News Committed to the Preservation of History

Camp Douglas Restoration Foundation Chicago,

Fall 2011 Volume 2, Issue 3 Project Phases: Camp Douglas Restoration Foundation—Latest News

Awareness and Support: ALDERMAN WILL BURNS SEEKS DRAPER AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM CIVIL WAR ROUND 2010-2011 KRAMER SUPPORT TABLES Fourth Ward alderman Will Burns has The Foundation has received financial Site Location and Site opened discussions with Draper and Kramer support from the Chicago Civil War Round Table Planning: 2011 which will hopefully lead to D & K’s support of and the Salt Creek Civil War Round Table. the archaeological investigation planned in We are extremely grateful for these generous Fund Raising: 2010-2012 2012. donations for the work of the Foundation. SCOTT DEMEL ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK Gallery Development: 2011 Scott Demel, Northern Michigan University, CAMP DOUGLAS RESTORATION FOUNDATION has conducted remote sensing on the SE corner PIN NOW AVAILABLE Construction: 2012 of the site. He is making permit application to Order your commemorative Camp Douglas the City of Chicago for a confirming excavation. Foundation Pin for only $4.00 at We are in contact with Professor Demel and www.Campdouglas.org. Opening: Winter 2012 hope to add him to our archaeological team.

MARY SURRATT RE-TRIAL RESULTS The retrial was held on September 23, 2011 Return to Chicago & in the Pritzker Auditorium at Chicago’s Harold Washington Library sponsored by the Abraham

Lincoln Presidential Library & Museum. Camp Douglas Judge James B Zagel, United States District

Court, Northern District of Illinois, presiding. Before the war John B. Miller, After sharp examination of Mrs. Surratt by SOMETHING NEW...VIRTUAL CAMP DOUGLAS later Captain John B. Miller, Karen Conti, for the defense, and stinging cross With the inspiration of www.vbi.lakeforest.edu. CSA, operated a soda fountain examination by Dan Webb, for the prosecution, and the assistance of Davis Schneiderman of Ed Genson’s impassioned closing argument on and saloon on Lake Street in Lake Forest College, we are developing a project Chicago. As his whiskey enter- behalf of Mary countered the demands for that will lead to a virtual Camp Douglas that can retribution by Michael Monico for the State. be overlaid on Google Maps®. Adding video, prises faltered, John skipped Broadcast journalist Bill Kurtis managed the town after amassing substantial photos and other visual aids, virtual Camp voting from the audience/jury finding Mary Douglas can be an important educational tool Surratt not-guilty by a vote of nearly 4 to 1. debts. He returned to Camp for the foundation. Watch for future up dates. Douglas as a prisoner in Febru- ary 1862. While he was in no position to repay his debts, his More About Colonel James Mulligan creditors were able to gloat over his confinement. Col. James Mulligan’s, 23rd doctors, for the sick and injured. Illinois “Irish” Regiment was While allowing civilian access to the

Among the prisoners in 1862 patrolled at Harpers Ferry by prison, Col. Mulligan was unable to . Col adequately control escapes and was a young lad who in 1857 Mulligan became the Camp sanitary conditions remained well went South to make his way in Douglas commander when the below acceptable standards during the world. His elderly mother first Confederate prisoners his tenure. Col. Mulligan was not located him at Camp Douglas arrived in February 1862. the most competent prison commander; but, he was in no way sobbing “Oh, dear boy, you have Mulligan, not known for his a tyrant. He did the best he could been the subject of many pray- record keeping ($1,450 of the for the prisoners, under the ers, and you are not past pray- Prisoner’s Funds were missing circumstances. ing for yet.” Prison authorities after his unit returned to the immediately initiated the release war), was faced with the Col. Mulligan and the 23rd daunting task of managing over returned to the war in June 1862. of the prodigal son. 7,000 prisoners who were sent Col. Mulligan was killed in action to Camp Douglas. Neither the July 1864 in the Shenandoah From: Rally ‘Round the Flag, Chica- War Department nor Camp Valley. go and the Civil War. Theo. J. Kara- Douglas was prepared for the task. He manski, Nelson Hall Publishing, managed the prison compound, added security, He is interred in Calvary Cemetery, Evanston, Chicago, 1993 and rallied medical support, including local IL. Camp Douglas Restoration Camp Douglas…,Why Forgotten then?...Why should it be Foundation Chicago, Illinois Remembered Now? www.campdouglas.org Camp Douglas operated demanded all of the city’s David L. Keller, Managing Director from September 1861 until energy to rebuilding for 1368 N. Mohawk 2S it was completely razed by the future, not the past. Chicago, IL 60610 December 1865. Over As the increasing need for 25,000 union soldiers housing and the impact of Tel: 312-751-1693 were received and trained the black migration and Mobile: 312-859-1940 there and approximately two World Wars left their [email protected] 30,000 Confederate mark on Chicago and prisoners were housed Bronzeville, there was no there. room for Camp Douglas to Camp Douglas was the be remembered. single most important and Today as we enter the prominent physical sesquicentennial of the reminder of the Civil War. Civil War, it is proper that Yet, in 1865 it was we remember our past and forgotten. Today no tell the story of Camp meaningful remembrance Douglas for all time. As a of the Camp remains. part of the history of Why was it forgotten? Chicago and Bronzeville, Why do so few Chicagoans future generations of even know of its existence? Americans and Chicagoans From 1865 until today need a permanent place to history has played an evil trick on the reflect on the past and interpret the history memory of Camp Douglas and those who of Camp Douglas, the Civil War, and the served and were incarcerated there. Initially contribution of African Americans to the Civil the devastation of the Civil War was to be War. relegated to the battlefields of the South. The Camp Douglas Restoration Best forgotten in the North. The unforgivable Foundation is dedicated to leading the way to loss of life in the Camp and the image of the telling this story that must be told. The “Andersonville of the North” was a source of foundation is “Committed to the Preservation A Chicago Story that shame in Chicago and perhaps, a source of of Chicago History” Needs to be Told potential retribution...best forgotten. As Help us develop the interpretive and Chicago became the fastest growing city in educational facilities on the site of Camp the world the insatiable need for land for Douglas. For more information see Join us at: expansion left no room for memorials to the www.campdouglas.org. www.campdouglas.org camp. Then the of 1871

Medical Dates of Significance Lincoln Quiz A. Lincoln Medical treatment in the Civil War and at Camp Following are seven quotes from A. Lincoln during Douglas was at best rudimentary. However, it is the Civil War. Can you guess when he said it, to or important to place this treatment in context with about whom and the circumstances. (answers below) the history of medicine. 1. “The hen is the wisest of all animals in creation, because she never cackles until the egg is laid.” Anesthetics were used during the war. The 2. “It is called the Army of the Potomac but it is South used ether (first used in 1842). Ether only ______’s bodyguard.” unfortunately was highly flammable! The North 3. “I can’t spare this man, He fights.” preferred chloroform, around since the 1830’s. 4. “…like an ox jumped half over a fence and is Even with the availability of these two liable to be torn by dogs, front and rear, without compounds, amputation was often done with a fair chance to gore one way or kick the other.” little or no anesthetics and no sanitary 5. “Your military skill is useless to me, if you do precautions. not do this.” 6. “The fat is all in the fire now and we shall have Well after the war, in the late 19th century, with to crow small…” Your Score: the development of the controversial germ theory 7. “The people are impatient; Chase has no money 7- Lincoln Scholar by Louis Pasteur and its subsequent application and he tells me he can raise no more; the Gen- 5-6- You know the Civil War to surgical sterility by Joseph Lister, surgeons eral of the Army has . The bottom 3-4- Good but, read more were able to operate with a substantially reduced is out of the tub. What shall I do?” 1-2- Get with it risk of infection. Lister began applying carbolic 0- Try another war acid to compound fracture wounds, and the

mortality rate from amputation plummeted from

45 to 15%. Answers:

Meigs C. Montgomery General Quartermaster visiting while Quote – 1862 January

7. Run Bull of battle first the of Lincoln Mary to Letter - 1862

The process of vaccination was 6.

discovered by Edward Jenner in 1796. Used visit. the make not did Halleck To in Lincoln’s request that he visit Gen Burnside. Burnside. Gen visit he that request Lincoln’s in Halleck Henry To - 1863 January

widely in the Civil War infection from the 5. River nock

To when Hooker suggested crossing the Rappahan- the crossing suggested Hooker when Hooker Joseph To – 1863 June vaccination was often worse than the prevention 4.

Shiloh at drinking his of complaints after Grant U.S. Of – 1863 of smallpox. 3.

Antietam of Battle after McClelland George - 1862

The Civil War occurred just before the age of 2. confidence over Hooker’s Joseph to Referring – 1863

medical enlightenment. 1.