Internet of Things for Architects

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Internet of Things for Architects Internet of Things for Architects Architecting IoT solutions by implementing sensors, communication infrastructure, edge computing, analytics, and security Perry Lea BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI Internet of Things for Architects Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Commissioning Editor: Gebin George Acquisition Editor: Shrilekha Inani Content Development Editor: Sharon Raj Technical Editors: Prashant Chaudhari, Komal Karne Copy Editor: Safis Editing Project Coordinator: Virginia Dias Proofreader: Safis Editing Indexer: Aishwarya Gangawane Graphics: Tania Dutta Production Coordinator: Shantanu Zagade First published: January 2018 Production reference: 1190118 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-78847-059-9 www.packtpub.com mapt.io Mapt is an online digital library that gives you full access to over 5,000 books and videos, as well as industry leading tools to help you plan your personal development and advance your career. For more information, please visit our website. Why subscribe? Spend less time learning and more time coding with practical eBooks and Videos from over 4,000 industry professionals Improve your learning with Skill Plans built especially for you Get a free eBook or video every month Mapt is fully searchable Copy and paste, print, and bookmark content PacktPub.com Did you know that Packt offers eBook versions of every book published, with PDF and ePub files available? You can upgrade to the eBook version at www.PacktPub.com and as a print book customer, you are entitled to a discount on the eBook copy. Get in touch with us at [email protected] for more details. At www.PacktPub.com, you can also read a collection of free technical articles, sign up for a range of free newsletters, and receive exclusive discounts and offers on Packt books and eBooks. Contributors About the author Perry Lea has spent 21 years at Hewlett Packard as a distinguished technologist and chief architect. He then served as a distinguished member of technical staff and strategic director at Micron Technologies leading a team working on advanced computing devices. He is currently a technical director at Cradlepoint where he leads advancement and research in IoT and fog compute. Perry has degrees in computer science, computer engineering, and an EE degree from Columbia University. He is a senior member of IEEE and a senior member/distinguished speaker of ACM. He has 8 patents with 40 pending. Thanks to my wife, Dawn, and family and friends for being the support team to complete this book. I wish to thank Sandra Capri of Ambient Sensors for critical review and comment on sensors and near-range communication. I also thank David Rush from Cradlepoint for the comment on long-range connectivity and cellular systems. Finally, a thank you to the numerous consortiums and technical communities, such as IEEE and ACM. About the reviewer Parkash Karki is a principal architect and product development manager with over 20 years of experience in the IT field. With a BSc (Hons) physics from the University of Delhi and master of computer applications from BIAS, he is PMP certified and also holds other certifications in Microsoft technologies. His has majorly worked on various Microsoft and open source technologies with vast experience in DevOps and Azure Cloud. As a DevOps and Cloud architect, he helps his customers adopt them well. He is very passionate about IoT, artificial intelligence, and automation technologies. Packt is searching for authors like you If you're interested in becoming an author for Packt, please visit authors.packtpub.com and apply today. We have worked with thousands of developers and tech professionals, just like you, to help them share their insight with the global tech community. You can make a general application, apply for a specific hot topic that we are recruiting an author for, or submit your own idea. Table of Contents Preface 1 Chapter 1: The IoT Story 7 History of the IoT 11 IoT potential 13 Industrial and manufacturing 16 Industrial and manufacturing IoT use cases and impact 17 Consumer 17 Consumer IoT use cases 18 Retail, financial, and marketing 18 Retail IoT use cases 18 Healthcare 19 Healthcare IoT use cases 19 Transportation and logistics 20 Transportation and logistics IoT use cases 20 Agricultural and environmental 21 Agricultural and environmental IoT use cases 21 Energy 22 Energy IoT use cases 22 Smart city 22 Smart city IoT use cases 23 Government and military 24 Government and military IoT use cases 24 Summary 25 Chapter 2: IoT Architecture and Core IoT Modules 26 IoT ecosystem 27 IoT versus machine to machine 28 The value of a network and Metcalfe's and Beckstrom's law 29 IoT architecture 32 Role of an architect 33 Part 1 – Sensing and power 34 Part 2 – Data communication 35 Part 3 – Internet routing and protocols 36 Part 4 – Fog and edge compute, analytics, and machine learning 36 Part 5 – Threat and security in IoT 37 Summary 38 Table of Contents Chapter 3: Sensors, Endpoints, and Power Systems 39 Sensing devices 40 Thermocouples and temperature sensing 40 Thermocouples 40 Resistance Temperature Detectors 42 Thermistors 43 Temperature sensor summary 44 Hall effect sensors and current sensors 44 Photoelectric sensors 46 PIR sensors 46 LiDAR and active sensing systems 48 MEMS sensors 50 MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes 50 MEMS microphones 53 MEMS pressure sensors 54 Smart IoT endpoints 55 Vision system 56 Sensor fusion 59 Input devices 60 Output devices 60 Functional examples (putting it all together) 61 Functional example – TI SensorTag CC2650 61 Sensor to controller 64 Energy sources and power management 65 Power management 66 Energy harvesting 67 Solar harvesting 69 Piezo-mechanical harvesting 70 RF energy harvesting 71 Thermal harvesting 72 Energy storage 73 Energy and power models 73 Batteries 77 Supercapacitors 77 Radioactive power sources 78 Energy storage summary and other forms of power 78 Summary 79 Chapter 4: Communications and Information Theory 80 Communication theory 82 RF energy and theoretical range 82 RF interference 87 [ ii ] Table of Contents Information theory 88 Bitrate limits and the Shannon-Hartley theorem 89 Bit error rate 94 Narrowband versus wideband communication 97 The radio spectrum 101 Governing structure 101 Summary 105 Chapter 5: Non-IP Based WPAN 106 Wireless personal area network standards 107 802.15 standards 107 Bluetooth 109 Bluetooth history 109 Bluetooth 5 communication process and topologies 111 Bluetooth 5 stack 113 Bluetooth 5 PHY and interference 117 Bluetooth packet structure 119 BR/EDR operation 121 BLE operation 123 Bluetooth profiles 127 BR/EDR security 129 BLE security 130 Beaconing 131 Bluetooth 5 range and speed enhancement 137 Bluetooth mesh introduction 139 Bluetooth mesh topology 141 Bluetooth mesh addressing modes 144 Bluetooth mesh provisioning 146 IEEE 802.15.4 147 IEEE 802.15.4 architecture 147 IEEE 802.15.4 topology 152 IEEE 802.15.4 address modes and packet structure 153 IEEE 802.15.4 start-up sequence 154 IEEE 802.15.4 security 155 Zigbee 157 Zigbee history 157 Zigbee overview 158 Zigbee PHY and MAC (and difference from IEEE 802.15.4) 160 Zigbee protocol stack 161 Zigbee addressing and packet structure 162 Zigbee mesh routing 164 Zigbee association 165 Zigbee security 165 Z-Wave 167 Z-Wave overview 167 [ iii ] Table of Contents Z-Wave protocol stack 170 Z-Wave addressing 171 Z-Wave topology and routing 172 Summary 174 Chapter 6: IP-Based WPAN and WLAN 175 Internet protocol and transmission control protocol 176 IP role in IoT 176 WPAN with IP – 6LoWPAN 179 6LoWPAN topology 180 6LoWPAN protocol stack 182 Mesh addressing and routing 183 Header compression and fragmentation 185 Neighbor discovery 188 6LoWPAN security 189 WPAN with IP – Thread 190 Thread architecture and topology 191 Thread protocol stack 192 Thread routing 193 Thread addressing 194 Neighbor discovery 195 IEEE 802.11 protocols and WLAN 196 IEEE 802.11 suite of protocols and comparison 197 IEEE 802.11 architecture 198 IEEE 802.11 spectrum allocation 200 IEEE 802.11 modulation and encoding techniques 202 IEEE 802.11 MIMO 207 IEEE 802.11 packet structure 210 IEEE 802.11 operation 213 IEEE 802.11 security 215 IEEE 802.11ac 216 IEEE 802.11p vehicle-to-vehicle 218 IEEE 802.11ah 222 Summary 227 Chapter 7: Long-Range Communication Systems and Protocols (WAN) 229 Cellular connectivity 230 Governance models and standards 231 Cellular access technologies 235 3GPP user equipment categories 236 [ iv ] Table of Contents 4G-LTE spectrum allocation and bands 238 4G-LTE topology and architecture 242 4G-LTE E-UTRAN protocol stack 246 4G-LTE geographical areas,
Recommended publications
  • Wireless Sensor Networks
    WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS PRESENTED BY VIVEK KRISHNA KANNAN SIDDARTH RAM MOHAN ARUN OUTLINE • Wireless sensor networks • The Internet of Things and the role of WSN • TinyOS • Programming with Tinyos WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS • Comprises of spatially connected autonomous sensors • Typically used to measure temperature, pressure etc • Usually bi-directional allowing for control of sensor activity WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS MOTES/NODES • Sensors + supporting elements = Mote/Node • So, apart from the sensor, each mote typically consists of : • Radio transceiver with an internal antenna • A microcontroller • An interfacing element between the microcontroller and sensor • An energy source ( Battery or an energy harvesting element) GATEWAY • GATEWAY acts as a bridge between the WSN and other networks. This enables data to be stored and processed by devices with more resources, for example, in a remotely located server. RADIO TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE • Long range: 3G / GPRS • Medium range: ZigBee / 802.15.4 / WiFi • Short range: RFID / NFC / Bluetooth 4.0 ROUTING PROTOCOLS : CHALLENGES • No global IP addressing • This is due to the relatively large number of sensor nodes • Consequently overhead of ID maintenance is high • Thus IP based protocols don’t work ROUTING PROTOCOLS • The search for an ideal universal routing protocol for WSN’s is an ongoing process • A Technique is to have protocols based on the network structure • Common protocols for WSN: flat based and location based network structures ROUTING PROTOCOL : FLAT BASED NETWORK STRUCTURE • Here
    [Show full text]
  • Field Area Network
    IEEE IoT Vertical & Topical Summit for Agriculture Patrick Wetterwald, CTAO IOT Standards and Architecture ETSI IP6 Vice Chairman, IEC SEG8 Chair, IPSO Alliance Past President [email protected] May 21st , 2017 What Is the Internet of Things? “The Internet of Things is the intelligent connectivity of physical devices driving massive gains in efficiency, business growth, and quality of life.” © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2 IoT Is Here Now – and Growing! 50 50 Billion 40 “Smart Objects” Rapid Adoption 30 Rate of Digital Infrastructure: 5X Faster Than 20 25 Electricity and InflectionThe New Essential InfrastructureTelephony Point BILLIONS OF DEVICES 12.5 10 World Population 6.8 7.2 7.6 0 TIMELINE 2010 2015 2020 Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011 © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 Smart Agriculture © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4 IoT Transforms Data into Wisdom More Important Wisdom (Scenario Planning) Knowledge Information 01010100101010101010101010101 Data 01010101010001010100101010101 01110101010101010101 Less Important © 2013Big-2014 Cisco Data and/or its affiliates. becomes All rights reserved. Open Data for Customers, Consumers to Use 5 But It Also Adds Complexity NewAPPLICATION Business Models AND BUSINESSPartner INNOVATION Ecosystem Cloud-based Threat Analysis / Protection Data Control Application Big Data Analytics Integration Applications Systems Integration Network and Perimeter Application Interfaces Security Services IoT CONNECTIVITYUnified Platform
    [Show full text]
  • Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful Iot Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment — Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M
    Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment — Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Demystifying Internet of Things Security Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Demystifying Internet of Things Security: Successful IoT Device/Edge and Platform Security Deployment Sunil Cheruvu Anil Kumar Chandler, AZ, USA Chandler, AZ, USA Ned Smith David M. Wheeler Beaverton, OR, USA Gilbert, AZ, USA ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-2895-1 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-2896-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2896-8 Copyright © 2020 by The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.
    [Show full text]
  • Water -M Project
    Water -M Project D1.3 IT State of the Art v2.2 History Date Version & Status Author Modifications 02/09/2015 v0.1 Kamal Singh (UJM) A Draft with state of the art on ICT 28/10/2015 V1.0 Berhane A draft with state of the art on ICT. Gebremedhin Merged the 2 drafts into a new one. (University of Oulu) Compiled the references 14/04/2016 V2.0 Kamal Singh (UJM), Added 2.4 OneM2M standard, added 2.5 Abderrahmen SoA on Data management analytics and Kammoun (City of 2.6 about IoT platforms and SOFIA2. Saint Etienne / UJM), Francois-Elie Calvier (UJM) 15/04/2016 V2.1 Francois-Elie Calvier Updated References (UJM) 08/05/2016 V2.2 Berhane Berhane did some modifications Gebremedhin (University of Oulu) Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Business Drivers ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Required Technologies ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Challenges ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Opportunities ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2 ICT technologies for Water management .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Standards for Constrained Iot Devices
    IoT Device Standards [email protected] – IoT Strategy 1 © 2014 ARM IoT is not a new idea THINGS around us become smart and connected . This is not a new idea .. it’s been going on for >20 years1 . 2010: Connected things > world population (6.8B) 1 Weiser, Mark (1991) “the Computer for the 21st Century” Ubiquitous computing: "The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.” 2 © 2014 ARM Motorola pager watch – 17 years ago 3 © 2014 ARM Accelerating IoT Reach SILOS of Things Today Situation: • Application-specific connected devices • Closed supply chains, proprietary interconnects • Very limited plug-and-play Time 4 © 2014 ARM Accelerating IoT INTERNET of Things Analysts predictions for connected devices (2020): 30 billion? 50 billion? 75 billion? Current trends show strong growth Reach but analysts are more optimistic: SILOS of Things Today 17% .. 31% CAGR, 2012-2020 8.7B in 2012 (Cisco) http://newsroom.cisco.com/feature-content?articleId=1208342 Time 5 © 2014 ARM Accelerating IoT INTERNET of Things What will drive demand for many tens of billions more devices? Better IoT Platforms … that can “weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life” • Integrated wireless • Right-size processors, memory • Low cost, low power Applications • Secure, trustworthy • Easy software development Reach • Easy integration into “things” SILOS of Things Today Standards Internet-scale IoT ecosystems Bust the silos Devices • Standards-based connectivity • Standards-based provisioning • Open markets for devices, apps • End-to-end security Time 6 © 2014 ARM IoT SoC platform evolution . Wireless On-chip radios Optimized for IoT bandwidth, power .
    [Show full text]
  • The Web of Things, Nov'15
    The Web of Things Dave Raggett <[email protected]> Presentation to OIC Thursday, 5 Nov 2015 1/59 IoT still at the top of the hype cycle* *From Gartner's hype cycle for emerging technologies – August 2014 2/59 IoT – over-hyped and fragmented ● The IoT is still very immature, but has huge potential ● There is currently a lot of fragmentation, which – drives up development costs – increases the risk for investors – reduces the market size for solutions ● There are many Industry Alliances and SDO's – W3C is seeking to establish collaboration agreements and work together to realise the potential and unlock the network effect 3/59 The World Wide Web Consortium ● W3C is a member funded international organisation focusing on developing standards for Web & semantic technologies – e.g. HTML, scripting APIs, the Semantic Web and Linked Data ● We are addressing the fragmentation for the IoT with an abstraction layer that spans devices, platforms and application domains ● A focus on simplifying application development by decoupling services from the underlying protocols 4/59 Interoperability implies . ● Exchange of meaningful, actionable information between two or more systems across organizational boundaries ● A shared understanding of the exchanged information ● An agreed expectation for the response to the information exchange A requisite quality of service: reliability, fidelity, and security. ● From: GridWise Architecture Council, March 2008 “Interoperability Context-Setting Framework” – See: http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/ 5/59 Interoperability Framework
    [Show full text]
  • Future-Proofing the Connected World: 13 Steps to Developing Secure Iot Products
    Future-proofing the Connected World: 13 Steps to Developing Secure IoT Products Presented by the IoT Working Group Table of Contents Forward Introduction Document Scope The Need for IoT Security IoT Products Can Compromise Privacy IoT products can lend their computing power to launch DDoS Attacks Medical Devices and Medical Standard Protocols are Vulnerable to Attack Drones Are Approaching Mainstream Status and Being Used as a Platform for Reconnaissance Critical national infrastructure can rely on the IoT ecosystem Cars are becoming connected and autonomous Moving Forward Why Development Organizations Should Care About Securing IoT Products IoT Device Security Challenges IoT products may be deployed in insecure or physically exposed environments Security is new to many manufacturers and there is limited security planning in development methodologies Security is not a business driver and there is limited security sponsorship and management support in development of IoT products There is a lack of defined standards and reference architecture for secure IoT development There are difficulties recruiting and retaining requisite skills for IoT development teams including architects, secure software engineers, hardware security engineers, and security testing staff The low price point increases the potential adversary pool Resource constraints in embedded systems limit security options IoT Security Survey Guidance for Secure IoT Development 1. Start with a Secure Development Methodology Security Requirements Security Processes Perform Safety Impact Assessment Perform Threat Modeling 2. Implement a Secure Development and Integration Environment Evaluate Programming Languages OWASP Python Security Project Link Integrated Development Environments Continuous Integration Plugins Testing and Code Quality Processes 3. Identify Framework and Platform Security Features Selecting an Integration Framework Evaluate Platform Security Features 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Enabling the Internet of Things for Australia Measure, Analyse, Connect, Act
    COMMUNICATIONS ALLIANCE LTD Enabling the Internet of Things for Australia Measure, Analyse, Connect, Act Written by Geof Heydon and Frank Zeichner October 2015 Communications Alliance Internet of Things Think Tank An Industry Report commissioned by the Communications Alliance Internet of Things Think Tank Executive Council First published: October 2015 The Communications Alliance Internet of Things Think Tank was formed in May 2015. The Think Tank’s vision is to be a leading ICT industry initiative under a broad industry framework shaping the regulatory framework to harness for Australian industry the opportunities generated by the internet of Things. The Think Tank aims to define the IoT eco-system, inform and enable Australian companies to exploit the business opportunities afforded by IoT technology and services. Disclaimers 1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Industry Report, Communications Alliance disclaims responsibility (including where Communications Alliance or any of its officers, employees, agents or contractors has been negligent) for any direct or indirect loss, damage, claim, or liability any person may incur as a result. 2) The above disclaimers will not apply to the extent they are inconsistent with any relevant legislation. Copyright © Communications Alliance Ltd 2015 This document is copyright and must not be used except as permitted below or under the Copyright Act 1968. You may reproduce and publish this document in whole or in part for your or your organisation’s own personal or internal compliance, educational or non-commercial purposes. You must not alter or amend this document in any way. You must not reproduce or publish this document for commercial gain without the prior written consent of Communications Alliance.
    [Show full text]
  • Connecting Physical Things to a Smartcity-OS Riccardo Petrolo, Aikaterini Roukounaki, Valeria Loscrì, Nathalie Mitton, John Soldatos
    Connecting physical things to a SmartCity-OS Riccardo Petrolo, Aikaterini Roukounaki, Valeria Loscrì, Nathalie Mitton, John Soldatos To cite this version: Riccardo Petrolo, Aikaterini Roukounaki, Valeria Loscrì, Nathalie Mitton, John Soldatos. Connecting physical things to a SmartCity-OS. Proceedings of CoWPER - International IEEE SECON Workshop on Toward a city-wide pervasive environment, Jun 2016, London, United Kingdom. hal-01309638 HAL Id: hal-01309638 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01309638 Submitted on 28 Jun 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Connecting physical things to a SmartCity-OS Riccardo Petrolo∗, Aikaterini Roukounakiy, Valeria Loscr´ı∗, Nathalie Mitton∗, and John Soldatosy ∗Inria Lille - Nord Europe, France. e-mail: [email protected] yAthens Information Technology, Greece. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—A Smart City can be seen as a system in which Smart Cities, thereby turning VITAL into an operating system different Internet of Things (IoT) solutions coexist and cooperate. that can monitor, visualize, and control all the operations of a According with this vision, the number of IoT deployments is, city [5]. nowadays, in continuous expansion and it involves disparate scenarios, from street lighting, waste management, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Advancing the Industrial Internet of Things
    Advancing the Industrial Internet of Things An Industrial Internet Consortium and oneM2M™ Joint Whitepaper Authors Amar Deol (Huawei), Ken Figueredo (InterDigital Inc.), Shi-Wan Lin (Yo-i), Brett Murphy (RTI), Dale Seed (Convida Wireless), Jason Yin (Huawei) Editors Shi-Wan Lin (Yo-i) and Ken Figueredo (InterDigital Inc.) Contributors1 Josef Blanz (Qualcomm), Omar Elloumi (Nokia), Rajive Joshi (RTI), Peter Klement (XMPro), Sam Bhattarai (Toshiba), Atte Lansisalmi (Nokia) and Chuck Byers (IIC) 2019-12-12 1 Individuals who have provided valuable comments and inputs that have substantially improved the quality of this whitepaper. - i - 1 Context for Collaboration .................................................................................................. 1 2 Organizational Overviews ................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Overview of the IIC .............................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Overview of oneM2MTM....................................................................................................... 3 3 Alignment Between IIRA and oneM2M Architecture Frameworks ...................................... 6 3.1 IIC’s IIRA .............................................................................................................................. 7 3.2 oneM2M Architecture and Common Services Layer .............................................................. 9 3.2.1 Common Service Layer Functions
    [Show full text]
  • The Internet of Things
    Paper Prepared for the 1st Berlin Symposium on Internet and Society October 25-27, 2011 The Internet of Things Rob van Kranenburg [email protected] Erin Anzelmo [email protected] Alessandro Bassi [email protected] Dan Caprio [email protected] Sean Dodson [email protected] Matt Ratto [email protected] 1 Abstract This paper traces the challenges and nature of the impact posed by the developments termed the ’Internet of Things (IoT)’. The Internet of Things is comprised of a number of technological protocols that aim to connect things to other things, to databases and to in- dividuals. The speed with which the paradigm of connecting communicating objects has taken over the full range of connectivity protocol (IPv6), hardware (from cheap sensors to smart phones, iPads, tablets that are full blown computers), software (either proprietary in the cloud or collaborative open source), applications (ranging from location based services that link up to social networks to your car linked up to a particular brand network) and ser- vices (from car sharing with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) cards (Buzzcar), to blinds texting you or your service layer that they are out of battery power (Designer) is determined by the collaborative power of the internet. In this paper, we outline the Internet of Things’ recent history, technological challenges and policy ecology. We end by sketching a possible framework for grasping its impact in four domains: (1) the value chain where all objects can be tracked, logged and traced, (2) the service layer that can be built upon this, (3) the smart city layer and (4) its ultimate limit and scope of the Sensing Planet notion that aims to capture natural processes by globally dis- tributed sensor grids to have counterparts in the cloud.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Glove: Internet of Things (Iot) Based Smart Wearable Gadget
    British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science 15(5): 1-12, 2016, Article no.BJMCS.24854 ISSN: 2231-0851 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Data Glove: Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Wearable Gadget Anand Nayyar1 and Vikram Puri2* 1Department of Computer Applications and IT, KCL Institute of Management and Technology, Jalandhar, India. 2Member-ACM, The IRED, IAENG, CSI, India. Authors’ contributions The work is being carried out in collaboration between the authors AN and VP. Author AN has done detailed and depth survey is being done on Internet of Things (IoT)- history, overview of technology, recent developments and challenges cum issues surrounded in IoT. Author AN surveyed regarding various products and sensors which are available till date in the market and proposed a novel idea of Data Glove. Author VP surveyed an in-depth brain storming of construction and development of Data Glove- overall product design, sensors integration, circuit design and overall code and testing is done by both authors. The testing of the final product in the real world is being done by authors AN and VP. Overall writing of the paper is being done by both authors. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/BJMCS/2016/24854 Editor(s): (1) Victor Carvalho, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Portuguese Catholic University and Lusiada University, Portugal. Reviewers: (1) Anonymous, National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Mumbai, India. (2) M. Bhanu Sridhar, GVP College of Engg. For Women, Vizag, India. (3) Kexin Zhao, University of Florida, USA. (4) Yueran Gao, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/14031 Received: 4th February 2016 Accepted: 15th March 2016 Original Research Article Published: 5th April 2016 _______________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The dawn of Internet of Things (IoT) has started its journey for new era of smart and portable devices.
    [Show full text]