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MORITZ WAGNER ALS GEOGRAPH Erfahrungen Des Referenten Richtiger Ist, Als Es in Das Letzte Interglazial (Thyrrhehien Oder Teilw

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MORITZ WAGNER ALS GEOGRAPH Erfahrungen Des Referenten Richtiger Ist, Als Es in Das Letzte Interglazial (Thyrrhehien Oder Teilw Berichte und kleineMitteilungen 125 graphisch untersucht und in einer Skizze auch die tet fiir den Gesamtraum der franzosischen Sahara die Handelswege, auf denen die Datteln nach Marokko geologische Struktur und die Morphologie im Hin nordlich des Hohen Atlas gelangen, darstellt. Morpho blick auf eine moglichst weitgehende Nutzbarmachung logisch hat sich F. Joly in Siidost-Marokko besonders der Sahara fiir den Menschen. mit dem weiteren Bereich um Taouz an der Grenze Die Arbeiten des Institut de Recherches Sahariennes, zur Hamada du Guir beschaftigt,u. a. in einer Arbeit das von seiner Griindung bis Ende 1949 unter Lei von uns im Band VII, 1951 (JLes Ait Khebbache de Taouz"). tung Dr, Rene Maire stand, geben einen Ein Der Sonderband, herausgegeben anlafilich des In blick in die hervorragenden Leistungen franzosischer ternat. Geologen-Kongresses in Algier, Tome VIII, Wissenschaftler in der Saharaforschung. Seit der fran 1952, soil hier als jiingster Band der Travaux de zosischen Besetzung des grofiten Teiles Nordwest I. R. S. besprochen werden. Dieser Band verzichtet Afrikas ist den franzosischen Forschern ein umfassen auf den sonst iiblichenAufbau, bringt auch keine re des Betatigungsfeld zugefallen, auf dem bis jetzt sehr gionalen Untersuchungen, sondern in zusammenfas viel geleistetworden ist.Dieser Erfolg, der sichaufierst senden Arbeiten allgemein Probleme der Saharafor giinstig auch auf die praktische Ersdiliefiung weiter schung auf dem Gebiet der Geologie, Geophysik, Me Gebiete auswirkte, ist nicht zuletzt auf die Zusam teorologie,Morphologie, Hydrologie und Prahistorie. menfassung aller interessierten Fachrichtungen in L. Balout stellt in einer Arbeit ?Pluviaux intergla einem Institut zuriickzufiihren. Auch deutschen Geo ciaires et prehistoire saharienne" die glaziale Chrono logen und Geographen steht dieses Gebiet heute wie logic und die prahistorische Entwicklung des Men der fiir Forschungen offen. Und niemand, der sich in schen und seiner ?Industrien" im Vergleich mit Frank dieser grofitenWiiste der Erde wissenschaftlich for reich und Nordafrika dar. In einer iibersichtlichen schend betatigt, wird an den Arbeiten des Institut de Tabelle werden auch die Schwankungen des Mittel Recherches Sahariennes voriibergehen konnen. meeres dazu in Beziehung gesetzt. Das 5?8-m-Niveau was nach erscheint dort im Postglazial, auch eigenen MORITZ WAGNER ALS GEOGRAPH Erfahrungen des Referenten richtiger ist, als es in das letzte Interglazial (Thyrrhehien oder teilw. als Mo Hanno Beck zu er nastirien bezeichnet) stellen. Homo sapiens The German scheint in Nordafrika spater als in Frankreich. R. geographer Moritz Wagner. Capot-Rey untersucht die klimatischen und botani Summary: Moritz Wagner (1813?1887) is one of the least schen Gegebenheiten der Wiistengebiete und grenzt known German geographers of the 19th century. the nach ihnen die franzosische Sahara ab (?Les Limites During years 1836?1860 he travelled in Algeria, the and Central and du Sahara Dabei miissen fiir die Fest Orient, North, South America. By making Fransais"). full use of the field on der andere Pflanzen als fiir die experiences he gained his travels legung Nordgrenze he made valuable contributions to almost all branches of Siidgrenze herangezogen werden. Fiir die Abgrenzung For on geography. instance, the work Central America by imNorden wird die im Siiden die was 100-mm-Isohyete, himself and Scherzer the most comprehensive treat benutzt. L. Chadenson untersucht ment of this area to 150-mm-Isohyete prior Karl Sapper. Stimulated by the die Morphologie und die Tektonik im oberen Pliozan writings of Karl Ritter and Charles Darwin he propound in Nordafrika und in den nordsaharischen Steppen. ed the 'Law of Migration of Organisms' in 1868 and the 'Law of Durch Vergleich der Lage des Villafranchien in wei Separations' in 1870, the geographical applications ten Bereichen kommt Chadenson zu der dafi of which he discussed with his great pupil Friedrich Rat Ansicht, zel. das Meeresniveau am Ende des Pliozan etwa der Through Ratzel he thus influenced the entire concept of Rooted in the tradition of classical habe. Daraus bio^geography. the heutigen Hohenlage entsprochen ergibt school of German wenn diese eine geography (1799?1859), Wagner sich, Hypothese richtig ist, erhebliche, nevertheless went further, and it is his work which marks bestimmbare weiter Gebiete orogene Bewegung the commencement of a new era of German geographical Nordafrikas. A. Cornet behandelt in einer Arbeit thought which began in 1869. ?Essai sur du Grand Occidental PHydrogeologie Erg Moritz hat sehr viel fiir et des die Wagner die Geographie regions limitrophes" hydrogeologischen und ist doch einer der unbekanntesten Geo der bekannten Die geleistet Grundlagen Foggaras. Foggara des 19. Er ist der sind unterirdische Wasserkanale, die in zahlreichen graphen Jahrhunderts geblieben. Lehrer Friedrich Ratzels Al Gebieten Nordafrikas und dariiber hinaus im Orient geographische gewesen. lein dies beweist seine in der schon in friiher Zeit von den Eingeborenen angelegt Bedeutung Geographie. Er wurde am 3. Oktober 1813 in Bayreuth geboren. wurden und zur Bewasserung in Oasen dienen. Einen Sein alterer Bruder Rudolf (1805?1864), der 1840 sehr interessanten Beitrag hat /. Dubief mit seiner als vergleichender Anatom Blumenbachs Arbeit ?Le vent et le deplacement du sable au Sahara" Nachfolger in Gottingen wurde, ist der Vater des Geo geliefert. Unter Zugrundelegung sehr genauer Wind groEen graphen Hermann Wagner messungen wird das Problem des Sandtransportes in (1840?1929). Schon eine erste der bewies der Sahara untersucht, das schon in Oberpriifung Quellen Capot-Rey die Moritz in der Ge Band V, 1948, auf Grund von von wichtige Stellung Wagners Untersuchungen schichte der Eine Unter Bangold kritisch betrachtet hatte. Diese Arbeit ist ein Geographie. eingehende suchung zeigte das Wesen seiner Wie sehr wichtiger Beitrag zur Entstehung der Diinen in Leistung auf1). der Sahara und ihrerMorphologie. Zur Geophysik *) Hanno Beck: ?Moritz Wagner in der Geschichte der Geo Nordafrikas hat /. einen Lagrula Beitrag geliefert: graphie", Maschinendruck-Diss. (Mikrofilme), Marburg la reseau nord ? ?Sur prolongation gravimetrique (D4), 1951. Das Literaturverzeichnis enthalt auf S. 352 ft. au africain Sahara francais" und M. Lelubre betrach eine W&gner-Bibliographie, die 83 Arbeiten nachweist. 126 Erdkunde Band VII /. G. Kohl und Julius Frobel istWagner Reiseforscher der kleinen mittelamerikanischen Lander bis auf Carl und Geograph gewesen. Er lebte in den Jahren bis Sapper geblieben. Es ist neben dem landerkundlichen 1859 fast nur der Vorbereitung und Ausfiihrung von Meisterwerk der klassischen deutschen ? ? Geographie Forschungsreisen. Dazwischen schulte er sich in den Humboldts ?Essai politique" der grofite Bei Naturalienkabinetten und studierte in Gottingen bei trag dieser Epoche zur Geographie Mittelamerikas5). /. Fr. L. Hausmann (1782?1859), dem beruhmtesten Wagner war auch ein politisch-geographischer Lehrer der Geologie in Deutschland nach dem Tode Schriftsteller, der damals viel gelesen wurde, Er ist A. G. Werners. er Durch Hausmann wurde Wagner mit im Orient, als die Grenzgebiete von Persien, Rut von Carl Ritter bekannt, durch Leopold Buch mit land und der Tiirkei durchforschte, zum politischen von Alexander Humboldt. Ritter wie Humboldt ha Reisenden geworden, und er hat den Typ dieses Rei ben Wagner und seine Reiseziele beeinflulk2). Hum senden, der in jenen Gegenden entstand, pragen hel boldt und Moritz Wagner sind sich auch personlich fen.Wie Alexis de Tocqueville, Karl Friedrich Voll um zu begegnet, geographische Fragen besprechen. graff, Konstantin Frantz u. a. ahnte er schon vor 100 den Die Leistung Wagners als Reiseforscher ist bedeu Jahren kiinftigen Gegensatz Rufilands und der USA. Er ist der von tend. Es kann hier nur ein kurzer Abrifi gegeben wer einzige diesen Mannern, der beide Lander in diesem friihen den. Er veroffentlichte nach der Griindung des zwei Zeitpunkt personlich kannte und ten franzosischen Kolonialreiches (1830) den ersten geographisch vergleichen konnte. Auf seinen Reisen hat auch groftenwissenschaftlichen Bericht iiberAlgerien. Wah Wagner die Beobach die ihn zu seinem rend seiner Reise von 1836?1838 hat er genauestens tungen gesammelt, ?Migrations der fiihrten.Am in die Einwirkungen des franzosischen Kolonialsystems gesetz Organismen" Schelif Al hat er erstmals an vikariierenden auf das eroberte Land studiert. Sein dreibandiges gerien Arten die Reisewerk iibertrifftdurch seine Geschlossenheit alle arttrennende Wirkung einer Flufirinne erkannt. hat klassischen ahnlichen Darstellungen dieser Zeit3). Wagner, der Wagner der deutschen Geographie nicht nur Stoff er stets die Forsdiungsgeschichte der von ihm bereisten geliefert, hat auch die Entwicklung der In Gebiete griindlich studierte, hat viele Probleme ange Geographie gefordert. den entscheidenden Jah ren nach 1859 ist er der erste der sichmit deutet, die dann vor allem die franzosische Geogra Geograph, dem phie beschaftigten. 1842?1844 reiste Wagner im Darwinismus auseinandersetzt. Die Lehre Dar wins ist ihm zu Orient. Er hat zuerst genauer vom Goktschaisee und wenig raumlich begriindet. Darwin selbst hat Einwande Moritz vom Alagos berichtet, den er als zweiter bestieg. Er Wagners anerkannt. Ih rem Wesen erkannte die Vulkannatur des Ararat und wies zuerst nach sind sein Migrationsgesetz und des sen die auf die Eiszeitspuren auf diesem Berge hin. Er ist Fortbildung, Separationstheorie, eine geogra Kritik am Darwinismus. dabei der Entdecker der
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