DOCSLIB.ORG

Hellman-And-Mccoy.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hellman-And-Mccoy.Pdf SUSAN HELLMAN AND MADDY MCCOY Soil Tilled by Free Men The Formation of a Free Black Community in Fairfax County, Virginia eorge Washington’s death in December of 1799 sparked a revolu- tionary chain of events that transformed a small corner of Fairfax GCounty, Virginia, from an assemblage of slave labor plantations into a successful community based on free labor. Washington’s remarkable decision to emancipate his slaves led to the creation of a racially diverse and harmonious community that thrived economically during the antebellum period while the rest of Fairfax County struggled. Four decades after Washington’s death, the efforts of free black families and an influx of pro- gressive northerners ensured this community’s continuing survival. Together this remarkable society managed to navigate and endure the turmoil and strife of the Civil War, emerging poised for a successful postwar Recon- struction. The narrative begins in 1674, when Nicholas Spencer and John Washington, George Washington’s great-grandfather, received a patent for approximately 5,000 acres along the Potomac River in what later became Fairfax County. The Spencers and Washingtons divided the tract into rough- ly equal shares in 1690. John Washington’s granddaughter, Mildred Washington, eventually came into possession of the Washington half of the grant, later selling it to her brother, Augustine Washington, in 1726. Augustine Washington, George Washington’s father, constructed the dwelling that was later to be called Mount Vernon on this land in 1735. George Washington’s older half-brother Lawrence Washington inherited the Susan Hellman is the Historic Site Manager of Carlyle House Historic Park and former Acting Director of Woodlawn and Pope-Leighey. Maddy McCoy is a Founding Director of History Revealed, Inc. VIRGINIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOL. 125 • NO. 1 40 • Virginia Magazine property in 1743, naming it Mount Vernon after his commanding officer in the British Navy. Upon Lawrence’s death in 1752, George Washington inherited a managing interest in the estate. As a residuary heir, Washington came into full ownership of Mount Vernon after the deaths of Lawrence’s daughter in 1754 and his widow in 1761. Between 1752 and 1799, Washington expanded Mount Vernon to approximately 7,600 acres.1 Washington divided portions of his estate into five separate farms: Mansion, River, Union, Muddy Hole, and Dogue Run. In 1799, he set aside 2,000 acres from his Dogue Run Farm as well as part of his “chappel lands” as a bequest to his nephew, Lawrence Lewis, and Lewis’s bride, Eleanor “Nelly” Parke Custis. Nelly was Martha Washington’s granddaughter, who had been raised by the Washingtons at Mount Vernon along with her younger brother, George Washington “Washy” Parke Custis. The children’s mother, Eleanor Calvert Custis, suffered from poor health after their births, and their father, John Parke Custis, died at Yorktown in 1781 when Nelly was four and Washy was less than a year old. The Washingtons adopted the two children in 1781, raising them as their own. The 2,000-acre bequest to Lawrence and Nelly Lewis ensured that the couple would reside near the Washingtons at Mount Vernon. The Lewises completed construction of a grand mansion in 1805 and named their plantation Woodlawn. This 2,000-acre tract of land would ultimately become the nucleus of the free labor community.2 George Washington utilized slave labor to work his farms. He became a slaveholder at age eleven, inheriting ten slaves upon his father’s death. He inherited more slaves from his half-brother Lawrence’s estate, six in 1754 and five more in 1762. By the time of the American Revolution, Washington had purchased at least sixty additional slaves. In the summer of 1799, he conducted a census that listed all of the enslaved individuals residing on the Mount Vernon estate. This 1799 slave census is an invaluable document as it is a snapshot of the entire enslaved Mount Vernon population, their ages, family structure, trades, and farms of residence. Importantly, George Opposite page: This map, published in 1801, shows the five farms that belonged to George Washington in 1793. (Library of Congress) Hellman and McCoy—Soil Tilled by Free Men • 41 42 • Virginia Magazine Washington also recorded whether they were dower slaves, his slaves, or the hired slaves of his neighbor, Mrs. French. Included on the census was a Washington slave woman named Linney, a twenty-seven-year-old mother of two small children: Bartley and Matilda, whose descendants still live in the Mount Vernon vicinity. Linney and her two children resided on the Dogue Run Farm. Altogether there were 316 enslaved residents of Mount Vernon; 123 belonged to George Washington, 40 hired from Mrs. French, and 153 belonged to Martha Washington. These 153 individuals, commonly referred to as the dower slaves, were inherited by Martha Washington from her first husband, Daniel Parke Custis. Because Custis died without a will in 1757, Virginia law gave his young widow a life interest in one-third of his estate, including the slaves, all of whom had to be divided among any remaining heirs of her first husband when she died, whether she was remarried or not. The dower slaves, as well as those rented from Mrs. French, lived and worked alongside George Washington’s slaves at Mount Vernon, marrying with them, having children, and building families. Despite the close knit nature of this community, the legal distinction between dower and Washington slaves at Mount Vernon would end up making a crucial differ- ence at the death of George Washington. Although he could manage his wife’s dower slaves, Virginia law prohibited him from making decisions regarding their sale or potential manumission. When Washington wrote his will in 1799, he directed that his slaves be emancipated upon the death of Martha Washington. He did not have the right to free Martha Washington’s dower slaves, as they were legally the property of Daniel Parke Custis’s estate. However, George Washington’s slaves did not have to wait for his wife’s death to be freed. For reasons that are not entirely clear, she deeded them their freedom effective 1 January 1801. According to Pennsylvanian con- gressman Horace Binney, the Mount Vernon slaves may have attempted to set fire to the mansion house shortly after General Washington’s death. But upon Martha’s death in 1802, all of her dower slaves were partitioned local- ly among the four Custis heirs-at-law; none were granted their freedom. In keeping with Virginia law, George Washington’s 1799 will stipulated that emancipated minors, who were either orphaned or whose parents were unable to provide for them, were to learn a trade and be taught how to read and write. Nineteen years after Washington’s death, however, the Virginia Hellman and McCoy—Soil Tilled by Free Men • 43 George Washington’s (1732–1799) emancipation of his slaves in his will set off a chain of events that led to the formation of a free black community in Fairfax County. (Virginia Historical Society, 1857.2_AfterCons) General Assembly outlawed teaching any free person of color to read and write. This new restriction on educating the free black populace in Virginia meant that the former Washington slaves had an uncommon two-decade window of educational opportunity not afforded to many other free blacks.3 Many of Washington’s 123 former slaves remained in the general vicini- ty of the Mount Vernon estate, as they had family members who remained enslaved either at Mount Vernon itself or on farms in the surrounding area. Washington’s will directed that those former slaves who wanted to stay on the estate be provided for until their deaths. Former bondsman William Lee was a perfect example. Lee had served as Washington’s valet at Mount Vernon and during the Revolutionary War. After Washington’s death, he and his brother Frank were two of the few emancipated individuals who chose to remain on the estate. He became a popular source of stories and anecdotes to the burgeoning Mount Vernon tourist trade. The Washington estate pro- vided housing and employment for the Lee brothers until their deaths— Frank in 1821 and William in 1828.4 44 • Virginia Magazine Traditionally, little has been known about the dispersal of the former slaves who chose not to accept the estate’s support. However, the 1812 per- sonal property tax list for Truro Parish includes a separate listing for “free blacks at Free Town,” six households in all. All of the Mount Vernon estate lay in Fairfax County’s Truro Parish except for River Farm, which lay in Fairfax Parish. The listing for Free Town is the earliest known recorded reference to a free black settlement in Fairfax County. All of the individuals listed as residing in Free Town in 1812 are also listed together on the 1811 Truro Parish personal property tax list, but they are identified there as “General Washington’s free negroes.” Nat Bowman appears on this Free Town listing. The 1799 Mount Vernon slave census lists Nat as a blacksmith residing on the Dogue Run Farm with his wife Lucy, a dower slave. According to the stipulation of Martha Washington’s will, Lucy would have been bequeathed to one of Martha’s heirs and therefore could not join her husband at Free Town. Unfortunately, the exact location of Free Town is unknown. However, the fact that the Free Town inhabitants are referred to as “General Washington’s free negroes” in 1811 implies that Free Town was on or near the Mount Vernon estate.5 Between 1799 and 1806, at least forty-six enslaved individuals were emancipated outright by deeds of manumission in Fairfax County.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Battle to Interpret Arlington House, 1921–1937,” by Michael B
    Welcome to a free reading from Washington History: Magazine of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. As we chose this week’s reading, news stories continued to swirl about commemorative statues, plaques, street names, and institutional names that amplify white supremacy in America and in DC. We note, as the Historical Society fulfills its mission of offering thoughtful, researched context for today’s issues, that a key influence on the history of commemoration has come to the surface: the quiet, ladylike (in the anachronistic sense) role of promoters of the southern “Lost Cause” school of Civil War interpretation. Historian Michael Chornesky details how federal officials fended off southern supremacists (posing as preservationists) on how to interpret Arlington House, home of George Washington’s adopted family and eventually of Confederate commander Robert E. Lee. “Confederate Island upon the Union’s ‘Most Hallowed Ground’: The Battle to Interpret Arlington House, 1921–1937,” by Michael B. Chornesky. “Confederate Island” first appeared in Washington History 27-1 (spring 2015), © Historical Society of Washington, D.C. Access via JSTOR* to the entire run of Washington History and its predecessor, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, is a benefit of membership in the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. at the Membership Plus level. Copies of this and many other back issues of Washington History magazine are available for browsing and purchase online through the DC History Center Store: https://dchistory.z2systems.com/np/clients/dchistory/giftstore.jsp ABOUT THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. The Historical Society of Washington, D.C., is a non-profit, 501(c)(3), community-supported educational and research organization that collects, interprets, and shares the history of our nation's capital in order to promote a sense of identity, place and pride in our city and preserve its heritage for future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomination Form
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Woodlawn Cultural Landscape Historic District Other names/site number: DHR File No.: 029-5181 Name of related multiple property listing: N/A (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: Bounded by Old Mill Rd, Mt Vernon Memorial Hwy, Fort Belvoir, and Dogue Creek City or town: Alexandria State: VA County: Fairfax Not For Publication: N/A Vicinity: X ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional
    [Show full text]
  • Something to Celebrate
    Washingto Pn ap ers WINTER 2017 Something to Celebrate Mary Wigge , researCh editor June represents a month of beginnings for us at The Washington 25 years old. We have yet to find any documents before that time Papers. Martha Washington was born on June 2, 1731—her frame. This discovery will require us to examine, in greater depth, birthday is always an occasion for celebration. We also recognize her parents and siblings; the history of New Kent County, where the creation of the Martha Washington Papers project in that she spent her youth; and women’s history in colonial Virginia. month. So on June 30, 2016, we met Researching these topics will provide to review our progress over the past us a greater understanding of Martha’s year and to discuss how we will proceed. childhood and her surroundings, as well as her idea of women’s roles in Our first year has been one of the household. exploration and discovery. We reached out to over 2,600 repositories, scouring The document search is just the begin - every possible archive that might house ning. Transcription, research and anno - a Martha Washington document. tation, and publication are equally We found approximately 550 letters to important in documentary editing. We and from Martha, around 130 of are now rolling ahead with transcrip - which have never before been published. tion and proofreading the document images. As we continue transcribing, we Many of the documents are located at will begin preliminary research on the major institutions—the Library of Chestnut Grove, individuals, places, and topics that sur - Congress, the Virginia Historical the birthplace and childhood home of Martha Washington.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Virginia
    NORTHERN VIRGINIA SALAMANDER RESORT & SPA Middleburg WHAT’S NEW American soldiers in the U.S. Army helped create our nation and maintain its freedom, so it’s only fitting that a museum near the U.S. capital should showcase their history. The National Museum of the United States Army, the only museum to cover the entire history of the Army, opened on Veterans Day 2020. Exhibits include hundreds of artifacts, life-sized scenes re- creating historic battles, stories of individual soldiers, a 300-degree theater with sensory elements, and an experiential learning center. Learn and honor. ASK A LOCAL SPITE HOUSE Alexandria “Small downtown charm with all the activities of a larger city: Manassas DID YOU KNOW? is steeped in history and We’ve all wanted to do it – something spiteful that didn’t make sense but, adventure for travelers. DOWNTOWN by golly, it proved a point! In 1830, Alexandria row-house owner John MANASSAS With an active railway Hollensbury built a seven-foot-wide house in an alley next to his home just system, it’s easy for to spite the horse-drawn wagons and loiterers who kept invading the alley. visitors to enjoy the historic area while also One brick wall in the living room even has marks from wagon-wheel hubs. traveling to Washington, D.C., or Richmond The two-story Spite House is only 25 feet deep and 325 square feet, but on an Amtrak train or daily commuter rail.” NORTHERN — Debbie Haight, Historic Manassas, Inc. VIRGINIA delightfully spiteful! INSTAGRAM- HIDDEN GEM PET- WORTHY The menu at Sperryville FRIENDLY You’ll start snapping Trading Company With a name pictures the moment features favorite like Beer Hound you arrive at the breakfast and lunch Brewery, you know classic hunt-country comfort foods: sausage it must be dog exterior of the gravy and biscuits, steak friendly.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Francis Wright
    Major Francis Wright, son, John Wright I, and grandson, John Wright II Summary by Michelle Fansler written 28 May 2019 using source: Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. 4 No. 8 January, 1923 “The Washington-Wright Connection and Some Descendants of Major Francis and Anne (Washington) Wright” by Charles Arthur Hoppin https://books.google.com/books?id=BbNYAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_ r&cad=0#v=thumbnail&q&f=false Major Francis Wright (1659-1713, 53 years) Childhood: According to the article written in the link above Francis Wright's father, Richard Wright, died when Francis was less than five years old. His guardian, Nicholas Spencer, who was the Secretary of the Virginia Colony for ten years from 1679-1689 was "second in rank only to the Governor." Francis received an education for the law and visited England with his Uncle Nicholas Spencer. (Francis Wright’s mother, Anne Mottrom Wright, was sister to Frances Mottrom Spencer who married Nicholas Spencer.) Property: When Francis Wright was 18 years old he received 1400 acres fronting the Potomac river and flanked by Nomini bay and Lower Machodoc river where he lived for 35 years making improvements. He started serving as justice of the peace of the county Westmoreland, Virginia around age 24. He married Anne Washington, sister of Lawrence Washington (grandfather of Pres. George Washington). She received an inheritance of 1400 acres also. Character: Francis Wright “was active, influential and comfortable, always appearing in the records as a man who upheld the prestige of his caste and insisted upon his rights; but, as to his service in official positions, he has left evidence of that consideration for others less fortunate than himself which characterizes a true gentleman” (Hoppin 155).
    [Show full text]
  • Henry Woodhouse Collection Relating to George Washington [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress. [PDF Rendered Mon Jan 12 09:47:32 E
    Henry Woodhouse Collection Relating to George Washington A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2011 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms011233 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm76057133 Prepared by Wilhelmena B. Curry Collection Summary Title: Henry Woodhouse Collection Relating to George Washington Span Dates: 1656-1930 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1825-1887) ID No.: MSS57133 Collector: Woodhouse, Henry, 1884- Extent: 4,500 items ; 7 containers plus 1 oversize ; 2.8 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Editor and author. Correspondence, deeds, wills, testaments, indentures, bonds, surveys, maps, plats, financial and legal records, clippings, and other papers relating principally to George Washington, the Washington family, and its descendants. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 1734-1797. Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794. Washington family. Washington, Augustine, approximately 1694-1743. Washington, George Corbin, 1789-1854. Washington, George, 1732-1799--Family. Washington, George, 1732-1799. Washington, H. A. (Henry Augustine), 1820-1858. Washington, Lawrence, 1718-1752. Washington, Robert James, 1841- Washington, William Augustine, 1757-1810. Woodhouse, Henry, 1884- Subjects Land grants--Virginia--Westmoreland County. Places Wakefield (Westmoreland County, Va.) Occupations Authors. Editors.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Life in the Early Republic: a Machine-Readable Transcription
    Library of Congress Social life in the early republic vii PREFACE peared to them, or recall the quaint figures of Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and Mrs. Madison in old age, or the younger faces of Cora Livingston, Adèle Cutts, Mrs. Gardiner G. Howland, and Madame de Potestad. To those who have aided her with personal recollections or valuable family papers and letters the author makes grateful acknowledgment, her thanks being especially due to Mrs. Samuel Phillips Lee, Mrs. Beverly Kennon, Mrs. M. E. Donelson Wilcox, Miss Virginia Mason, Mr. James Nourse and the Misses Nourse of the Highlands, to Mrs. Robert K. Stone, Miss Fanny Lee Jones, Mrs. Semple, Mrs. Julia F. Snow, Mr. J. Henley Smith, Mrs. Thompson H. Alexander, Miss Rosa Mordecai, Mrs. Harriot Stoddert Turner, Miss Caroline Miller, Mrs. T. Skipwith Coles, Dr. James Dudley Morgan, and Mr. Charles Washington Coleman. A. H. W. Philadelphia, October, 1902. ix CONTENTS Chapter Page I— A Social Evolution 13 II— A Predestined Capital 42 Social life in the early republic http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbcb.29033 Library of Congress III— Homes and Hostelries 58 IV— County Families 78 V— Jeffersonian Simplicity 102 VI— A Queen of Hearts 131 VII— The Bladensburg Races 161 VII— Peace and Plenty 179 IX— Classics and Cotillions 208 X— A Ladies' Battle 236 XI— Through Several Administrations 267 XII— Mid-Century Gayeties 296 xi ILLUSTRATIONS Page Mrs. Richard Gittings, of Baltimore (Polly Sterett) Frontispiece From portrait by Charles Willson Peale, owned by her great-grandson, Mr. D. Sterett Gittings, of Baltimore. Mrs. Gittings eyes are dark brown, the hair dark brown, with lighter shades through it; the gown of delicate pink, the sleeves caught up with pearls, the sash of a gray shade.
    [Show full text]
  • August 6, 2003, Note: This Description Is Not the One
    Tudor Place Manuscript Collection Martha Washington Papers MS-3 Introduction The Martha Washington Papers consist of correspondence related to General George Washington's death in 1799, a subject file containing letters received by her husband, and letters, legal documents, and bills and receipts related to the settlement of his estate. There is also a subject file containing material relating to the settlement of her estate, which may have come to Tudor Place when Thomas Peter served as an executor of her will. These papers were a part of the estate Armistead Peter placed under the auspices of the Carostead Foundation, Incorporated, in 1966; the name of the foundation was changed to Tudor Place Foundation, Incorporated, in 1987. Use and rights of the papers are controlled by the Foundation. The collection was processed and the register prepared by James Kaser, a project archivist hired through a National Historical Records and Publications grant in 1992. This document was reformatted by Emily Rusch and revised by Tudor Place archivist Wendy Kail in 2020. Tudor Place Historic House & Garden | 1644 31st Street NW | Washington, DC 20007 | Telephone 202-965-0400 | www.tudorplace.org 1 Tudor Place Manuscript Collection Martha Washington Papers MS-3 Biographical Sketch Martha Dandridge (1731-1802) married Daniel Parke Custis (1711-1757), son of John Custis IV, a prominent resident of Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1749. The couple had four children, two of whom survived: John Parke Custis (1754-1781) and Martha Parke Custis (1755/6-1773). Daniel Parke Custis died in 1757; Martha (Dandridge) Custis married General George Washington in 1759and joined him at Mount Vernon, Virginia, with her two children.
    [Show full text]
  • Domestic Management of Woodlawn Plantation: Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis and Her Slaves
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1993 Domestic Management of Woodlawn Plantation: Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis and Her Slaves Mary Geraghty College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, African History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Geraghty, Mary, "Domestic Management of Woodlawn Plantation: Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis and Her Slaves" (1993). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625788. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-jk5k-gf34 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOMESTIC MANAGEMENT OF WOODLAWN PLANTATION: ELEANOR PARKE CUSTIS LEWIS AND HER SLAVES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of American Studies The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Mary Geraghty 1993 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts -Ln 'ln ixi ;y&Ya.4iistnh A uthor Approved, December 1993 irk. a Bar hiara Carson Vanessa Patrick Colonial Williamsburg /? Jafhes Whittenburg / Department of
    [Show full text]
  • GEORGE WASHINGTON's MOUNT VERNON (Slide: Aerial View) When George Washington Died in 1799, His Mount Vernon Estate Was at Its Hi
    GEORGE WASHINGTON'S MOUNT VERNON (Slide: Aerial View) When George Washington died in 1799, his Mount Vernon estate was at its highest point of development. In the 45 years since he had become master of Mount Vernon, Washington had completely transformed the small plantation he had inherited from his older half brother, Lawrence. This aerial view shows the estate as it appears today, and we believe, as it appeared during the final years of General Washington's life. Mount Vernon's preservation is the achievement of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, which has owned the estate since 1858. Over the years, the goal of the Association has been to restore Mount Vernon to its original condition and to present it to the public. (Slide: East Front) Today our visitors see Washington/s 500 acre "Mansion House Form," the formal pleasure grounds of the 8,000 acre plantation that existed in the 18th century. The Mansion House itself, seated on a high bluff with a commanding view of the Potomac River and the Maryland shoreline beyond,is the focal point in a village-like setting of outbuildings, formal gardens and grounds .. This neat and elegant estate was the creation of George Washington, who personally designed and laid it out. (Slide: Houdon Bust) Washington is of course best remembered for his services as ~ommonder-in-Chief and president, but at Mount Vernon we celebrate -2- the memory of the Virginia farmer and family man. There are many monuments to George Washington. The visitor to Mount Vernon can discover the complex and passionate man behind the austere, remote historical figure.
    [Show full text]
  • WOODLAWN Other Name/Site Number
    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMBNo. 1024-0018 WOODLAWN Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: WOODLAWN Other Name/Site Number: 2. LOCATION Street & Number: 9000 Richmond Highway Not for publication: N/A City/Town: Alexandria Vicinity: X State: Virginia County: Fairfax Code: 059 Zip Code: 22309 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): _ Public-Local: _ District: X Public-State: _ Site: _ Public-Federal: Structure: _ Object:_ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 3 4 buildings 1 _ sites _ structures _ objects 4 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 6 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 WOODLAWN Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service_____________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this __ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria. Signature of Certifying Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Reinterpreting Robert E. Lee Through His Life at Arlington House
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Fall 2020 The House That Built Lee: Reinterpreting Robert E. Lee Through his Life at Arlington House Cecilia Paquette University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Paquette, Cecilia, "The House That Built Lee: Reinterpreting Robert E. Lee Through his Life at Arlington House" (2020). Master's Theses and Capstones. 1393. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1393 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HOUSE THAT BUILT LEE Reinterpreting Robert E. Lee Through his Life at Arlington House BY CECILIA PAQUETTE BA, University of Massachusetts, Boston, 2017 BFA, Massachusetts College of Art and Design, 2014 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History September, 2020 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2020 Cecilia Paquette ii This thesis was examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in History by: Thesis Director, Jason Sokol, Associate Professor, History Jessica Lepler, Associate Professor, History Kimberly Alexander, Lecturer, History On August 14, 2020 Approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. !iii to Joseph, for being my home !iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisory committee at the University of New Hampshire.
    [Show full text]