CLASS – X

SUBJECT – HISTORY SESSION: 2021- 2022 Cycle Plan No. 3 (25 May, 2021- 11June, 2021) Name of the Book: and the Contemporary World- II Chapter. 2: Nationalism in India.

Step1 Students to study from the History textbook- Chapter 2 - Nationalism in India.

They may go through the given links:- 1) Watch the following video on Nationalism in India- https://youtu.be/vQP2DQEzbaE

2) Watch the following videos on ‟s ideals on .

https://youtu.be/TkHTbkPoEQ8

https://youtu.be/Hl7J_zNz4BU

3) Watch the following video on incident- https://youtu.be/V6NY9voc848

4) Watch the following video on Why Non-cooperation – https://youtu.be/gvJjgvRDmNw

Step2 Students may clear doubts from respective subject teacher over phone/whatsapp.

Step3 Students to revise using the following bullet points:-

 Nature of nationalism in Europe and in India:-

 In Europe, modern nationalism was associated with the formation of nation- states.  It meant a change in people‟s understanding of their identity and sense of belonging.  It was associated with new symbols, icons, songs & ideas.  Nationalism was a slow process in most of European countries.  In India & in other colonies modern nationalism was connected to anti-colonial movement.  People discovered their unity in the process of struggle against colonial rule.  The sense of being oppressed provided a shared bond.  Different experiences and different notions of nationalism by different group.  Mahatma Gandhi & Congress party tried to unite the different groups together.

1. The First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation.  New Economic & Political Situation Created by the First World War:  Huge increase in defense expenditure financed by war loans & increasing taxes.  Extreme hardship faced by people due to increase of prices during 1913-1918.  Forced recruitment in the villages caused resentment.  Crops failure caused shortage of food.  Influenza epidemic & famines caused death of 12-13 million people.

 Emergence of a new leader and a new mode of struggle: Mahatma Gandhi & Satyagraha:-  Mahatma Gandhi returned India from South Africa in 1915.  He led successful mass agitation called Satyagraha in South Africa against its white racial government.

1.1 The Idea of Satyagraha:-  It emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.  Physical force is not necessary to fight the oppressor if the cause is true.  A satyagrahi does not seek revenge.  A satyagrahi can win the battle by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor & by persuading to see the truth.  Mahatma Gandhi believed that non-violence can unite the Indians.

 Organisation of successful initial Satyagraha movements in India:-  1916-- Champaran (Bihar)- Against oppressive indigo plantation system.  1917---Kheda (Gujarat)- To support the peasants‟ demand for relaxation of revenue due to crops failure & plague.  1918---Ahmedabad (Gujarat)- support the mill workers‟ demand to increase wages.

1.2 The (1919):

 Rowlatt Act (named after the president of the Rowlatt Committee, British judge Sir Sidney Rowlatt)  It was passed in February 1919 hurriedly by Imperial Legislative Council despite opposition by Indian members.

 Rowlatt Satyagraha:-

 Mahatma Gandhi wanted to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the unjust Rowlatt Act on April 6, 1919.  Rallies, strike & hartal (closure of shops & offices as a protest or a mark of sorrow) were organized.  Alarmed & scared British administration started repression.  Local leaders of (Dr. Satya Pal & Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew) were arrested & Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering .  Police firing on a peaceful procession on 10 April in caused widespread violence.  Martial law was imposed.  On 13 April, 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place under the command of General Dyer.  Dyer‟s objective was to „produce a moral effect‟, to create a feeling of terror & awe in the minds of the satyagrahis.  The incident resulted in strikes & violence in many towns.  Government resorted to brutal repression by humiliating & terrorizing people.  Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement due to violence.  Though the movement was widespread, still it confined to cities & towns.

 Khilafat Issue:-  The First World War ended with the defeat of the Central powers including Ottoman Turkey.

 Rumour of imposition of a harsh treaty on the Ottoman emperor, the Khalifa, (spiritual head of the Islamic world) spread.

 To defend the Khalifa‟s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed by Muhammad Ali & Shaukat Ali in Bombay in March 1919.

 For Mahatma Gandhi it was an opportunity to unite the & the Muslims under a broad-based unified movement.

Step4 Students to solve the questions given below:-

I. Very Short questions (1 mark) :

1) When did Mahatma Gandhi return to Idia from South Africa? II. Short answer questions (3 marks):

2) “Modern nationalism in Europe came to be associated with the formation of nation-states.” How was modern nationalism in the colonies differed in this context? OR, Make a comparative study on the national movments in Europe with that in India. 3) Write briefly on Gandhiji‟s initial satyagraha movements in various places in India.

III. Long answer type questions (5 marks):

4) How did the First World War create a new economic & political situation in India?

5) Explain Mahatma Gandhi‟s idea of Satyagraha.

6) Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch a nationwide satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act?

Discuss the impact of the satyagraha on the political situation in India?

7) Describe the Jallianwala Bagh incident. Critically assess its impact.

8) Explain the Khilafat issue.Why did Mahatma Gandhi support the issue?

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