Joint Vision 2010 Provides an Operationally Based Template for the Evolution of the Armed Forces for a Challenging and Uncertain Future

“The nature of modern warfare demands that we fight as a joint team. This was important yesterday, it is essential today, and it will be even more imperative tomorrow. Joint Vision 2010 provides an operationally based template for the evolution of the Armed Forces for a challenging and uncertain future. It must become a benchmark for Service and Unified Command visions.”

John M. Shalikashvili Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff CJCS Vision Contents

America’s Military Preparing 1. Introduction for Tomorrow: Quality People 3. Threads of Continuity Trained, Equipped and Ready for Joint Operations 8. Dynamic Changes ~Persuasive in Peace 17. Conduct of Joint Operations ~Decisive in War 32. Implementing Joint ~Preeminent in Any Vision Form of Conflict 34. Conclusion

Office of Primary Responsibility: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 5126 Joint Staff, Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 20318-5126 Joint Vision 2010 The conceptual template for how we will channel the vitality of our people and leverage technological opportunities to achieve new levels of effectiveness in joint warfighting Joint Vision 2010 America’s Military: Preparing for Tomorrow

Introduction

Joint Vision 2010 is the conceptual template for how America’s Armed Forces will channel the vitality and innovation of our people and leverage technological opportunities to achieve new levels of effectiveness in joint warfighting. Focused on achieving dominance across the range of military operations through the application of new operational concepts, this template provides a common direction for our Services in developing their unique capabilities within a joint framework of doctrine and programs as they prepare to meet an uncertain and challenging future.

JV 2010 begins by trained forces and provides command and control addressing the expected the basis for their further available in the information continuities and changes in enhancement by prescribing age and goes on to develop the strategic environment, how we will fight in the early four operational concepts: including technology trends 21st century. dominant maneuver, and their implications for our precision engagement, full Armed Forces. It recognizes This vision of future dimensional protection, the crucial importance of our warfighting embodies the and focused logistics. current high quality, highly improved intelligence and

1 Each of the operational concepts materiel. In its conclusion, JV 2010 assesses incorporates America’s core strengths of high the challenges and opportunities in moving quality people and information-age toward implementation of the vision. technological advances, builds on proven competencies, and focuses the development This vision draws on our most fundamental of future joint capabilities. Together, the source of strength—our people. People are application of these four concepts by robust the Armed Forces; at the end of the day, our high quality forces will provide America with success, in war or in peace, will rest the capability to dominate an opponent ultimately on the men and women of the across the range of military operations. This Armed Forces. Full Spectrum Dominance will be the key characteristic we seek for our Armed The skills and vitality of our people will also Forces in the 21st century. provide the driving force for shaping change. Joint Vision 2010 then examines the six Channeling our strengths with this vision, we critical elements required to transform the will move toward a common goal: a joint operational concepts into joint capabilities: force—persuasive in peace, decisive in people, leadership, doctrine, education and war, preeminent in any form of conflict. training, organizational structure, and

2 Threads of Continuity maintaining the political freedom and national As we build our forces to this joint vision, there will be independence of the United strong threads of continuity with the contemporary States with its values, strategic and operational environment. Among these institutions, and territory threads are American goals and interests, as well as the intact; and providing for the missions, tasks, strategic concepts, and quality of our well-being and prosperity of Armed Forces. the nation and its people.

America’s Goals and Interests These goals, in turn, generate American interests America’s enduring goals and safety of Americans which must be protected include: protecting the lives both at home and abroad; and advanced. Our fundamental interests lie in enhancing US security, promoting prosperity at home, and promoting democracy abroad.

The United States has undertaken foreign and security policies aimed at securing these interests. Ensuring strong relations with our allies, protecting our rights of transit on the high seas, and enlarging the community of free market democracies are examples of policies we are likely to continue to pursue in the years ahead. On the whole, there is likely to be far more continuity than change in these interests and policies.

3 capabilities—we will fight if we must—but will also use these same capabilities to deter, contain conflict, fight and win, or otherwise promote American interests and values.

To ensure we can accomplish these tasks, power projection, enabled by overseas presence, will likely remain the Missions, Tasks, and Strategic fundamental strategic Concepts of the Armed Forces concept of our future force. We will remain largely To protect our vital national conflict prevention, and a force that is based in the interests we will require peacetime activities. Further, continental United States strong armed forces, which our history, strategy, and (CONUS). However, our are organized, trained, and recent experience suggest permanently stationed equipped to fight and win that we will usually work in overseas forces, against any adversary at any concert with our friends and infrastructure and level of conflict. Concur- allies in almost all operations. equipment, temporarily rently, we must also be able deployed forces, and the to employ these forces in America’s strategic nuclear interaction between US and operations other than war to deterrent, along with appro- foreign militaries together assist in the pursuit of other priate national level detection demonstrate our important interests. and defensive capabilities commitments, strengthen will likely remain at the core our military capabilities, and The primary task of the of American national secu- enhance the organization of Armed Forces will remain rity. However, the bulk of our coalitions and multinational to deter conflict—but, Armed Forces will be en- operations to deter or should deterrence fail, to gaged in or training for defeat aggression. Power fight and win our nation’s worldwide military opera- projection from the United wars. In addition, we should tions. In these operations, States, achieved through expect to participate in a we will largely draw upon our rapid strategic mobility, will broad range of deterrent, conventional warfighting enable the timely response

4 critical to our deterrent and The Quality of Our Force warfighting capabilities. Our overseas presence and Currently, our Armed equipment are molded highly mobile forces will Forces are the best into exceptionally able both remain essential to trained, best equipped, forces through stressful future operations. and most ready force in training, which closely ap- the world. The quality of our proximates wartime condi- people is unequaled at all tions and requirements. levels of the chain of command. Leaders in each Since the mid-1980s, this of our Services are high quality has been the developed through well- essence of the Armed conceived, intensive, and Forces. Military operations long-term programs. Our are planned knowing that equipment is first-rate and it leaders truly understand the is sustainable in all requirements, the equipment operations. Together, our is operable and safe, and personnel, leadership, and the men and women at the

5 cutting edge have the skills The combination of careful institutional, on-the-job, and and character to execute targeting of requirements, self-study methods, the their tasks successfully. recruiting incentives, quality men and women of our of life initiatives, and Armed Forces gain the However, this quality force challenging opportunities skills, knowledge, and has been achieved only at has been very effective in attitudes required to great expense and effort. It attracting the personnel accomplish their required has required the creation of needed to sustain our tasks across the range of institutions and procedures, quality force. military operations. These sharpened over more than formal development two decades of experience, Retention of highly trained processes are designed to to develop these Armed Service members in balance timing, costs, and Forces in the most effective sufficient numbers has also operational requirements, and efficient manner been a key requirement, at each level of leadership. possible. These institutions and we intend to sustain We will retain those and procedures, and the these efforts. Our first-term innovative processes to high quality forces they reenlistment rates have risen ensure that we maintain the have produced, remain at by 10 percent over the last best possible leadership for the very center of Joint fifteen years. Higher retention our Armed Forces. Vision 2010. is the result of a committed effort by top leadership Realistic and stressful Attracting people with the throughout the government training has been the intellectual tools, physical toward raising career primary way to keep skills, and motivation to serve satisfaction, improving readiness high and prepare effectively in the military was command climates, keeping our men and women to face foremost among the pay competitive and the challenges of combat. requirements for building a benefits stable, maintaining Such training, consisting of professional, robust, and time at home and deployed carefully balanced programs ready force. In the late 1970s, at an acceptable balance, of individual, crew, and larger over 15 percent of our and focusing on quality of organizational training and enlistees scored in the lowest life initiatives. assessments, is central to category for military training the way we will fight. qualification examinations. Another element of our From individual or crew Today, less than 1 percent are success has been effective mission simulators, through in that category and over 90 leadership development. full-blown field exercises at percent of our enlistees have From deliberate and intensive home or abroad, realistic, graduated from high school. processes involving evaluated training is and

6 The Foundation of Joint Vision 2010

PEOPLE FIRST-RATE EQUIPMENT QUALITYQUALITY FORCES TRAINING & READINESS FORCES LEADER DEVELOPMENT

must remain our best actual combat missions. training required to take combat multiplier. Joint, These training innovations full advantage of this coalition, and combined must be sustained. new equipment. training and exercises have improved our interoperability Today, our highly trained, Technologically superior and understanding of the quality force has the tools to equipment has been strengths of each individual perform its warfighting tasks. critical to the success of Service as well as allies and Just 15 years ago, our our forces in combat. coalition partners. From the forces were less well This first-rate equipment, individual warfighter to large equipped, spare parts when combined with our multinational forces, this inventories were critically top quality forces, has systematic approach has short, and sustainability was been a key element of our enabled our men and low. Since then, we have continuing operational women to hone their skills in modernized our force and successes. We must practice many times before ensured that we procured continue to ensure our ever having to perform the parts and provided the soldiers, sailors, airmen,

7 marines are fully capable of Dynamic Changes fulfilling their required tasks with equipment that is Accelerating rates of change will make the future envi- engineered to provide ronment more unpredictable and less stable, presenting superior mission our Armed Forces with a wide range of plausible futures. performance as well as Whatever direction global change ultimately takes, it will safety and reliability. We affect how we think about and conduct joint and multina- must maintain a careful tional operations in the 21st century. How we respond to balance between equipping dynamic changes concerning potential adversaries, and sustaining our forces technological advances and their implications, and the and between tooth and tail emerging importance for information superiority will in our force structure. We dramatically impact how well our Armed Forces can must also work to assure perform its duties in 2010. an efficient and effective support structure and re- The Imperative of Jointness sources for all of our forces.

America’s Armed Forces are mission successfully. smaller than we have been in Commanders will be over 40 years, and we have expected to reduce the decreased the percentage of costs and adverse effects of our forces permanently sta- military operations, from tioned overseas. Faced with environmental disruption in flat budgets and increasingly training to collateral damage more costly readiness and in combat. Risks and modernization, we should not expenditures will be even expect a return to the larger more closely scrutinized than active forces of the Cold they are at present. War period. Simply to retain our The American people will effectiveness with less continue to expect us to redundancy, we will need to win in any engagement, wring every ounce of but they will also expect capability from every us to be more efficient in available source. That protecting lives and outcome can only be resources while accomplished through a accomplishing the more seamless integration 8 of Service capabilities. Multinational Operations To achieve this integration while conducting military operations we must be It is not enough just to be joint, when conducting future fully joint: institutionally, operations. We must find the most effective methods for organizationally, integrating and improving interoperability with allied and intellectually, and coalition partners. Although our Armed Forces will maintain technically. Future decisive unilateral strength, we expect to work in concert commanders must be able with allied and coalition forces in nearly all of our future to visualize and create the operations, and increasingly, our procedures, programs, and “best fit” of available forces planning must recognize this reality. needed to produce the immediate effects and achieve the desired results.

9 INFORMATION SUPERIORITY

ENHANCED TECHNOLOGICAL JOINTNESS ADVANCES

A MULTINATIONAL Changing POTENTIAL OPERATIONS Changing ADVERSARIES WorldWorld

Dynamic Changes As We Move Towards 2010

Modern systems are Potential Adversaries sufficiently powerful that smaller numbers can There will continue to be of future threats. Wider dramatically alter the threats states or groups that oppose access to advanced facing us. A number of or threaten American technology along with potential adversaries may interests and values or those modern weaponry, including acquire the military hardware of our friends and allies. weapons of mass to make themselves Our recognition of these destruction (WMD), and the distinctly more dangerous. threats and challenges will requisite skills to maintain continue to drive our national and employ it, will increase Our most vexing future security efforts. the number of actors with adversary may be one who sufficient military potential to can use technology to make Greater global interaction will upset existing regional rapid improvements in its strongly influence the nature balances of power. military capabilities that

10 provide asymmetrical Advancing Technology Trends counters to US military strengths, including information technologies. This era will be one of accelerating technological change. Alternatively, the high Critical advances will have enormous impact on all military leverage associated with forces. Successful adaptation of new and improved modern systems means that technologies may provide great increases in specific significant improvements in capabilities. Conversely, failure to understand and adapt military capabilities can could lead today’s militaries into premature obsolescence occur very rapidly, and greatly increase the risks that such forces will be outrunning the pace of incapable of effective operations against forces with compensating political or high technology. military countermeasures. Long-range precision capability, combined with a wide The application of these range of delivery systems, is emerging as a key factor in technologies against us may future warfare. Technological advances will continue the also prove surprising. Our trend toward improved precision. Global positioning adversaries will have an systems, high-energy research, electromagnetic technology, independent will, some and enhanced stand-off capabilities will provide increased knowledge of our accuracy and a wider range of delivery options. These capabilities, and the desire capabilities will increase the combat power available for use to avoid our strengths and against selected objectives, resulting in enhanced economy exploit vulnerabilities. We of force and a higher tempo of operations. anticipate the probability of facing technological or operational surprise will increase in the period ahead.

In sum, the US must prepare to face a wider range of threats, emerging unpredictably, employing varying combinations of technology, and challenging us at varying levels of intensity.

11 The ability to produce a weapons and give broader range of potential commanders greater weapons effects, from less- flexibility. These lethal to hard target kill, from improvements will result in sensor-fused to directed increasingly discrete and energy weapons, will further precise capabilities, which enhance precision capability. can achieve optimum Advances in target effects results in both combat and technologies will be other operations. integrated into existing Advances in low observable technologies and the ability to mask friendly forces will also continue over the next 15 years. Signature reduction will enhance the ability to engage adversaries anywhere in the battlespace and improve the survivability of forces who employ it.

12 Stealth will strengthen the technology will improve the Forces harnessing the ability to accomplish ability to see, prioritize, capabilities potentially surprise, reduce overall force assign, and assess available from this system of requirements in many information. The fusion of all- systems will gain dominant operations, and make forces source intelligence with the battlespace awareness, an less visible to an fluid integration of sensors, interactive “picture” which unsophisticated or platforms, command will yield much more disoriented adversary. Micro- organizations, and logistic accurate assessments of miniaturization will also support centers will allow a friendly and enemy promote signature reduction greater number of operations within the area of and greatly increase the operational tasks to be interest. Although this will capabilities available for accomplished faster. not eliminate the fog of war, individuals and small units. Advances in computer dominant battlespace Concurrently, multispectral processing, precise global awareness will improve sensing, automated target positioning, and situational awareness, recognition, and other telecommunications will decrease response time, and advances will enhance the provide the capability to make the battlespace detectability of targets determine accurate locations considerably more across the battlespace, of friendly and enemy forces, transparent to those who improving detection ranges, as well as to collect, achieve it. turning process, and distribute relevant data to thousands night into day for of locations. some classes of operations, reducing the risk of fratricide Implications of Technological and further accelerating Advances on Our Armed Forces operational tempo. The combination of these technology trends will provide Improvements in an order of magnitude improvement in lethality. information and systems Commanders will be able to attack targets successfully with integration technologies fewer platforms and less ordnance while achieving objectives will also significantly more rapidly and with reduced risk. Individual warfighters will impact future military be empowered as never before, with an array of detection, operations by providing targeting, and communications equipment that will greatly decision makers with magnify the power of small units. Strategically, this accurate information in a improvement will enable more rapid power projection and timely manner. Information reduced logistics tails. Operationally, within the theater, these

13 capabilities will mean a more rapid transition from deployment to full operational capability. As a result, we will improve our capability for rapid, worldwide deployment while becoming even more tactically mobile and lethal.

The implications of this increased lethality for overall force structure requirements are unclear. Given current technology, today’s force structure is adequate to meet our full range of global needs, but barely so. While these More Lethal prospective improvements in lethality clearly offer promise of reducing the number of platforms and the amount of Battlespace: ordnance required to destroy targets, many military missions will require occupation of the ground, and intensive physical Will increase the presence. For these missions the promises of technology importance of are less certain, especially in environments such as cities or jungles. ~Stealth During all operations, advanced technology in the hands of ~Mobility an adversary will increase the importance of force protection at all echelons. Any efficiencies garnered by our offensive ~Dispersion systems must be underwritten by appropriate redundancies to safeguard against unanticipated technological, strategic, ~Pursuit of a Higher Operational Tempo or operational surprise.

Adaptations to this increasingly lethal battlespace will be warranted. These adaptations are likely to take the forms of increased stealth, mobility, dispersion and pursuit of a higher tempo of operations among elements within the battlespace.

To cope with more lethal systems and improved targeting, our forces will require stealth and other means of passive protection, along with mobility superior to the enemy’s ability to retarget or react to our forces. Increased stealth will reduce an enemy’s ability to target our forces. Increased dispersion and mobility are possible offensively because each platform or each individual warfighter carries higher

14 lethality and has greater reach. Defensively, dispersion and higher tempo complicate enemy targeting and reduce the effectiveness of area attack and area denial weaponry such as weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The capability to control the tempo of operations and, if necessary, sustain a tempo faster than the enemy’s will also help enable lethal forces over larger integration requirements will our forces to seize and areas, thus leveraging the likely create a more maintain the initiative during skills and initiative of indi- stressful, faster moving military operations. viduals and small units. decision environment. Real- These capabilities could time information will likely Greater mobility and empower a degree of drive parallel, not increased dispersion will, in independent maneuver, sequential, planning and turn, require additional planning, and coordination real-time, not prearranged, communications and at lower echelons, which decision making. The coordination capabilities were normally exercised by optimal balance between since the synchronization more senior commanders centralized and of these dispersed elements in the past. Concurrently, decentralized command will become even more commanders at higher and control will have to be important. Fortunately, echelons will use these carefully developed as the technology for this technologies to reduce systems are brought into improved systems the friction of war and the inventories. integration is at hand. to apply precise centralized control when and The implications of improved where appropriate. systems integration are both profound and complex. New Even for higher level technologies will allow commanders, the increased capability at lower accelerated operational echelons to control more tempo and greater

15 Emerging Importance of Information Superiority

Throughout history, gathering, exploiting, and protecting information have been critical in command, control, and intelligence. The unqualified importance of information will not change in 2010. What will differ is the increased access to information and improvements in the speed and accuracy of prioritizing and transferring data brought about by advances in Information technology. While the friction and the fog of war can never be eliminated, new technology promises to mitigate their impact. Superiority Sustaining the responsive, high quality data processing and The capability to information needed for joint military operations will require collect, process, more than just an edge over an adversary. We must have information superiority: the capability to collect, process, and disseminate and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while an uninterrupted exploiting or denying an adversary’s ability to do the same.

flow of Information superiority will require both offensive and defensive information warfare (IW). Offensive information information while warfare will degrade or exploit an adversary’s collection or use exploiting or of information. It will include both traditional methods, such as a precision attack to destroy an adversary’s command and denying an control capability, as well as nontraditional methods such as adversary’s electronic intrusion into an information and control network to convince, confuse, or deceive enemy military decision makers. ability to do the same. There should be no misunderstanding that our effort to achieve and maintain information superiority will also invite resourceful enemy attacks on our information systems. Defensive information warfare to protect our ability to conduct information operations will be one of our biggest challenges in the period ahead. Traditional defensive IW operations include physical security measures and encryption. Nontraditional actions will range from antivirus protection to innovative methods of secure data transmission. In addition, increased strategic level programs will be required in this critical area. 16 technologies is best viewed from an operational perspective. In the past, our capabilities often required us to physically mass forces to neutralize enemy power. The time needed to build up and employ massed combat forces, including the platforms, weapons, and associated logistics, required to achieve success resulted in military operations that were largely sequential in nature and tactics which too often saw ground, maritime, and air forces massed in time and space.

By 2010, we should be able to change how we conduct the most intense joint operations. Instead of Conduct of Joint Operations relying on massed forces and sequential operations, Our forces have been largely organized, trained, and we will achieve massed equipped to defeat military forces of our potential effects in other ways. adversaries. Direct combat against an enemy’s armed Information superiority and forces is the most demanding and complex set of advances in technology will requirements we have faced. Other operations, from enable us to achieve the humanitarian assistance in peacetime through peace desired effects through the operations in a near hostile environment, have proved to tailored application of joint be possible using forces optimized for wartime combat power. Higher effectiveness. lethality weapons will allow us to conduct attacks Technological advances will magnify the advantages provided concurrently that formerly by our high quality force. The promise provided by these required massed assets,

17 applied in a sequential This will enhance our assets at the place and time manner. With precision combat capabilities against most favorable to success. targeting and longer range opposing military forces. To When tied to a more rapid systems, commanders can be sure, this will not resupply, reinforcement, and achieve the necessary obviate the ultimate need reengagement capability, destruction or suppression for “boots on the ground” they will be better able to of enemy forces with fewer in many operations, nor provide the best response at systems, thereby reducing will it relieve our Service less risk to themselves, the need for time-consuming men and women of the based on the mission and risky massing of people need to be physically objectives and and equipment. Improved present at the decisive circumstances of the command and control, points in battle or in other battlespace. Whether based on fused, all-source, operations, or to be exposed operating from dispersed real-time intelligence will to conditions of great danger locations or in close reduce the need to and hardship. proximity to each other, the assemble maneuver confidence of each individual formations days and hours in However, in all operations warfighter or crew will be advance of attacks. technological advances and bolstered by enhanced Providing improved targeting our use of information will connectivity to comrades, information directly to the give our warfighters at the supporting elements, and most effective weapon individual, crew, and small higher commands. system will potentially reduce unit levels major qualitative the traditional force advantages over potential In sum, by 2010 we should requirements at the point of adversaries. Our forces will be able to enhance the main effort. be able to sense dangers capabilities of our forces sooner. They will have through technology. This will, All of this suggests that we increased awareness of the in turn, expand our greatest will be increasingly able to overall operational advantage: the adaptability, accomplish the effects of environment, including the initiative, teamwork, and mass—the necessary situation of friendly forces, commitment of our people at concentration of combat allowing them to make better every level. power at the decisive time decisions more rapidly. They and place—with less need will have an enhanced ability To exploit the enormous to mass forces physically to produce a range of potential of technology, we than in the past. desired effects by bringing must develop in a systematic together the correct mix of manner the full range of

18 Emerging Operational Concepts

Dominant Maneuver Massed

Precision Engagement

Coalition Partners

Superiority Joint Forces Innovations Technological

Focused Logistics

Information Effects Full-Dimensional Protection

required enhancements. This of much of the new These transformations will process must begin with a technology; however, the be so powerful that they new conceptual framework full impact of these become, in effect, new for operations. technologies is more operational concepts: profound. Enhanced dominant maneuver; The basis for this command and control, and precision engagement; full framework is found in the much improved intelligence, dimensional protection; improved command, along with other and focused logistics. control, and intelligence applications of new These operational which can be assured by technology will transform concepts will provide our information superiority. the traditional functions of forces with a new These are the most maneuver, strike, conceptual framework. straightforward applications protection, and logistics.

19 New Operational Concepts to attack enemy centers of gravity at all levels and Dominant Maneuver compels an adversary to either react from a position Dominant maneuver will be the multidimensional of disadvantage or quit. application of information, engagement, and mobility capabilities to position and employ widely dispersed joint Dominant maneuver will air, land, sea, and space forces to accomplish the require forces that are assigned operational tasks. Dominant maneuver will allow adept at conducting our forces to gain a decisive advantage by controlling the sustained and breadth, depth, and height of the battlespace. synchronized operations from dispersed locations. Through a combination of asymmetric leverage, achieved by They must be able to apply our positional advantages, as well as decisive speed and overwhelming force in the tempo, dominant maneuver allows us to apply decisive force same medium and create

Improved Sensors Dominant Maneuver: Across the Range of Military Operations Command Post All Weather Day or Night

Near Real-Time Evaluation Decisive Speed & Tempo

Connectivity

Simultaneous Dissemination

Postional Advantage

- Asymmetric Leverage Result - Enemy Must React From a Position of Disadvantage or Quit

20 asymmetric advantages by footprint will make it much Altogether, the organizational attacking cross-dimensionally, more difficult for an adversary concept of dominant such as air or sea against to find and attack our forces. maneuver is a prescription ground or ground and sea Other defensive measures, for more agile, faster moving against air defenses. These low observable technologies, joint operations, which will forces must have the ability signature reduction, and combine air, land, and to outpace and outmaneuver enhanced deception maritime forces more the enemy. Current systems, capabilities will provide similar effectively to deliver decisive enhanced by information advantages for protection combat power. superiority, will provide a and improve our chances for clearer picture of enemy and mission success. friendly locations. Information superiority also will allow joint commanders to coordinate Precision Engagement widely dispersed units, receive accurate feedback, Precision engagement will consist of a system of and execute more systems that enables our forces to locate the objective demanding, higher precision or target, provide responsive command and control, requirements. Increasingly generate the desired effect, assess our level of success, lethal direct and indirect and retain the flexibility to reengage with precision when fire systems, with longer required. Even from extended ranges, precision engagement ranges and more accurate will allow us to shape the battlespace, enhancing the targeting, will increase the protection of our forces. punch of these forces as they maneuver. Information operations will tie together high fidelity target acquisition, prioritized requirements, and command and The tailor-to-task control of joint forces within the battlespace. This organizational ability will combination will provide a greater assurance of delivering the provide the additional desired effect, lessen the risk to our forces, and minimize advantage of self protection collateral damage. —another key element for successfully achieving Precision engagement will build on current US advantages in dominant maneuver. The delivery accuracy and low observable technologies. It will use combination of seamless a wide variety of means, including very accurate aerial deliver- operations with reduced ies or air drops, discriminate weapon strikes, and precise, all- “buildup time” and a smaller, weather stand-off capability. Enhanced jointness will ensure more widely dispersed greater commonality between Service precision engagement

21 Precision Engagement: Responsive & Accurate From Extended Ranges

Locate Assess Success

Produce Desired Effect

Command & Control Reengage

Wider Array of Results Flexible & Accurate Options capabilities and provide Full-Dimensional Protection future joint force commanders with a wider array of We must also protect our own forces from the very technolo- responsive, accurate, and gies that we are exploiting. Unless we provide an adequate flexible options. measure of protection for our forces, these new operational concepts will be highly vulnerable to disruption. We will achieve this required level of protection through the concept called full dimensional protection. The primary prerequisite for full-dimensional protection will be control of the battlespace to ensure our forces can maintain freedom of action during deployment, maneuver and engagement, while providing multi-layered defenses for our forces and facilities at all levels. Full-dimensional protection will enable the effective employment of our forces while degrading opportunities for the enemy. It will be essential, in most cases, for gaining and maintaining the initiative required to execute decisive operations. The concept will be proactive,

22 incorporating both offensive Upon this information base, deny enemy attacks on our and defensive actions that we will employ a full array of joint forces. may extend well into areas of active and passive mea- enemy operations. sures at multiple echelons. Passive measures will Active measures will include include the inherent Full-dimensional protection battlespace control opera- protection provided by will be built upon information tions to guarantee the air, information superiority and superiority which will provide sea, space, and information dispersal to increase our multidimensional awareness superiority that is needed to warning of attacks. and assessment, as well gain the degree of control Operational dispersion will as identification of all forces to accomplish the assigned further reduce risks to our in the battlespace. tasks. Active measures will forces. New sensors and Information warfare will also include an integrated, information dissemination support this effort by in-depth theater air and systems will be deployed to protecting our information missile defense that will detect chemical or biological systems and processes, exploit Service-unique attack at great ranges and while denying an adversary capabilities to detect, provide warning to specific the similar capabilities. identify, locate, track, and units that may be affected.

Full-Dimensional Protection: Multi-Layered Protection for Forces and Facilities

Aerospace Control

Upper Tier

Lower Tier

Multidimensional Protection

Sea Control

Result Protection from Theater to Individual

23 Enhanced deception and Focused Logistics camouflage measures, increased individual and Each of the preceding technologies to transition collective protection, and a concepts relies on our ability from the rigid vertical joint restoration capability to project power with the organizations of the past. against the effects most capable forces, at the Modular and specifically of WMD are also key ele- decisive time and place. To tailored combat service ments for achieving full optimize all three concepts, support packages will dimensional protection. logistics must be responsive, evolve in response to wide- flexible, and precise. ranging contingency Most importantly, these Focused logistics will be requirements. Service and active and passive the fusion of information, Defense agencies will work measures will be logistics, and jointly and integrate with the combined to provide a transportation civilian sector, where more seamless joint technologies to provide required, to take advantage architecture for force rapid crisis response, to of advanced business protection, which will track and shift assets even practices, commercial leverage the contributions while enroute, and to economies, and global of individual Services, deliver tailored logistics networks. Active and systems, and echelons. packages and sustainment reserve combat service The result will be improved directly at the strategic, support capabilities, freedom of action for friendly operational, and tactical prepared for complete forces, and better protection level of operations. It will be integration into joint at all echelons against fully adaptive to the needs of operations, will provide precision attack, weapons of our increasingly dispersed logistic support and mass destruction, and other and mobile forces, providing sustainment as long conventional or non- support in hours or days as necessary. conventional systems. versus weeks. Focused logistics will enable joint Information technologies will forces of the future to be enhance airlift, sealift, and more mobile, versatile, and pre-positioning capabilities projectable from anywhere in to lighten deployment loads, the world. assist pinpoint logistics delivery systems, and ex- Logistic functions will tend the reach and longevity incorporate information of systems currently in the

24 Focused Logistics: Precise Application of Logistics

Rapid Response Total Asset & Distribution & Intransit Require Visibility

Information Fusion

Report Reduced Inventory, Footprint, & Response Time

Repair Tailored Logistics Packages

Replace Result More Capable Forces inventory. The combined Full Spectrum Dominance impact of these improvements will be a smaller, more capable deployed Each of these new operational concepts will reinforce the force. It will require less others and will allow us to achieve massed effects in warfare continuous support with a from more dispersed forces. This synergy will greatly smaller logistics footprint, enhance our capabilities in high intensity conventional decreasing the vulnerability military operations. of our logistics lines of communication. However, the synergy of these four concepts transcends intense conventional warfighting. Without overspecialization, the development of these new operational concepts has great potential to fulfill more effectively the full range of tasks assigned to us. That is, taken together these four new concepts will enable us to dominate the full range of military operations from humanitarian assistance, through peace operations, up to and into the highest intensity conflict.

25 Full Spectrum Dominance

Dominant Maneuver Peacetime Engagement Precision Engagement

Full Spectrum Deterrence & Conflict Prevention Dominance Inovations Technological Focused Logistics Fight & Win Information Superiority Information Full-Dimensional Protection

Information superiority will Likewise, the tactical mobility the application of force provide a commander with required for dominant against an emerging threat enhanced awareness of his maneuver which enables our during peace enforcement area of responsibility, whether forces rapidly to move into operations. Full-dimensional his objective is to close with position to overwhelm an protection will allow freedom and engage an adversary or enemy will also allow of action for our forces and render assistance in a commanders to place forces limit their vulnerability during humanitarian operation. in positions of control in combat and noncombat Surveillance, reconnaissance counterdrug, operations. Focused and knowledge of the precise counterterrorism, or peace- logistics will ensure delivery location of dispersed friendly keeping operations. Precision of the precise amount and forces with the ability to engagement capabilities types of supplies required direct effectively their efforts designed for warfighting for our joint forces to are applicable for all tasks will also enable succeed in combat or military tasks. greater discrimination in noncombat operations.

26 Although the positive implications for enhancing our capabilities across the range of military operations seem obvious, we cannot assume that all new concepts will be equally valuable in all operations. In intensive combat, target destruction may be essential in the early engagements of an operation, but extensive physical presence may later be necessary to accomplish the assigned mission. This creativity, and adaptability in nullify our technological presence may be required to the face of highly dynamic superiority by various fully neutralize enemy forces, situations will be essential to means. In these cases, our deal with prisoners and the success of future joint success will depend, as it potentially hostile operations. The human has historically, upon the populations, or otherwise element is especially physical, intellectual, and assure that success in important in situations where moral strengths of the attacking targets we cannot bring our individual soldier, sailor, is followed through to achieve technological capabilities airman, and marine— the overall objectives of the fully to bear against especially their adaptability in operation. For noncombat opponents who seek to the face of the unexpected. operations, physical presence will likely be even more important. Thus, we must Critical Considerations ensure that capturing the new technologies does not To sustain the Armed Forces and instill these new operational overspecialize the force; we concepts will require high quality people—the key ingredient must retain balanced and for success. The judgment, creativity, and fortitude of our sustainable capabilities. We people will remain the key to success in future joint recognize that, regardless of operations. Turning concepts into capabilities requires how sophisticated technology adapting our leadership, doctrine, education and training, becomes, the individual organizations, and materiel to meet the high tempo, high warfighter’s judgment, technology demands posed by these new concepts.

27 Dedicated, High Quality People

Thus, recruiting and retaining dedicated high quality people will remain our first priority. Only a force that has the courage, stamina, and intellectual ability to cope with the complexity and rapid pace of future joint operations will have the capability to achieve full spectrum dominance.

We cannot expect risk-free, push-button style operations in Critical the future. Military operations will continue to demand Considerations extraordinary dedication and sacrifice under the most adverse conditions. Some military operations will require close combat ~High Quality People on the ground, at sea, or in the air. The courage and heart of our soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines will remain the ~Innovative Leadership foundation of all that our Armed Forces must do.

~Joint Doctrine Innovative Leadership ~Joint Education and Training The dynamic nature of joint operations in the 21st century ~Agile Organizations battlespace will require a continued emphasis on developing strong leadership skills. While we must do ~Enhanced Materiel everything possible to leverage the power of advanced technologies, there are inherent limitations. Confronting the inevitable friction and fog of war against a resourceful and strong minded adversary, the human dimension including innovative strategic and operational thinking and strong leadership will be essential to achieve decisive results. Effective leadership provides our greatest hedge against uncertainty.

We will build upon the enduring foundation of functional expertise, core values, and high ethical standards. Our future leaders at all levels of command must understand the interrelationships among military power, diplomacy, and economic pressure, as well as the role of various government agencies and non-governmental actors, in achieving our security objectives. They will require a sophisticated 28 understanding of historical Joint Doctrine context and communication skills to succeed in the As we change the way we fight, joint doctrine will remain future. The evolution of the foundation that fundamentally shapes the way we command structures, think about and train for joint military operations. Joint increased pace and scope of doctrine is a critical ingredient for success because the way operations, and the in which leaders think and organize their forces will be as continuing refinement of important as the technology we use to conduct future joint force structure and operations. Future joint doctrine must articulate the process organizations will require required for successful joint planning but must be flexible leaders with a knowledge of enough to serve as a broad framework to guide our forces the capabilities of all four in joint and multinational operations. It is the key to services. Without sacrificing enhanced jointness because it transforms technology, new their basic service ideas, and operational concepts into joint capabilities. competencies, these future leaders must be schooled in We will discover new ways to change the development joint operations from the process for joint doctrine. Thus, we must integrate “top- beginning of their careers. down” doctrine throughout the development cycle, while continuing to ensure that joint doctrine fully incorporates the This leadership development strengths that each Service brings to joint warfare. must begin rigorous selection processes and extend beyond formal education and training. Hands-on experience in a variety of progressive assignments must stress innovation, dealing with ambiguity, and a sophisticated understanding of the military art. In short, our leaders must demonstrate the very highest levels of skill and versatility in ever more complex joint and multinational operations. 29 Joint Education and Training

Our education and training programs must prepare joint warriors to meet the challenges of the future battlespace. These programs must emphasize employment of new technologies and achieving the operational concepts outlined in this vision. It is essential that our Joint Professional Military Education (JPME) programs provide our warfighters with an understanding of strategic concepts in the future environment Joint Doctrine where military force will be applied, as well as an in-depth understanding of individual Service systems and how the Joint Doctrine integration of these systems enhance joint operations. Serves as Common Perspective The requirement for high quality, realistic, and stressful ~Authoritative training that amplifies education and fully prepares our forces Guidance for for joint operations is similarly important. We must emphasize Our Forces integration of joint capabilities and develop skills that increase ~Provide Focus individual and organizational effectiveness. Our training must for Systems Application & reflect emerging threats and include both information Technology saturation and total interruption of information flow.

Fundamentally Enhanced modeling and simulation of the battlespace, when Shapes the Way We Plan, Think & Train for coupled to on the ground evaluation with real soldiers, sailors, Military Operations airmen, and marines, can improve the realism of training, upgrade the levels of day-to-day readiness, and increase our ~New Operational Concepts Provide opportunities to test innovative concepts and new strategies. the Foundation Simulations must be interconnected globally—creating a for Evolution near-real-time interactive simulation superhighway between our forces in every theater. Each CINC must be able to tap into this global network and connect forces worldwide that would be available for theater operations. This network will allow selected units in CONUS to train with forces located in an overseas theater without actually deploying there. Similarly, we will pursue improvements in our campaign modeling and analysis to exploit the concepts of this vision.

30 This global simulation network must include our Reserve and deployment and employ- National Guard units, as well as selected multinational ment. Because we rely on partners, to increase their readiness and interoperability. the total force to provide the full range of military capabilities, we also require respon- Agile Organizations sive Reserve components that can rapidly integrate into In order to make optimum use of the technologies and joint organizations. operational concepts discussed earlier, we must carefully examine the traditional criteria governing span of control and Increased organizational organizational layers for the Services, commands, and flexibility will enhance our Defense agencies. We will need organizations and processes responsiveness. We will seek that are agile enough to exploit emerging technologies and organizations that can respond to diverse threats and enemy capabilities. As we support flexible force move forward, we may require further reductions in packaging and work to supervision and centralized direction. smooth the process further.

All organizations must become more responsive to contingencies, with less “startup” time between 31 Enhanced Materiel Concurrently, joint education and doctrinal development Since most of the platforms expected to be in service in 2010 must keep pace. are already designed or operational, we will emphasize high leverage, leading edge technology enhancements to As we implement this vision, affordability of the increase our capabilities. We will also place greater technologies envisioned to emphasis on common usage between Services and achieve full spectrum increase interoperability among the Services and multi- dominance will be an national partners. important consideration.

We will need a responsive research, development, and While we anticipate that acquisition process to incorporate new technologies. This some significant process must leverage technology and management improvements in capability innovations originating in the private sector through may be gained economically, responsive access to commercial developments. for example through dual- use technologies for C4I, others will be more difficult Implementing Joint Vision 2010 to achieve within the budget realities that exist today and We must proceed with implementing Joint Vision 2010 in will exist into the next a way that captures the promise of these new concepts century. We anticipate the while sustaining our readiness and flexibility through need to be selective in the every step of this evolution. technologies we choose, and thus expect continuing The implementation plan will involve CINCs, Services, and assessment and joint organizations. Each element must participate in adjustments for affordability developing and testing these new concepts and their overall as well as for other lessons integration. Modeling, demonstrations, simulations, learned during the technology wargames, and joint exercises will help assess implementation process. and validate these concepts, as well as assist in developing new operational procedures and organizations. Achieving the full promise of this vision will largely depend The implementation process will integrate ongoing initiatives, on how well we structure our such as the Joint Requirements Oversight Council, Joint defense program. We will Warfighting Capabilities Assessments, and Advanced have to make hard choices Capabilities Technology Demonstrations (ACTD), to promote to achieve the tradeoffs that the integrated development of operational capabilities. will bring the best balance,

32 From Concepts to Capabilities

Capabilities Implementation 2 Quality P Doctrine 0 Forces Education r Training 1 Organization 0 o Materiel g r

Concepts a m Operational

most capability, and greatest As we implement this vision, and war, the creative talents interoperability for the least we must acknowledge that of our men and women cost. Ultimately, we will have strong leadership, provide us a critical to measure continuously the warfighting skill, and advantage over those who affordability of achieving full innovative thinking will be would consider challenging spectrum dominance against central to developing the us or our allies. our overarching need to detailed requirements and maintain the quality of our decision points. Our forces, their readiness, and organizational climate must the force structure needed to reward critical thinking, execute our operational foster the competition of tasks between now and the ideas, and reduce structural year 2010. or cultural barriers to innovation. Both in peace

33 Conclusion

Today, America’s Armed Forces are the world standard for military excellence and joint warfighting. We will further strengthen our military capabilities by taking advantage of improved technology and the vitality and innovation of our people to prepare our forces for the 21st century.

Joint Vision Joint Vision 2010 creates threats to our interests from the template to guide the emerging, deter those that 2010 transformation of these do, and defeat those threats concepts into joint by military force if deterrence Focusing the operational capabilities. fails. In 2010, we will meet It serves as the basis for these responsibilities with Strengths of Each focusing the strengths of high quality people and Individual Service each individual Service or leaders, who are trained and component to exploit the full ready for joint operations on Operational array of available capabilities and able to exploit high and allow us to achieve full technology equipment. Concepts That spectrum dominance. It will Even during a time of Achieve Full also guide the evolution of unparalleled technological joint doctrine, education, advances we will always Spectrum and training to assure we will rely on the courage, be able to achieve more determination, and Dominance seamless joint operations in strength of America’s men the future. and women to ensure we are persuasive in peace, As we pursue this vision, we decisive in war, and must remain mindful of our preeminent in any form responsibilities: to prevent of conflict.

34 CJCS Vision Contents

Office of Primary Responsibility: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 5126 Joint Staff, Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 20318-5126