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Furthering National Development Through Sport, the Case of Qatar Wadih Ishac

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Furthering National Development Through Sport, the Case of Qatar Wadih Ishac Furthering national development through sport, the case of Qatar Wadih Ishac To cite this version: Wadih Ishac. Furthering national development through sport, the case of Qatar. Business administra- tion. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. English. ฀NNT : 2018UBFCH037฀. ฀tel-02071444฀ HAL Id: tel-02071444 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02071444 Submitted on 18 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université de Bourgogne Discipline : Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Par ISHAC Wadih August 2018 Furthering national development through sport, the case of Qatar Directeur de thèse : BOUCHET Patrick, Professeur des Universités, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté Co-directeur de thèse : SOBRY Claude, Professeur des Universités, Université de Lille 2 Jury : Président : Mohammed Kaach, Professeur, Institut National des Sports Moulay Rachid Rapporteurs : Ati Abdessatar Professeur, Jazan University Kaouther Kooli Professeur, Bournemouth University Sorina Cernaianu,Professeur, University of Craiova Win if you can Lose if you must But never QUIT Cameron Trammell Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration, except where specifically indicated in the text. It has not been previously submitted, in part or whole, to any university of institution for any degree, diploma, or other qualification. Signed: ______________________________________________________________ Date: _________________________________________________________________ WADIH ISHAC Dijon I Acknowledgments It was nice seeing my self-growth through the eyes of the people that countered me while working on my Ph.D. These people inspired me in one way or another. I would like to thank Pr. Claude Sobry for his patience through guiding this work, and Pr. Patrick Bouchet for all the feedback he gave me. Mrs. Sorina Cernaianu your support was highly seen, especially with the result attended. Thank you all; without your dedication and help, we couldn’t have been able to accomplish this. Last but not least, for the person who has become a part of my family, thank you Stefan Rusyniak; your support was highly valued. Here we go, I always used to tell you that I would never graduate until I finished my Ph.D., and guess what I’m doing now…. I am thankful for what you made me become today, and if I learned something, it is to believe in myself and to dedicate everything for the benefits of humanity, without forgetting the encouragement you were always providing me with when listening to all my fears and problems. Und schließlich vielen Dank für alles. II Abstract: When we mention international relations, we generally talk about diplomacy and investment, but there are other ways of promoting the interests of a government on the international stage. Sport can be used as tool to improve diplomacy between countries, as well as developing economic and social interests. Additionally, sport takes an important place in shaping the image of a nation, while it improves the integration process of young generations into the world. One of the main interests, from a government perspective, in the use of sport, is to generate a positive emotional connection to a host nation - what is known as soft power. The aim of this work is to explore some of the ways in which sport is used to generate this power, and how it can provide a type of control or influence. Specifically, it will focus on the State of Qatar. This work is separated to three main parts. First I present the development of sport and the way sport events were used by different countries and political regimes, and the impact generated. Second, I try to understand the impact generated from Qatar investment in the French football team Paris Saint- Germain. And third, I measured the socio-psychological impact generated on the young generation from hosting international sport events, as in the case of the Handball World championship 2015.This work sets to clarify how allowing such investment is perceived as an opportunity for development within the society, and to improve diplomacy. Additionally, focussing on the young generation allows me to study the evolution of how sport is an important tool in the process of socialization of young people into global society. Based on my research, I argue that the result of the Paris Saint-Germain investment was a "win-win" situation between France and Qatar on the social, economic, and political level. Also, using sport events generated positive emotional impact, making the residents admire the vision of the government. The young generation, regardless nationality has a positive view of government efforts to improve and develop itself - the Qatari government's vision was salient to the young generation in Qatar. Keywords: Political impact, Social impact; Impact analysis; Foreign investment, Sport event; Benefits; Qatar, France. III Résumé: Lorsque nous parlons de relations internationales, nous parlons généralement de diplomatie et d'investissement, Le sport peut être utilisé comme outil pour améliorer la diplomatie entre les pays, ainsi que pour développer les intérêts économiques et sociaux. De plus, le sport occupe une place importante dans le repositionnement de l'image d'une nation, tout en améliorant le processus d'intégration des jeunes générations dans le monde. L'un des principaux intérêts, du point de vue du gouvernement, est de créer un lien affectif positif avec la nation hôte de l’évènement sportif. Ce qu'on appelle le soft power. Le but de ce travail est d'explorer certaines des façons dont le sport est utilisé pour générer ce pouvoir, et comment il peut contribuer à générer du contrôle ou à provoquer de l'influence, en se concentrant sur l'État du Qatar. Ce travail est séparé en trois parties principales. Je présente d'abord le développement du sport et la manière dont les événements sportifs ont été utilisés par différents pays et régimes politiques, ainsi que l'impact généré. Deuxièmement, j'essaie de comprendre l'impact généré par l'investissement du Qatar dans l'équipe de football française du Paris Saint-Germain. Et troisièmement, en mesurant l'impact socio-psychologique généré par la jeune génération en organisant des événements sportifs internationaux, le cas du championnat du monde de handball 2015. Ce travail vise à clarifier comment un tel investissement est perçu comme une opportunité de développement au sein de la société, et d'améliorer la diplomatie. En se concentrant sur l'évolution dont le sport est utilisé comme un outil important dans le processus de socialisation des jeunes dans la société mondiale. Sur la base de mes recherches, le résultat de l'investissement dans le Paris Saint-Germain était une situation «gagnant-gagnant» entre la France et le Qatar sur le plan social, économique et politique. De plus, l'utilisation des événements sportifs a eu un impact émotionnel positif, faisant admirer aux résidents la vision du gouvernement. La jeune génération, quelle que soit sa nationalité, a une vision positive des efforts du gouvernement pour s'améliorer et se développer. La vision du gouvernement du Qatar était saillante pour la jeune génération au Qatar. Mots-clés: Impact politique, Impact social; Analyse d'impact; Investissement étranger, événement sportif; Avantages; Qatar, France. IV Contents Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... I Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................... II Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 The significance of the study .......................................................................................................... 1 The central question of the study .................................................................................................. 18 The methodology of the study ...................................................................................................... 22 The structure of the study ............................................................................................................. 25 1 Chapter one: The history of the use of sport as a major world power .................................. 30 1.1 Globalization and Global Players ...................................................................................... 30 1.1.1 Politics of Sports and the Global Capital ....................................................................... 32 1.1.2 Modification of Global Politics and Culture by Sports .................................................. 33 1.1.3 Cosmopolitanism Sports: Global Language ..................................................................
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