Download Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1St Edition Free

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Download Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1St Edition Free CONSTANTINE AND THE COUNCIL OF NICAEA 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK David E Henderson | --- | --- | --- | 9781469631424 | --- | --- The Council of Nicaea: Pagan Emperor Constantine Used Christianity to Unify Church and State The Council also dealt with a number of minor issues, such as self-castration which was all the rage among teenagers at the time and the NoVatianists Christians from Northern Virginia who argued that the Nicene Creed was "too Southern" as it currently stood. By that time, the accumulation of errors in the Julian solar and lunar calendars had made it the de facto state of affairs that Julian Easter always followed Hebrew Nisan The first known Cathars popped up in Limousin in central France in the early s; they were promptly put to death by the Church as heretics. I give the English translation of the relevant section from the source, linked above:. Just as pop stardom most often depends on possessing abundant talent and a great capacity for hard work, it also can require being in the right place at the right time. It seems a participants were expected to memorise what had been agreed. Arians and Meletians soon regained nearly all of the rights they had lost, and consequently, Arianism continued to spread and be a subject of debate within the Church during the remainder of the fourth century. So, that tension between what the hierarchy of the Church in their scarlet robes said your parish priest should do, and Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1st edition he really did, was just a normal, accepted part of life. Eustathius of Antioch was deposed and exiled in Constantine Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1st edition the Council of Nicaea had absolutely nothing to do with deciding which texts would be in the Bible, and which texts would be omitted. Ancient Places. This belief is known as Arianism, names after Arius of Alexandria. The initial number of bishops supporting Arius was small. The bodies of the first Christian martyrs were buried in the Roman-style necropolises. And you need to understand the place of Christianity in Roman society after the death of Jesus up until Constantine and the Council. Live TV. Athanasius believed that Christ was divine, had always been divine, and was not a created entity. Easter: The date of Easter and its controversies. Canonical documents. Sacramental law. The council attempted but failed to establish a uniform date for Easter. Christianity portal History portal Religion portal Turkey portal. He had 20, men, women, and children burned alive. The Council declared that the Son was true God, coeternal with the Father and begotten from His same substance, arguing that such a doctrine best codified the Scriptural presentation of the Son as well as traditional Christian belief about him handed down from the Apostles. They have many acceptable names for God, the most common being Adonai, which simply means "My Lord," or Elohim, meaning "god," a generic word for a god of any religion. Council of Nicea. The revolutionary invention of the wheel. The largest that can be seen today are the catacombs of St. London:Williams and Norgate. However the Gnostics lacked credibility and were always punching each other and coming up with new theological ideas every hour. The names are spelled right. Wikimedia Commons Wikisource. There is no record of any discussion Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1st edition the biblical canon at the Council. First Council of Nicaea The Council declared that the Son was true God, coeternal with the Father and begotten from His same substance, arguing that such a doctrine best codified the Scriptural presentation of the Son as well as traditional Christian belief about him handed down from the Apostles. One purpose of the Council was to resolve disagreements arising from within the Church of Alexandria over the nature of the Son in his relationship to the Father: in particular, whether the Son had Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1st edition 'begotten' by the Father from his own being, and therefore having no beginning, or else created out of nothing, and therefore having a beginning. Christians, these thinkers argued, should abandon the custom of relying on Jewish informants and instead do their own computations to determine which month should be Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1st edition Nisan, setting Easter within this independently computed, Christian Nisan, which would always locate the festival after the equinox. The Cathars in the south of France did precisely the same thing, having their final ritual of swearing to the ascetic life, called the consolamentum, put off until they were aged or dying. They had suffered oppressions off and on since their inception, the worst being under Nero. The Vatican wasn't even built until the 14th century, and it was quite some time after that before it came to be an interchangeable term with Catholic hierarchy. Floki and the Viking Discovery of Iceland. Cambridge University Press. Council of Serdica and the ecumenical First Council of Constantinople. Keep in mind that Constantine was a neophyte Christian. It was a novel way to resolve disputes but effective. Clergy ordained by Melitius were ordered to yield precedence to those ordained by Alexander, and they were not to do anything without the consent of Bishop Alexander. Email address. The twenty as listed in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers [64] are as follows:. Alexander of Alexandria and Athanasius took the first position; the popular presbyter Ariusfrom whom the term Arianism comes, took the second. Major figures. Privacy policy About Uncyclopedia Disclaimers Mobile view. It seemed a simple idea on papyrus but Constantine hadn't factored in the Christian habit of libellous invective and off-hand condemnation of anything that didn't agree with a particular world view. During the First Council of Nicaea in A. Today, most scholars think that the Creed is derived from the baptismal creed of Jerusalemas Hans Lietzmann proposed. Try this one on a rabbi. Index Outline Glossary Lists of Catholics. These bishops did not travel alone; each one had permission to bring with him two priests and three deaconsso the total number of attendees could have been above 1, The majority of the bishops agreed. When Christ said he was coming back, and the judgment was at hand, they thought he meant next week. So, a new explanation arose in the s that seemed to paper over this subject. I Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1st edition that all men were even as myself; but every one hath his proper gift from God. The Emperor Constantine presided over the opening of the council and contributed to the discussion. The source of this idea appears in a late ninth-century Greek manuscript, now called the Synodicon Vetuswhich presents itself as an epitome of the decisions of Greek councils up to that time see pp. The catacombs were largely forgotten until large-scale exploration of them began in the s. Council of Nicaea concludes Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Bythe fighting was ended by a treaty, and the Inquisition officially began to exterminate the last of the Cathars. They represented 5 percent to 8 percent of the population. Man lived in sin and did the best he could to earn forgiveness. Over the past two centuries, Europe has become increasingly Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1st edition. Other glue sniffers. Actually essentially, under Constantine, the concept of the Catholic or Universal, Catholic meaning Universal religion, the official Roman religion, as that which was a composite of various religious writings which were brought together to form that which is known as the Christian religion. Constantine organized the Council along the lines of the Roman Senate. France's new year-old King Louis VIII was eager to expand his realm and entered the crusade with great ferocity in Augustine, St. Once Constantine withdrew to go back to Byzantium to catch the 4. Melitius, it was decided, should remain in his own city of Lycopolis in Egypt, but without exercising authority or the power to ordain new clergy; he was forbidden to go into the environs of the town or to enter another diocese for the purpose of ordaining its subjects. They also illustrate, along with the Inquisition, the darkest page of Catholic history. Eastern Orthodox icon depicting the First Council of Nicaea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Truman had already intervened in another railway dispute The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, I am right and those who oppose can go burn. The First Council of Nicaea. Council of Jerusalem Pre-ecumenical. Even St. London:Williams and Norgate. Kenneth Brighenti, PhD [Wiley]. Zacharius was said to take Holy Communion stark naked and live in sin with nuns. Kauffman, as a correction to the anachronism created by the assumption that each bishop was already presiding over a whole diocese at the time of the Council. Eusebius speaks of an almost innumerable host of accompanying priests, deacons, and acolytes. Penal law. One purpose of the Council was to resolve disagreements arising from within the Church of Alexandria over the nature of the Son in his relationship to the Father: in particular, whether the Son had been 'begotten' by the Father from his own being, and Constantine and the Council of Nicaea 1st edition having no beginning, or else created out of nothing, and therefore having a beginning. One of the most important outcomes of the Council of Nicaea was the formulation of the Nicene Creed, which is still used as a profession of faith by many of the Christian denominations.
Recommended publications
  • Ecumenical Councils Preparing for Next Week (Disciple 6–Eucharist 1)
    January St. Dominic’s RCIA Program Disciple The Church: 15 History & Teaching 4 Goal • Having switched the Disciple 4 & 5 weeks, we looks at an overview of the Sacraments last week (Disciple 5), and explored the Sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation. These Sacraments are two of the three that initiate us into the Church community, and into Christ’s body and mission. This week we’ll continue to unpack the meaning of Church by looking broadly at its history one the last 2000 years. We’ll also explore it’s role as Teacher. How does the Church function in and through history? How does God walk with the Church through it all? Agenda • Welcome/Housekeeping (10) • Questions & Answers • Introduction to the Rosary (15) Discussion (15): • If the Church is The Body of Christ, what does this mean for Christ’s presence in the world through history and in the world today? • What do I admire about the Catholic Church’s activity in history? Does any part of the Church’s activity in history disturb or upset me? • How do I (might I) listen to what the Church has to say today? What is my approach/attitude to the Church as “Teacher”? • Presentation: The Church: History (35) • Break (10) • Presentation: The Church: Teaching & Belief (30) • Discussion (time permitting): • What is special to this moment in history? • What is the Good News of Christ & the Church that speaks to this moment in history? • How can the body of Christ proclaim & witness the Gospel and walk with others today? Housekeeping Notes • Rite of Acceptance: February 10th at the 11:30am and 5:30 Masses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latin Fathers the 3Nd
    GOOD SHEPHERD LUTHERAN CHURCH Gaithersburg, Maryland The History of the Early Christian Church Unit Two – The Early Church Fathers “Who Were They?” “Why Do We Remember Them?” The Latin Fathers The 3nd. of Three Sessions in Unit Two The 7th Sunday of Easter - The Sunday after the Ascension – May 14, 2020 (Originally Scheduled / Prepared for the 4th Sunday of Lent, 2020) I. Now Just Where Were We? It has been a long time since we were considering the Church Fathers in Unit 2. This is a “pick up session,” now that we have completed the 14 other sessions of this series on The History of the Early Christian Church. Some may remember that we were giving our attention to the early Church Fathers when the interruption of the Covid19 virus descended upon us, and we found ourselves under stay at home policies. Thanks to our pastor’s leadership ond our well equipped communications equipment and the skill of Pilip Muschke, we were able to be “on line` almost St. Jerome - Translator of Latin Vulgate instanetly. We missed only one session between our live class 4-5th Century and our first on line class. Today, we pick up the session we missed. We had covered two sessions of the three session Unit 2. The first of these sessions was on The Apostolic Fathers. These were those who had either known our Lord or known those who did. Among those would have been the former disciples of Jesus or the early first generation apostles. These were the primary sources to whom the ministry of our Lord was “handed off.” Saint Paul was among them.
    [Show full text]
  • First Council of Nicaea First Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church, Held in 325 on the Occasion of the Heresy of Arius (Arianism)
    The First Council of Nicaea First Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church, held in 325 on the occasion of the heresy of Arius (Arianism). As early as 320 or 321 St. Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, convoked a council at Alexandria at which more than one hundred bishops from Egypt and Libya anathematized Arius. The latter continued to officiate in his church and to recruit followers. Being finally driven out, he went to Palestine and from there to Nicomedia. During this time St. Alexander published his “Epistola encyclicato which Arius repliedbut henceforth it was evident that the quarrel had gone beyond possibility of human control. Sozomen even speaks of a Council of Bithynia which addressed an encyclical to all the bishops asking them to receive the Arians into the communion of the Church. This discord, and the war which soon broke out between Constantine and Licinius, added to the disorder and partly explains the progress of the religious conflict during the years 322-3. Finally Constantine, having conquered Licinius and become sole emperor, concerned himself with the re-establishment of religious peace as well as of civil order. He addressed letters to St. Alexander and to Arius deprecating these heated controversies regarding questions of no practical importance, and advising the adversaries to agree without delay. It was evident that the emperor did not then grasp the significance of the Arian controversy. Hosius of Cordova, his counsellor in religious matters, bore the imperial letter to Alexandria, but failed in his conciliatory mission. Seeing this, the emperor, perhaps advised by Hosius, judged no remedy more apt to restore peace in the Church than the convocation of an oecumenical council.
    [Show full text]
  • TIMELINE of EARLY CHRISTIAN HISTORY: 100 AD to 800 AD C 100 St
    TIMELINE OF EARLY CHRISTIAN HISTORY: 100 AD TO 800 AD c 100 St. John dies. End of Apostolic age 107 Ignatius of Antioch martyred 156 Polycarp martyred 161-180 Persecution of Christians increases under Marcus Aurelius c 165 Justin Martyr martyred c 180 Irenaeus of Lyon writes Against Heresies 184 Birth of Origen 250 Persecution of Christians under Decius 253 Death of Origen, shortly after suffering two years of imprisonment and torture 303-312 The Diocletian persecution – the Roman empire’s last, largest and bloodiest persecution of Christians 310 Armenia becomes the first country to adopt Christianity as its official religion. 312 Constantine, at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, experiences vision of the cross carrying the message, In Hoc Signo Vinces ("with this sign, you shall win") 313 Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, providing for the toleration of Christianity and Christians c 323 Eusebius of Caesarea completes Ecclesiastical History 325 First Council of Nicaea (the first ecumenical council) is convened by Constantine. Debate rages over whether Christ is of the "same substance" or "similar substance" to God. The position of Arius, that Christ was of “similar substance” (i.e., that he is a created being), is refuted. Nicene Creed is drawn up, declaring Christ to be "Begotten, not made; of one essence with the Father." 324 Constantinople becomes capital of the Roman Empire 349 Birth of John Chrysostom 354 Birth of Augustine of Hippo 367 Athanasius, in his annual festal letter to the churches of Alexandria, lists the 27 books he believed should constitute the New Testament 380 Theodosius issues the Edict of Thessalonica, declaring Nicene Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire 381 First Council of Constantinople is convened by Theodosius.
    [Show full text]
  • Jesus & His Church Timeline
    Jesus and His Church Jesus is born [~6 BC] Jesus ministry, death & resurrection 1 Paul’s conversion [35 AD] 2 3 John writes Revelation Peter’s death [64 – 65 AD] [95 - 96 AD] 7 6 Apostle James death [42-44 AD] 4 st 2 Paul’s death [67 AD] Paul’s 1 trip [47-48 AD] nd Paul’s 2 trip 2 8 [50-52 AD] Clement of Rome [95-96 AD] rd Paul’s 3 trip [53-57 AD] 2 40 10 BC 1 AD 10 AD 20 AD 30 AD AD 50 AD 60 AD 70 AD 80 AD 90 AD 100 AD Caesar Augustus [31 BC – 14 AD] Tiberius [14 – 37 AD] Claudius Nero Vespasian Domitian Trajan [41 – 54 AD] [54 – 68 AD] [69 – 79 AD] [81 – 96 AD] [96 – 117 AD] 5 Herod Antipas [4 BC – 39 AD] Herod Agrippa II 5 Herod Herod 5 [50 – 100 AD] the Great 5 Agrippa I [37 – 4 BC] [37 – 44 AD] Temple destroyed [70 AD] 1 Jesus’ ministry lasted for 3 to 3 ½ years. The exact date of His ministry is uncertain. We are told in Luke 3:23 that Jesus was about 30 years old when He began His ministry. The Tyndale Bible Dictionary dates the crucifixion at 30 AD (p. 997). But scholars differ on the exact date. 2 Several dates for Paul were found in the Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary. 3 Peter’s death is place around 64 – 65 AD by the Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary. 4 Paul’s death probably occurred in 67 AD as mentioned in the Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary.
    [Show full text]
  • CHECKING out the BIBLE January 30/31, 2019 Rev
    CHRISTIANITY & RABINNIC JUDAISM CHECKING OUT THE BIBLE January 30/31, 2019 Rev. John Fanestil From Daniel Boyarin, Dying for God Wednesdays through Feb. 27 "… we need to speak of a twin birth of Christianity and • 10:30 – 11:30 am, Linder Hall rabbinic Judaism as two forms of Judaism, and not of a Thursdays through Feb. 28 genealogy in which one - Judaism - is parent of the other – • 12 noon – 1:00 pm, Online • RSVP to [email protected] Christianity … rabbinic Judaism was born on the heels, indeed, holding the heel, of its elder brother, the Church." INTRODUCTION 1. The Bible as a Library "… for at least the first three centuries of their common lives, THE DIVERSITY OF THE BIBLE Judaism in all its forms and Christianity in all of its forms were 2. The Books (& Shelves) of the Old Testament part of one complex, religious family, twins in a womb, 3. The Books (& Shelves) of the New Testament contending with each other for identity and precedence, but THE UNITY OF THE BIBLE sharing to a large extent the same spiritual food …" 4. The Formation of the Scriptures 5. The Printing of the Bible “I shall refer to 'Judaism' and 'Christianity,' not as religions, but THE BIBLE IN AMERICAN CONTEXT as 'conversations,' thus capturing, somewhat anachronistically 6. The (Protestant) Origins of American Culture 7. Modernism, Fundamentalism and Beyond to be sure, the sense of nondifferentiation that I wish to CONCLUSION emphasize." 8. Living the Bible "… without the power of the orthodox Church and the Rabbis MARK YOUR CALENDARS – Wednesdays 10:30 – 11:30 am: Bible Study to declare people heretics and outside the system it remained 11:30 am – 12:15 pm: Lunch (RSVP – 619-297-4366) impossible to declare phenomenologically who was a Jew and 12:15 – 1:00 pm: Program who was a Christian." Guest Wi-Fi Password: Linder1924 TANAKH = HEBREW SCRIPTURES = “OLD TESTAMENT” EARLY CHRISTIAN CREEDS, COUNCILS & CANON • TORAH = ______________________ • 140-150 A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Church Councils
    11. Church Councils The first question that needs to be answered when discussing Church Councils is just what do we mean by that term. Technically (or at least according to The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church) a Council is “A formal meeting of bishops and representatives of several churches convened for the purpose of regulating doctrine and discipline.”1 And while that is true, for purposes of this discussion we are going to focus on the councils that most of the church acknowledges to be councils. Which may sound a bit strange but stick with me for a moment. The Eastern Church’s definition of a council is one where the entire church is assembled. Meaning that if The Episcopal Church had a council it would not matter because the Orthodox were not there, nor were the Catholics or National Baptist Evangelical Life and Soul Saving Assembly of the U.S.A. (I didn’t make that up). In their view in order for a council to be real everyone in Christendom has to be there and in their mind the last time that happened was at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787. So for purposes of this we are going to look at the first seven councils of the church. We will skip the council of Jerusalem because we already touched on that in another lesson. Also just to confuse things a little more the Oriental Orthodox Church which includes Armenia and Ethiopia only acknowledge the first three Church councils. What follows is a brief overview of the first seven councils, the ones that Anglicans recognize, and what issues were decided there.
    [Show full text]
  • To Tell You the Whole Truth About the Church and the Holy Bible
    Table of Contents Introduction The Church: ● Its Beginning, Successes, Failures ● The 21 Ecumenical Councils Of The Church ● Origins Of Well-Known Non-Christian Religions ● Origins Of Christian Churches The Bible: ● Its Beginning, Development, Preservation ● Approximate Dates Books Were Written ● How The Bible Was Written ● Important Translations Of The Bible Questions Often Asked, And Answers: ● Have You Been Saved? ● Scripture Alone ● Purgatory ● Infant Baptism ● Mary ● Father ● His Disciples ● Names Of Popes ● The Pope ● Rites ● The Inquisitions ● What's In A Name? ● Did You Know That It Is Not In The Bible? Conclusion Figures: ● The History Of The Catholic Church ● How The Bible Developed ● Number of Inspired Books In The Old Testament ● Writings Which the Catholic Church Decided to be the "Canon" of Scripture of the New Testament ● Sources For English Translations ● The 21 Eastern Catholic Churches And Their Rites Introduction We, the pastor and parishioners of St.Charles Borromeo Catholic Church who have put this booklet together, hope you find it interesting (short as it is). It is only a bird's eye view of the history of the Church and the Bible, with short answers to a few questions. Many of the questions we are asked come from people who are familiar with the King James Version of the Bible, so we decided to use quotations from that version, unless otherwise indicated. We invite everyone to research history, the teachings of the Catholic Church and the Bible in order to arrive at the whole truth which has been revealed to us by God. Jesus said, "And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." John 8:32 St.
    [Show full text]
  • "One" and "I": Dimensions of Ritual Unity and Individuality in the Liturgical Practice of the Catholic Nicene Creed
    Bates College SCARAB Honors Theses Capstone Projects 5-2020 "One" and "I": Dimensions of Ritual Unity and Individuality in the Liturgical Practice of the Catholic Nicene Creed Jack M. McLarnon Bates College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation McLarnon, Jack M., ""One" and "I": Dimensions of Ritual Unity and Individuality in the Liturgical Practice of the Catholic Nicene Creed" (2020). Honors Theses. 313. https://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses/313 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Capstone Projects at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “One” and “I” Dynamics of Ritual Unity and Individuality in the Liturgical Practice of the Catholic Nicene Creed An Honors Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Departments of Anthropology and Religious Studies Bates College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts By Jack M. McLarnon Lewiston, Maine May 1, 2020 Acknowledgements This thesis is only possible due to the support, advice, and contributions of several exception people in my life. First, I extend my warm gratitude to every member of the Prince of Peace Parish, especially those who were generous and thoughtful enough to share their points of view during our interviews. Second, I thank my family and friends who have been so understanding with their help and consideration throughout my writing process. Third, I thank Bates Library Services, because without their hard work every year, neither I nor my peers could ever hope to complete our theses.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecumenical-Councils-Fact-Sheet.Pdf
    Ecumenical Councils Fact Sheet What was the Council of Jerusalem? In the early Church a question arose concerning Gentile converts to the Faith. Paul’s missionary activity brought growing numbers of Gentile converts but some within the Church believed these new converts should follow Jewish dietary restrictions and the law of circumcision. The issue threatened to divide the Church as strongly opinionated groups formed around Saint James the Less, bishop of Jerusalem, who believed in the tenants of the Circumcision Party, and St. Paul, who argued that Christ fulfilled the Law and therefore circumcision was no longer required. In order to resolve the conflict, the apostles gathered in Jerusalem, where after some debate, Peter spoke on the issue in favor of not requiring circumcision and dietary restrictions of the Gentiles. James agreed but proposed Gentile converts follow the law of “strangers among the Jews” (i.e. do not eat meat offered to false gods, or the flesh of strangled animals, and refrain from engaging in temple prostitution) as given by Moses. James’ amendment was accepted and the apostles decided to promulgate their decision by sending Paul, Barnabas, and a few other men with letters to Antioch to inform the Christian community in the city. The council of Jerusalem was an important event in the life of the Church since it set the procedures for how disagreements and questions of importance were decided by the Church’s leadership. This “council” is not listed among the twenty-one ecumenical councils in Church history because it was an apostolic gathering and significantly pre-dates the ecumenical meetings.
    [Show full text]
  • Vatican II Series 2.Pub
    Joy and Hope in Christ: Vatican II Part 2 in a series 2014 Holy Family continues to observe the 50th The Ecumenical Councils of the Church wide variety of concerns, chief among them anniversary of Vatican II, which began on October the process for electing a Pope. Many of the 11, 1962, and closed on December 8, 1965. First Council of Nicaea (325) rules this council established are still binding Throughout the year, we’ll mark this milestone First Council of Constantinople (381) today. anniversary by celebrating the council, and exploring Council of Ephesus (431) THE FOURTH COUNCIL OF THE LATERAN its teachings through special bulletin covers and Council of Chalcedon (451) (1215) decreed that Christians should go to inserts, newsletter articles, videos and other materials. Second Council of Constantinople (553) confession and Communion at least once a A whirlwind tour Third Council of Constantinople (680-681) year, during the Easter season. It also of the Ecumenical Councils Second Council of Nicaea (730) clarified the church’s teaching on the An “ecumenical council” in the church is one Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870) Eucharist and the doctrine of to which all the bishops of the world are First Council of the Lateran (1123) transubstantiation. invited. Here is a whirlwind tour of the first Second Council of the Lateran (1139) THE FIRST COUNCIL OF LYON (1245) was 20 ecumenical councils of the church. highly political. Its main action was to During the coming year, we will be marking Third Council of the Lateran (1179) depose Emperor Frederick II of Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar and Dates of Easter Sunday
    THE DATES OF EASTER SUNDAY ><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><> On the Julian, Gregorian and Lunar Calendars, the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea, the Vernal Equinox and the Paschal Full Moon. <><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<>< Panos Antsaklis Notre Dame, Indiana Why is Easter Celebrated on Different Sundays in the Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic and Protestant Churches? Easter Sunday is the most important day of the year for Christians around the world. Easter is celebrated in the Spring, but when exactly? The dates of Easter seem to be changing every year following a mystifying pattern that seems impossible to predict. What is perhaps even more confusing is the fact that Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic and Protestant Churches typically celebrate Easter on different Sundays each year, but not always! The calculation of future dates of Easter is and has always been a very important matter in the Christian churches, because Easter celebrates the Passion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter also determines the dates of a number of other religious feasts each year, which are called movable feasts in the church calendar. Note that Christmas is an immovable feast and it is celebrated by all on December 25 every year. Some Churches celebrate Christmas on January 7, but this is due only to different calendars used, Julian and Gregorian, as it is explained below. The reason for the apparent confusion regarding the dates of Easter is that they are determined based on both lunar and solar calendars, and in fact different solar calendars, and on ancient rules that are interpreted differently by the Eastern and Western churches.
    [Show full text]