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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication

A diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala, India

Mamparambath Subramanian Smitha & Ambalaparambil V. Sudhikumar

26 September 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 13 | Pages: 16879–16884 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5973.12.13.16879-16884

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16879–16884 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5973.12.13.16879-16884

#5973 | Received 10 April 2020 | Final received 11 September 2020 | Finally accepted 17 September 2020

S h o A diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from a cashew ecosystem in r t Kerala, India C o 1 2 m Mamparambath Subramanian Smitha & Ambalaparambil V. Sudhikumar m u 1 College of Hortculture, Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India. n 2 i Centre for Animal Taxonomy & Ecology, Department of Zoology (DST-FIST), Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, c Kerala 680125, India. a 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] t i o n Abstract: An exhaustve study was conducted to document spider fauna The World Spider Catalog (2020) documents a total in cashew orchards of the Cashew Research Staton, Madakkathara, Kerala, India from January 2015 to July 2017. A total of 63 species of of 48,642 described species belonging to 4,173 genera spiders under 52 genera belonging to 14 families were recorded. The and 128 families worldwide. Presently, 1,843 species most species-rich families were Saltcidae and Araneidae representng under 471 genera in 61 families are known from India 33 and 27 per cent, respectvely, of the total spider fauna. A guild structure analysis revealed six feeding guilds, viz.: stalkers, orb-web (Caleb & Sankaran 2020). Spiders have an important role builders, foliage runners, scatered line weavers, ground runners, and in ecosystem functoning (Kralj-Fiser & Gregoric 2019) ambushers. The occurrence of spiders was at a maximum during the and were reported as predators of the Tea Mosquito Bug monsoon with 59 species, followed by 26 during winter, 16 species during summer, and eight species being present all-round the year. Helopelts antonii Signoret, a major insect pest of cashew, causing economic yield loss (Devasahayam & Nair 1986). Keywords: Araneidae, Cashew orchards, guild structure, The diversity as well as the role of spiders in Madakkathara, Saltcidae, seasonal variaton. agricultural felds have been documented in several studies (Breene et al. 1993; Marc et al. 1999; Rajeshwaran Cashew is a perennial agricultural ecosystem with et al. 2005; Baba et al. 2018; Yang et al. 2018). They a rich arthropod diversity including pests and natural serve as general predators in agricultural ecosystems enemies. Cashew growers mainly depend on synthetc (Riechert & Bishop 1990) especially in orchard crops insectcides for the management of insect pests without associated with diverse pest fauna. So far, a few atempts any consideraton to the system that may have deleterious have been made to document spider fauna associated efects on natural pest controlling biota. Hence, there is with the cashew ecosystem in Kerala. Choudhuri a need to redefne pest management with an emphasis (1962) reported spiders under seven families occurring on non-chemical methods. Ants and spiders are the in cashew plantatons of Kerala. Raghavendra (2001) most abundant general predators in a cashew ecosystem collected 156 spider specimens belonging to Araneidae, (Beevi & Mahapatro 2008). Saltcidae, Thomisidae, and Oxyopidae. Several spiders

Editor: John Caleb, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India. Date of publicaton: 26 September 2020 (online & print)

Citaton: Smitha, M.S. & A.V. Sudhikumar (2020). A diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(13): 16879–16884. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5973.12.13.16879-16884

Copyright: © Smitha & Sudhikumar 2020. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Directorate of Cashew Research(ICAR-DCR), Putur, Karnataka.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: We thank Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Directorate of Cashew Research (ICAR-DCR), Putur for funding and support. We thank Professor & Head, Cashew Research Staton, Madakkathara (KAU) for providing facilites, and Sri Sachin Krishna, College of Forestry (KAU) for preparing the map used in this paper. We thank the anonymous reviewers, Subject Editor and Chief Editor for their critcal comments and suggestons.

16879 J TT Spider diversity from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala Smitha & Sudhikumar

Figure. 1. Locaton map of Cashew Research Staton Farm, Madakkathara, Thrissur, Kerala

were reported predatng on early instar nymphs of H. Materials and Methods antonii (Sundararaju 1984; Devasahayam & Nair 1986). The study was carried out in cashew plantatons of Among a list of arthropod predatory fauna recorded from 120 acre farm area under Cashew Research Staton, cashew panicles, Sundararaju (2003) reported six species Madakkathara, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, of spiders. A notable initatve was made by Beevi & India in two crop seasons in felds planted under normal Mahapatro (2008); they recorded 35 species of spiders spacing of 7m × 7m. The farm is situated between under nine families and diferentated them under four 10.555–10.548 N & 76.259–76.268 E and at an alttude guild structures, namely: stalkers, orb weavers, and of 30m. Soil type is laterite with pH 5.5, annual rainfall foliage & ground runners. According to Bhat et al. (2013), of 280cm, maximum temperature 29.1–36.5 0C and among 117 species under 18 families recorded in a cashew minimum temperature 21.2–25.1 0C (Beevi & Mahapatro ecosystem, Telamonia dimidiata, Oxyopes shweta, and O. 2008). The study area consists of only cashew plantatons sunandae have a preference for the Tea Mosquito Bug in with diferent weeds including grasses in the ground level spite of spiders being generalist predators. vegetaton. Systematc documentaton is necessary to conserve Field observatons were made from January 2015 these natural pest-regulatng factors for maintaining to July 2017. Spiders were handpicked from the foliage ecosystem sustainability and conservaton of biodiversity. and twigs, covering all age-classes of cashew trees. The The studies that have been done so far in Kerala specimens were collected from reachable tree-heights documented some species but almost a decade has and were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol in glass vials passed and there has been no atempt to update labeled with the date of collecton. The spiders were the status of spider diversity associated with cashew categorized based on their abundance in the cashew ecosystems. In view of the importance of spiders in orchard and noted with respect to their seasonal an ecosystem, the present study will help improve the occurrence. Specimens were observed under a Leica understanding on diversity and seasonal occurrence M205 C stereozoom microscope and identfed following and thereby help in developing a future integrated pest the literature available from World Spider Catalog (2020). management strategy (IPM) in cashew. Voucher specimens were deposited at Centre for Animal Taxonomy and Ecology (CATE), Department of Zoology,

16880 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16879–16884 J TT Spider diversity from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala Smitha & Sudhikumar

Table 1. List of spider species collected from cashew ecosystem with seasonal occurrence.

Seasonal occurrence IX. Philodromidae Species M S W Philodromus bigibbus (O. Pickard- 32 + - - I. Araneidae Cambridge, 1876) Anepsion maritatum (O. Pickard- X. Saltcidae 1 + - - Cambridge, 1877) Asemonea tenuipes (O. Pickard- 33 + + - 2 Araneus bilunifer Pocock, 1900 + + - Cambridge, 1869) 3 Araneus mitfcus (Simon, 1886) + - - 34 Bretus cingulatus Thorell, 1895 + - - 4 Argiope anasuja Thorell, 1887 + - - 35 Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846) + - - 5 Argiope pulchella Thorell, 1881 + + + 36 Epeus indicus Proszynski, 1992 + + + Epeus triangulopalpis Malamel, 6 Cyclosa bifda (Doleschall, 1859) + - - 37 Nafn, Sudhikumar & Sebastan, + - - 7 Cyclosa confraga (Thorell, 1892) + - - 2019 Harmochirus brachiatus (Thorell, 8 Cyrtarachne raniceps Pocock, 1900 + + - 38 + - - 1877) Cyrtophora citricola (Forsskal, 9 + - + 39 Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) - + - 1775) 10 Eriovixia excelsa (Simon, 1889) + - - 40 Hyllus semicupreus (Simon, 1885) + + + Indopadilla insularis (Malamel, 11 Eriovixia laglaizei (Simon, 1877) + - - 41 + - + Sankaran & Sebastan, 2015) Eriovixia poonaensis (Tikader & Menemerus bivitatus (Dufour, 12 + - - 42 + - - Bal, 1981) 1831) Gasteracantha geminata (Fabricius, Myrmaplata plataleoides (O. 13 + - + 43 + + - 1798) Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) 14 Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, 1980 - + + Myrmarachne ramunni Narayan, 44 + - - Neoscona molemensis Tikader & 1915 15 + - - Bal, 1981 Phintelloides jesudasi (Caleb & 45 + - - Parawixia dehaani (Doleschall, Mathai, 2014) 16 + - - 1859) Piranthus planolancis Malamel, Porcataraneus bengalensis 46 Nafn, Sudhikumar & Sebastan, + - - 17 + (Tikader, 1975) 2019) II. Cheiracanthiidae 47 Plexippus petersi (Karsch, 1878) + + + Cheiracanthium danieli Tikader, 48 Phintella vitata (C.L. Koch, 1846) + + + 18 + - + 1975 49 Porta fmbriata (Doleschall, 1859) + - - Cheiracanthium melanostomum 19 + - + (Thorell, 1895) 50 Rhene danieli Tikader, 1973 + - - III. Clubionidae 51 Siler semiglaucus (Simon, 1901) + - - Clubiona drassodes O. Pickard- 20 + - + 52 Telamonia dimidiata (Simon, 1899) + + + Cambridge, 1877 53 Thiania bhamoensis Thorell, 1887 + - - 21 Matdia incurvata Reimoser, 1934 + - + XI. Sparassidae IV. Corinnidae Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, Aetus decollatus O. Pickard- 54 + + + 22 + - - 1767) Cambridge, 1897 55 Olios millet (Pocock, 1901) + - - 23 Castaneira zetes Simon, 1897 + - - XII. Tetragnathidae V. Gnaphosidae Leucauge decorata (Blackwall, Drassodes delicatus (Blackwall, 56 + - + 24 + - - 1864) 1867) Tetragnatha viridorufa Gravely, 57 + - - 25 Gnaphosa rohtakensis Gajbe, 1992 + - - 1921 VI. Hersiliidae 58 Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877) + - + 26 Hersilia savignyi Lucas, 1836 + - - XIII. Theridiidae VII. Lycosidae 59 Nestcodes rufpes (Lucas, 1846) + - + Propostra quadrangulata Simon, 27 Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884) + - + 60 + - + 1894 28 Pardosa sumatrana (Thorell, 1890) + - - XIV. Thomisidae VIII. Oxyopidae 61 Strigoplus netravat Tikader, 1963 + - + 29 Oxyopes birmanicus Thorell, 1887 - + + 62 Thomisus projectus Tikader, 1960 + - + 30 Oxyopes javanus Thorell, 1887 - + + 63 Thomisus pugilis Stoliczka, 1869 + - + 31 Oxyopes wroughtoni Pocock, 1901 + + + M—Monsoon (June–November) | W—Winter (December–January) | S— Summer (March–May).

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16879–16884 16881 J TT Spider diversity from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala Smitha & Sudhikumar

Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Kerala. Table 2. Families, genera, species, and functonal guilds of spiders collected from cashew orchards of Cashew Research Staton, Madakkathara, Kerala. Results and Discussion Number Number A total of 63 species of spiders belonging to 52 genera Guild structure Family of genera of species under 14 families were identfed during this study (Table 1 Araneidae 11 17 Orb-web builders 1). The family with the highest number of species is Saltcidae with 21 species (33%), followed by Araneidae 2 Cheiracanthiidae 1 2 Foliage runners with 17 species (27%). The families Philodromidae and 3 Clubionidae 2 2 Foliage runners Hersiliidae were recorded with only a single species (Table 4 Corinnidae 2 2 Ground runners

2, Figure 2). A study of seasonal variaton showed that 5 Gnaphosidae 2 2 Ground runners more species (i.e., 59 species) were recorded during the 6 Hersiliidae 1 1 Ambushers monsoon followed by 26 species in winter and 16 species in summer (Figure 3). The sampled spiders belong to 7 Lycosidae 2 2 Ground runners six functonal groups (guilds) based on their foraging 8 Oxyopidae 1 3 Stalkers behavior (Uetz et al. 1999). The dominant guild was the 9 Philodromidae 1 1 Ambushers

stalkers with 24 species followed by orb-web builders (20 10 Saltcidae 20 21 Stalkers species), foliage runners (six species), ground runners 11 Sparassidae 2 2 Foliage runners (six species) and ambushers (fve species). Scatered line weavers (two species) were the least represented among 12 Tetragnathidae 3 3 Orb-web builders Scatered line 13 Theridiidae 2 2 the feeding guilds from the study area (Figure 4). weavers The study recorded 63 species of spiders belonging 14 Thomisidae 2 3 Ambushers to 14 families representng 22.95% of the total 61 Total 52 63 families reported from India. The maximum number of species was collected during monsoon, clearly indicatng the occurrence in response to the availability of prey populatons (Bhat et al. 2013), mainly leaf feeding caterpillars and leaf miners infestng cashew in the fushing phase coinciding August–September. This is followed by winter with crop in full bloom during which the inforescence pests are available in plenty. The availability of inforescence pests from December to April has supported the spiders during winter and even in the summer season as evidenced from the diversity with 16 species during summer.

Conclusion The present investgaton documents the diversity of Figure 3. Species diversity of spiders in a cashew ecosystem during spiders associated with cashew representng a perennial diferent seasons. agro-ecosystem. This data provides scope for further

Figure 4. Guild-wise distributon of species of spiders in a cashew Figure 2. Family diversity of spiders in a cashew ecosystem. ecosystem.

16882 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16879–16884 J TT Spider diversity from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala Smitha & Sudhikumar

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2020 | 12(13): 16879–16884 16883 J TT Spider diversity from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala Smitha & Sudhikumar

research on the relatonship of spider fauna with other Devasahayam, S. & C.P.R. Nair (1986). The tea mosquito bug, Helopelts antonii Signoret on cashew in India. Journal of Plantaton Crops 14: biotc factors in the background of bio-intensive pest 1–10. management in cashew. Further studies could focus on Kralj-Fiser, S. & M. Gregoric (2019). Spider welfare, pp.105–118. In: the variaton in the spider populaton with respect to Carere, C. & J. Mather (eds.). The Welfare of Invertebrate Animals. Vol. 18. Springer, Cham, 248pp. sprayed and unsprayed orchards. In an era of organic Marc, P., A. Canard & F. Ysnel (1999). Spiders (Araneae) useful for crop producton, a beter understanding of natural pest- pest limitaton and bioindicaton. Agriculture, Ecosystems and regulatng factors would assure an ecosystem-oriented Environment 74: 229–273. Raghavendra, N. (2001). Diversity of arboreal spiders in cashew pest management and a safe harvest. orchards. M.Sc. Dissertaton, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, 130pp. References Rajeshwaran, J.P., P. Duraimurugan & P.S. Shanmugam (2005). Role of spiders in agriculture and hortculture ecosystem. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 3: 147–152. Baba, Y.G., Y. Kusumoto & K. Tanaka (2018). Efects of agricultural Riechert, S.E. & L. Bishop (1990). Prey Control by an Assemblage of practce and fne-scale landscape factors on spiders and a pest insect Generalist Predators: Spiders in a Garden Test System. Ecology 71: in Japanese rice paddy ecosystems. Bio Control 63: 265–275. 1441–1450. htps://doi.org/10.2307/1938281 Beevi, P.S. & G.K. Mahapatro (2008). Species-spectrum and inter- Sundararaju, D. (1984). Studies on cashew pests and their natural relatonship between ant and spider fauna in cashew agro- enemies in Goa. Journal of Plantaton Crops 12: 38–46. ecosystem. Journal of Plantaton Crops 36(3): 375–381. Sundararaju, D. (2003). Record and cumulatve efect of recommended Bhat, P.S., K.K. Srikumar & T.N. Raviprasad (2013). Spider (Arachnida: insectcidal spray schedule on arthropod predatory fauna occurring Araneae), diversity, seasonality and status in cashew agro-ecosystem. on cashew. The Cashew 17(1): 30–33. Indian Journal of Arachnology 2 (2): 7–16. Uetz, G.W., J. Halaj & A.B. Cady (1999). Guild structure of spiders in Breene, R.G., R.L. Meagher & D.A. Dean (1993). Spiders (Araneae) major crops. The Journal of Arachnology 27: 270–280. and Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Texas Sugarcane Fields. The World Spider Catalog (2020). World Spider Catalog, Version 21.5. Florida Entomologist 76: 645–650. Natural History Museum Bern, online at htp://wsc.nmbe.ch. Caleb, J.T.D. & P.M. Sankaran (2020). Araneae of India. Version 2020, Accessed on 11 July 2020. online at htp:// www.indianspiders.in. Accessed on 28 July 2020. Yang, H., Y. Peng, J. Tian, J. Wang, B. Wei, C. Xie & Z. Wang. (2018). Rice Choudhury, J.C.B. (1962). Preliminary investgaton on the insect pests feld spiders in China: A review of the literature. Journal of Economic of cashew plants in Kerala. Indian Forester 88: 516–522. Entomology 111(1): 53–64.

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PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

September 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 13 | Pages: 16715–16926 Date of Publicaton: 26 September 2020 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2020.12.13.16715-16926

Review A checklist of buterfy fauna of Bankura Town, West Bengal, India – Ananya Nayak, Pp. 16868–16878 A history of primatology in India (In memory of Professor Sheo Dan Singh) – Mewa Singh, Mridula Singh, Honnavalli N. Kumara, Dilip Chetry & Santanu A diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala, Mahato, Pp. 16715–16735 India – Mamparambath Subramanian Smitha & Ambalaparambil V. Sudhikumar, Pp. 16879–16884 Communicatons Clinical and pathological fndings in a Dwarf Red Brocket Mazama rufna University campuses can contribute to wildlife conservaton in urbanizing (Mammalia: Cetartodactyla: Cervidae) atacked by dogs regions: a case study from Nigeria – Eduardo Alfonso Díaz, Gustavo Donoso, Carolina Sáenz, Ivete Dueñas & – Iliyasu Simon, Jennifer Che & Lynne R. Baker, Pp. 16736–16741 Francisco Cabrera, Pp. 16885–16890

Killer Whale Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Cetartodactyla: Indigenous uses and traditonal practces of endemic and threatened Chilgoza Delphinidae) predaton on Sperm Whales Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, Pine Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D.Don by tribal communites in Kinnaur District, 1758 (Mammalia: Cetartodactyla: Physeteridae) in the Gulf of Mannar, Himachal Pradesh, northwestern Himalaya Sri Lanka – Swaran Lata, P.S. Negi, S.S. Samant, M.K. Seth & Varsha, Pp. 16891–16899 – Ranil P. Nanayakkara, Andrew Suton, Philip Hoare & Thomas A. Jeferson, Pp. 16742–16751 Notes The Critcally Endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis in Sigur Plateau, Western Ghats, India: Populaton, breeding ecology, and Range extension and frst confrmed record of the Flightless Anomalure threats Zenkerella insignis (Matschie, 1898) (Mammalia: Rodenta: Anomaluridae) in – Arockianathan Samson & Balasundaram Ramakrishnan, Pp. 16752–16763 Nigeria – Dolapo Oluwafemi Adejumo, Taiye Adeniyi Adeyanju & Temidayo Esther Avifauna of Saurashtra University Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Adeyanju, Pp. 16900–16903 – Varsha Trivedi & Sanjay Vaghela, Pp. 16764–16774 Power lines as a threat to a canopy predator: electrocuted Harpy Eagle in Five new species of trap-door spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) southwestern Brazilian Amazon from India – Almério Câmara Gusmão, Danilo Degra, Odair Diogo da Silva, Lucas Simão – Manju Siliwal, Rajshekhar Hippargi, Archana Yadav & Dolly Kumar, de Souza, Angélica Vilas Boas da Frota, Carlos Augusto Tuyama, Maria Cristna Pp. 16775–16794 Tuyama, Thatane Martns da Costa, Ana Paula Dalbem, Adrian A. Barnet, Francisca Helena Aguiar-Silva & Manoel dos Santos Filho, Pp. 16904–16908 Rapid mult-taxa assessment around Dhamapur Lake (Sindhudurg, Maharashtra, India) using citzen science reveals signifcant odonate records First record of the Assam Leaf Turtle Cyclemys gemeli (Fritz et al. 2008) (Reptlia: – Neha Mujumdar, Dataprasad Sawant, Amila Sumanapala, Parag Rangnekar & Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India Pankaj Koparde, Pp. 16795–16818 – Aditya Pradhan, Niran Chetri & Saibal Sengupta, Pp. 16909–16911

Commercially and medicinally signifcant aquatc macrophytes: potental for Breeding biology of Malabar Tree Toad Pedostbes tuberculosus (Anura: improving livelihood security of indigenous communites in northern Bihar, Bufonidae) from Castle Rock, Karnataka, India India – Deepak Deshpande & Nikhil Gaitonde, Pp. 16912–16915 – Shailendra Raut, Nishikant Gupta, Mark Everard & Indu Shekhar Singh, Pp. 16819–16830 First record of Ourapteryx dierli Inoue, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from India Leaf nutrients of two Cycas L. species contrast among in situ and ex situ – Sanjay Sondhi, Dipendra Nath Basu & Krushnamegh Kunte, Pp. 16916–16919 locatons – Thomas E. Marler & Anders J. Lindström, Pp. 16831–16839 Notes on a communal roostng of two oakblues (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Arhopala) and the Common Emigrant (Pieridae: Catopsilia pomona) buterfies Contributon to the Macromycetes of West Bengal, India: 69–73 in Utarakhand, India – Diptosh Das, Prakash Pradhan, Debal Ray, Anirban Roy & Krishnendu Acharya, – Sohom Seal, Debanjan Sarkar, Agnish Kumar Das & Ankush Chowdhury, Pp. 16840–16853 Pp. 16920–16923

First report of mango leaf gall midge Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang Short Communicatons (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from India – Duraikannu Vasanthakumar, Senthilkumar Palanisamy & Radheshyam Murlidhar A new species of Platylestes Selys (Odonata: Zygoptera: Lestdae) from the Sharma, Pp. 16924–16926 coastal area of Kannur District, Kerala, India – K.G. Emiliyamma, Muhamed Jafer Palot & C. Charesh, Pp. 16854–16860

A frst complete documentaton of the early stages of Hampson’s Hedge Blue Acytolepis lilacea lilacea Hampson, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Publisher & Host Western Ghats, Kerala, India – V.K. Chandrasekharan & Muhamed Jafer Palot, Pp. 16861–16867

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