and 2 or 3 pairs of female lower to 24 °C. (Holmquist 1975) oostegites. Like Gastrosaccinae, they can Tidal Level—predominantly intertidal; also have various types of male pleopods. found in shallow waters close to shore Northeastern Pacific genera of Mysinae (Holmquist 1975). Moves up and down with include Pseudomma and Holmesiella tide. At extreme low water (Puget Sound (Erythropini), Neomysis, Holmesimysis and (Banner 1948a)); subtidal (Coos Bay); Acanthomysis (Mysini), and Heteromysis intertidally and at low water on ocean (Heteromysini). beaches. The subfamily Mysidellina has but 1 Associates— genus, Mysidella. These mysids are stout and robust, with a labrum that is produced Quantitative Information posteriorly into unequal lobes. M. americana Weight— has been found in deep water off British Abundance—the most common mysid of the Columbia (Banner 1948a). northeastern Pacific, followed by Neomysis The subfamily Gastrosaccinae,
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