World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document FILECOPY Documentof The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. P-2169-CO REPORTAND RECOMMENDATION OF THE Public Disclosure Authorized PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONALBANK FOR RECONSTRUCTIONAND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVEDIRECTORS ON A PROPOSEDLOAN TO EMPRESASMUNICIPALES DE CALI (EMCALI) Public Disclosure Authorized WITH THE GUARANTEEOF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA FOR A SECONDCALI WATERSUPPLY AND SEWERAGEPROJECT February 8, 1978 Public Disclosure Authorized This documenthas a restricteddistribution and My be used by recipientsonly in the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwLsebe disclosed withoutWorld Bank authorization. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS Average Calendar 1977 January 24, 1978 Currency Unit = Peso - Col$ Col $ US$1 = Col$36.985 38.04 Col$l = US$0.027 0.02629 The Staff Appraisal Report is based on US$1 = Col$51.4 MEASURES AND EQUIVALENTS 1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft.) 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile (mi.) 1 square meter (m2) - 10.8 square feet (sq. ft.) 1 cubic meter (m3) = 35.3 cubic feet (cu. ft.) 1 US gallon (gal) = 3.785 liters (1) 1 million US gallons per day (mgd) = 43.9 liters per second (1/sec) 1 milligram per liter (mg/l) = 0.058 gram per US gallon GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS EMCALI = Empresas Municipales de Cali IDB = Inter-American Development Bank INAS = Instituto Nacional de Salud INSFOPAL = Instituto Nacional de Fomento Municipal USAID = US Agency for International Development FISCAL YEAR January 1 to December 31 FOR OFFICIALUSE ONLY Page 1 of 3 COLOMBIA SECOND CALI WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE PROJECT LOAN AND PROJECT SUMMARY Borrower: Empresas Municipalesde Cali (EMCALI) Guarantor: Republic of Colombia Amount: US$13.8 million equivalent Terms: Repayment in 17 years, including 4 years of grace; interest at 7.45% per annum. Proiect Description: The project would improve sanitary conditions in Cali by moving the discharge of raw sewage downstream from the city's main intake of water, and by separating domestic sewage from stormwaterrun-off; it would increase utiliza- tion of the installedwater production capacity by supply- ing water to the adjacent Municipalityof Yumbo; it would extend the water supply and sewerage networks to, and reduce flooding in, certain low-incomeareas; and it would increase the area availablefor orderly urban growth. All of Cali's and Yumbo's populationwould benefit from the reduction of the very hazardous level of pollution at the point of water intake from the Cauca River, and about 250,000 people, 70% of which are among Colombia's poorest 40%, would benefit directly from the other components. Although the project faces no special risks, it may not be implementedin the intended period if EMCALI fails to generate sufficient funds through timely rate increasesand betterment levies. EMCALI's and the municipal authorities' commitment to strengtheningthe entity's finances should ensure that funds will be availablewhen needed and that the project will be carried out as scheduled. This documeni hasa rmricweddistribution and maybe usedby recipientsonly in the performance of their official dutig. Its contents may not otherwisebe disclosedwithout World Bank authorization. Page 2 of 3 Estimated Cost: Local Foreign Total -----US$ Million------ (a) Proposed Project: Water Supply Subproject 1.39 1.14 2.53 Yumbo Subproject 1.21 1.98 3.19 Reforestation Subproject 0.35 0.13 0.48 Cauca Interceptor Subproject 3.29 2.49 5.78 Stormwater Subproject 1.71 0.57 2.28 Sanitary Subproject 1.65 0.55 2.20 Sewage Treatment Studies 0.12 0.06 0.18 Maintenance Equipment - 0.82 0.82 Engineering and Administration 0.87 0.88 1.75 Base Cost 10.59 8.62 19.21 Physical Contingencies 1.59 1.29 2.88 Price Contingencies 2.12 1.48 3.60 Total Project Cost 14.30 11.39 25.69 Interest and Other Charges during Construction 5.61 2.38 7.99 Total Funds Required 19.91 13.77 33.68 (b) Other Investments and Working Capital: Other Investments 2.10 - 2.10 Increase in Working Capital 7.10 - 7.10 Total Funds Required for 1978-1981 Program 29.11 13.77 42.9 Financing Plan: Local Foreign Total -----US$ Million-- Net Internal Cash Generation 17.0 - 17.0 Government Loan 5.7 - 5.7 Loan from Banco Central Hipotecario 5.7 - 5.7 Proposed Bank Loan - 13.8 13.8 Other 0.7 - 0.7 Total 29.1 13.8 42.9 Page 3 of 3 Rate of Return: The aggregate internal economic rate of return for the project is estimated to be 22%. Appraisal Report: Report No. 1679c, dated February 8, 1978. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONOF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO EMPRESAS MUNICIPALES DE CALI (EMCALI) WITH TIE GUARANTEEOF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA FOR A SECOND CALI WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGEPROJECT 1. I submit the following report and recommendationon a proposed loan to Empresas Municipales de Cali (EMCALI)with the guarantee of the Republic of Colombia for the equivalent of US$13.8 million to help finance a Second Cali Water Supply and Sewerage Project. The loan would have a term of 17 years, including 4 years of grace, with interest at 7.45% per annum. PART I: THE ECONOMY 2. *Thelatest economic report on Colombia (1548-CO)was distributed to the Executive Directors in May 1977. It assesses current developmentsand provides a medium-termperspective of the Colombian economy. Country data sheets are provided in Annex 1. Background 3. During the past two decades substantialstructural transformation has taken place in the Colombian economy. The country has made impressive progress in the transition from a predominantlyrural and agricultural economy made up of largely self-containedregions to a more integratedurban industrial economy oriented increasinglytoward internationaltrade. This broadening of the country's productive base has been accompaniedby rapid growth of nontraditionalexports and developmentof a modern sector which relies to a considerableextent on imported inputs. From 1967 to 1974 GDP rose by an average of 6.5% per annum in real terms, well above the historical average of less than 5% (1950-67). Accelerated economic growth coupledwith a decline in population growth brought about a rapid increase in per capita incomes. Increased investment and relaxation of the foreign exchange con- straint were the major factors responsiblefor this accelerationin growth. Merchandise exports expanded more than four-fold during this period, and, most significantly,nontraditional exports became an increasinglyimportant source of foreign exchange earnings, in large part compensatingthe slow growth of receipts from coffee exports. Much of this increase in non- traditionalexports was the result of both product and market diversifica- tion attributableto the Government'sexport promotion program. Substantial medium- and long-term capital inflows to the public and private sectors for developmentprojects helped sustain investment levels and enabled Colombia to maintain the favorable structure of its external debt. However, despite the substantialprogress made during the past two decades, Colombia still has a long way to go on the road toward modernization;it still is essentially an underdevelopedcountry with a limited modern sector super- imposed on a broad, traditionaland poor base. - 2 - 4. When the present Government took office in August 1974, the country was faced with a generally deteriorating economic situation--weakening balance of payments, loss of self-sufficiency in petroleum production, accelerating inflation, deterioration of the public finances, and reduced public invest- ment. GDP growth showed signs of slowing and unemployment was increasing, especially in the urban areas, reaching a peak of 13% in 1974. As a con- sequence, the new administration moved rapidly to introduce an economic stabilization program along with a set of reforms aimed at restoring the basis for long-term economic growth. In line with these goals, it initiated basic reforms of the fiscal, monetary and price systems. 5. To help strengthen the public finances, the new Government undertook a comprehensive tax reform designed to achieve a substantial improvement in the progressivity and elasticity of the tax system. Steps were also taken to correct major distortions which existed in the price system. Price controls on a number of important agricultural products were removed, thereby providing greater stimulus for increasing farm production. Far-reaching modifications in petroleum pricing policy aimed at regaining self-sufficiency in production of crude petroleum by improving incentives for exploration and exploitation were introduced. Concurrently, measures were taken to reduce the subsidy on local consumption of petroleum products, with the dollar equivalent price of gasoline being raised in successive steps by 150% between August 1975 to January 1977. 6. Economic growth slowed in 1975 and 1976, with real GDP increasing by less than 5% in both years. This was the result of the stablilization measures adopted at the end of 1974, the effects of the world recession, reduced private investment, and, in 1976, a poor harvest stemming from adverse weather conditions. The stabilization program succeeded in reducing inflation from 27% in 1974 to 18% in 1975, but the expansionary impact of rising inter- national reserves caused by higher coffee prices and shortages of basic food items produced an acceleration of inflation to 26% in 1976. Private invest- ment declined in real terms during this period as a consequence of growing investor concern over the deteriorating economic situation and tightening of credit. Public sector revenues and savings were strengthened as a result of the tax reform and of increased revenue from coffee export taxes. The balance of payments improved substantially in 1976, mainly as a result of an increasing trade surplus caused by higher world coffee prices. Consequently Colombia's net international reserves rose by nearly threefold, from US$437 million in 1974 to US$1,166 million in 1976. Recent Economic Performance 7. Growth and employment picked up significantly in 1977, largely as a result of increased internal demand generated by the income effects of exceptionally high export receipts from coffee.
Recommended publications
  • Treaty Series Recueil Des Traites
    UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES Treaty Series Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations VOLUME 203 Recueil des Traites Traites et accords internationaux enregistrs ou classes et inscrits au repertoire au Secritariat de l'Organisationdes Nations Unies Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded vith the Secretariat of the United Nations VOLUME 203 1955 I. Nos. 2738-2746 TABLE OF CONTENTS Treaties and international agreements registered from 27 January1955 to 11 February 1955 No. 2738. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Pag Colombia: Loan Agreement-Supplementary Highway Project-(with annexed Loan Regulations No. 3). Signed at Washington, on 10 September 1953 Agreement amending the above-mentioned Loan Agreement. Signed at Washington, on 4 November 1954 .... .................... 3 No. 2739. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and El Salvador: Loan Agreement-Coastal Highway Project-(withannexed Loan Regulations No. 3). Signed at Washington, on 12 October 1954 ........... .. 37 No. 2740. Pakistan and Denmark: Exchange of notes constituting an agreement regarding abolition of visas between the two countries. Karachi, 14 November 1952, Teheran, 9 March 1953, and Karachi, 3 July, 18 August and 30 August 1954 . 59 No. 2741. India and Philippines: Treaty of Friendship. Signed at Manila, on 11 July 1952 .... ........ 73 No. 2742. Netherlands and France: Agreement (with Additional Protocol and exchange of notes) for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and for the settlement of certain other fiscal questions. Signed at Paris, on 30 December 1949 Additional Agreement to the above-mentioned Agreement. Signed at Paris, on 24 July 1952 .......
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration and Violent Crime: Evidence from The
    Immigration and Violent Crime: Evidence from the Colombia-Venezuela Border∗ Bravo Working Paper # 2020-021 Brian Knight† Ana Tribin‡ Abstract: This paper investigates the link between violent crime and immigration using data from Colombian municipalities during the recent episode of immigration from Venezuela. The key finding is that, following the closing and then re-opening of the border in 2016, which precipitated a massive immigration wave, homicides in Colombia increased in areas close to the border with Venezuela. Using information on the nationality of the victim, we find that this increase was driven by homicides involving Venezuelan victims, with no evidence of a statistically significant increase in homicides in which Colombians were victimized. Thus, in contrast to xenophobic fears that migrants might victimize natives, it was migrants, rather than natives, who faced risks associated with immigration. Using arrests data, there is no corresponding increase in arrests for homicides in these areas. Taken together, these results suggest that the increase in homicides close to the border documented here are driven by crimes against migrants and have occurred without a corresponding increase in arrests, suggesting that some of these crimes have gone unsolved. Keywords: Crime, Migration, Venezuela JEL classification: J15, J18, K42 ____________________________________________ ∗Andrea Garcia and Diana Ricculi provided helpful research assistance. The opinions contained in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not commit Banco de la República or its Board of Directors. †Brown University. Email: [email protected] ‡DEPE-Banco de la Republica de Colombia. Email: [email protected]. Immigration and Violent Crime: Evidence from the Colombia-Venezuela Border∗ Brian Knighty Ana Tribinz Abstract This paper investigates the link between violent crime and immigration using data from Colom- bian municipalities during the recent episode of immigration from Venezuela.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment and Growth of Protestantism in Colombia
    Establishment and Growth of Protestantism in Colombia Leslie J. Thompson September, 2005 School of Education, University of Wales, Bangor This Dissertation is submitted in part fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Ph.D. of the University of Wales ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researcher is most grateful to friends in Colombia who came to his assistance. Some lent books long out of print on the early years of the Protestant Church. Rev. Guillermo Triana, President of the Confederación Evangélica de Colombia (CEDEC), provided minutes of key meetings that helped the researcher gain an understanding of missionary/national conflicts. Rev. Jairo Gutierrez made a special trip to the Baptist Theological Seminary Library in Cali, Colombia and, with their permission, copied several entire books that would otherwise have been unavailable. The chief librarian at the National Library of Colombia in Bogotá was very helpful. An old friend, Jeanne Burford de Bucana (1995) must be thanked for her book La Iglesia Evangélica en Colombia. Without these special resources, the task of completing this work would have been very difficult. Two men deserve special mention: Dr. Bill Rees and Dr. Colin Baker, my thesis supervisors at the University of Wales, Bangor. Dr. Rees has patiently reviewed this work chapter by chapter and provided invaluable suggestions and assistance. Dr. Baker has been a source of constant encouragement. As a group, the pastors of the Asociación de Iglesias Evangélicas del Caribe receive chief credit for the completion of this work. They are the men who actually lived out the researcher’s thesis. For their participation in interviews as well as their responses to numerous phone calls and electronic communications, the following individuals deserve special mention: Gregorio Landero, Ubaldo Padilla, Juan González, Marcos Díaz, Alvaro Méndez, Enoc Palacio, Wilson Martínez, Danilo Díaz, Eleazar Moreno, Eddie Romero, and Nicolas Woodbury.
    [Show full text]
  • Since the 1920S, Mario Huertas Corporation Has Been a Key Player
    ince the 1920s, Mario Huertas Corporation has been a key player in the development of infrastructureS in Colombia. Today, the Bogota-based company ranks as one of the top five Colombian highway contractors and has landed a number of high-profile projects and awards, including a $400 million, five-year highway contract in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Mario Huertas Corporation’s (MHC) roots trace back to 1920, when the company was founded by owner Mario Huertas’ great-uncle. At the time, it worked exclusively in the ports on the Magdalena River, the principal river of Colombia that flows north through the western half of the country. Years later, Huertas’ father started his own company, expanding the family business into other construction and infrastructure-related activities including roads, bridges, viaducts and residential building at the district, state and national level. Now, for the past 39 years, Huertas has been leading the company and works with his son, 28-year-old Esteban, who represents the fourth generation in the family business. With more than 900 employees and $600 million in contracts, MHC is well-established as a progressive pioneer in the industry accustomed to conquering massive civil engineering projects in challenging conditions. The company has earned recognition with the prestigious National Engineering Prize for its work on the Sesquile Dam, and currently has two contracts with INVIAS (National Highway Institute). “Mario Huertas Corporation is not just a large company in Colombia, but it is truly an engineering company,” said Hugo Diaz, sales representative for Rodríguez y Loñdono, a KPI- JCI and Astec Mobile Screens authorized dealer in Colombia.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiply 20 Banco Davivienda S.A
    GOOD THINGS 20MULTIPLY 20 BANCO DAVIVIENDA S.A. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND THE CEO TO THE 2020 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING LETTER FROM THE CEO INTRODUCTION OUR RESULTS SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OUR ENABLERS MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS APPENDICES This is an interactive document designed to improve your experience. Click on the section you want to visit and use the Home icon to return to the content table. About this report This report covers the period running from January In addition to the letter from the CEO and a summary 1st until December 31st, 2020 and includes our of the most significant developments and figures for operations in Colombia and Central America. 2020, we report on our economic, environmental, and social performance during an unprecedented In 2020, we prepared this report in accordance year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, with the “Essential” option of the Global we provide a brief description of our business Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards, based on drivers, such as human talent, risk management and material information relevant for the Bank and its corporate governance, as part of a brief description stakeholders. A third party verified this report to of the economic context in the countries where we assess if the contents herein are in line with the set operate. of standards for preparing Global Reporting Initiative Sustainability Memories. To conclude, we provide an analysis of our financial results and additional appendices attached hereto We have kept our commitment to sustainability by that are an integral part of this report. maintaining our adherence to the Global Compact, making meaningful contributions to fulfill the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and partaking in benchmark initiatives such as the Green Protocol, the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), and from 2020, the adherence to the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TFCD).
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    C.3 RETURN TO RESTR IECT ED REPORTS DE FILE COPY Report No.TO-650a WITHIN ONE WEEK This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. Public Disclosure Authorized They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized APPRAISAL OF FIFTH HIGHWAY PROJECT COLOMBIA Public Disclosure Authorized July 8, 1968 Public Disclosure Authorized Projects Department Currency Equivalents Currency Unit = Peso (Ps.) US$1.00 = Ps. 16.30(June 1968) US$1 million Ps. 16.3 million Ps. 1 million = US$61,350 Fiscal Year: January 1 - December 1 Units of Weights and Measures: Metric Metric: British/U.S. Equivalents 1 m = 3.28 ft. 1 km2 0.62 mi. 1 km2 0.386 sq. mi. 1 m ton = 0.98 lg ton = 1.1 US short ton C OLOi 511. APPRAISAL OF FIFTH HIGHWAY PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. BACKGROUND h A. General 4 B. Transportation Sector h C. Transportation Coordination 7 3. THE HIGHWAY SECTOR 8 A. Highway Administration 8 B. Highway Planning and Financing 9 C. Highway Engineering 10 D. Highway Construction 11 E. Highway Maintenance 12 F. Characteristics and Growth of Traffic 12 4. THE PROJECT 14 A. General Description 14 B. Highways and Bridges to be Constructed or Reconstructed 14 C. Design and Consulting Services and Equipment 17 D. Cost Estimates and Financing 20 E. Execution 23 5.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    T.O.- l0b RESTRICTED RETURN TO REPORT<T mSx< WITHIN ONE WEEA l Public Disclosure Authorized This report is restricted to use within the Bank. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized APPRAISAL OF REVISED HIGHWAYPROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized in COLOMBIA September 2, 1953 Public Disclosure Authorized Technical Operations Department EXCHANGE RATE One U.S. dollar : Z. 5 Colouibiaa Peso* One Colombion Peso - U.S. $0.40 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Sumnary and Conclusions I. Darpose and Scope of this Report 1 II. The Present Situaticn 1 III. Descriptionof the Revised ConstructionFro4ect 3 IV. Troposed 1KaintenancePro'ram 5 V. Suniraryvof the Total Fund Requirements 7 VI. Justificationof' the Project 8 VII. Reconrmendations 9 Appendices. APPRAISAL OF REVISED H?IGHT..AYI;ROJECT - COLOLIBIA Summary and Conclusions The Government of Colombia in 1951 began a three-year emergency construction project for rehabilitating about 3,061 kilometers of the countryts principal highways. On April 10, 1951, the Bank made a loan of 416.5 million to Colombia for this purpose. This was the first step in a larger highway program recommended by the Colombian Economic Development Committee. The urgent need for improved roads did not permit making surveys, plans, detailed estimates and construction schedules before beginning work. Experience has shown that both the time required for completing the project and necessary equipment were substantially underestimated. Therefore, additional equipment should be provided in order to complete the project to adequate standards, and to cut down the time required for completion. Addi- tional foreign exchange of about S7.L4 million would be needed for this purpose and for related costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Climate Change Concerns for the Road Sector in Colombia
    Photo Credit: ANI Critical Climate Change Concerns for the Road Sector in Colombia Acknowledgements This paper would not have been possible without the assistance of the agencies listed below that provided data, guidance, and feedback during the development and analysis of this work. Though every effort was made to ensure accuracy, they are not responsible for any errors, omissions, or misstatements made in this report. • Ministerio de Transporte de Colombia • Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM) • Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura (ANI) • Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP) • Instituto Nacional de Vías (INVIAS) • Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) • Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (INVEMAR) • Unidad Nacional para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (UNGRD) • Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MADS) A workshop entitled Climate Impacts in the Colombian Highway System was held on July 17, 2013 in Bogotá, Colombia to inform this paper. The workshop was attended by the agencies involved in the project (listed above), private sector representatives including dealers, consulting and construction companies, and associations and unions, as well as key experts and stakeholders from academic institutions and other organizations. The authors would like to thank the workshop participants for providing valuable feedback and inputs to this paper. This paper is part of a larger effort funded by the Climate Development and Knowledge Network (CDKN), and conducted in cooperation with the Ministry of Transport and other Colombian government agencies. Entitled, “Mainstreaming Climate Change into the Transport Sector in Colombia,” the project’s objectives are to develop a greater understanding of climate change in Colombia and its impacts on transport systems, and to incorporate findings into the country’s transport planning and development.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Social Impact of the Construction of the Fourth
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 23 (2018) pp. 16318-16326 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com Evaluation of the Social Impact of the Construction of the Fourth Generation Highway Ibagué-Cajamarca in the Urban Area of the Municipality of Cajamarca, Tolima Department, Colombia Deiby Duvan Navarrete Barrantes.1,*, Saieth Baudilio Chaves Pabóny1**, Hugo Alexander Rondón Quintana2,*** 1Programa de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Estudios a Distancia, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Cundinamarca, Colombia. 2Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Abstract participation [10], thus giving way to development, having people and their welfare as a priority, while continuing to aim The purpose of the present article is to evaluate the social towards the common good. Other authors [11] [12] argue that impact of the construction of the fourth generation highway the satisfaction of citizens is one of the main objectives of Ibagué-Cajamarca in the urban zone of the Municipality of each public institution, which requires listening to the "voice" Cajamarca, Department of Tolima. This is studied from the of citizens, understanding their needs, and verifying field of Civil Engineering and from a complex approach that compliance with the real services provided to comply with understands how multiple social and technical situations are expectations. intertwined in the territory, making it necessary to carry out field work, surveys and review of technical documents. A For the case study, the inhabitants of the urban area have been compilation of bibliographic information on the subject, an exposed for decades to high levels of noise pollution and acquisition and analysis of data were made to present clear contamination.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hazardous Waste Management Solution for Bogota
    A HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR BOGOTA A Project Report Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Anthropology San José State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Andrea Arjona Amador May 2010 © 2010 Andrea Arjona Amador ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY The Undersigned Graduate Committee Approves the Project Report Titled A HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR BOGOTA by Andrea Arjona APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY _________________________________________________________ Dr. Charles Darrah, Department of Anthropology Date _________________________________________________________ Dr. Roberto González, Department of Anthropology Date ________________________________________________________ Dr. Hilary Nixon, Department of Urban and Regional Planning Date ABSTRACT The present work has been focused on defining a waste management approach that would enable the design of an affordable, socially responsible, and environmentally sound hazardous waste management solution for Bogotá. In Colombia hazardous waste mismanagement has become a great concern, particularly to main industrial centers like Bogotá where there is no public infrastructure to safely treat these types of wastes. Recycling and incineration are two of the most sustainable waste management techniques available today, though generally expensive to implement. One of the main questions addressed in this report was how to make recycling and incineration affordable and appealing to Bogotá’s industries. To answer this question the author proposes a strategic planning methodology for this project aimed at reducing costs and increasing compliance. First, to help reduce waste management costs, the proposed solution could design economic and service-based incentives that will help generators pay for hazardous waste disposal and other waste management services.
    [Show full text]
  • Smart Mobility Ppps in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Smart Mobility A report by the Economist Intelligence Unit PPPs in Latin America and the Caribbean Commissioned by Smart mobility PPPs in Latin America and the Caribbean About this report This Economist Intelligence Unit/Multilateral For further information, please contact: Investment Fund report is an introduction to the 2014 Infrascope study that analyzes public-private Economist Intelligence Unit partnerships (PPPs) in Latin America and the Leo Abruzzese, Caribbean. Smart mobility PPPs in Latin America Project Director: [email protected] looks at how smart solutions to mobility challenges Eva Blaszczynski, Project Manager: in the region lend themselves to a PPP framework. [email protected] The report examines the mobility challenges the region faces, to what extent smart mobility Romina Bandura, Senior Analyst: solutions are used by governments, and the role [email protected] the private sector plays in coming up with Rachael Glynne, Marketing Executive: innovative mobility solutions. More importantly, [email protected] / the report analyzes mobility solutions that are +44(2)7 576 8224 most likely to lend themselves to PPP investment. External Consultant: Raul Gallegos The complete index, as well as detailed country analyses, can be viewed on these websites: Inter-American Development Bank, Multilateral www.eiu.com/lacinfrascope2014 Investment Fund http://infrascope.fomin.org David Bloomgarden, Project Specialist: Please use the following when citing this report: [email protected] / +1 202 9042 8224 Dennis Blumenfeld, Consultant: EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit). 2014. [email protected] Evaluating the environment for public-private Alejandra Viveros, Principal Communications partnerships in Latin America and the Caribbean: Specialist: The 2014 Infrascope. EIU, New York, NY.
    [Show full text]
  • Sixth Highway Project
    LO8,t 6V0-CO FILECOPY ItRESTRICTED Repor No. PTR-44a Public Disclosure Authorized This reportwas prepar*4for use within the Bankand its Afliated organizations. Theydo not acceptresponsibility for its occuracyor compless. Thereport may not be publishednor may It be quotedas representingtheir views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCIION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized APPRAISAL OF THE SIXTH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT COLOMBIA Public Disclosure Authorized April 28, 1970 Public Disclosure Authorized Transportation Projects Department CURRENCYEQUIVALENTSs February 1970 Currency Unit - Peso (pa.) U.S. $1.00 = Ps. 18.00 U.S. $1 million - Ps. 18 million Ps. 1 million - US$55,555 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 UNITS OF WEIGHTSAND HEASURES: Metric Metric: British/U.S. Equivalents 1 meter (m) - 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer (km) - 0.62 mile (mi) 1 square kilometer (km2 ). 0.386 square mile (sq. mi) 1 metric ton (m ton) 1.1 US short ton - 0.98 long ton ABBREVIATIONSUSED IN THE REPORT: ADT - Average Daily Traffic CNR - Colombian National Railroads DANE - NationalDepartment of Statistics INTRA - National TransportInstitute MOP - Ministry of Public Works TAMS - Tippetts-Abbett-NkCarthy-Stratton (ConsultingEngineers, U.S.) COLOMBIA APPRAISAL OF SIXTH HIGHWAY PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............. ..... ,............. i-i 1. INTRODUCTION .. ......... 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION.. *........... 2 A. General ............ .. 2 B. The Transportation Sector .3 C. Transport Coordination. 5 3. THE HIGHWAY SECTOR ........................ 8 A. Highway Network . .8 B. Highway Administration . ........ 8 C. Highway Planning and Financing. 9 D. Highway Engineering . .10 E. Highway Construction. 10 F. Highway Maintenance .... .. .... ... 11 G. Characteristics and Growth of Road Traffic 11 4.
    [Show full text]