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Reproduktivne Preferencije Gavčice, Rhodeus Amarus (Bloch, 1872) Prema Školjkašima Iz Porodice Unionidae

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Reproduktivne Preferencije Gavčice, Rhodeus Amarus (Bloch, 1872) Prema Školjkašima Iz Porodice Unionidae Reproduktivne preferencije gavčice, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1872) prema školjkašima iz porodice Unionidae Prenz, Petra Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2017 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:485326 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-06 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb Sveučilište u Zagrebu Prirodoslovno – matematički fakultet Biološki odsjek Petra Prenz Reproduktivne preferencije gavčice, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1872) prema školjkašima iz porodice Unionidae DIPLOMSKI RAD Zagreb, 2017. Ovaj rad, izrađen na Zoologijskom zavodu Biološkog odsjeka Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu pod vodstvom izv. prof. dr. sc. Jasne Lajtner i neposrednim voditeljstvom dr.sc. Zorana Marčića, predan je na ocjenu Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu radi stjecanja zvanja magistra eksperimentalne biologije. Zahvale Najtoplije se želim zahvaliti mentorici izv. prof. dr. sc. Jasni Lajtner na strpljenju, stručnim savjetima i velikoj pomoći tijekom izrade ovog rada. Hvala Vam na posvećenom vremenu i znanju. Zahvaljujem se pomoćnom voditelju dr. sc. Zoranu Marčiću, prof. biol, na predloženoj temi, brojnim stručnim savjetima i neizmjernom strpljenju tijekom istraživanja. Hvala Vam puno. Također se puno zahvaljujem Svenu Horvatiću i Romanu Karloviću na velikoj pomoći prilikom sakupljanja uzoraka i Siniši Vajdiću na pomoći prilikom rada u laboratoriju i održavanju riba i školjkaša. Zahvaljujem se obitelji, a najviše svojoj Majci Suzani, koja mi je omogućila ovaj bezbrižni studentski život, na neizmjernoj podršci i vjerovanju. Hvala mama. I za kraj zahvaljujem mojim kolegama, prijateljima, i dečku Goranu. Hvala vam na uljepšavanju mojih studentskih dana, ne bi to bilo to bez vas. TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA Sveučilište u Zagrebu Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Biološki odsjek Diplomski rad Reproduktivne preferencije gavčice, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1872) prema školjkašima iz porodice Unionidae Petra Prenz Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb SAŽETAK Gavčica, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782), je slatkovodna riba široko rasprostranjena u Europi koja koristi školjkaše iz porodice Unionidae za polaganje jaja (ovipoziciju) te embrionalni razvoj. Poznato je da gavčica koristi veći broj vrsta školjkaša iz ove porodice kao domaćine za ovipoziciju, ali s različitom razinom preferencije. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je pokazati koje vrste školjkaša gavčica izabire kao najprikladnije domaćine, s posebnim naglaskom na autohtone i invazivne vrste školjkaša. Istraživanje je provedeno kroz dva eksperimenta (dugoročni i kratkoročni) sa živim ribama i pet vrsta školjkaša (autohtone vrste Anodonta anatina, Unio crassus, U. pictorum i U. tumidus te invazivna vrsta Sinanodonta woodiana). Dugoročni eksperiment trajao je tri tjedna i korišten je samo za dokazivanje preferencije, a kratkoročni (24 satni) za potvrđivanje preferencije domaćina i isključivanje mogućnosti iskrivljenih rezultata nastalih zbog školjkaševa izbacivanja embrija gavčice. Rezultati oba eksperimenta su pokazali da postoji značajna razlika u odabiru školjkaša. Gavčice su za ovipoziciju odabirale sve autohtone vrste, ali ne i invazivnu vrstu školjkaša. Najveća brojnost jaja i ličinki gavčice zabilježena je kod vrste Anodonta anatina, no rezultati iskazani na jedinicu površine škrga pokazali su da je vrsta Unio crassus njihov prvi izbor. Unatoč trenutnom konzervacijskom statusu gavčice (najmanje zabrinjavajući), ona potencijalno može postati ugrožena, ako se ne spriječi širenje invazivne vrste S.woodiana s kojom su europski autohtoni školjkaši u direktnoj kompeticiji. (44 stranica, 13 slika, 6 tablica, 64 literaturna navoda, jezik izvornika: hrvatski) Rad je pohranjen u Središnjoj biološkoj knjižnici. Ključne riječi: ribe, školjkaši, reprodukcija, parazitizam, ovipozicija, Rhodeus amarus Voditelj: izv. prof. dr. sc. Jasna Lajtner Neposredni voditelj: dr.sc. Zoran Marčić Ocjenitelji: 1. izv. prof. dr. sc. Jasna Lajtner 2. izv. prof. dr. sc. Ana Galov 3. doc. dr. sc. Renata Šostarić Rad je prihvaćen: 14. 09. 2017. BASIC DOCUMENTATION CARD University of Zagreb Faculty of Science Department of Biology Graduation Thesis Reproductive preferences of the European bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782), according to the bivalves of the Unionidae family PETRA PRENZ Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb ABSTRACT Bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1872), is a freshwater fish widely spreaded in Europe which uses unionid mussels for oviposition and embryonic development. It has been known that bitterling uses a wider range of species from this family as hosts for oviposition, but with different preference. The point of this study was to show what species of mussels bitterlings choose as the most appropriate hosts, with observations made among native and invasive mussel species. The study conducted two experiments (long-term and short-term experiment) with live fishes and five species of mussels (native species: Anodonta anatina, Unio crassus, U. tumidus and U. pictorum, and invasive species Sinanodonta woodiana). Long-term experiment lasted for three weeks and was used only to proove existence of preference, and short-term experiment (24 h) to affirmate host preferences and to exlude possible errors in results, due to mussels ability to eject bitterling eggs and embryos. Results of both experiments showed that there is a significant difference in mussel choice. Bitterling spawned only in native species of mussels. The greatest number of bitterling eggs and embryos was noted for A.anatina, but the results shown on the surface unit of the mussels gills showed that they preffered most U.crassus. Despite the current conservation status of bitterling (LC-Least concern), it can potentialy become vunerable if the invasion of S. woodiana, with which the European native mussels are in direct competition, does not get prevented. (44 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables, 64 references, original in Croatian) Thesis deposited in Central Biological Library. Key words: fishes, mussels, reproduction, parasite, oviposition, Rhodeus amarus Supervisor: Jasna Lajtner PhD, Assoc. Prof. Assistant supervisor: Zoran Marčić, PhD Reviewers: 1. Jasna Lajtner PhD, Assoc. Prof 2. Ana Galov PhD, Assoc. Prof 3. Renata Šostarić PhD, Asst. prof. Thesis accepted: 14. 09. 2017. Sadržaj 1. UVOD ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. RAZNOLIKOST RIBA .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. SLATKOVODNE RIBE ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3. SISTEMATIKA VRSTE Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1872) ...................................................... 3 1.4. PODRUČJE RASPROSTRANJENOSTI VRSTE Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1872) ............... 5 1.5. OBILJEŽJA VRSTE Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1872) ............................................................ 5 1.5.1. OBILJEŽJA LIČINKI VRSTE Rhodes amarus (Bloch, 1872)....................................... 7 1.6. RAZNOLIKOST ŠKOLJKAŠA ........................................................................................... 10 1.7. OBILJEŽJA ŠKOLJKAŠA IZ PORODICE UNIONIDAE .................................................. 11 1.7.1. Anodontini – Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) ........................................................ 13 1.7.2. Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834)............................................................................... 13 1.7.3. Unionini – Unio spp. ..................................................................................................... 14 1.8. ODNOS IZMEĐU GAVČICA I UNIONIDNIH ŠKOLJKAŠA .......................................... 15 1.9. CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA .......................................................................................................... 17 2. MATERIJALI I METODE............................................................................................................ 18 2.1. PODRUČJE ISTRAŽIVANJA ............................................................................................. 18 2.2. UZORKOVANJE .................................................................................................................. 19 2.3. DUGOROČNI EKSPERIMENT........................................................................................... 20 2.4. KRATKOROČNI EKSPERIMENT ..................................................................................... 21 2.5. METODE .............................................................................................................................. 21 2.6. STATISTIČKA ANALIZA................................................................................................... 22 3. REZULTATI ................................................................................................................................. 23 3.1. REPRODUKTIVNE PREFERENCIJE GAVČICE PREMA UNIONIDNIM ŠKOLJKAŠIMA U DUGOROČNOM EKSPERIMENTU .......................................................... 23 3.2. REPRODUKTIVNE PREFERENCIJE GAVČICE PREMA UNIONIDNIM ŠKOLJKAŠIMA U KRATKOROČNOM EKSPERIMENTU ....................................................
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