DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of Pustular Mats and Related Rivularia-Rich Laminations in Oncoids from the Laguna Negra Lake

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of Pustular Mats and Related Rivularia-Rich Laminations in Oncoids from the Laguna Negra Lake Characterization of Pustular Mats and Related Rivularia-Rich Laminations in Oncoids From the Laguna Negra Lake (Argentina) Estela Mlewski, Céline Pisapia, Fernando Gomez, Léna Lecourt, Eliana Soto Rueda, Karim Benzerara, Bénédicte Ménez, Stephan Borensztajn, Frédéric Jamme, Matthieu Refregiers, et al. To cite this version: Estela Mlewski, Céline Pisapia, Fernando Gomez, Léna Lecourt, Eliana Soto Rueda, et al.. Char- acterization of Pustular Mats and Related Rivularia-Rich Laminations in Oncoids From the La- guna Negra Lake (Argentina). Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media, 2018, 9, pp.996 - 996. 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00996. hal-01824410 HAL Id: hal-01824410 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01824410 Submitted on 27 Jun 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 22 May 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00996 Characterization of Pustular Mats and Related Rivularia-Rich Laminations in Oncoids From the Laguna Negra Lake (Argentina) Estela C. Mlewski 1*†, Céline Pisapia 2,3†, Fernando Gomez 1, Lena Lecourt 2, Eliana Soto Rueda 1, Karim Benzerara 4, Bénédicte Ménez 2, Stephan Borensztajn 2, Frédéric Jamme 3, Matthieu Réfrégiers 3 and Emmanuelle Gérard 2* 1 Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Cordoba, Argentina, 2 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France, 3 Synchrotron SOLEIL, DISCO Beamline, Saint Aubin, France, 4 Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Edited by: Cosmochimie, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Christophe Dupraz, Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, Paris, France Stockholm University, Sweden Reviewed by: Stromatolites are organo-sedimentary structures that represent some of the oldest Virginia Helena Albarracín, Center for Electron Microscopy records of the early biosphere on Earth. Cyanobacteria are considered as a main (CIME), Argentina component of the microbial mats that are supposed to produce stromatolite-like John Senko, structures. Understanding the role of cyanobacteria and associated microorganisms University of Akron, United States on the mineralization processes is critical to better understand what can be preserved *Correspondence: Estela C. Mlewski in the laminated structure of stromatolites. Laguna Negra (Catamarca, Argentina), a [email protected] high-altitude hypersaline lake where stromatolites are currently formed, is considered Emmanuelle Gérard [email protected] as an analog environment of early Earth. This study aimed at characterizing carbonate precipitation within microbial mats and associated oncoids in Laguna Negra. In particular, †These authors have contributed equally to this work. we focused on carbonated black pustular mats. By combining Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Laser Microdissection and Whole Genome Specialty section: Amplification, Cloning and Sanger sequencing, and Focused Ion Beam milling for This article was submitted to Transmission Electron Microscopy, we showed that carbonate precipitation did not Aquatic Microbiology, a section of the journal directly initiate on the sheaths of cyanobacterial Rivularia, which dominate in the mat. Frontiers in Microbiology It occurred via organo-mineralization processes within a large EPS matrix excreted Received: 30 January 2018 by the diverse microbial consortium associated with Rivularia where diatoms and Accepted: 27 April 2018 Published: 22 May 2018 anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria were particularly abundant. By structuring a large Citation: microbial consortium, Rivularia should then favor the formation of organic-rich laminations Mlewski EC, Pisapia C, Gomez F, of carbonates that can be preserved in stromatolites. By using Fourier Transform Infrared Lecourt L, Soto Rueda E, spectroscopy and Synchrotron-based deep UV fluorescence imaging, we compared Benzerara K, Ménez B, Borensztajn S, Jamme F, Réfrégiers M and Gérard E laminations rich in structures resembling Rivularia to putatively chemically-precipitated (2018) Characterization of Pustular laminations in oncoids associated with the mats. We showed that they presented a Mats and Related Rivularia-Rich Laminations in Oncoids From the different mineralogy jointly with a higher content in organic remnants, hence providing Laguna Negra Lake (Argentina). some criteria of biogenicity to be searched for in the fossil record. Front. Microbiol. 9:996. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00996 Keywords: Rivularia, carbonate precipitation, oncoids, Andean lakes, pustular mats Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1 May 2018 | Volume 9 | Article 996 Mlewski et al. Rivularia-Rich Lamination Related to Pustular Andean-Microbialites INTRODUCTION The Laguna Negra is a high-altitude hypersaline lake in Catamarca, Argentina where extreme environmental conditions Microbialites record microbial activities and (i.e., high UV-radiation and extreme temperature, salinity, sedimentary processes under a lithified form (Walter et al., and water activity) restrict eukaryotic life. Lithification is 1972; Burne and Moore, 1987). Stromatolites are laminated controlled by environmental processes (Gomez et al., 2014) microbialites probably produced by lithification of microbial along with microbial mats where diatoms and anoxygenic mats (Knoll, 2003; Bosak et al., 2007). Yet, comparable phototrophic bacteria are abundant (Gomez et al., 2018). This stromatolite-like products can form abiotically, casting doubts latter work focused on the texture, mineralogy and stable isotope on the biological origin of some fossil stromatolites (Buick geochemistry of subfossil oncoids and related microbialites from et al., 1981; Grotzinger and Knoll, 1999). Stromatolites are the Laguna Negra stromatolite belt. This belt mostly consists of pervasive in the Precambrian fossil record. They can be traced carbonated laminar crusts, stromatolites and oncoids. Different back to the early Archean, 3.43 billion years (Awramik and types of carbonate laminations were identified within the oncoids Sprinkle, 1999; Allwood et al., 2006) and even 3.7 billion years based on their texture (e.g., micritic, sparry, botryoidal, tufted ago (Nutman et al., 2016). Understanding the mechanisms of filament-rich palisade fabrics). These different laminations were stromatolite formation is thus mandatory for the quest of the partly associated with different microbial communities (i.e., oldest traces of life on Earth and for documenting the early Earth stratified pink colored, greenish and black pustular mats; Gomez environment. Notably, it is important to decipher the role played et al., 2018). Interestingly, laminations with calcified Rivularia- by microbial activity on the lithification processes. Microbial like cyanobacterial filaments showing tufted palisade fabrics metabolisms known to favor carbonate precipitation (by reaching were found alternating with micritic and botryoidal laminations. supersaturation with respect to carbonates through increased Consequently, potential changes in the microbial community alkalinity) include oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis, could possibly be recorded within the oncoids as different types ureolysis, ammonification, denitrification, sulfate and iron of laminations. reduction, anaerobic sulfide oxidation, or methane oxidation The main objectives of this study were (i) to investigate (Dupraz and Visscher, 2005; Dupraz et al., 2009; Zhu and at Laguna Negra the potential role of a microbial consortium Dittrich, 2016). In addition, microbial exopolymeric substances forming the black pustular mat (BP) on the initiation of (EPS), consisting of a mixture of carbohydrates, proteins and carbonate precipitation and lamination formation and (ii) to nucleic acids, may promote or inhibit solid carbonate formation identify biogenicity criteria for the corresponding laminations (e.g., Benzerara et al., 2006), possibly depending on their in subfossil oncoids. By jointly using Confocal Laser Scanning divalent-cation binding capacity (Braissant et al., 2007; Glunk Microscopy (CLSM), Scanning and Transmission Electron et al., 2011). Among other phyla, cyanobacteria are important Microscopy (SEM/TEM) associated with Energy Dispersive X- producers of EPS in microbialites (e.g., Foster et al., 2009) ray Spectrometry (EDXS) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling, and it has long been suggested that the formation of some as well as phylogenetic analyses on the bulk BP mat and on ancient stromatolites was mediated by oxygenic photosynthesis laser microdissected mat cells, we highlighted the presence of performed by cyanobacteria (Arp et al., 2001; Aloisi et al., an interesting microbial consortium associated with Rivularia 2006; Altermann et al., 2006; Riding, 2006). However, several filaments that triggers carbonate precipitation in the BP mats. studies have indicated that primary production in stromatolites In parallel, we determined the composition of the corresponding could be partly
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prokaryotic Community Successions and Interactions in Marine Biofilms
    Prokaryotic community successions and interactions in marine biofilms: the key role of Flavobacteriia Thomas Pollet, Lyria Berdjeb, Cédric Garnier, Gaël Durrieu, Christophe Le Poupon, Benjamin Misson, Jean-François Briand To cite this version: Thomas Pollet, Lyria Berdjeb, Cédric Garnier, Gaël Durrieu, Christophe Le Poupon, et al.. Prokary- otic community successions and interactions in marine biofilms: the key role of Flavobacteriia. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Wiley-Blackwell, 2018, 94 (6), 10.1093/femsec/fiy083. hal-02024255 HAL Id: hal-02024255 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02024255 Submitted on 2 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Prokaryotic community successions and interactions in marine biofilms: the key role of Flavobacteriia Thomas Pollet, Lyria Berdjeb, Cédric Garnier, Gaël Durrieu, Christophe Le Poupon, Benjamin Misson, Jean-François Briand To cite this version: Thomas Pollet, Lyria Berdjeb, Cédric Garnier, Gaël Durrieu, Christophe
    [Show full text]
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • TRAVERTINE-MARL DEPOSITS of the VALLEY and RIDGE PROVINCE of VIRGINIA - a PRELIMINARY REPORT David A
    - Vol. 31 February 1985 No. 1 TRAVERTINE-MARL DEPOSITS OF THE VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE OF VIRGINIA - A PRELIMINARY REPORT David A. Hubbard, Jr.1, William F. Gianninil and Michelle M. Lorah2 The travertine and marl deposits of Virginia's Valley and Ridge province are the result of precipitation of calcium carbonate from fresh water streams and springs. Travertine is white to light yellowish brown and has a massive or concretionary structure. Buildups of this material tend to form cascades or waterfalls along streams (Figure 1). Marl refers to white to dark yellowish brown, loose, earthy deposits of calcium carbonate (Figure 2). Deposits of these carbonate materials are related and have formed during the Quaternary period. This preliminary report is a compilation of some litei-ature and observations of these materials. A depositional model is proposed. These deposits have long been visited by man. Projectile points, pottery fragments, and firepits record the visitation of American Indians to Frederick and Augusta county sites. Thomas Jefferson (1825) wrote an account of the Falling Spring Falls from a visit prior to 1781. Aesthetic and economic considerations eontinue to attract interest in these deposits. 'Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Charlot- Figure 1. Travertine waterfall and cascade series tesville, VA on Falling Springs Creek, Alleghany County, 2Department of Environmental Sciences, Univer- Virginia. Note man standing in center of left sity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA margin. 2 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Vol. 31 Figure 2. An extensive marl deposit located in Figure 3. Rimstone dam form resulting from Frederick County, Virginia. Stream, in fore- precipitation of calcium carbonate in Mill Creek, ground, has incised and drained the deposit.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Newly Acquired, Virulent And
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative proteomic profling of newly acquired, virulent and attenuated Neoparamoeba perurans proteins associated with amoebic gill disease Kerrie Ní Dhufaigh1*, Eugene Dillon2, Natasha Botwright3, Anita Talbot1, Ian O’Connor1, Eugene MacCarthy1 & Orla Slattery4 The causative agent of amoebic gill disease, Neoparamoeba perurans is reported to lose virulence during prolonged in vitro maintenance. In this study, the impact of prolonged culture on N. perurans virulence and its proteome was investigated. Two isolates, attenuated and virulent, had their virulence assessed in an experimental trial using Atlantic salmon smolts and their bacterial community composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Soluble proteins were isolated from three isolates: a newly acquired, virulent and attenuated N. perurans culture. Proteins were analysed using two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The challenge trial using naïve smolts confrmed a loss in virulence in the attenuated N. perurans culture. A greater diversity of bacterial communities was found in the microbiome of the virulent isolate in contrast to a reduction in microbial community richness in the attenuated microbiome. A collated proteome database of N. perurans, Amoebozoa and four bacterial genera resulted in 24 proteins diferentially expressed between the three cultures. The present LC–MS/ MS results indicate protein synthesis, oxidative stress and immunomodulation are upregulated in a newly acquired N. perurans culture and future studies may exploit these protein identifcations for therapeutic purposes in infected farmed fsh. Neoparamoeba perurans is an ectoparasitic protozoan responsible for the hyperplastic gill infection of marine cultured fnfsh referred to as amoebic gill disease (AGD)1.
    [Show full text]
  • Prokaryotic Diversity and Biogeochemical Characteristics of Benthic Microbial Ecosystems at La Brava, a Hypersaline Lake at Salar De Atacama, Chile
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Prokaryotic diversity and biogeochemical characteristics of benthic microbial ecosystems at La Brava, a hypersaline lake at Salar de Atacama, Chile Maria Eugenia Farias1*, Maria Cecilia Rasuk1, Kimberley L. Gallagher4, Manuel Contreras2, Daniel Kurth1, Ana Beatriz Fernandez1, Daniel Poire 3, Fernando Novoa2, Pieter T. Visscher4,5 a1111111111 1 Laboratorio de Investigaciones MicrobioloÂgicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales MicrobioloÂgicos (PROIMI), CCT-TucumaÂn, CONICET, TucumaÂn, Argentina, 2 Centro de a1111111111 EcologõÂa Aplicada (CEA), NÄ uñoa, Santiago, Chile, 3 Centro de Investigaciones GeoloÂgicas, Universidad a1111111111 Nacional de La Plata-Conicet, La Plata, Argentina, 4 Department of Marine Sciences, University of a1111111111 Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America, 5 Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University a1111111111 of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Farias ME, Rasuk MC, Gallagher KL, Contreras M, Kurth D, Fernandez AB, et al. (2017) Benthic microbial ecosystems of Laguna La Brava, Salar de Atacama, a high altitude hyper- Prokaryotic diversity and biogeochemical saline lake, were characterized in terms of bacterial and archaeal diversity, biogeochem- characteristics of benthic microbial ecosystems at istry, (including O2 and sulfide depth profiles and mineralogy), and physicochemical La Brava, a hypersaline lake at Salar de Atacama, characteristics. La Brava is one of several lakes in the Salar de Atacama where microbial Chile. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0186867. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0186867 communities are growing in extreme conditions, including high salinity, high solar insolation, and high levels of metals such as lithium, arsenic, magnesium, and calcium. Evaporation Editor: Stefan J.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbialite Genetic Diversity and Composition Relate to Environmental Variables Carla M
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Microbialite genetic diversity and composition relate to environmental variables Carla M. Centeno1, Pierre Legendre2, Yislem Beltra´ n1, Rocı´o J. Alca´ ntara-Herna´ ndez1, Ulrika E. Lidstro¨ m3, Matthew N. Ashby3 & Luisa I. Falco´ n1 1Instituto de Ecologı´a, Universidad Nacional Auto´ noma de Me´ xico, Mexico City, Mexico; 2De´ partement de Sciences Biologiques, Universite´ de Montre´ al, Montre´ al, QC, Canada; and 3Taxon Biosciences, Inc., Tiburon, CA, USA Correspondence: Luisa I. Falco´ n, Instituto de Abstract Ecologı´a, Universidad Nacional Auto´ noma de Me´ xico, 3er Circuito Exterior sn, Ciudad Microbialites have played an important role in the early history of life on Universitaria, Del. Coyoaca´ n, Mexico D.F. Earth. Their fossilized forms represent the oldest evidence of life on our planet 04510. Tel.: +52 55 5622 8222, ext. 46869; dating back to 3500 Ma. Extant microbialites have been suggested to be highly fax: 52 55 5622 8995; e-mail: productive and diverse communities with an evident role in the cycling of [email protected] major elements, and in contributing to carbonate precipitation. Although their ecological and evolutionary importance has been recognized, the study of their Received 30 March 2012; revised 28 June 2012; accepted 29 June 2012. genetic diversity is yet scanty. The main goal of this study was to analyse Final version published online 2 August 2012. microbial genetic diversity of microbialites living in different types of environ- ments throughout Mexico, including desert ponds, coastal lagoons and a DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01447.x crater-lake. We followed a pyrosequencing approach of hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Reservoir and Source Potential of Eocene Microbialites, Green River Formation, USA
    Reservoir and Source Potential of Eocene Microbialites, Green River Formation, USA by Copyright © 2015 Nicholas Cestari Submitted to the Department of Geology and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Advisory Committee: Alison Olcott Marshall, Chair Craig P. Marshall Eugene C. Rankey Date Defended: 12/2/2015 The Thesis Committee for Nicholas Cestari certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Reservoir and Source Potential of Eocene Microbialites, Green River Formation, USA ___________________________________ Alison Olcott Marshall, Ph.D., Chairperson Date Approved: 12/2/2015 ii ABSTRACT In recent years, large petroleum discoveries within the lacustrine microbialite facies of pre-salt systems of offshore Brazil, Angola, and Gabon have increased interest in the potential of microbial carbonates as reservoir rocks. Whereas a multitude of studies have been conducted on microbialites and the associated lacustrine facies separately, there is still little known regarding whether there are definitive dissimilarities between the geochemical footprints of microbialites and associated lithofacies within a system. To explore this unknown, organic geochemistry was evaluated with the aim of comparing the microbialite facies (stromatolites and thrombolites) with the associated lacustrine carbonates (dolomitic marlstone, ooid grainstone, peloidal packstone and wackestone) to test if there are dissimilarities in regard to reservoir and source potential. Specifically, the goal is to understand the petroleum significance of lacustrine microbialites deposited in various lake conditions. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and extractable organic material were analyzed for microbialite and associated lacustrine lithofacies in the Green River Formation of Colorado and Utah.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Holocene Climate Variability in South- Central Chile: a Lacustrine Record of Southern Westerly Wind Dynamics
    Late Holocene Climate Variability in South- Central Chile: a Lacustrine Record of Southern Westerly Wind Dynamics. Jonas Vandenberghe ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thanks Prof. Dr. Marc De Batist for the support and supervision of my thesis and for providing this interesting subject as a master thesis project. He was always available for questions and added meaningful corrections and insights on more difficult topics. Special thanks goes to my advisor Willem Vandoorne for his endless support, corrections and answers to my questions in both the lab and during the writing of my thesis. Also I would like to thank other researchers at RCMG especially Maarten and Katrien for very useful explanations and discussions. I am very thankful for the help of all other personel who, directly or indirectly, contributed to this work. Prof. Dr. Eddy Keppens, Leen and Michael from the VUB for their efforts during the carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis and Rieneke Gielens for her great help with the XRF core scanning at NIOZ. Finally I would like to thank my parents for their support and my girlfriend Celine for coping with me when I was under stress and for providing solutions to all kinds of problems. 1 SAMENVATTING In de laatste decennia was er een opmerkelijke stijging van onderzoek in klimaat reconstructies van de voorbije 1000 jaar. Deze reconstructies moeten een bijdrage leveren aan het begrijpen van de recente klimaatsveranderingen. Klimaatsreconstructies van het laatste millennium kunnen informatie geven over de significantie van deze stijgende trend, de oorzaak van de opwarming en de invloed ervan op andere omgeveingsmechanismes op Aarde.
    [Show full text]
  • Targeting of Flavobacterium Johnsoniae Proteins for Secretion by the Type IX Secretion System Surashree Sunil Kulkarni University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
    University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2017 Targeting of Flavobacterium Johnsoniae Proteins for Secretion By the Type IX Secretion System Surashree Sunil Kulkarni University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Kulkarni, Surashree Sunil, "Targeting of Flavobacterium Johnsoniae Proteins for Secretion By the Type IX Secretion System" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1501. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1501 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TARGETING OF FLAVOBACTERIUM JOHNSONIAE PROTEINS FOR SECRETION BY THE TYPE IX SECRETION SYSTEM by Surashree S. Kulkarni A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2017 ABSTRACT TARGETING OF FLAVOBACTERIUM JOHNSONIAE PROTEINS FOR SECRETION BY THE TYPE IX SECRETION SYSTEM by Surashree S. Kulkarni The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2017 Under the Supervision of Dr. Mark J. McBride Flavobacterium johnsoniae and many related bacteria secrete proteins across the outer membrane using the type IX secretion system (T9SS). Proteins secreted by T9SSs have amino-terminal signal peptides for export across the cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec system and carboxy-terminal domains (CTDs) targeting them for secretion across the outer membrane by the T9SS. Most but not all T9SS CTDs belong to family TIGR04183 (type A CTDs).
    [Show full text]
  • Stromatolites of the Belt Series in Glacier National Park and Vicinity, Montana
    Stromatolites of the Belt Series in Glacier National Park and Vicinity, Montana By RICHARD REZAK SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 294-D Descriptions of eight zones of Precambrian stromatolites, including two new forms, based on a revised method of classification UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1957 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Abstract 127 S tratigraphy—Continued Introduction 127 Stromatolite zones—Continued Previous investigations 127 Ravalli group—Continued Page Present investigation 127 Grinnell argillite 136 Area of investigation 128 Collenia undosa zone 1 136 Acknowledgments 129 Piegan group 137 Classification of stromatolites 129 Siyeh limestone 137 General 129 Collenia symmetrica zone 1 137 Previous classifications 130 Conophyton zone 1 138 Pres* ent classification 131 Collenia multiflabella zone 138 Generic distinction 131 Missoula group 139 Specific characteristics 131 Collenia undosa zone 2 139 Gross form of colony 131 zone 2 139 Nature of the laminae 132 Collenia symmetrica Size of colony 132 Conophyton zone 2 140 Types 132 Ecology 141 Key to the identification of stromatolites in the Belt Modern environments 141 series 132 Origin of stromatolites 146 Descriptions of genera and species 132 Paleoecology 147 Genus Cryptozoon Hall 132 Collenia frequens zone 147 Genus Collenia Walcott 133 Newlandia lamellosa 147 Genus Newlandia Walcott 134 Collenia undosa zones 147 Genus Conophyton Maslov 135 Collenia symmetrica zones 148 Stratigraphy 135 zones 148 General 135 Conophyton Stromatolite zones 136 Collenia multiflabella zone 148 Ravalli group 136 Conclusions 149 Altyn limestone 136 Selected bibliography 149 Collenia frequens zone 136 Index 153 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 19-24 follow page 154] Page PLATE 18.
    [Show full text]
  • Disease of Aquatic Organisms 73:43
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 73: 43–47, 2006 Published November 21 Dis Aquat Org Concentration effects of Winogradskyella sp. on the incidence and severity of amoebic gill disease Sridevi Embar-Gopinath*, Philip Crosbie, Barbara F. Nowak School of Aquaculture and Aquafin CRC, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia ABSTRACT: To study the concentration effects of the bacterium Winogradskyella sp. on amoebic gill disease (AGD), Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were pre-exposed to 2 different doses (108 or 1010 cells l–1) of Winogradskyella sp. before being challenged with Neoparamoeba spp. Exposure of fish to Winogradskyella sp. caused a significant increase in the percentage of AGD-affected filaments com- pared with controls challenged with Neoparamoeba only; however, these percentages did not increase significantly with an increase in bacterial concentration. The results show that the presence of Winogradskyella sp. on salmonid gills can increase the severity of AGD. KEY WORDS: Neoparamoeba · Winogradskyella · Amoebic gill disease · AGD · Gill bacteria · Bacteria dose · Salmon disease Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION Winogradskyella is a recently established genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae, and currently Amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon contains 4 recognised members: W. thalassicola, W. Salmo salar L. is one of the significant problems faced epiphytica and W. eximia isolated from algal frond sur- by the south-eastern aquaculture industries in Tasma- faces in the Sea of Japan (Nedashkovskaya et al. 2005), nia. The causative agent of AGD is Neoparamoeba and W. poriferorum isolated from the surface of a spp. (reviewed by Munday et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Science of Tufa What Is Travertine Travertine Point
    A8 Saturday, January 10, 2015 Imperial Valley Press Land of Extremes QUESTIONS? Contact Local Content Editor Richard Montenegro Brown at [email protected] or 760-337-3453. DEPOSITS ARE STILL VISIBLE TODAY Blake’s Sea or Lake Cahuilla? BY NEAL V. HITCH | Special to this Newspaper/Imperial Valley n 1858, Dr. William Blake recoded the shoreline of an ancient lake in the Imperial Valley while completing a rail- road survey. He noted a discoloration of the rock along the western shore at around 40 feet above sea level. He named it Lake Cahuilla, though early writers also called it Blake’s Sea. IAccording to a 1995 article shells. Calcium carbonate is written by Pat Laflin, Con- difficult to dissolve in water. gress authorized a series of In warm water, it reacts with surveys in 1843 to discover a the environment becoming practical railroad route to the increasingly insoluble until it Pacific. precipitates out of the solu- A topographic engineer, tion. named Lt. K.S. Williamson, Under different tempera- led the southern expedition, ture conditions, it naturally and Professor William R. takes the crystalline form of Blake of New York served as calcite or aragonite. geologist. Basically, tiny solid parti- Professor Blake was the cles fall out of the water solu- first to explain the origin of tion and collect on rocks. the Salton Sink. Aragonite is precipitated As the survey party moved when temperatures are hot, from the San Gorgonio Pass and calcite precipitates when to the Coachella Valley, Blake temperatures are cooler. noticed the mark of the an- Scientists are studying the cient sea along the base of impact of small micro bac- the Santa Rosa Mountains.
    [Show full text]