Turbocad 2D Training Guide

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2D Training Guide 2D CAD

2D CAD Training for TurboCAD Users www.turbocad.com Product Overview This training guide is designed for the TurboCAD® user who is perhaps learning

CAD for the first time. It is also useful for anyone wishing to learn TurboCAD in Turbo a self-paced, structured session format. The TurboCAD 2D Training Guide covers all key 2D features in TurboCAD through easy to use, step-by-step trainings that allows the user to build their own projects, while simultaneously 2D Training Guide learning new features.

Task Worksheet

Session Content CAD A Task Worksheet at the beginning of each session contains specific instructions about the Session, similar to the illustration. All sessions are single session, from start to finish, which means drawings can easily be

completed in the recommended 2D Training Guide timeframe.

What’s Included: • TurboCAD Basics - A 2D audio-visual introduction to put you on the fast-track for learning TurboCAD. Learn the tools and techniques of this amazing CAD design software using the new TurboCAD interface. • A 350 page electronic workbook with 14 comprehensive sessions for learning CAD. • Over 200 Task-Specific QuickCAMs. • Session summaries for a concise review of progress. • Audio Assist is provided for hearing impaired users, or for PC's on which there is no audio equipment.

Also available: TurboCAD 3D Training Guide 2D CAD Includes: • More advanced skill training for those that want to extend beyond 2D drawings • 3D rendering using photo-realistic models • Much, much, more!

IMSI/Design, LLC System Requirements: 25 Leveroni Ct, Ste B • Pentium IV Processor • Microsoft® Windows® XP 512 MB RAM Novato, CA 94949 Windows Vista® 1 GB RAM 415.483.8000 • 300 MB of Free Hard Disk Space Fax: 415.884.9023 64 MB of Swap Space www.imsidesign.com • Super VGA (1024 x768) display 7 3 0 5 2 6 3 5 9 5 9 6 • High Color (16 bit) graphics card www.turbocad.com • DVD-ROM drive 2D CAD Training for TurboCAD Users 02TCP5163

This training program was developed by Tri-CAD Technologies (Pty) Ltd. For more information on our other CAD educational software, including our innovative CAD in Schools series, kindly visit our website at www.tricad.co.za

OWNERSHIP OF CONTENT The author owns exclusive rights to the contents of this document and its associated drawings, lesson content and audio visual tutorials. Ownership includes, but is not limited to both printed and electronic versions of this material.

COPYRIGHT The copyright of this material is reserved. No part of this document or its associated audio visual material may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or translated into any other language or in any form without explicit and written permission from the author.

DISCLAIMER The author makes no warranty, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to any warranties of merchant liability or fitness for a particular purpose regarding this document.

In no event shall the author be liable to anyone for damages in connection or arising out of the use of this material.

Table of Contents

Introduction About this Syllabus Module...... 1 Symbols & Icons ...... 1 Using this program ...... 3 System Requirements ...... 3 Using the educational program...... 3 The Interactive Contents page ...... 4 Using the interactive index ...... 6 The Search Page ...... 6 The Task Drawing...... 7 The Task Worksheet...... 8 The Task Activity ...... 9 About SIMuLATE...... 10 Using the QuickCAMs...... 11 Audio Assist...... 11 The Practical Sessions ...... 12 The SuperSession ...... 12 The Session Summary ...... 13

TurboCAD Basics Starting a new drawing ...... 14 The Student Template ...... 14 The Graphics Editor ...... 15 Graphics Editor ...... 15 The User Interface ...... 16 Tools Palette & Menu Panels ...... 16 Object Information...... 19 Status Bar...... 20 Inspector Bar ...... 20

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide i Table of Contents

Properties Sheet ...... 21 The Selection Info Palette ...... 21 Drawing Aids...... 22 Layers...... 23 Grid ...... 23 Snap Modes ...... 24 Running Snap Mode...... 24 Single Entry Keyboard Equivalents...... 25 Sketch Objects ...... 26 Drawing Tools ...... 26 Construction Objects ...... 27 Annotation...... 27 Dimensions...... 28 Hatch ...... 28 Text...... 29 Drawing Constraints...... 29 Object Handling ...... 29 Object Selection...... 30 Adding & Removing objects ...... 30 Open Window Mode ...... 30 Select...... 30 Selector Shell...... 30 Window Selection...... 30 Object Manipulation ...... 30 Object Modification ...... 31 Object Duplication ...... 31 Coordinates...... 32 Spatial Information...... 32 Polar Coordinates...... 33 Rectangular Coordinates ...... 33 Measurement Information...... 33 Distance ...... 34 Perimeter ...... 34 Angle...... 34 Area...... 35

Session One The Design Director ...... 37 Changing an Object's Layer ...... 38 Creating a new layer...... 39 Assigning color to a layer...... 40 Select Tool with Shift...... 41 Brush Pattern Fill...... 43 Session 1 Summary ...... 47

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide ii Table of Contents

Session Two Starting a new drawing ...... 48 Grid ...... 50 Creating & displaying a grid ...... 51 Grid Snap ...... 52 Rectangle ...... 53 Halve Grid ...... 55 Rubber Stamp ...... 56 Irregular Polygon ...... 57 Brush Pattern...... 59 Format Painter...... 61 Session Summary ...... 63

Session Three Line & circle geometry ...... 65 Inspector Bar ...... 66 Single Line ...... 67 Object Selection...... 68 Object Handling ...... 69 Circles ...... 71 Perpendicular Line ...... 72 The Edit Tool...... 73 Fillet...... 74 Zoom ...... 76 Vertex Snap Mode ...... 77 Stretch Handles ...... 78 The SHIFT key ...... 79 Pen Width...... 80 Session 3 Summary ...... 82

Session Four Single Lines ...... 84 Parallel Lines...... 85 Intersection snap mode...... 87 Tangent Lines ...... 89 Line Length ...... 91 Layer Properties ...... 92 Orthogonal Dimensions ...... 94 Radial Dimensions ...... 95 Session 4 Summary ...... 97

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide iii Table of Contents

Session Five Single Lines ...... 100 Parallel Lines...... 101 Meet 2 Lines ...... 103 Circle ...... 105 Chamfer...... 106 Layer Properties ...... 107 Entity dimensions...... 108 Model & Paper Space ...... 110 Create View ...... 111 Insert View ...... 112 Page Setup...... 113 Viewport Scale ...... 116 Viewport Borders ...... 117 Text...... 118 Session 5 Summary ...... 120

Session Six Single Lines ...... 123 Parallel Lines...... 124 Meet 2 Lines ...... 125 Parallel Lines...... 126 Shrink Extend Line ...... 127 Parallel Lines & Layer Properties ...... 129 Parallel Construction ...... 130 Circle ...... 132 Object Trim ...... 133 Quick Dimensions ...... 135 Orthogonal Dimension ...... 136 Radius dimensions ...... 138 Create View ...... 139 Insert View ...... 140 Session 6 Summary ...... 142

Session Seven Single Lines ...... 145 Parallel Lines...... 146 Circle Tangent to Entities...... 147 Object Trim ...... 148 Meet 2 Lines ...... 150 Chamfer...... 151 Circle with radius...... 154 Object Trim ...... 155 Orthogonal Dimensions ...... 156 Angular Dimensions ...... 158 Paper Space Layout ...... 160 Session 7 Summary ...... 162

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide iv Table of Contents

Session Eight Single Lines ...... 165 Parallel Lines...... 166 Quadrant snap mode...... 167 Tangent Lines ...... 169 Object Trim ...... 170 Center Points...... 172 Open Window selection...... 174 Radial Copy...... 176 Dimensions...... 177 Create View ...... 178 Insert View ...... 180 Viewport Scale ...... 181 Viewport Boundary ...... 182 Session 8 Summary ...... 183

Session Nine Line & circle geometry ...... 186 Meet 2 Lines ...... 187 Tangent from Arc...... 189 Shrink/Extend Line...... 190 Layer Properties ...... 192 Mirror Copy ...... 193 Object Trim ...... 196 Split...... 197 Extended Ortho ...... 199 Lines & Parallels ...... 200 Modification ...... 201 Dimensions...... 203 Paper Space layout...... 205 Session 9 Summary ...... 206

Session Ten Layers ...... 209 Parallel Construction ...... 210 Array...... 212 Group...... 214 Edit Reference Point ...... 216 Move ...... 217 Multiline...... 218 Mirror...... 221 Rotated Ellipse...... 223 2D Intersect ...... 224 Extended Orthogonal ...... 224 Radial Fit Copy...... 227 Object Trim ...... 229 Create Block...... 230 Polyline ...... 232 Session 10 Summary...... 236

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide v Table of Contents

Session Eleven Center of Extents...... 238 Stretch ...... 239 Polygon...... 241 Edit Tool ...... 242 Offset...... 244 Scale...... 246 Object Trim ...... 247 Insert Block...... 249 Array...... 252 Mirror...... 253 Hatch ...... 255 Pick Point Hatch ...... 256 Path Hatch...... 258 Rubber Stamp ...... 260 Session 11 Summary...... 262

Session Twelve Region ...... 264 Pick Point Hatch ...... 266 Text...... 268 Insert Symbol...... 270 Edit Block Content ...... 271 Finish Edit Content ...... 273 Create View ...... 273 Insert View ...... 275 Viewport Layers...... 277 Floating Model Space ...... 278 Update Viewport Boundary ...... 279 Visible Viewport Boundary ...... 280 Text...... 282 Session 12 Summary...... 283

Session Thirteen Coordinates...... 286 Absolute to Relative Coordinates ...... 287 Polar Coordinates...... 288 Relocate the Origin...... 287 The Wall Tool ...... 285 Wall Join ...... 291 Wall Split...... 289 Convert to Wall ...... 291 3D Height...... 294 Inserting Symbols ...... 293 Session 13 Summary...... 296

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide vi Table of Contents

Session Fourteen 3D Setup ...... 298 Workplane ...... 298 Isometric View ...... 299 3D Thickness ...... 300 Fillet Edges ...... 302 Workplane by Facet ...... 303 Construction circle ...... 304 Revolve...... 305 2D Add...... 307 3D Subtract ...... 308 Surface from Profile ...... 310 Material Properties...... 311 Summary 14 Summary ...... 313

New & Improved Features in TurboCAD v16 Filleted Corners...... 314 X-Ref Manager...... 315 Loading and Externally Referenced Object ...... 316 Inserting the X-Ref as a Block ...... 318 Modifying & Reloading and Externally Referenced Object...... 318 Detaching an External Reference ...... 319 Format Painter ...... 320 Using the Format Painter to create a new Style ...... 320 Applying Pre-Set Properties...... 321 Bezier Curves...... 323 Curvature at Point...... 325

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide vii Table of Contents

Introduction

About this Syllabus Module...... 1 Symbols & Icons ...... 1 Using this program ...... 3 System Requirements ...... 3 Using the educational program...... 3 The Interactive Contents page ...... 4 Using the interactive index ...... 6 The Search Page ...... 6 The Task Drawing...... 7 The Task Worksheet...... 8 The Task Activity ...... 9 About SIMuLATE...... 10 Using the QuickCAMs...... 11 Audio Assist...... 11 The Practical Sessions ...... 12 The SuperSession ...... 12 The Session Summary ...... 13 Introduction

Introduction to this Training Guide Please make sure the Training Guide is installed correctly. For more information on installing this software, together with the Printable Manual, please refer to the following topics.

Installing and accessing the Training Guide program. Installing and accessing the Printable Manual. System Requirements.

About this Training Guide This Training Guide is designed to provide an introduction into Computer Aided Design (CAD) using the TurboCAD Designer, Deluxe or Professional editions. This Training Guide is also prefect for anyone who is a Beginner to Intermediate CAD user looking to familiarize themselves with 2D drafting and detailing concepts. Plus, we've added a couple of introductory 3D drawing sessions to help start your learning in this area of CAD as well! It is suitable for anyone wishing to use the 'self-study' method and uses a step-by-step method, with a practical session at the end of most sessions so that users can produce drawing projects quickly and with ease. All tasks in this Training Guide contain audio visual QuickCAM tutorials. Please refer to Audio Assist for use on PC's without an audio facility.

Symbols & Icons used in this Program The following is a quick guide to the symbols and icons used throughout this document. Text alongside this icon is the definition of the features used in the lesson. Text alongside this bullet represents the step-by-step instructions in the lesson body.

Please note : All QuickCAMS in this Training Guide contain both audio and animation. FlashCAMS, used to illustrate a single feature contain animation only.

To move forward to the next page of the document, click onto this icon found in the upper right corner of the page.

To move backwards to the previous page of the document, click onto this icon found in the upper right corner of the page.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 1 Introduction

Introduction

Worksheet Activity Overview A brief overview and expected outcome of the worksession is listed here. Introducing

Features which have not previously been used are introduced here. Information

Draws attention to any specific area of importance. Take Note

This field contains information which is relevant to the successful completion of the task. Estimated Time Provides a estimate of the time taken to produce the session drawing and the total estimated duration of the session.

Tasks Exercise Overview

This gives a brief overview of the current task.

Before you Start

Preparation tips before starting the task. Associated tasks

Provides information of additional features used in the task. Take Note

Represents hints and tips which may be useful during the exercise. Session Summary

Presents a review of the sessions important points. Design Brief Checklist

A list of specific instructions to create the practical tasks. Drawing Assistance States whether ScreenCam assistance is provided or not.

Save Design

Instructs the user to save the model at critical stages of the design. End of Task

Indicates the end of a task or session.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 2 Introduction

Introduction

System Requirements This Training Guide will operate optimally under the following specifications.

Computer Pentium Class Processor 256 MB Ram 40 MB Hard disk space CD drive Wheel mouse

Monitor 3D Graphics accelerator card. Super VGA monitor with the following settings : Use Windows > Settings > Control Panel to access the Display settings. From the Settings page set the Screen Area to 1024 x 768. Set the Colors to at least High Color (16 Bit).

Operating System This TurboCAD Training Guide will operate on the following Windows platforms. Windows 98 Windows NT Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista

Using this program This document is produced in a help file format. After installation, an icon for both the Training Guide Program and the printable manual will be placed in the Programs folder of your Windows Start menu. In addition an icon for the Training Guide will be placed on the desktop area of the PC onto which it is installed. If preferred, the desktop icon can be deleted and the Training Guide can be accessed from the Windows Start Menu. Navigation through this program is extremely easy, using quick search and rapid referencing features to find keywords or topics.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 3 Introduction

Introduction

This Training Guide can be installed into any folder on the computer. Please follow the installation instructions during the installation process. Please use the uninstall.exe file to remove the contents of the Training Guide from the local hard drive and the system registry.

The Contents page The Contents page is a table of contents for the entire program. Each session has a structure similar to the following : Session Number Task

Information Page Mostly ScreenCAM instruction Session Summary Each Session has at least 10 tasks which are accessed using the pointer, shown right. The Sessions will be displayed in either collapsed view, shown in Session 1, right, or expanded view, shown in Session 2, right. Left click once onto the task name for instant access to that page.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 4 Introduction

Introduction

The Session Summary contains an overview of the tasks discussed and demonstrated during the Session and resembles the illustration, below.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 5 Introduction

Introduction

The Index The index, shown right, will allow quick alphabetical access to any topic or keyword in the program. Use the scroller to browse to the item, or type an appropriate keyword into the blank field, shown right. Should the required topic not be found in the Index page, use the Search page.

The Search page To search for an item, click onto the Search page, shown right. Type an appropriate keyword into the field, similar to that shown right, then click onto List Topics. Several related topics will be presented, similar to the illustration below. Select the closest search result to your requirements.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 6 Introduction

Introduction

To refine your search, use one of the key search features shown in the illustration below.

The Task Drawing Each session contains a task drawing which is shown in the left tile of the Task Drawing preview, similar to the following illustration. The right tile is for illustrative purposes only and is there to indicate the final result shown in a 3 dimensional view. Use the Observe! button to see a dynamic 3-dimensional rotation of the model.

Please note : The user is not expected to produce the 3D model of the task drawing in this Training Guide and no instructions are provided for this. The 3D model of the task drawing, shown in the right tile, below, is for illustrative purposes only and is designed to help the user visualize the finished product.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 7 Introduction

Introduction

Task Drawing

The Task Worksheet The Task Worksheet for each lesson is shown next and serves as an overview for the current activity session. Please read the information in bold red in the tables below for more information. The Estimated Time field, shown in the following table is the estimated approximate time taken to produce the drawing. Please note : Instruction and drawing time will vary and should be taken as a baseline only. With the exception of the Super Session, the task drawing is started and finished during the current activity session. If the task drawing is not completed in the current activity session, save the designs to an appropriate folder.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 8 Introduction

Introduction

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this Introducing : The following features will be activity session you will learn how to : introduced during this activity session :

The Task Worksheet gives an overview of New features which are introduced into the activity instructions for the current task session are detailed in this column. session. Specific instruction may be required for new Each drawing activity is listed with a brief features which are introduced into the session. description of their purpose.

Information : Take Note :

This field contains any incidental This field contains information which is relevant information which this task requires. to the successful completion of the task. This This information is usually for information should be carefully noted. observation purposes only.

Estimated Drawing Time : 50 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 60 Minutes

The Task Activity Each Task will start with a page similar to this. Read the descriptions in italic text below.

In this task : This will provide a quick overview of the intent of this task. For example, 'In the next task, all the windows on the left side of the building will be mirrored to the right side.

Associated tasks : Provides an indication of any associated feature or function required to fulfill the task.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 9 Introduction

Introduction

Before you start : This provides a convenient start point for the task and may contain checkpoints which should be conducted prior to starting the task. Frequently, instructions in the task activity are detailed, therefore, 'Before you start' may not appear at the start of each task.

Take Note : Draws attention to any specific issue of importance. This contains the animated and audio visual sequence for this task only. The full QuickCAM sequence for the entire session is found at the start of the session. This contains the task instructions in the exact sequence that they should occur. All task instructions in this section follow the identical sequence to the QuickCAM activity. Illustrations will appear in this section to assist with the task.

SIMuLATE This is the acronym for Simulation of the Task Activity Session and uses QuickCAM to demonstrate the exact process of building the task drawing. Each QuickCAM contains convenient animated and audio visual sequences with text descriptions and arrows, suitable for PC's which have no audio facility, or for hearing impaired users. A continual, sequential QuickCAM is contained in the Task Worksheet to provide the user with a quick overview of the all the tasks in the session. A mini QuickCAM is contained in the session body of each task. Each QuickCAM in the task activity body is approximately 1 minute in duration and should be viewed in context with each task. Audio is available on all the QuickCAMs in this Training Guide. Audio Assist is provided for hearing impaired users or the PC's which have no audio facility.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 10 Introduction

Introduction

Using the QuickCAM's QuickCAM is the technology used to accompany SIMuLATE. The QuickCAM's can be started directly from the task activity and uses the normal forward, rewind and pause buttons, shown below. A progress bar, shown to the left in the illustration below, will asset with rapid fast forwarding or rewinding of the QuickCAM activity. QuickCAM activity will fade out over approximately 3-4 seconds to indicate the last frame of the session. The Training Guide program is immediately restored when a QuickCAM is closed. There is no need to shuffle between programs. The information button, shown to the extreme right in the illustration below, can be used to e- mail queries to Tri-CAD's educational support center. Please supply your full details in the body of the e-mail so that a suitable response can be provided.

When this icon is shown on the opening page of a QuickCAM, it indicates that the contents are for information and demonstration purposes only.

Audio Assist Audio Assist is provided for hearing impaired users, or for PC's on which there is no audio equipment. Occasionally, there may appear to be long sequences on the QuickCAMs during which there is no apparent activity. This is quite possibly due to an audio narrative, particularly at the beginning of a new session. In these cases, Audio Assist is used, shown below, to provide an explanation of the spoken narrative.

When the icon, shown left is displayed during a QuickCAM session, place the cursor over the icon to display the text information. A message, similar to that shown right, will be displayed for the duration of the QuickCAM. The message is removed when the cursor is moved away from the icon.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 11 Introduction

Introduction

The Practical Sessions These sessions are intended to extend the knowledge and practical application of the tasks discussed and demonstrated in the current activity session. The practical sessions contain very similar tasks to those contained in the main activity session and are used as 'consolidation' exercises. There is very limited instruction for the practical sessions, as the impact of doing the unassisted practical session is important. The QuickCAM's associated with the practical sessions contain hints, tips and recommendations only. No detailed animation is supplied. An example of the format of the Practical Activity Session is shown below.

Practical Activity Session

The SuperSession Each session, with the exclusion of the SuperSession starts and finishes the drawing activity in the current session. The SuperSession is an extended session running through sessions 10, 11 and 12. If any segment of the SuperSession is done as an independent task, the drawing must be saved to an appropriate folder and continued at a later stage. The SuperSession can be done as an uninterrupted session. Please refer to the Estimated Time for each segment of the SuperSession.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 12 Introduction

Introduction

Session Summary This will provide a reference of important information for the recently completed session and will appear similar to the red italic text, below.

..'.The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.'

The Session Summary may be accompanied by illustrations, similar to that shown below.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 13 Introduction

TurboCAD Basics

Starting a new drawing ...... 14 The Student Template ...... 14 The Graphics Editor ...... 15 Graphics Editor ...... 15 The User Interface ...... 16 Tools Palette & Menu Panels ...... 16 Object Information...... 19 Status Bar...... 20 Inspector Bar ...... 20 Properties Sheet ...... 21 The Selection Info Palette ...... 21 Drawing Aids...... 22 Layers...... 23 Grid ...... 23 Snap Modes ...... 24 Running Snap Mode...... 24 Single Entry Keyboard Equivalents...... 25 Sketch Objects ...... 26 Drawing Tools ...... 26 Construction Objects ...... 27 Annotation...... 27 Dimensions...... 28 Hatch ...... 28 Text...... 29 Drawing Constraints...... 29 Object Handling ...... 29

TurboCAD Basics

CAD Basics This is intended to give the user a quick overview of the most frequently used features in this Training Guide. It is additionally intended to provide information about automated features, such as object layering etc.

Starting a New Drawing The TurboCAD program allows various start up options. Click onto the QuickCAM button below to view an audio visual demonstration of these options.

Take Note :

Please refer to the following QuickCAMs in the TurboCAD 2D Training Guide program. These QuickCAMs are for demonstration and information purposes only and do not form part of a continual tutorial.

Starting a new drawing Using a non-standard template Using a standard template Using a personalized template

The Student Template Supplied with this Training Guide is a template named Student_2D.tct. Please install this template into the templates directory of your TurboCAD program, typically named as C:\Program Files\IMSIDesign\TurboCAD(version)P\Templates This template has been created to facilitate consistency between drawings and to prevent the necessity of creating commonly used layers, styles and formats. It is recommended that this template be used at the start of each activity session. When using different features in the TurboCAD program, it will be noted that layers are automatically activated when specific features are selected. For example, when drawing tools are used, the current layer will automatically default to 'Model'. When dimensioning is started, the current layer automatically changes to 'Dims.' These layers have been specifically assigned to these features in the Student template.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 14 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

The Graphics Editor This is the area where the model is drawn and dimensioned at full scale. The graphics editor is also referred to as the Model Space area. Click here for more information on the Graphics Editor or refer to the QuickCAM below.

Take Note :

Please refer to the following QuickCAM in the TurboCAD 2D Training Guide program. This QuickCAM is for demonstration and information purposes only and does not form part of a continual tutorial.

The Graphics Editor In the illustration below, a typical view of the graphics editor is shown.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 15 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

The User Interface The User Interface is the appearance, layout and functionality of such items as menus, toolbars, tool palettes etc.

Take Note :

Please refer to the following QuickCAMs in the TurboCAD 2D Training Guide program. These QuickCAMs are for demonstration and information purposes only and do not form part of a continual tutorial.

Menus and Toolbars Detaching a Toolbar The Tools Palette Menu Panels within the Tools Palette Removing a Menu Panel from the Tools Palette Adding a new Menu Panel to the Tools Palette Menu Panel themes User-Interface themes for Menus and Toolbars

The Tools Palette & Menu Panels The Tools Palette is a convenient tool for viewing and accessing multiple menu panels which contain associated tools. Menu panels can be added to or removed from the Tools Palette to suit particular tasks. The Tools Palette is activated using View > Tools Palette and remains docked at the right side of the graphics editor until closed. An example of the Tools Palette is shown right. Refer to the QuickCAMs in the TurboCAD 2D Training program for information on adding and removing menu panels from the Tools Palette.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 16 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

Toolbars A toolbar or palette can either be floating (positioned anywhere within the drawing screen area) or docked (slotted into the edges of the screen without occupying drawing screen space.) This allows the user to customize their TurboCAD desktop (screen) area according to specific applications. For instance, the toolbars required for 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional drawing will differ and suitable toolbars can be displayed for these tasks. To display additional toolbars in the drawing, go to the pull down menu and select View > Toolbars, shown below. A dialog box will be displayed, showing checked (activated) or unchecked toolbars. Select whichever toolbar is required by left clicking onto the check box. Select OK when finished. In the example below, the Drawing Tools toolbar has been selected. When a toolbar is selected from the dialog box, the toolbar is either placed in a convenient menu area (docked) or dropped into the drawing screen area (floating) When the toolbar is floating, a blue title bar of the toolbar is visible and the user can click and hold the mouse button on this bar and slide the toolbar to a new position. When the required position is located, the mouse button is released. The toolbar will dock into the most convenient space and will not overlap another toolbar. The toolbar is considered docked when the blue title bar disappears. A toolbar icon containing a yellow triangle in the lower right corner represents a 'fly-out' which contains additional features in that series.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 17 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

Palettes Palettes are pages of information containing related subjects. Palettes behave in a similar manner to toolbars, but they can also be minimized whilst docked in order to occupy less screen space. Palettes are found in the View section of the pull down menu and can be customized to suit specific applications.

A Palette can either be displayed in docked or roll-up style. For example, the Color and Brushes palette shown right, has been removed from the main palette and can be independently seated in the drawing. To remove a category from the main palette, left click onto the title page and drag into the graphics editor. Use the docking tabs, shown circled below to seat the palette in an appropriate area. To reinsert the category into the main palette, left click onto the title page and drag and drop back into the Tools Palette.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 18 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

When docked toolbars or palettes are to be moved, the user can click into an area within the toolbar (but not onto the icon) and slide the toolbar to another position in the screen, shown below.

Each palette and toolbar has its own Close button represented by the x icon in the top right corner of the title bar. In addition to the Close button, the palette can be collapsed by left clicking onto the Auto Hide icon shown by the cursor, right. This icon will also expand the palette. The palette size can be widened or narrowed by dragging the splitter bar, shown below, to the left or right.

Object Information This is the method by which information is supplied to the user or an instruction is passed to the drawing. Refer to the following QuickCAMs in the TurboCAD 2D Training Guide for information on adding and removing menu panels from the Tools Palette.

The Status Bar The Inspector Bar The Properties Sheet

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 19 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

The Status Bar

This is the area where an instruction is provided to the user in response to specific tools. For example, when the Circle tool is activated, the user is prompted in the Status Bar to Define the Center Point of the Circle.

Take Note : Refer to the QuickCAM tutorial in the main program of this educational program. The QuickCAM is for demonstration and information purposes only and does not form part of a continual tutorial.

Inspector Bar

Information is passed to the graphics editor by means of the Inspector Bar, positioned at the base of the graphics editor. The Inspector Bar is context sensitive, meaning it will respond differently to each feature. The data fields, into which the information is input, are accessed by using the TAB keyboard. The TAB key is also used to cycle between the fields in the Inspector Bar. By typing information into the relevant fields, the data is passed to the objects within the selector shell when the ENTER key is pressed.

Take Note : Refer to the QuickCAMs in the TurboCAD 2D Training Guide program for information on adding and removing menu panels from the Tools Palette.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 20 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

The Properties Sheet

The Properties sheet can be activated from the Inspector Bar once a drawing entity or toolbar feature has been selected. This is a context-sensitive feature that is used to change any physical characteristic of an entity, including Text, Dimensions and Hatch. The Properties sheet is used to set the preferred method of how a feature will function. By right clicking onto the feature in the toolbars, the Properties sheet will be displayed containing pages of information specific to the selected feature. To modify a feature, double click onto the entity, then right click and select Properties from the local menu.

Take Note : Refer to the QuickCAM tutorial in the main program of this educational module. The QuickCAM is for demonstration and information purposes only and does not form part of a continual tutorial.

The Selection Info Palette

The Selection Info Palette allows information relating to a selected object or group of objects to be comprehensively displayed. The Selection Info Palette allows the measurement, spatial or properties of single or multiple objects to be modified. Such changes made in the Selection Info Palette will updated in the selected sketch in the graphics editor.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 21 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

Drawing Aids Drawing Aids are objects which assist with the construction of a drawing, such as layers, a grid or object snap modes.

Layers

Layers are used so that objects drawn on that layer can be switched on or off. This controls the layers' visibility. Similarly, the accessibility of objects can be controlled by locking or unlocking the layer. Strict layer control is required for most drawings, and this is encouraged throughout this Training Guide. The use of layers within a drawing is a CAD standard of most computer assisted drawing programs. Using the layering facility within a drawing allows objects drawn on a particular layer to be controlled by name, color and linetype. Layers can thus be switched off (invisible) or locked (visible - but not able to modify) and selection of objects can be achieved by using the layer name and / or color to identify that layer. This is done by using Edit > Select by.....Layer. Named layers can be standardized at the beginning of a job and these layers can be stored in a template to avoid creating similar layers in subsequent new drawings.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 22 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

New layers are created using the Design Director, shown right. Objects are drawn onto the current layer, shown by the symbol, right. Color and pen styles can be assigned to layers. Please refer to Session 1 for more information on layers. Layers can only be deleted when there are no objects in the graphics editor currently residing on that layer. Objects drawn on a particular layer can be universally selected using the Edit > Select by > Layer feature. Objects on a locked layer, shown by the symbol are displayed in the graphics editor but cannot be accessed for modification purposes. When a layer is switched off, shown by the symbol, objects on this layer are not displayed in the graphics editor. Care should be taken when moving objects associated to this layer.

Grid

A regular series of vertical and horizontal lines can be displayed in the graphics editor by creating a Grid. When drawing on the grid intersections, the Grid Snap Mode is required.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 23 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

Snap Modes

Specific points of geometry are targeted on an object using Snap Modes. Object snap modes are found in the snap modes toolbar, shown top, or by using the local menu, obtained using the right click mouse button and selecting Local Snap. Show Magnetic Point is useful when targeting specific points of geometry. When the Show Magnetic Point snap mode is active, the targeted snap mode is illustrated by a magenta colored 'attraction' point, shown right. In the illustration, right, the Center snap mode has been targeted, illustrated by the diamond shaped attraction point in the center, and the icon shown below the cursor. The center point of an arc or circle is targeted by placing the cursor on the edge of the circle.

Running Snap Modes

A running snap mode is a snap mode which remains active for the duration of a task. Several snap modes can be activated without conflict by defining the level of priority.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 24 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

Single Entry Keyboard Equivalents Some examples of line geometry are : single lines, polylines, polygons and rectangles. Some examples of circle geometry are : circles, arcs and ellipses. The following keyboard shortcuts, referred throughout this program as SEKE’s (single entry keyboard equivalents) are used as single instance (non-fixed) express keyboard keys to target a specific point of geometry on an object, such as vertex, center etc. When using the SEKE’s, the left mouse click, generally used to define a position in model space is not required. For example, when defining the center of a circle or arc, simply position the cursor or input device on the edge of the arc or circle and type in the keyboard letter ‘c’. The cursor will snap instantly to the center point of the circle without further mouse assistance. The keyboard equivalents used throughout this program are listed below and the user should familiarize themselves with these keyboard shortcuts as soon as possible as they are used frequently throughout this program.

Key Feature Function

C Center Snaps to the center of an arc or circle, including construction entities

I Intersection Snaps to the crossing or intersecting point of entities, including construction

J Project Snaps to a projected 90° perpendicular aspect

M Middle Snaps to the midway point of a line or arc

N Nearest Snaps to the closest node or pixel on an entity, including construction entities

Q Quadrant Snaps to the polar points of an arc or circle, including construction circles

V Vertex Snaps to the vertex (endpoints) of lines and arcs

S No Snap Draws to a position indicated by the cursor without left click mouse definition

E Center of Extents Snaps to the centrifugal point of 2D and 3D objects

G Grid Snaps to a user defined grid intersection

H Opposite Draws a line intersected by another to the equal distance from the start point

Please note : Fixed (running) object snaps which remain switched on for a specific duration can be set for all sekes by holding down the SHIFT key in conjunction with the required shortcut key. Repeat the function to remove a fixed snap mode. For example, SHIFT C sets a running snap mode for ‘center' ; SHIFT C removes the fixed center snap mode.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 25 TurboCAD Basics

TurboCAD Basics

The SHIFT prefix sets the following fixed snap modes. Likewise, the SHIFT prefix is used to remove the fixed snap mode.

SHIFT T Sets a fixed snap to target the tangential point of an arc or circle

SHIFT X Sets a fixed snap to target the extended orthogonal projection points

SHIFT O Sets a fixed snap to 90° (orthogonal mode)

SHIFT K Sets a fixed snap to target a projected intersection

Sketch objects Sketch Objects are classified as all items which are input into the graphics editor. Objects are either drawn (lines, circles, arcs, etc) or inserted (text, annotation, hatch etc) All Sketch Objects which are input into the graphics editor are selected for modification or manipulation using the Select Tool. Once selected, Sketch Objects can be modified, duplicated or stored as internal objects (groups, blocks) or external objects (symbols) The items below contain an audio visual demonstration in the main program of this educational module.

Drawing Tools Construction Objects Annotation Dimensions Hatch Text Drawing Constraints

Drawing Tools

'Drawing Tools' is the method by which Sketch objects are input into the graphics editor. These objects are found in the Sketch menu of the Tools palette and are grouped as Line, Circle, Multiline, Dimensions, etc. Drawing Tools can also be found in the Drawing Tools toolbar and frequently have a sub-menu of options, shown above. Sketch objects can also be input into the graphics editor by means of the Insert pull down menu

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TurboCAD Basics

Construction Objects

Construction Entities are used as temporary objects in cases where geometry is required. A layer called $Construction is automatically created the first time construction entities are used in a drawing. Certain snap modes can be used with construction entities. Nearest, center, quadrant, intersection, tangent and perpendicular snap modes can be used. Midpoint and vertex snap modes cannot be used with construction entities. Construction entities can be erased using Edit > Clear > Construction > Construction/All Construction. Construction geometry can remain in the drawing, but can be turned off prior to printing by adjusting the 'Print Construction' in the Print Preview/Page Setup options.

Annotation The term Annotation refers to any item which describes the drawing, or provides relevant information. Typical annotation items are Dimensions, Text, Hatching or Shading/Rendering.

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TurboCAD Basics

Dimensions

Dimensions are inserted into the model space area to add measurement and spatial information to the sketch. There are 3 types of basic dimensioning which are generally used to annotate a technical drawing. These are : Radial (radius & diameter) dimensions, Orthogonal (horizontal & vertical) dimensions and Angular dimensions. Dimensions are generally inserted onto a layer specifically created for this purpose. Dimension features are modified using the Properties Sheet.

Hatch

Hatch patterns can be applied to a closed area by specifying the angle, scale and pattern. Hatch patterns are created associatively to an object thereby updating when an object is resized. Hatch features are modified using the Properties sheet.

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TurboCAD Basics

Text

Text is used to annotate a sketch, usually to provide information. Text features are modified using the Properties sheet.

Drawing Constraints Constraints apply rules to a sketch which constrain it to certain conditions. The Constraints Manager tools constrain the geometry of the sketch to specified conditions, eg: perpendicular; parallel, equal radius, tangent. etc. These are referred to as geometric constraints and are displayed in the toolbar above. Dimensional constraints apply linear, angular, diametric and radial constraints to objects to define measurement and spatial relationships.

Object Handling Object Handling refers to the method of selecting, modifying and manipulating objects in the graphics editor. Most objects are required to be selected before modifications can be performed. Refer to the following QuickCAM tutorials in the main program of this educational module. These QuickCAM are for demonstration and information purposes only and do not form part of a continual tutorial.

Selection Manipulation Modification Duplication

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TurboCAD Basics

Object Selection

Various methods are used to select single and multiple objects in the graphics editor. Most objects are required to be selected prior to modification or manipulation.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

The Select tool, Adding & Removing objects The Window Selection method The Selector Shell The Open Window Mode Specific Selection methods

Object Manipulation Object Manipulation refers to the method used to select and manipulate objects in the graphics editor. When objects are manipulated they are required to be pre-selected. The physical characteristic of objects are not changed during manipulation; this is done through object modification.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Moving objects Copying Objects Copying multiple objects Undo and Redo Rotating Objects Resizing Objects & Displacing the Reference Points

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TurboCAD Basics

Object Modification

Object Modification is the process of changing the physical characteristics of the original selected objects. When objects are modified they are required to be pre-selected. Objects are changed during the Modification process, but not duplicated. This is done by the process of Object Duplication.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Object Modification

Object Duplication

Object Duplication refers to the method used to create a copy, or series of copies of a selected object. When objects are duplicated they are required to be pre-selected. When objects are duplicated, the original object remains unchanged.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Mirror Copy Array Copy Radial Copy Offset

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TurboCAD Basics

Spatial Information Object Handling refers to the method of selecting, modifying and manipulating objects in the graphics editor. Most objects are required to be selected before modifications can be performed.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Selection Manipulation Modification Duplication

Coordinates

To determine points of reference in the graphics editor, usually for specifying distances or angles, it is necessary to use either an Absolute or Relative coordinate input method. Coordinate entry is also used for relocating objects in the graphics editor by specifying a destination point which is relative in coordinate measurement to the source point. Spatial information is input according to either a Polar or Rectangular coordinate system. Rectangular coordinates are also referred to as Cartesian coordinates. Relative Coordinate input is used throughout this Training Guide.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Polar Coordinates Rectangular Coordinates

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TurboCAD Basics

Polar Coordinates Polar coordinates are used to input Length and Angular measurements based on the coordinate position within a 360º circle. The formula for supplying a polar coordinate is Length, Angle. These coordinates are based on positive measurements.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Using Polar Coordinates

Rectangular Coordinates Rectangular coordinates are defined by positive or negative X-Y values. Rectangular coordinates are sometimes referred to as Cartesian coordinates.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Using Rectangular Coordinates

Measurement Information Dimensional and measurement information can be extracted from the drawing. All measurement information is displayed in the Measurement Palette which is displayed when the Distance, Angle or Area tool is activated. The Edit tool is also used to find radial and diametric information.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Using the Distance tool Finding a Perimeter value Using the Angle tool Finding the Area of a defined space

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TurboCAD Basics

Distance

This measurement tool calculates the distance between two or more points. Delta X Y distances and angles are provided when measuring between 2 points. The Measurement Palette is displayed when the Distance tool is activated.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Using the Distance tool

Perimeter

The Distance tool is used to target successive points to calculate a perimeter.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Finding a Perimeter value

Angle

An angular measurement can be found by defining the angle vertices. The Measurement Palette is displayed when activating the Angle tool.

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Using the Angle tool

Area

This measurement feature calculates the surface area of a 2 dimensional plane. The Measurement Palette is displayed when activating the Area tool.

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TurboCAD Basics

Take Note : Refer to the following audio visual QuickCAMs in the main program.

Using the Area tool

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Session One

The Design Director ...... 37

Changing an Object's Layer ...... 38

Creating a new layer...... 39

Assigning color to a layer...... 40

Select Tool with Shift...... 41

Brush Pattern Fill...... 43

Session 1 Summary ...... 47

Session One

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Understand the graphics editor, toolbars and The Graphics Editor, toolbars and Palettes palettes. The Design Director Create and control entity layers. Select Tool Single and multiple object handling. Entity Layers Fill an object with a brush pattern. Brush pattern fill

Information : Take Note : Layers are created so that you can identify Take Care to left click directly onto an entity and control entities independently. when selecting it.

Estimated Drawing Time : 20 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 40 Minutes

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 36 Session One Session One

The Design Director

Available in TurboCAD Professional only

Frequently, it is convenient to draw on one layer only, then move objects to a more appropriate layer when the design is nearing completion.

The Design Director is available in TurboCAD Professional editions only. Other users please use Options > Layers.

In this task : The entities of the model house shown in the illustration, below left, will be placed onto the correct layers, shown in the illustration, below right.

Before you Start : Open the drawing named Task01. This drawing contains simple drawing entities such as Lines, Rectangles and Polylines. The Design Director should be available in the graphics editor. Use F3 to bring the Design Director Palette into the graphics editor.

Three layers have already been created and saved with this drawing. These layers are Roof, Walls and Windows, shown right. Your first task is to select and place the associated

entities onto the correct layer.

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Changing an Object's Layer using the Select Tool

The Select tool is frequently used in TurboCAD. It can be found at the top left of the screen, in the drawing tools toolbar.

The Select tool is the method used to select single or multiple objects in the graphics editor. In most cases, modification or manipulation functions cannot be performed without selecting the objects.

The Select tool can be activated by pressing the keyboard space bar.

When the Select tool has been used to select an object, it will place a Selector Shell around this object.

Multiple objects in the graphics editor can be selected by placing the select tool into an empty space and dragging a rectangle around the objects. This is referred to as the Selection Rectangle.

When a drawing object has been incorrectly selected, use the keyboard ESCAPE key to cancel the selection.

In this task : The Select tool will be used to select the entities of the model house. The selected entities will be placed onto their associated layer.

Before you Start : Make sure the task drawing is in the center of the graphics editor. Use zoom extents, then reduce the zoom slightly using zoom out.

Left click onto the Select tool, shown at the start of this task, then left click onto the roof, shown right. A Selector Shell, similar to that shown right, will be placed around the selected entity.

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Double click onto the Roof layer in the Design Director, shown right. This object has now been placed on the 'Roof' layer. This is shown in the Properties toolbar at the top left of the Graphics Editor and shown below.

Press ESCAPE to discard the Selector Shell.

Please note : To check the layer name of any object, select it, then view the information in the Properties toolbar.

Creating layers using the Design Director

One of the functions of the Design Director is to create new layers, activate a current layer, and switch layers on or off.

The Design Director is activated from the View > Design Director pull down menu, or by using the F3 Express Key.

In this task : The Design Director will be used to create 3 new layers.

Before you Start : Make sure the task drawing is in the center of the graphics editor. The polyline from which the roof has been created is on the Roof layer.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 39 Session One Session One

Make sure the Design Director palette is active in the graphics editor. This is activated by using View > Design Director. Now click onto the tab of the Design Director page in the palette. The result should be similar to the illustration right. Right click anywhere in the Design Director

palette, shown right, then activate 'Create New'

Type the layer name Door into the field and click OK. The result should be similar to the sketch left.

Creating Layer Colors using the Design Director

Colors are usually applied to a layer for identification purposes.

In this task : Make sure a layer called Door has been created.

Before you Start : Make sure a layer called Door has been created.

To apply a specific color to the newly created Door layer, left click onto the color block alongside the layer name in the Design Director palette, shown right.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 40 Session One Session One

Select the required color from the color palette shown right. In this example, the color Red was used. Click OK when finished.

Repeat this, creating 2 more layers called Shutters, and Steps Apply the color of your choice for these layers, always considering the background color of your graphics editor. Next, select the door in the drawing and place these entities onto the Door Layer.

Selecting multiple entities, using the Shift key

The Select key is used to select a single entity or compound entity.

By holding down the keyboard SHIFT key, more than one entity can be added to a selection.

The SHIFT key is held down to remove an entity from a selection.

The Selector Shell expands or shrinks to accommodate the selected entities.

In this task : Multiple entities will be selected. In this example, the window shutters will be selected as part of one selection.

Before you Start : Make sure the selector shell is not attached to any drawing entity. If so, then use the keyboard ESCAPE key to discard the selector shell.

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Activate the Select tool, either by selecting it from the Drawing tools toolbar, or by pressing the keyboard SPACEBAR. Now select the shutter to the left of the door, shown by the cursor, right. Now hold down the SHIFT key and select the other shutters. Take care not to select the window. The Selector Shell expands to include all the shutter entities and the result should be similar to the illustration, below. Notice that the cursor displays the add/remove symbol, shown as ± below.

Now move the cursor to the Property toolbar and select the layer Shutters from the drop down menu, shown right. Press ESCAPE to discard the Selector Shell, then select the first of the steps.

Hold down the keyboard SHIFT key and left click onto the other steps. Take care to select the steps from the side, shown left.

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Take Note : If you need to see a bigger magnification of the steps, place the cursor in the middle of the steps and use the Zoom In tool.

The result should be similar to the previous illustration.

Lastly, double click onto the Steps layer in the Design Director to assign these objects to this layer. Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell when finished. The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Brush Pattern Fill

The color palette is used to define the color of a solid pattern.

The eye dropper in the color palette is used to identify the required color with which to fill an area.

In this task : The color palette will be used to target a color to fill various objects of the model house.

Before you Start : The color palette is required for this task. If the color palette is not active, use View > Color Palette or CTRL SHIFT C.

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Use the Select tool to select the roof of the model house. Now open the color palette at the right of the graphics editor. The Brush Color eyedropper is at the bottom left of the Color Palette, shown circled, right. Left click onto the Brush Color selector and drag into the colored blocks to select the color for the roof, shown below.

From the Brush palette, select the solid fill pattern, shown below.

Press ESCAPE to discard the Selector Shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Now select the left window, then hold down the SHIFT key and select the right window. Double click onto the Window layer in the Design Director to assign these objects to the correct layer. Next, make sure the Color Palette is open, then move the cursor over the color blocks until a suitable color is found for the window frame. Use the left click mouse button to select the Pen color. Again move the cursor to another color which is suitable for the window panes, then use the right click mouse button to define the brush fill color. When this is done, set the brush pattern fill to a solid color, shown in the illustration right. The result

should be similar to the illustration, right.

Using the Properties toolbar Select the steps, then use the Properties toolbar, shown right to select an appropriate pattern for the steps. The steps, when finished, should be similar to the illustration, below.

Use this method to define a pattern for the shutters, shown below.

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Lastly, fill the door with a suitable color and a solid fill pattern. The result should be similar to the illustrations, right and below.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 46 Session One Session One

Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

Object Selection

Objects are selected using the Select tool. Multiple objects are selected by defining the first object, then holding down the SHIFT keyboard key to select additional objects. Objects which have been selected are contained within a selector shell. The selector shell is discarded using the keyboard ESCAPE key.

Layers

Layers are used so that associated objects can be identified and handled independently. Layers are created in the Design Director and colors and linestyles are assigned to new layers. Objects drawn on non-specific layers are moved to the correct layer by selecting the object, then selecting the appropriate layer from the Layer property toolbar.

Pen Color and Fill The Color Palette can be used to define a pen color. The left mouse button is used to define a pen outline color; the right mouse button is used to define a brush fill color.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 47 Session One

Session Two

Starting a new drawing ...... 48

Grid ...... 50

Creating & displaying a grid ...... 51

Grid Snap ...... 52

Rectangle ...... 53

Halve Grid ...... 55

Rubber Stamp ...... 56

Irregular Polygon ...... 57

Brush Pattern...... 59

Format Painter...... 61

Session Summary ...... 63

Session Two

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Set and display a Grid. Starting a new drawing The Grid Snap mode will be used to draw Grid display features objects onto the grid. Drawing tools Objects will be filled using the Brush Fill feature Duplication methods and copied to new positions in the graphics editor. The Format Painter tool will be used to copy properties from a source to a destination entity.

Information : Take Note : Snap modes are used to target specific points Starting a new drawing of geometry on an object. Grid display features Various snap modes are discussed and Drawing tools demonstrated in greater detail throughout this Training Guide. Duplication methods

Estimated Drawing Time : 15 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 30 Minutes

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 48 Session Two Session Two

New from Template

This is the means by which a blank graphics editor will be displayed in order to begin a new design.

The various options are shown below, but for the most of the exercises in this document, the New from Template option will be used.

The Student template will be used for most of the exercises in this Training Guide.

In this task : A new drawing using the Student_2D template will be started.

Before you Start : Make sure the Student_2D template is copied into the Templates folder of the IMSI/Template directory.

Take Note : There is no QuickCAM for this task. From the TurboCAD start menu, select New from Template, similar to the illustration, below.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 49 Session Two Session Two

From the New from Template screen, select the Student_2D Template, shown below.

You are now ready to start your drawing. If you wish to save your drawing task, remember to save it at regular intervals. Do this by using File > Save.

Grid

A regular series of vertical and horizontal lines can be displayed in the graphics editor by creating a Grid.

The Grid snap mode works by attaching the cursor onto each grid intersection.

The Grid snap mode will function even when the grid is not displayed.

The light blue lines of the grid are crossed at regular intervals by heavier blue lines.

The darker blue lines are know as the Grid Divisions.

Grid divisions can be halved or doubled by using the Halve or Double Grid option.

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Intervals between Grid Lines and Grid Divisions are created as follows : Right click onto the Show/Hide Grid tool shown at the start of this task. Input the required grid intervals into the X and Y Spacing fields. Click OK when finished.

Divisions between the grid intervals are created as follows: Right click onto the Show/Hide Grid tool shown at the start of this task. From the explorer page on the left side of the dialog box, select Advanced Grid. Input the required grid divisions into the X and Y Division fields.

Take note : Grid spacing values on the X and Y axes will be presented in the same format as the units of measurement, selected in the Space Units page of the Options menu. The display of the grid in the graphics editor can be increased or decreased by using the Zoom in (plus key) and Zoom out (minus key)

Creating & displaying a grid

A uniform grid can be created by providing a measurement in the X and Y grid spacing fields.

Grid settings can be created by using Options > Grid, or by right clicking onto the Grid icon, shown in illustration on the next page.

In this task : A grid spacing of 5 will be created on the X and Y axes.

Associated tasks : Adding the Grid menu panel to the Sketch Menu

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Right click onto the icon shown above at the start of this task or use Options > Grid. The Grid Settings dialog box shown below will be displayed. Click into the X spacing field, shown by the cursor below and input a value of 5. Left click into the Y spacing field and input a value of 5. Click OK with finished.

Grid Snap

By activating the grid snap mode, shown above, all entities are drawn onto the grid intersections.

The grid snap mode allows entities to be drawn onto the grid even when the grid is not displayed.

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In this task :

A series of rectangles will be drawn using the grid. The grid snap mode will be activated for this task.

Before you Start : Make sure the Snap Mode toolbar, shown at the start of this task is displayed in the Tools Palette.

Use the Plus or Minus keyboard keys until the grid amplification in the graphics editor resembles the illustration, below. Make sure at least 5 vertical and 4 horizontal grid divisions are visible. Activate the grid snap mode by left clicking onto the icon shown in the toolbar at the start of

this task.

Rectangle

This feature draws a rectangle by defining the size A (width) and the size B (length) values.

Rectangles are drawn by establishing a point and dragging the cursor to the diagonally opposing corner.

Refer to the New and Improved features of TurboCAD at the end of this Training Guide for more information on Filleted Corner options for closed polygonal shapes.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 53 Session Two Session Two

In this task : Rectangles will be drawn using the grid as a reference.

Before you Start : A grid spacing of 5 has been created. The grid is displayed in the graphics editor. The Grid Snap mode is activated. The No Snap mode is deactivated.

Activate the Sketch menu and use the Line menu panel. Select the Rectangle and at the prompt > Define the first corner of the box, left click onto the grid intersection shown by the cursor in the illustration, below.

At the prompt > Define the second corner of the box, drag the cursor to the opposing corner. Left click onto the grid to finish the rectangle. The result should be similar to the illustration, above. Start the next rectangle at the grid intersection shown by the cursor, below, then drag the cursor to the opposing corner. Left click onto the grid to finish the rectangle. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Start another rectangle at the position shown by the cursor, right and drag the cursor to the opposing corner.

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Left click to complete the first upright rectangle so that the result is similar to the illustration, right.

Halve Grid

The Halve Grid feature divides the current grid setting by 2.

In this task : The current grid setting of 5 will be halved to create a smaller grid.

Before you Start : Grid divisions of 5 have been created. The grid is displayed in the graphics editor. Grid Snap mode is activated.

Right click onto the Halve Grid feature, shown above left. The current grid setting will be divided by 2 to create a smaller grid, similar to the illustration, right.

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Rubber Stamp

This duplication feature allows multiple objects to be copied in a random manner.

In this task : The first upright rectangle will be copied to produce 3 extra uprights.

Before you Start : Use Zoom Extents to view the entire drawing. Grid spacings are set at 2.5. Grid snap is active.

Using the Select tool, left click onto the newly drawn upright rectangle, shown right. Right click and select Rubber Stamp from the Local Menu. Left click onto the yellow reference point, shown right, then move the cursor towards the right, left clicking to indicate each new position of the upright. Use the grid intersections shown in the illustration below to position the rectangles. Tip : Aim to get a major grid intersection running through the mid point of the top of the rectangles.

The Rubber Stamp icon will be displayed when copying the upright rectangles. When the last rectangle has been positioned, right click and select Cancel from the local menu. Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell from the first rectangle.

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The result, when the grid display has been removed, should resemble the illustration, below.

Irregular Polygon

This polyline feature creates a closed polygonal area consisting of irregular side lengths and angles.

The polygonal vertices can be modified using the Edit Tool.

Refer to the New and Improved features of TurboCAD at the end of this Training Guide for more information on Filleted Corner options for closed polygonal shapes.

In this task : A triangular shape will be drawn to represent the roof at the top of the uprights.

Associated tasks : Using the Selector Shell handles to resize the polygon.

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Before you Start : Adjust the zoom magnification by placing the pointing device in the center of the drawing and using either the Plus or Minus keyboard keys. Make sure there is sufficient space above the columns.

Grid snap is active.

Left click onto the Irregular Polygon feature, shown at the start of this task and at the prompt > Define the first point of the line, left click a position on the grid intersections similar to that shown by the pointer in the illustration, below. Draw in a straight line towards the right, then left click onto a major grid intersection above. Next, move the cursor upwards to a point which is equidistant between the 2 horizontal points, shown below.

After the third point has been defined, right click and select Finish from the local menu.

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Use the Selector Shell handle at the apex of the irregular polygon to modify the shape. The shape must appear flatter. To do this, left click onto the irregular polygon using the Select tool, then use the vertex handle shown right to drag the node downwards.

The result, with the grid display removed, should be similar to the illustration, below.

Brush Pattern

The Brush Pattern feature fills a closed area with a solid color or pattern.

In this task : The rectangles and polygons will be filled with a solid brush pattern.

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Before you Start : The Color Palette is required for this task. Select View > Color & Brushes Palette or use CTRL SHIFT C Remove the grid snap by deactivating the grid snap mode in the toolbar, shown below. Remove the grid display from the graphics editor.

Using the Select tool, left click onto the irregular polygon which forms the roof. Open the color palette and left click onto the color dropper for Pick Brush Color, shown by the cursor, right. Slide the dropper to the required color in the palette. In this example, the color Black has been used.

Left click onto the Solid pattern shown left.

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Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Format Painter

This feature copies the relevant properties from a source object and applies them to a destination object.

Refer to the New and Improved features of TurboCAD at the end of this Training Guide for more information on the Format Painter.

In this task : The brush pattern properties of the irregular polygon will be applied to all the other rectangles.

Before you Start : Grid snap and display are removed. Roof is filled with a solid brush pattern.

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Select Format Painter, shown at the start of this task and at the prompt > Select the source object, left click onto the roof containing the filled brush pattern. At the prompt > Select the object to be painted, left click onto the left upright rectangle, shown right. Continue to select the remaining rectangles, then right click and select Cancel from the local menu when all the rectangles have been selected.

The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 62 Session Two Session Two

Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

A new drawing is usually started from a template when standardized settings are required. A grid can be displayed in the graphics editor by defining the divisions and the intervals along the X and Y axes. The grid scale can be increased by using Double Grid and reduced by using Halve Grid. Objects are drawn onto the grid intersections by activating the Grid Snap mode. Objects are filled with a color or pattern by using the Brush Fill feature. Object properties such as layer, pen style, pen thickness and color can be applied to other objects by using Format Painter.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 63 Session Two

Session Three

Line & circle geometry ...... 65 Inspector Bar ...... 66 Single Line ...... 67 Object Selection...... 68 Object Handling ...... 69 Circles ...... 71 Perpendicular Line ...... 72 The Edit Tool...... 73 Fillet...... 74 Zoom ...... 76 Vertex Snap Mode ...... 77 Stretch Handles ...... 78 The SHIFT key ...... 79 Pen Width...... 80 Session 3 Summary ...... 82

Session Three

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Draw and modify simple line and circle Line and circle geometry. geometry. The Edit Node tool. Supply information to the Inspector Bar to The Fillet modification tool. draw lines with lengths and angles. Using the Selector Shell's stretch handles. Use the Selector Shell handles to resize objects. Select and assemble objects together using SEKE's Change the pen width of objects.

Information : Take Note : Additional snap modes are discussed at Save your drawing at regular intervals if you regular intervals throughout this program. want to keep this drawing.

Estimated Drawing Time : 15 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 30 Minutes

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Line & circle geometry

Line & circle geometry is defined as single 2 dimensional entities drawn in the graphics editor.

Some examples of line geometry are : single lines, polylines, polygons and rectangles.

Some examples of circle geometry are : circles, arcs and ellipses.

In this task : Simple lines and circles will be drawn. These shapes will be modified using the Edit Tool. The modified objects will then be assembled using snap modes.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using an appropriate template. There should be a 'Model' layer in the drawing. The QuickCAM for the next task has been incorporated into this task.

Rectangle

From the Line toolbar shown above, left click onto the Rectangle option, shown above. Observe the Layer toolbar! The active layer should be the Model layer. This is used to draw the major objects in model space. At the prompt > Define the first corner of the box, left click anywhere in the graphics editor. Notice how the first corner of the rectangle has been anchored. The rectangle can now be dragged to any opposing corner to complete the rectangle. For this exercise, a length and height will be given by supplying measurements in the Inspector Bar.

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The Inspector Bar

The TAB keyboard key is used to send dimensional and measurement information to the Inspector Bar, shown above.

Information is then typed into the Inspector bar, each field being accessed by using the TAB keyboard key.

The TAB key is also used to cycle between the fields in the Inspector Bar. To process the information in the data fields of the Inspector Bar, the keyboard ENTER key is used.

The Inspector Bar is context sensitive. This means it will display information relevant to the current activity.

In this task : Information will be input into the data fields of the Inspector bar to create a rectangle which measures 50 x 25.

Before you Start : The QuickCAM for this task has been incorporated into the previous task.

Make sure the first corner of the rectangle has been fixed in the graphics editor. If not, select Rectangle from the drawing tools toolbar, then left click any position in the graphics editor. At the prompt > Define the second corner of the box, use the keyboard TAB key to access the data fields of the Inspector Bar. Input 50 into the Size A field, then use the TAB keyboard key again. Input 25 into the Size B field, shown below. Use Zoom Extents to view the entire drawing if necessary.

Now press the keyboard ENTER key to process this information.

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The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Line

This feature draws a single line with a start, middle and end point.

The start and end points of the line are referred to as vertices. A single point is referred to as a vertex.

Additional lines are started automatically after the completion of the current line.

In this task : A single line will be drawn to an approximate length of 90. This line will then be rotated to approximately 20º using the Rotator handle.

Before you Start : Reduce the zoom using the Zoom Out tool. The drawing objects are drawn on the layer Model.

Left click onto the Line feature, shown above and at the prompt > Define the start point of the line, left click anywhere in the graphics editor, not too close to the existing rectangle. At the prompt > Define the end point of the line, TAB to the data fields of the Inspector Bar and input 90 into the Length field. Now TAB to the Angle field and input 0 and press ENTER. A single line has been drawn in the graphics editor.

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If this is not immediately visible, use the Zoom Extents tool shown right. The keyboard CTRL BACKSPACE keys can be also be used.

The Selector Shell The Selector Shell is attached to an object which has been selected using the Select tool.

The Selector Shell allows in-place modifications and manipulations by using the handles, the rotator bar and the reference point.

Selector Shell Properties The Selector Shell, shown above consists of the following features : Handles at each corner and at each midpoint of the selection rectangle, used as follows : Corner handles are used for re-sizing the objects within. By holding down the SHIFT key whilst dragging a corner handle the aspect ratio (the relative X- Y scale) will be maintained.

Midpoint handles By dragging the handles at the top or bottom of the selector shell, the object selection will be stretched along the vertical (Y) axis. By dragging the handles at the sides of the selector shell, the object selection will be stretched along the horizontal (X) axis.

Green Rotator Bar and Handle By left clicking onto the green rotator handle which lies just outside the selector shell, the objects within can be rotated in a positive (anti-clockwise) or negative (clockwise) direction. The angle of rotation can also be input into the Rotation field of the Inspector Bar.

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Yellow Reference Point This is the point by which objects are repositioned in the graphics editor. The position of the Reference Point can be moved by typing in the keyboard letter D when the objects are selected. Use the reference point locator, shown right, to reposition the reference point . To return the reference point to its default position, select the objects, then right click and select Default Reference Point from the local menu.

Take Note : Remember, manipulation of objects (copy, move, scale, rotate) can only be done once they have been selected.

Object Handling

Single, in place object handling can be done to modify or duplicate selected objects.

Objects are modified using the Rotate and Scale features.

Objects are duplicated by using the Copy and Rubber Stamp features.

In this task : The rotator bar will be used to rotate the newly drawn line to an angle of 20º

Before you Start : Make sure there is sufficient space around the line for it to be rotated. Adjust the zoom if necessary.

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Using the Select tool shown above, left click onto the newly drawn line. The green rotator handle will be shown at the end of the line. Left click onto the rotator handle and drag the mouse cursor upwards until the icon, shown right is displayed. Observe the rotation field in the data fields of the Inspector Bar. The angle corresponds to the movement of the cursor. Rotate the line until the angle in the rotation field reads 20º or TAB to the rotation field and input 20 and press ENTER. Press the keyboard ESCAPE key to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Take Note : At this stage, there should be 2 objects in the graphics editor; the rectangle and the line, similar to the illustration below.

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Concentric Circles

The Concentric Circle feature draws a series of circles at different radii from the same center point.

The radii or diameters are input into the data fields of the Inspector Bar.

In this task : 2 concentric circles will be drawn in the graphics editor. Their radii will be input into the Inspector Bar.

Before you Start : The circles will be drawn to the right of the existing objects. Make sure there is enough space.

Select Concentric circles from the Circle/Ellipse toolbar, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Define the center point of the circles, left click any position in the graphics editor that is not too close to the existing rectangle and line. At the prompt > Define the radius of the circle, TAB to the radius field and input 6 and press ENTER. TAB again to the radius field and input 12 and press enter. Right click and select Finish from the local menu. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

The graphics editor, at this stage, should resemble the illustration, below. Your drawing may be different if you have drawn the objects in different positions.

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Perpendicular Line

This feature draws a line at a 90º aspect from an existing line.

The line from which the perpendicular is being drawn can be divided into equal segments and the perpendicular line can be drawn within any of the segmented lengths.

In this task : A perpendicular line will be drawn from the angled line.

Before you Start : Increase the zoom in the area of the angled line.

From the line toolbar, left click onto Perpendicular line, shown above. At the prompt > Define the line to make a perpendicular to, left click anywhere on the angled line. Move the cursor to a position similar to that shown in the illustration, right, then left click to define this position. At the prompt > Define the end point of the line, draw the line to the approximate position shown in the illustration below, or TAB to the data fields and input 35 into the Length field. The result should be similar to the illustration below.

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Edit Tool/Edit Node

The Edit Tool can be used to edit the vertex points of a line and the radius handles of circles and arcs.

The Edit Tool is a comprehensive modification tool and is used frequently during forthcoming activity sessions throughout this Training Guide.

In this task : The Edit Tool will be used to change the shape of the rectangle.

Before you Start : Increase the zoom in the area of the rectangular shape.

From the Select toolbar, shown above select the Edit Tool. Now left click onto the rectangle. A selector shell will enclose this object, shown right. Position the cursor over the lower left node until the bi directional arrows are displayed, shown right. Left click onto this node drag the cursor towards the right, shown below.

Now TAB to the data fields and input 20 into the Delta X field. TAB again to the Delta Y field and input 0, press ENTER. Now place the cursor over the lower right node until the bi- directional arrow is displayed, shown right.

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Drag this node towards the left, then TAB to the data fields and input -10 into the Delta X field. TAB again to the Delta Y field and input 0, then press ENTER. Press the keyboard ESCAPE key twice to discard the Edit Node handles and the Selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Fillet

The Fillet feature creates an arc or radius between 2 lines, circles or arcs.

In this task : A radius will be fitted between all the corners of the reshaped rectangle.

Before you Start : Zoom in to the rectangular shape.

Place the pointing device in the center of the reshaped rectangle, then use the Zoom In tool, above to increase the magnification. The keyboard Plus (+) key can also be used. Make sure the zoom magnification is sufficient for the reshaped rectangle to be clearly visible. From the modify toolbar, left click onto Fillet, shown at the start of this task, then TAB to the radius fields and input 3.

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At the prompt > Define the first entity, left click onto the position shown in the left tile, below. At the prompt > Define the second entity, left click onto the position shown in the middle tile below. The result should be similar to the illustration in the right tile, below.

Repeat this, selecting corresponding corners on all the remaining vertices. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Your drawing, at this stage, should resemble the illustration, below.

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Snap Modes

Snap modes are used to target specific points of geometry on an object.

Single Entry Keyboard Equivalents [SEKE's] are used as express, single instance keys to activate a particular snap mode.

The snap mode toolbar, shown above contains most of the Object, or Target snap points required to snap to specific points of geometry in a drawing.

When a snap mode has been activated in the snap mode toolbar, it remains active until its is deactivated. This is referred to as a running snap mode.

Some snap modes are exclusive, ie: they will override other snap modes. Care should be taken not to activate too many snap modes in a single session.

In the absence of the snap modes toolbar, the snap mode menu can be found by using the right click mouse button and selecting Local Snap.

When a single instance (once-off) snap mode is required, use the Single Entry Keyboard Equivalent Keys.

In this task : The shapes will be assembled using the correct snap mode. The vertex point will be targeted by using the V single entry keyboard equivalent.

Before you Start : Reduce the zoom slightly. All objects should be clearly visible. After inputting V to target the vertex, do not press enter.

For this task, the circles will be assembled onto the start vertex of the angled line. Make sure all the objects are visible in the graphics editor. If this is not the case, use Zoom Extents. Using the Select tool, select the outer circle, then hold down the SHIFT key and left click onto the inner circle. By holding down the SHIFT key, multiple objects can be selected, shown by the ± symbol.

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When both objects are contained within the Selector Shell, left click once onto the yellow reference point. Do not hold the mouse key down. Move the selected objects towards the angled line, shown below.

Position the bi-directional arrow exactly over the vertex shown in the illustration above, then type V to target the Vertex point of this line. Press ESCAPE to discard the Selector Shell. The

result should be similar to the illustration, right. Now select the re-shaped rectangle and left click onto the yellow reference point. Drag the shape towards the angled line and position it in a similar manner to that shown below.

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Press ESCAPE to discard the Selector Shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Selector Shell Stretch Handles

The midpoint handles on the Selector Shell are used for stretching the objects within.

By dragging the handles at the top or bottom of the selector shell, the object selection will be stretched along the vertical (Y) axis.

By dragging the handles at the sides of the selector shell, the object selection will be stretched along the horizontal (X) axis.

In this task : The selector shell handles will be used to stretch the wheelbarrow.

Before you Start : Take care to stretch the left side of the shape beyond the center points of the circles, shown below right.

Select the reshaped rectangle and drag the left middle handle towards the left, so that the selection rectangle is almost tangential to the inner circle, shown right. Left click to define the position. Repeat this by dragging the top middle handle upwards then press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell.

The result should be similar to the illustration right.

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The SHIFT key

The keyboard SHIFT key is used to constrain a 90º angle when drawing or moving objects.

In this task : A 90º line will be drawn upwards from the center of the concentric circles.

Before you Start : Adjust the zoom so the left side of the drawing is clearly visible.

Select the Line tool and position the cursor over the end vertex of the angled line, shown right. Type V to target the vertex of this

line. Hold down the SHIFT key and drag the pointing device upwards, similar to the illustration, shown below. The ghost-line should be perfectly straight.

Left click to define this position. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Pen Width

This feature adjusts the width of an entity.

In this task : The pen width of the lines will be changed.

Before you Start : Adjust the zoom magnification, make sure the entire drawing is displayed in the graphics editor.

Using the Select tool, left click onto the 90º line,

shown right. Hold down the SHIFT key and select the 2 other angled single lines. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Move to the Property toolbar, and select 2 from the Pen Width drop down selection, shown below.

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Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration,

right.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

Measurement information is passed to the Inspector Bar by using the TAB keyboard key. Objects are selected using the select tool, which places a selector shell around these objects. Objects can only be handled once they have been selected and are enclosed by the selector shell. Multiple objects are selected by selecting the first in the series, then holding down the SHIFT key to include additional objects. The selector shell handles can be used to stretch or resize the objects within. The Edit Tool is used to edit the vertex points of a line and the radius node of an arc or circle. When drawing a straight line, the keyboard SHIFT key is used to constrain the angle to 90º The width of lines can be changed using the Pen Width feature in the Property toolbar.

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Session Four

Single Lines ...... 84 Parallel Lines...... 85 Intersection snap mode...... 87 Tangent Lines ...... 89 Line Length ...... 91 Layer Properties ...... 92 Orthogonal Dimensions ...... 94 Radial Dimensions ...... 95 Session 4 Summary ...... 97

Session Four

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this Introducing : The following features will activity session you will learn about : be introduced during this activity session : Use the Intersection snap mode. The Intersection Snap Mode Create parallel offsets from existing lines. Tangent Lines Draw lines tangentially to circles. Line Length Change the properties of layers. Parallel Lines Shorten and lengthen lines. Orthogonal & Radial Dimensioning.

Information : Take Note : Layer Properties and using the SHIFT key to Always place the cursor directly over the select multiple objects were discussed and intersection when using the Intersection Snap demonstrated in Session 1 of this Training Mode. Guide. The Offset field should be locked when using the Parallel feature.

Estimated Drawing Time : 25 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 35 Minutes

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Single Lines

This feature draws a single line with a start, middle and end point.

The start and end points of the line are referred to a vertices. A single point is referred to as a vertex.

Additional lines are started automatically after the completion of the current line.

In this task : Horizontal and vertical lines will be drawn to create intersections for circles.

Associated tasks : Inputting a length into the data field of the Inspector Bar. Using the Zoom Extents and Zoom Out tools.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using an appropriate template. Three layers should be available; Model, CL and Dims. After the first line has been drawn to an approximate overall length, use Zoom Extents to increase the zoom magnification.

Start a new drawing using the Student template. Activate the Tools Palette and select the Sketch menu. Select the Line tool, shown above, then left click a position at the left side of the graphics editor.

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Use the keyboard TAB key to access the data fields of the Inspector bar, then input an approximate value of 700 into the Length field. Use the keyboard TAB key again and input a value of 0 into the Angle field shown below.

Press ENTER to pass this information to the graphics editor. Now start a new line from a point above the line and drag the cursor downwards to the approximate position to that shown right. Left click to define the end point of the vertical line.

The result should resemble the illustration, below.

Parallel Lines

Creates a parallel line at a specified offset distance from an existing line.

The distance is input into the Offset field of the Inspector Bar.

The Offset data field can be locked when a fixed offset distance is required.

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In this task :

A parallel line will be created by using the vertical line as the object from which to offset the new line.

Associated tasks : Locking a data field.

Before you Start : Remember to lock the Offset field after the first value has been input.

Activate the Tools Palette and select the Sketch menu. Now select the Parallel tool from the Line menu panel. At the prompt > Define a line to make parallel to, TAB to the Offset field and input 600. Now lock this field by left clicking onto the padlock, shown right. In the illustration, right, the Length padlock is

unlocked; the Offset padlock is locked. Now left click onto the vertical line and at the prompt > Define the position of the line, left click a position to the right of the vertical line, shown right. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Intersection Snap Mode

The Intersection snap mode snaps to the crossing or intersecting point of entities, including construction lines and circles.

The SEKE I can be used to target an intersection.

In this task : Concentric circles will be drawn onto the intersection of the lines.

Associated tasks : Drawing Concentric Circles with defined radii.

Before you Start : It may be necessary to increase the zoom magnification so that the intersections of the lines are clearly visible.

Take Note : The overall line lengths may appear incorrect at this stage. The length of each line will be adjusted later in this session.

Activate the Tools Palette and select the Sketch menu. Now select the Concentric Circles option from the Circle/Ellipse panel. At the prompt > Define the center point of the circles, position the cursor over the intersection, shown right.

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With the cursor position over this intersection, input I (do not press enter) This will target the intersection of the horizontal and vertical lines, shown right. Now TAB to the radius field and input 50 and press ENTER. TAB again to the radius field and input 150 and press ENTER. Right click in the graphics editor and select Finish from the local menu. The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Now place the cursor over the intersection shown by the pointer, right and input I to correctly target this intersection. Do not press ENTER after typing in the SEKE I. TAB to the radius field and input 30 and press ENTER. TAB again to the radius field and input 100 and press ENTER. Right click in the graphics editor and select Finish from the local menu. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Tangent Lines

The Tangent to 2 Arcs feature connects a single line between 2 tangency points on a circle, ellipse or arc.

Snap modes are not required when using this feature.

In this task : Lines will be drawn tangentially to the circles.

Before you Start : Make sure the line is started from the approximate tangency position on the circle.

Take Note : This line feature automatically connects to the tangency point of each circle. Snap modes are not required to target the tangency points.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Select Tangent to 2 Arcs from the Line panel, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Pick the first arc or circle, left click onto a position similar to that shown right. Now drag the cursor to a position similar to that shown below, then left click to define the end point of the line.

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The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Next, left click a position similar to that shown in the

illustration right.

Drag the tangential line to a position similar to that shown below, then left click to define this position.

The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Line Length

This feature shortens or lengthens a line to a position specified by the pointing device.

A boundary edge is not required.

The angle of the line will remain the same when the line length is changed.

In this task : The end points of the lines will be adjusted using Line Length.

Associated tasks : Using the Zoom In/Zoom Out tools.

Before you Start : Activate the Tools Palette; use the Modify menu. Use Zoom Extents so that the end points of the lines are visible.

Take Note : The angle of the lines will remain the same when the lines are lengthened or shortened. This is referred to as maintaining the planar integrity.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. Select Line Length from the Modify panel, shown at the start of this task. Left click onto the line in a similar position to that shown right.

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Now drag the line to a more suitable length, similar to the illustration right, and left click to define the new position.

Repeat this procedure with any line of which you wish to adjust the length so that the final result is similar to the illustration, below.

Layer Properties

The layer properties of an entity can be changed at any time during the design process.

As discussed and demonstrated in Session 1, a pre-drawn entity can be moved to a more appropriate layer.

In this task : The lines which represent the center lines will be moved to the layer CL.

Associated tasks : Selecting multiple objects using the SHIFT keyboard key.

Before you Start : The pen dash scale for the center lines should be about .25 when working in a metric environment. Select the line, then use the properties sheet to adjust the pen dash scale if necessary.

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Take Note : The pen Dash Scale refers to the frequency and interval length of broken lines. The Dash Scale can be adjusted for different lines. The Dash Scale is adjusted by selecting the line, then using the Properties > Pen page.

Using the Select tool, left click onto the left vertical line, then hold down the SHIFT key to select the horizontal line, shown right. With the SHIFT key still held down, left click onto the right vertical line. When all the orthogonal lines have been selected, the result should resemble the illustration, below.

Now move to the layer drop down and select the CL layer, shown below.

Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell from the selected entities.

The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Orthogonal Dimensions

Dimensions are always inserted onto a layer specifically created for this purpose.

Typical dimensions used in this Session are referred to as Orthogonal (vertical or horizontal) and Radial (diameter or radius)

In this task : Orthogonal Dimensioning will be used to dimension between the vertical center lines. Diameter and Radius dimension will be used to dimension the circles.

Associated tasks : Setting an overall dimension scale. Using the Vertex snap mode.

Before you Start : The Dimension panel is required for this task. This is found in the Sketch menu of the Tools Palette. Always insert dimensions onto their designated layer.

Take Note : The dimension scale is the unit by which all dimension features such as arrowhead size, text size, etc are adjusted.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Open the Dimension panel. Right click onto the Orthogonal dimension tool and apply a scale of 10 in the Format > Dimension size scale field. Now left click onto the Orthogonal dimension tool. The current layer should immediately change to 'Dims' Position the cursor over the VERTEX shown right, then type V to correctly snap to this point.

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Now position the cursor over the corresponding vertex, shown right and type V to correctly target this point.

Now drag the cursor upwards, to a position similar to that shown below. Left click to place the dimension.

Radial Dimensions

A Radius dimension is used to dimension an arc.

A Diameter dimension is used to dimension a full circle.

In this task : Diameter dimensions will be used to dimension the circles.

Before you Start : Use Radius dimensions to dimension arc segments. Use Diameter dimensions to dimension full circles.

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Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Select the Diameter dimension tool.

Left click onto the circle, shown by the cursor, right. Drag the cursor downwards, similar to the position shown by the cursor in the illustration, below.

Left click to position the dimension.

Please note : Dimension text can be modified so that it is seated horizontally if preferred. To do this, select the dimension, right click and select Properties from the local menu. From the Format page, check the Force Text Horizontal option.

Use the Diameter dimension tool to finish dimensioning the model.

The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Please note : To change the alignment of the diameter dimension text, select the dimensions, right click and select Properties. From the Format page, select Force Text Horizontal.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

Parallel lines are used to offset existing lines at a specified distance. Multiple objects are selected by selecting the first in the series, then holding down the keyboard SHIFT key. The Intersection snap mode is used to snap to the intersection of entities. Lines can be drawn tangentially to circles by using the Line Tangent to 2 Arcs tool. When adjusting the length of lines using the Line Length tool, the angle of the line is maintained. The Layer property toolbar is used to change the layer of selected entities. When dimensioning between 2 points, the vertex snap mode should be used for accuracy.

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Task Drawing

Design Brief

Design Brief Checklist : Use the measurements in the drawing, above left to produce both views of the model. Use Linear and Radial dimensions to complete the design.

Drawing Assistance : There is no ScreenCAM assistance for the practical tasks. Refer to the Practical drawing for this session for dimensional information.

Save the drawing : Save this drawing for future reference.

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Session Five

Single Lines ...... 100 Parallel Lines...... 101 Meet 2 Lines ...... 103 Circle ...... 105 Chamfer...... 106 Layer Properties ...... 107 Entity dimensions...... 108 Model & Paper Space ...... 110 Create View ...... 111 Insert View ...... 112 Page Setup...... 113 Viewport Scale ...... 116 Viewport Borders ...... 117 Text...... 118 Session 5 Summary ...... 120

Session Five

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Create a simple technical drawing using lines, Chamfer parallel lines and circles. Meet 2 Lines ; Parallel Lines Modify the lines using Meet 2 Lines. Entity Dimensioning Create a 45º chamfer. Model and Paper Space layout Add simple dimensions to the model. Viewport Scale Create a layout of the drawing in paper space. Viewport Borders.

Information : Take Note : Entity and Diameter dimensions are Always make sure the correct layering technique discussed and demonstrated in this activity is used. Three layers are used in this activity session. session, Model, CL and DIMS. Additional dimension features will be discussed at interim stages of this Training Guide.

Estimated Drawing Time : 30 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 45 Minutes

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Single Lines

This feature draws a single line with a start, middle and end point.

The start and end points of the line are referred to as vertices. A single point is referred to as a vertex.

Additional lines are started automatically after the completion of the current line.

In this task : 2 intersecting single lines will be drawn.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using the Student_2D template, or any suitable template. Three layers must be available; Model, CL and Dims

From the Drawing tools toolbar, select the Line tool, shown at the start of this task. Start a position towards the top of the graphics editor, then TAB to the data fields and input a Length of 100 and an angle of 270. Press enter to finish the line. Use the Zoom Extents, then the Zoom Out tool to adjust the magnification of the line in the graphics editor. Now start the horizontal line by indicating a position towards the left of the graphics editor. Drag the cursor towards the right side, approximately bisecting the vertical line. Hold down the SHIFT key to draw a straight line.

Left click to define the end point of this line.

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Parallel Lines

Creates a parallel line at a specified offset distance from an existing line.

The offset distance is input into the Offset field of the Inspector Bar.

The Offset data field can be locked when a specific offset distance is required.

In this task : Parallel lines will be offset from the existing lines.

Associated tasks : Locking the Offset data field.

Before you Start : Use the Zoom Extents tool so that the entire extents of the lines are visible.

From the Line toolbar, select Parallel shown above, then TAB to the Offset field. Input a value of 30, then lock the padlock to fix this offset value. At the prompt > Define a line to make parallel to, left click onto the vertical line, shown right.

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At the prompt > Define the position of the line, left click a position to the right of this line, shown below.

Repeat this by left clicking onto the main vertical line, then left click a position to the left of this line. The result should be similar to the illustration below. Now TAB to the offset data field and input a value of 38. Left click onto the horizontal line then left click a position above this line. Left click onto the horizontal line, then left click to a position below this line. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Take Note : The lines you have drawn may appear longer or shorter than the lines in the previous

illustration, above right.

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Meet 2 Lines

The Meet 2 Lines feature creates 'corners' of intersecting or potentially intersecting lines.

The planar geometry of the lines is not compromised when using the Meet 2 Lines feature.

In this task : 90º corners will be created from the intersecting lines.

Associated tasks : Creating a parallel offset

Before you Start : Make sure the extents of the lines are visible in the drawing. If this is not the case, then use Zoom Extents to view the entire drawing.

From the Modify toolbar, select Meet 2 Lines, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Select the first entity, left click onto the line shown in the illustration, right. At the prompt > Select the second entity, left click onto the line shown in the illustration, below.

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The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Repeat this for the other lines, creating corners that resemble the illustration, below.

Now select the Parallel tool from the Line toolbar then TAB to the offset field and input 12. Left click onto the bottom line, shown right, then left click a position above this line so that the result resembles the illustration, below.

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Circle Center and Point

The circle feature draws a single circle by defining the center point and the radius.

The radius can either be defined by selecting a point in the graphics editor, or by inputting a value into the Radius field.

A diameter or circumference value can be given.

In this task : A circle will be inserted onto the intersection of the center lines.

Associated tasks : Using the Intersection Snap Mode from the local menu.

Before you Start : Zoom in to the middle of the drawing so that the intersection of the center lines is clearly visible.

Take Note : When using the snap modes from the local menu, the selected snap mode is available for a single instance only.

From the Drawing tools toolbar, select Circle center and point, shown above. Now place the cursor over the intersection of the center lines, then right click and select Local Snap > Intersection, then place the cursor over the intersecting point of the 2 major lines, then left click to position the center of the circle.

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TAB to the radius data field and input 10 and press ENTER. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Chamfer

The Chamfer feature creates a beveled edge at a specified distance between 2 non-parallel lines.

In this task : A 45º chamfer will be created across the corners of a 90º angle.

Before you Start : Make sure the top right corner of the drawing is visible in the graphics editor. Use either Zoom Window or Zoom In to increase the zoom in this area.

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From the Modify>Chamfer toolbar, select Chamfer, Distance and Distance and TAB to the data fields. Input 25 into the Dist A field, then TAB to the Dist B field and input 25. Left click onto the line in the approximate position to that shown in the left tile, below. Now left click onto the vertical line in the approximate position to that shown in the middle tile, below.

The result should resemble the illustration in the right tile, below.

First chamfer click position Second chamfer click position Result

Layer Properties

The layer properties of an entity can be changed at any time during the design process.

As discussed and demonstrated in Session 1, a pre drawn entity can be moved to a more appropriate layer.

In this task : The lines which represent the center lines will be moved to the CL layer.

Associated tasks : Using the Line Length tool to adjust the overall length of the center lines. Using the Shift key to select additional objects.

Before you Start : A layer specifically created for center lines must be available in this drawing.

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Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. Now use the Line Length tool discussed and demonstrated in Session 4 to shorten or lengthen the overall length of the main center lines.

To change the layer properties of the center lines, select the vertical center line, then hold down the SHIFT key and include the horizontal center line in the selection.

Select the layer CL from the layer drop down in the Layer properties toolbar. This was discussed and demonstrated in Session 4.

The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Entity Dimensions

Dimensions should always be inserted onto a layer specifically created for this purpose.

Inserts an orthogonal or parallel dimension by referencing an entity.

Snap modes are not required when using Entity or Segment dimensions.

Entity and Segment dimensions are activated by selecting a linear dimension tool, eg: Orthogonal, then right clicking in the graphics editor and selecting either Entity or Segment from the local menu.

Entity and Segment dimensions remain activated until deactivated by the user.

In this task : The Entity Dimension feature will be used to create the vertical and horizontal dimensions.

Associated tasks : Diameter Dimensions

Before you Start : The Dimension toolbar, shown above, is required for this task.

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Left click onto the Orthogonal dimension tool, shown at the start of this task. Now right click somewhere in the graphics editor and select Entity Dimension from the local menu. At the prompt > Specify an entity to dimension, left click onto the bottom horizontal line, shown right. At the prompt > Specify the dimension line location, drag the dimension downward, so that the dimension appears similar to the illustration below.

Left click to define the position of the dimension line. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Repeat this for the other orthogonal dimensions until the result is similar to the illustration below.

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From the Dimension toolbar, select the Diameter tool. Left click onto the circle, then drag the dimension line outside the circle, similar to the illustration, right. Left click to define the position of the dimension line, so that the result is similar to the illustration, below.

Take Note : Page Setup and orientation. The dimension text in the illustrations above has been increased to enhance the clarity of the graphics.

Model and Paper Space layouts

The model space area is where the object is designed, drawn and dimensioned.

The paper space area is where the object is assembled and scaled for layout and printing purposes.

A view of the model is created in model space which is then inserted into the paper space area where the 'virtual scale' is created.

All drawings are composed at full scale in model space and strict layer control is advised when drawing the model.

Subsequent changes made to the model after the viewports have been inserted into paper space will be automatically updated.

Each viewport in Paper space functions as a self-contained drawing. Consequently independent settings for Grids, Layers etc can be set within each separate viewport.

Viewports can be moved, copied, scaled & rotated in Paper space without their contents being adjusted.

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In this task : A view of the model will be created which will then be inserted at an appropriate scale into the paper space area.

Create View

A view is created of the drawing, or part of the drawing which is then inserted into the Paper Space area.

The scale of the drawing is controlled through the viewport in paper space.

In this task : A view of the drawing will be created, then inserted into paper space.

Associated tasks : Adding a menu panel to the Tools Palette.

Before you Start : Make sure the extents of the drawing, including the dimensions are clearly visible in the graphics editor. Views of the drawing are created from the Model Space layout.

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Select Create View, shown at the start of this task, from the Standard toolbar, then at the prompt > Define the first corner of the view, left click a position similar to that shown by the lower left pointer in the illustration below. At the prompt > Define the second corner of the view, left click a position similar to that shown by the upper right pointer in the illustration below. The Create View dialog box will be displayed. Input the name Front into the View Name field, then click OK.

This view will now be inserted into the paper space area where the correct scale will be given.

Insert View

This is the method used to insert a previously created view into the paper space layout.

The drawing is always printed from the paper space area.

A ratio scale can be given to the newly inserted viewport.

Layers can be switched off in individual viewports. Several views of the model can be inserted onto the paper space layout. More than one sheet can be used to create multiple page layouts.

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In this task :

The correct page size and orientation will be created for printing purposes. The newly created view will then be inserted into the prepared paper space area.

Associated tasks : Page Setup and orientation.

Before you Start : At least one view of the drawing should be available. Make sure the correct drawing sheet size and orientation is selected prior to inserting the viewports.

Page Setup

The correct Printer page size and drawing sheet size must be done prior to inserting the view. The printing scale of the paper space area is usually set to 1:1. Only the viewport boundaries are used to create a virtual scale.

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Left click onto the Paper 1 tab at the bottom left of the model space graphics editor. Select File > Page Setup and apply the settings shown in the illustration, below. Pay particular attention to the areas shown by the arrows.

Click OK when all the above settings have been set. Please note : The default printer settings will differ. The grid display can be switched off for this task. Use Show/Hide Grid to do this.

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Insert View Select Insert View, shown at the start of this task, from the Standard toolbar, then left click a position similar to that shown by the lower left pointer, below. Now drag the cursor to the opposing corner, shown by the upper right pointer, below.

The Named View dialog box, shown below, will be displayed. Click onto the Front View, then click Go to, then Close when finished.

The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Viewport Scale

A virtual scale can be given to the objects within the viewport by using the Viewport scale option.

Creating a scale of the viewport does not affect the size of the objects in model space.

In this task : A scale of 1:1 will be applied to the newly inserted view. This will create a virtual scale of this drawing without adjusting the scale of the drawing in model space.

Before you Start : The viewport scale is controlled through the viewport border. Therefore, at least one viewport must be available in the paper space layout.

Left click onto the viewport, then right click and select Properties from the local menu. Now select the Viewport page for the explorer bar at the left side. Check the Fixed Scale option, then change the ratio scale to 1:1 shown right. Click OK when finished, then press OK. Do not discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the

illustration, below.

Take Note : The viewport border will be adjusted to accommodate the drawing in the following task.

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Viewport Border

The boundary of the viewports provides the means by which the image within can be moved, resized or rotated in paper space. This is done by using the selector shell handles.

In this task : The viewport border will be resized using the selector shell handles to accommodate the drawing.

Before you Start : The display of viewport borders is optional, but they are generally removed prior to printing.

Use the selector shell handles to manipulate the viewport border until the entire drawing is visible within the viewport boundary. Take care not to leave too much empty space between the viewport boundary and the drawing. When the viewport boundary has been sufficiently manipulated to accommodate the drawing, similar to the illustration, right click and select Properties from the local menu. Press ESCAPE to discard the Selector Shell.

The result should be similar to the illustration, above right and below.

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Text

Descriptive, labeling text is done in paper space.

When text is inserted into the paper space area, the scale should correspond to the paper space printing scale, usually 1:1 (Full Scale)

In instances where there is a great deal of text information to be inserted, a TEXT layer should be specifically created for this purpose.

In this task : Text will be inserted into paper space to label the viewports.

Before you Start : The height of text which is inserted into the paper space layout will be created at full scale, relative to the actual size of the printed drawing sheet. A specific layer for text labeling can be created if preferred. This is optional for this task. Make sure Paper Space is activated. Labeling of viewports is done in paper space.

From the drawing tools toolbar, select the Text tool, shown at the start of this task. Activate a suitable layer on which to insert the text. If a layer has not been created for Text, use the Dimension layer. Select the Text Alignment tool, then select the justification shown by the cursor in the illustration right. TAB to the Height field and input 8. TAB to the angle field and input 0. Now left click a position under the viewport border, centered underneath the drawing.

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Type the wording Front View, then press ENTER. The result should be similar to the

illustration, below.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

Drawing/Modification Features Parallel lines are used to offset existing lines at a specified distance. The Meet 2 Lines feature creates corners of intersecting or potentially intersecting lines. The Chamfer feature creates a beveled edge at a specified angle or distance between 2 non- parallel lines. The Layer property toolbar is used to change the layer of selected entities.

Dimensions Dimensions should always be inserted onto a layer specifically created for this purpose. Entity dimensions measure the selected entity and insert either a horizontal or vertical dimension. A circle is dimensioned by using the Diameter dimension feature.

Model & Paper Space Page size and orientation is done in the paper space area prior to inserting the view of the drawing. A view is created in model space which is then inserted into paper space. The scale of the drawing is done by adjusting the viewport scale. Descriptive or labeling text is done in paper space at full scale.

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Task Drawing

Design Brief

Design Brief Specifics : Use the measurements in the drawing, above left, to produce a single view of the model. Produce and dimension the projection view of the model. Use Linear and Radial dimensions to complete the design. Create one viewport in the paper space layout of the model.

Drawing Assistance : There is no ScreenCAM assistance for the practical tasks. Refer to the Practical drawing for this session for dimensional information.

Save the drawing : Save this drawing for future reference.

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Session Six

Single Lines ...... 123 Parallel Lines...... 124 Meet 2 Lines ...... 125 Parallel Lines...... 126 Shrink Extend Line ...... 127 Parallel Lines & Layer Properties ...... 129 Parallel Construction ...... 130 Circle ...... 132 Object Trim ...... 133 Quick Dimensions ...... 135 Orthogonal Dimension ...... 136 Radius dimensions ...... 138 Create View ...... 139 Insert View ...... 140 Session 6 Summary ...... 142

Session Six

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this Introducing : The following features will activity session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Create a shear pin using Single Lines, Shrink/Extend Line. Parallel offsets and Meet 2 Lines. Parallel Construction Shorten and lengthen lines to boundary Object Trim edges. Radius Dimensions Delete segments of line. Insert radial dimensioning.

Information : Take Note : When construction entities are used, a layer Excessive use of construction entities is called $Construction is automatically created discouraged when creating 2D drawings. Use the and added to the current layer structure. appropriate CAD features instead. Both the Shrink/Extend Line and Object Objects must always be moved to the correct Trim tools require a boundary edge to be layer. This can be done at the completion of the selected to which to shrink/extend/trim to. design.

Estimated Drawing Time : 30 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 45 Minutes

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Single Lines

This feature draws a single line with a start, middle and end point.

The start and end points of the line are referred to as vertices. A single point is referred to as a vertex.

Additional lines are started automatically after the completion of the current line.

In this task : 2 Single lines will be drawn as construction aids to create offsets for the shear pin. These 2 lines will be placed on a layer specifically created for center lines.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using the Student_2D template, or any suitable template. Three layers must be available; Model, CL and Dims.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch Menu. Start a vertical line towards the top of the graphics editor, then TAB to the data fields and input a Length of 30 and an Angle of 270. Press Enter. Now use Zoom Extents, then Zoom Out to view the extents of the vertical line. Repeat this, starting a horizontal line from the left of the graphics editor, approximately bisecting the vertical line. Hold down the SHIFT keyboard key to constrain the angle to 90º, then left click to define the end of the line, towards the right of the graphics editor. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Parallel Lines

Creates a parallel line at a specified offset distance from an existing line.

The offset distance is input into the Offset field of the Inspector Bar.

The Offset data field can be locked when a specific offset distance is required.

In this task : Parallel lines will be offset from the vertical and horizontal lines.

Before you Start : Make sure the extents of the lines are visible. If not, use the Zoom Extents tool.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Select the Parallel tool from the Line panel, shown at the start of this task. TAB to the Offset field, input 10 and lock the data field. At the prompt >Define a line to make parallel to, left click onto the vertical line. At the prompt > Define the position of the line, left click a position to the right of the vertical line, similar to the illustration, right. Next, TAB to the Offset field and input 4. Select the horizontal line, then left click a position above it. Left click onto the center line again, then left click a position below it. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Meet 2 Lines

The Meet 2 Lines feature creates 'corners' of intersecting or potentially intersecting lines.

The planar geometry of the lines is not compromised when using the Meet 2 Lines feature.

In this task : The Meet 2 Lines feature will be used to create 90º corners on the intersecting lines to produce the result shown below left.

Before you Start : This is a small drawing. Adjust the zoom magnification so that the line intersections, shown below, are clearly visible.

Using the Meet 2 Lines feature in a similar manner to that discussed in Session 5, create 90º corners across the diagonal points on the intersecting lines. The last pair is illustrated, right. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Parallel Lines

This feature creates a parallel line at a specified offset distance from an existing line.

In this task : Parallel lines will be offset from existing lines to build the drawing.

Associated tasks : Meet 2 Lines.

Before you Start : This is a small drawing. Adjust the zoom magnification so that the line intersections, shown below, are clearly visible.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Select the Parallel tool from the Line

panel, shown at the start of this task. TAB to the Offset field and input 16. Make sure the data field is locked. Select the vertical line shown by the mouse cursor, right, then left click a position to the right of this line. TAB to the Offset field and input 6. Left click onto the main horizontal center line, then left click a position above it, shown by the cursor, below.

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Repeat this, by left clicking onto the main horizontal line again, then left clicking a position below it. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Now use Meet 2 Lines in a similar manner to that used earlier in this session to create 90º corners on the non-intersecting lines, shown below.

Select across the corners where the mouse is positioned to create the finished result, shown below.

Shrink/Extend Line

This feature shortens or lengthens a line to a boundary edge.

The planar integrity of the modified line is maintained.

In this task : The newly offset lines will be shortened to an intersecting boundary edge.

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Associated tasks : Creating an vertical and horizontal lines. Meet 2 Lines.

Before you Start : The bold lines in the illustrations below are for illustrative clarity only. Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu.

First, create a vertical offset of 2 to the right of the last vertical line, shown by the red arrow, right. Next, create two offsets of 4 above and below the main horizontal line, shown by the red arrows, below.

Now use Meet 2 Lines to create corners of the intersecting lines to the extreme right of the sketch, shown by the mouse cursor, below right. From the Modify menu, select Shrink/Extend Line, shown at the start of this task, then at the prompt > Click on the line to extend, left click onto the horizontal line in a position similar to that shown by the cursor, right. At the prompt > Click on the line to extend the object to, left click onto the vertical line in the position shown by the cursor, right. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Repeat this for the corresponding horizontal line, using similar positions on this line to the illustrations above. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Parallel Lines

When using the parallel line feature, the value in the data field can be locked.

In this task : Parallel lines will be offset from the most recently drawn lines. The horizontal line which represents the center line will be moved to a more appropriate layer.

Associated tasks : Changing the Layer Properties of a line. Meet 2 Lines. Using Line Length to shorten/lengthen a line.

Before you Start : This is a small drawing. Adjust the zoom magnification so that the line intersections, shown below, are clearly visible. There should be a layer specifically created for the center lines available in this drawing.

Use the Parallel tool to create an offset of 12 from the extreme right vertical line and offsets of 8 either side of the main center line. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Finish the drawing by using Meet 2 Lines to create 90º corners on the non intersecting lines.

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The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Use the Line Length tool to lengthen or shorten the

length of the main horizontal center line.

Select the main horizontal line, then move the cursor to the Properties toolbar and select the layer CL from the layer drop down. Make sure both the color and linestyle fields are set to BYLAYER. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Parallel Construction Line

The Parallel construction line functions in a similar manner to a Parallel line, offsetting a temporary construction line at a specified distance from a selected object.

All construction geometry inserted into the graphics editor is automatically placed on a layer called $Construction. This layer is created automatically when construction geometry is used.

Construction entities can be removed from the graphics editor by using Edit > Clear Construction.

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In this task : A parallel construction line will be offset from an object.

Associated tasks : The Construction tools panel. Using the Panels Setup in the Tools Palette.

Before you Start : Parallel Construction entities function in an identical manner to the Parallel Line tool. When construction entities are created for the first time, a new layer called $Construction will automatically be created. Construction entities can be removed using Edit > Clear > Construction.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. From the Construction panel, select Parallel construction, shown at the start of this task. TAB to the Offset field and input .84 Make sure the data field is locked. Now left click onto the vertical line shown right, then left click a position to the left of this line. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Circle center and point

The circle feature draws a single circle by defining the center point and radius.

The radius can either be defined by selecting a point in the graphics editor, or by inputting a value into the Radius field.

A diameter or circumference value can be given.

In this task : A circle will drawn be onto the intersection of the horizontal center line and the newly inserted vertical construction line.

Associated tasks : Using the Intersection and Vertex Snap Modes.

Before you Start : Use the Zoom In tool to increase the magnification around the area of the construction line and the parallel construction line, shown below right.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. From the Circle/Ellipse panel, select circle center and point, shown at the start of this task. Place the cursor over the intersection of the construction line and the parallel line, shown right then type I to correctly

target the Intersection.

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Now drag the cursor towards the vertex point shown below.

Now type V to correctly target the vertex of this point. The result

should be similar to the illustration, right.

Object Trim

This feature deletes the segments of lines or arcs between intersecting boundaries.

The intersecting boundary edge is referred to as the cutting edge.

In this task : The circle will be trimmed using the vertical line as the cutting edge.

Associated tasks : Clearing the Construction Line. Using Line Length to adjust the overall length of the center line.

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Before you Start : Use the Zoom In tool to increase the magnification around the area of the construction line and the circle, shown below right.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. Select Trim, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Define the cutting edge, select the vertical line, shown by the cursor, right. At the prompt > Add cutting edge or select object to trim, left click onto the circle in the approximate position to that indicated below.

Press ESCAPE to remove the selection.

Remove the construction line by using Edit > Clear > All construction. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Use Line Length to adjust the length of the center line if necessary.

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Quick Dimensions

Multiple entities in the same plane can be selected for dimensioning. The dimension line is placed after all the entities have been selected.

In this task : The Quick Dimension tool will be used to insert the Orthogonal dimensions. Prior to doing so, the dimension scale will be adjusted to suit a smaller drawing.

Associated tasks : Setting a new dimension scale.

Before you Start : For all dimensional tasks in this Training Guide, dimensions will be inserted onto a layer specifically created for that purpose.

Dimension Properties Dimension Scale

The Dimension Scale adjusts the overall scale of the dimension, including the dimension text and arrows.

In instances of small drawings, the dimension text and arrows remains the same, but the dimension scale is adjusted to a more appropriate size.

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Right click onto the dimension tool, then right click in the graphics editor and select Properties from the local menu. Now select the Format page, then adjust the dimension scale to .25, shown in the illustration, right. Next, check the option for Force Text horizontal in

the Text Position tile.

Now left click onto the Quick Dimension tool, shown at the start of this task and at the prompt > Click the entity, select all the top horizontal entities, shown by the arrows, right. When these lines have been selected, right click and select Finish to Specify from the local menu. Drag the cursor to a position above the selected lines and place the dimension lines in a similar position to that shown in the illustration, below.

Orthogonal Dimension

This dimension tool can be used to dimension a 'diameter' measurement between 2 points.

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In this task : Orthogonal dimensions will be used to indicate a diameter measurement.

Associated tasks : Using the F7 key to select the most recently drawn object. Using ASCII codes to create the diameter dimension symbol

Take Note : %%C is the ASCII code to create the diameter symbol.

Insert an orthogonal dimension between the Midpoints of the horizontal edges, shown by the dimension arrows, right, but do not place the dimension line. Right click and select Properties. From the General page, input %%c (percentage, percentage C) 4 into the Attribute field. Click OK when finished.

Insert the other diameter dimensions using this method. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Radius dimensions

This dimension feature creates a dimension on an arc or circle.

In this task : A radial dimension will be inserted onto the trimmed circle.

Before you Start : The settings of Radial dimensions can be formatted prior to starting the dimension task. For example, to align the dimension text with the dimension line, shown below right, the Force Text Horizontal option should be deactivated in the Format page of the dimension settings. Right click onto the dimension tool to format the required settings prior to inserting dimensions.

Select Radius dimension from the dimension toolbar, shown at the start of this task. Make sure the current layer is set to Dims. Left click onto the arc in a similar position to that illustrated by the red curved arrow, right, then drag the dimension line towards the left of the arc, shown right. Left click to define the final position of the radius dimensions.

The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Create View

A view is created of the drawing, or part of the drawing which is then inserted into the Paper Space area.

The scale of the drawing is controlled through the viewport in paper space.

In this task : A view will be created of drawing which will then be inserted into the paper space area.

Associated tasks : Using the Named View panel.

Before you Start : Zoom to the full extents of the drawing so that the model and the dimensions are clearly visible.

Use the Create View feature, shown at the start of this task to create a suitable view around the drawing in model space. Name the view accordingly. For this example, the name 'View_01' was used.

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Insert View

A Named View which was created in model space is inserted into paper space for layout and printing purposes.

The boundary edge of the viewport can be deactivated prior to printing.

In this task : The newly created view will be inserted into paper space.

Associated tasks : Page setup and orientation. Removing a viewport border. Inserting Text into the Paper Space layout.

Before you Start : At least one view of the model should have been created in the model space area. Views are inserted into the paper space layout.

Take Note : An example of page setup and orientation was discussed and demonstrated in Session 5.

Switch to the paper space area. Make sure the page size and orientation is set correctly. For this example, the page size has been set to A4 and a Landscape orientation has been used.

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Now select Insert view, shown at the start of this task, then insert the view by starting a point at a corner and dragging to an opposing corner so that the result is similar to the illustration, below.

Left click onto the viewport border, then right click and select Properties from the local menu. From the Viewport page, uncheck the Visible Box option. Text can now be inserted under the drawing. Use the same method as that described in Session 4 and input the wording 'Shear Pin' to an appropriate size. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

Object Modification The Shrink/Extend tool can be used to either extend a line to a boundary edge or to trim a line using an intersecting line as a boundary edge. The SEKE V is used to target the Vertex point of an entity. Object Trim is used to trim a segment between one or more intersecting edges. Radius dimensions insert a radial dimension onto an arc or circle.

Construction A layer called $Construction is automatically created an added to the current layer structure the first time construction entities are used. Construction lines are of infinite length and contain no snap mode functionality other than Nearest snap mode.

Dimensions Quick dimensions can be inserted onto multiple entities in the same plane. ASCII text is used to insert symbols. The code for inserting a diameter symbol is %%c

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Task Drawing

Design Brief

Design Brief Checklist : Use the measurements in the drawing, above left, to produce a single view of the model. Produce and dimension the projection view of the model. Use Linear and Radial dimensions to complete the design. Create one viewport in the paper space layout of the model.

Drawing Assistance : There is no ScreenCAM assistance for the practical tasks. Refer to the Practical drawing for this session for dimensional information.

Save the drawing : Save this drawing for future reference.

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Session Seven

Single Lines ...... 145 Parallel Lines...... 146 Circle Tangent to Entities...... 147 Object Trim ...... 148 Meet 2 Lines ...... 150 Chamfer...... 151 Circle with radius...... 154 Object Trim ...... 155 Orthogonal Dimensions ...... 156 Angular Dimensions ...... 158 Paper Space Layout ...... 160 Session 7 Summary ...... 162

Session Seven

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this Introducing : The following features will activity session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Make use of circles which are tangential to Circle Tangent to entities. other objects. Chamfer with distances of zero. Create angled edges. Angular Dimensions. Close off the end of 2 parallel lines. Add a new menu panel to the Tools Palette.

Information : Take Note : When tangential circles are drawn, at least 2 When using the Angular dimension tool, both other objects, such as lines or circles are angles of the vertex can be obtained. Position the required. dimension arc on the side of the required angular dimension. The radius field of a tangential circle can be locked if necessary.

Estimated Drawing Time : 30 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 45 Minutes

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Single Lines

This feature draws a single line with a start, middle and end point.

The start and end points of the line are referred to a vertices. A single point is referred to as a vertex.

Additional lines are started automatically after the completion of the current line.

In this task : An intersecting vertical and horizontal line will be drawn onto which a circle will be drawn.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using the Student_2D template, or any suitable template. Three layers must be available; Model, CL and Dims.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch Menu. Select the single Line tool from the Line panel draw two 90º intersecting lines in the graphics editor. Draw the vertical line first, making the length 100 and the angle 270. From the Circle / Ellipse panel, select Circle Center and Point and place the cursor over the intersection, shown right. Type I to target this intersection, then TAB to the Radius field and input 24. Press ENTER. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Parallel Lines

Creates a parallel line at a specified offset distance from an existing line.

The Offset data field can be locked when a specific offset distance is required.

In this task : 2 Parallel lines will be offset from the vertical line.

Before you Start : Make sure the extents of the lines are visible. If not, use the Zoom Extents tool.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch Menu. Select the Parallel tool from the Line panel, then TAB to the Offset field and input 10. Select the vertical center line, then offset to the right, reselect the vertical center line and offset to the left. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Take Note : In the illustration above right, the newly offset lines have been created in a bold pen for clarity.

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Circle Tangent to Entities

This feature draws a circle by defining a tangency point on pre existing lines, circles or arcs.

The radius of the circle can be supplied before or after the tangency positions have been defined.

The radius field can be locked prior to defining the tangency positions when the radius is known.

In this task : Two circles will be drawn tangentially between the newly offset lines and the circle.

Before you Start : Zoom in to the middle of the drawing so that the intersections of the lines and circle are clearly visible. Snap modes are not required for this task.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch Menu. From the Circle/Ellipse panel, select Circle Tangent to Entities, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Pick the first entity, select the vertical line in a similar position to that shown right. At the prompt > Pick the second entity, left click onto the circle in a similar position to that shown by the cursor, below.

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Now TAB to the radius field and input 15 and press ENTER. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Repeat this for the other side, selecting corresponding points on the vertical line and the main circle and inputting a radius of 15. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Object Trim

When using Object Trim, multiple cutting edges are defined by holding down the SHIFT key after the first in the series has been selected.

By pressing the ESCAPE key after completing the trim task, new cutting edges can be defined.

In this task : Multiple cutting edges will be selected to delete intersecting segments of lines and circles.

Before you Start : Remember to select the cutting edges prior to selecting the segments to trim.

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Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. Select Trim from the Modify panel, shown at the start of this above, or use Modify > Object Trim. At the prompt > Define the cutting edge, select the vertical line, shown by the pointer, right. Now hold down the SHIFT key and select the corresponding vertical line (on each side of the center line) and the main circle. The selected entities should be highlighted in a magenta color, shown below.

Release the SHIFT key and at the prompt > Add cutting edge or select object to trim, left click onto the portion of the circle shown by the pointer, right.

The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Select the corresponding portion of the circle on the opposite side. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Circle & 2 outside vertical

center lines highlighted

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Press ESCAPE, then redefine the cutting edges, shown highlighted, right. Release the SHIFT key, then trim the segments between these edges.

The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Meet 2 Lines

The Meet 2 Lines feature is useful for 'trimming' a line to a boundary edge.

In this task : A new horizontal offset will be created. The segments of line beyond the newly offset line will be removed using Meet 2 Lines.

Associated tasks : Using the Parallel tool.

Before you Start : Using the Parallel tool discussed and demonstrated in various sessions of this Training Guide, create an offset of 50 from the horizontal center line.

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Now select Meet 2 Lines from the modify toolbar, shown at the start of this task, and select the first point in a similar position

to that shown by the pointer, right. Select the next point using a 45° movement to target a position on the horizontal line, shown below.

The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Repeat this, using corresponding positions on the right side of the vertical center line. The result should resemble the illustration, below.

Chamfer

The Chamfer feature, with both distances set to zero, connects a line between 2 parallel vertices.

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In this task :

The Chamfer feature will be used to connect the end vertices of two parallel lines.

Associated tasks : Using the Parallel tool.

Before you Start : First create an offset of 4 below the top most horizontal line, similar to the illustration, below right.

Now select Chamfer, Distance, Distance, show top. TAB to the Distance fields and input 4 into both fields. Indicate a position similar to that shown in the left tile, below. Now indicate a position similar to that shown in the middle tile below. The result should be similar to the illustration in the right tile, below. Repeat this, selecting corresponding positions on the right side of the

vertical center line.

Select first position for chamfer Select second chamfer position Result

Create parallel offsets of 8 from the top most horizontal line. Now create an offset from the newly offset line of 6, shown right.

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Again select Chamfer, shown at the start of this task, then TAB to the length fields and input 0 for both fields. Select a position on the horizontal line as indicated by the cursor, below left. Select a position on the top most horizontal line, shown by the cursor in the middle tile, below. The result should be similar to the illustration in the right tile, below. Repeat, using corresponding positions to the right of the vertical center line.

Select first point of chamfer Select second chamfer position Result

The finished product, at this stage, should be similar to the illustration, below.

Take Note : The Line Length tool can be used to slightly lengthen the vertical center line if necessary.

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Circle Center and Point

The circle center and point feature is used to create a circle to a specified radius by defining the center point.

The radius can be defined by dragging the circle circumference to a specific point.

In this task : A circle will be inserted onto the intersection of 2 lines using a specified radius. A circle will also be inserted onto an intersection and the radius will be given by dragging the radius to a vertex.

Before you Start : Zoom into the top part of the drawing, similar to the view shown in the illustration, below right.

Select Circle center and point, shown at the start of this task, then position the cursor over the intersection shown in the illustration, right. Now type in the letter I to correctly target the intersection. TAB to the radius fields and input a value of 2 and press ENTER. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Position the cursor on the same intersection and type I. Drag the pointing device to the point shown by the cursor, right, then type V to correctly target the vertex. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Object Trim

The Trim tool allows an arc or circle to be trimmed to an intersecting boundary edge.

In this task : The circle will be trimmed using the horizontal line as the cutting edge.

Before you Start : Remember to select the cutting edges prior to selecting the circle.

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Select Trim from the modify toolbar, shown at the start of this task and at the prompt > Define the cutting edge, select the horizontal line, shown right. At the prompt > Add cutting edge or select object to trim, left click any position on the circle below the horizontal line. Press ESCAPE to discard the selection. The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Orthogonal Dimensions

This feature creates a linear dimension in either a vertical or horizontal plane by specifying the start and end point of the entity to be dimensioned.

Snap modes are usually required when targeting the points to be dimensioned.

In this task : Orthogonal dimensions will be inserted to show linear measurements. Radial dimensions will then be inserted to show radius and diameter dimensions.

Associated tasks : Using the Line Length too to adjust overall lengths. Changing the layer properties of a line. Using the SEKE's (single entry keyboard equivalents) V to target a vertex and M to target a midpoint.

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Before you Start : A layer for center lines should be available in this drawing. Remember to insert dimensions onto their designated layer.

Take Note : The Line Length tool can be used to adjust the overall length of the center lines before starting the dimensioning task.

First select both center lines and adjust their layer properties. Do this by selecting the layer CL from the layer drop down menu in the Property toolbar. Use Line Length to adjust the length of the center lines if necessary. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Now select Orthogonal dimension, shown at the start of this task. Make sure the currently activated layer has changed to Dims. Place the cursor over the end point of the line, shown below left, then type V to correctly target this vertex. Now drag the cursor to the position indicated by the cursor in the illustration in the middle tile, below and type in V to correctly target this vertex. Drag the dimension line to a suitable position. Left click to place the dimension in a position similar to that shown in the illustration, below right.

Dimension inserted between 2 First extension line position Second extension line position vertices.

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Continue using this method of target the vertex points to insert orthogonal dimensions onto the drawing. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. In the example right, the outline of the drawing has been illustrated in a thicker pen outline. This is for clarity only. Now insert Radius and Diameter dimensions so that the result is similar to the illustration, below.

Angular Dimensions

This dimension tool is used to create an angular measurement between 2 lines or arcs.

In this task : An angular dimension will be inserted to define the 45º angle created by the chamfer.

Before you Start : Dimensions should always be inserted on a layer specifically created for this purpose. Make sure a Dimension layer exists prior to starting this task.

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Use the Zoom in tool to increase the magnification of the area shown right. The keyboard plus (+) key can be used for this purpose, providing the cursor is placed in the center of the area to magnify. From the Dimension toolbar, select Angular dimension, shown at the start of this task. Now left click onto the horizontal line, similar to the

position shown in the illustration, right. Now left click onto the angled line above and to the right of this line, shown in the illustration, below. Drag the dimension arc to a suitable position, similar to that shown below and left click to fix this position.

Take Note : The dimension text has been increased in this example for clarity.

The result, at this stage, should resemble the illustration, below.

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Paper Space Layout A view is created of the drawing in model space.

The view is then inserted into paper space at the required scale.

The viewport border is usually removed prior to printing.

Labeling text is inserted into the paper space area.

In this task : A view will be made of the drawing in model space. This will be inserted into paper space, then the boundary will be removed. Text will be inserted in paper space to describe the contents of the view.

Associated tasks : Adding a menu panel to the Tools Palette.

Before you Start : Views should always be made in the model space area; viewports are inserted onto the paper space layout. Always make sure the page setup and orientation is correct prior to inserting viewports into the paper space layout.

Take Note : The Named View menu panel will be added to the Sketch menu of the Tools palette so that a view can be created in Model Space, then inserted into the Paper Space layout.

Open the Tools Palette and select Panels Setup from the 'toolbox' drop down menu, shown right.

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Make sure the Sketch menu is selected, shown right. From the left tile, select the Named View item, the left click the Add option, shown as ->

Now use the Create View tool to make a named view of the drawing in model space. Insert the named view into the paper space area. Make sure the paper size is A4 and the orientation is Landscape. Remove the viewport boundary using the method described and demonstrated in Session 5. Label the drawing, again using the method described in Session 5. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

Circle Geometry

When drawing circles tangentially, 2 other objects are required as the tangency objects. Circles generally draw in an anti-clockwise direction. It is good practise therefore, to select the tangency objects using an anti-clockwise movement. The radius field of tangential circles can be locked prior to defining the tangency points. When using the Circle, Tan to Entities feature, tangent snap modes are not required when defining the tangency points on other objects.

Angular Dimensions Examine the illustrations in the tiles below. In both cases, the angle vertex was defined by the red arrows. By dragging the dimension arc inside or outside this angle, however, both angles are given.

Angle 135 defined by position of cursor Angle 45 defined by position of cursor

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Task Drawing

Design Brief

Design Brief Checklist : Use the measurements in the drawing, above left to produce a single view of the model. Dimension the model, using Linear and Radial dimensions to complete the design. Create one viewport in the paper space layout of the model. Use Text to annotate the layout in paper space.

Drawing Assistance : There is no ScreenCAM assistance for the practical tasks. Refer to the Practical drawing for this session for dimensional information.

Save the drawing : Save this drawing for future reference.

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Session Eight

Single Lines ...... 165 Parallel Lines...... 166 Quadrant snap mode...... 167 Tangent Lines ...... 169 Object Trim ...... 170 Center Points...... 172 Open Window selection...... 174 Radial Copy...... 176 Dimensions...... 177 Create View ...... 178 Insert View ...... 180 Viewport Scale ...... 181 Viewport Boundary ...... 182 Session 8 Summary ...... 183

Session Eight

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this Introducing : The following features will activity session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Create the single line geometry to draw the Quadrant snap mode. first blade of the propeller. Using Points as center marks. Use the Quadrant snap mode to draw to the Radial Copy. polar point of a circle. Open Window Mode. Draw and modify lines tangentially to circles. Viewport scale. Modify the selection criteria. Show dimensional centers of arcs. Create and insert a view of the finished drawing.

Information : Take Note : When using the Tangent Line feature, When using any of the Copy features, the objects tangent snap modes are not required. are required to be pre-selected.

Estimated Drawing Time : 45 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 50 Minutes

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Single Lines

Single lines are frequently used to create a vertical and horizontal line from which additional lines in the drawing can be offset.

These first 2 lines in the drawing can be drawn on the main layer, then changed to a more appropriate layer towards the end of the design.

In this task : An intersecting vertical and horizontal line will be drawn onto which 2 concentric circles will be drawn on the intersection.

Associated tasks : Inserting Circles onto the new intersections.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using the Student_2D template, or any suitable template. Three layers must be available; Model, CL and Dims. The first line can be drawn to an approximate length and angle. The first vertical line in this drawing is drawn to a length of 180 and an angle of 270.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch Menu. Using the Line tool, shown at the start of this task, draw and intersecting vertical and horizontal line somewhere in the graphics editor. Onto the intersection of these 2 lines, insert 2 concentric circles

with radii of 4 and 12, shown right.

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Parallel Lines

When lines are offset using the Parallel feature, the newly offset line will be placed on the currently activated layer.

This is because the Parallel tool is a 'Draw' feature and all new entities are drawn onto the current layer.

In this task : Parallel offsets will be created from the horizontal center line. Circles will be drawn onto these new intersections.

Associated tasks : Using the Line Length tool to adjust the overall length of the lines if necessary.

Before you Start : Make sure the extents of the lines are visible. If not, use the Zoom Extents tool.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch Menu. Using the Parallel tool, create an offset below the horizontal center line at 50. Next, create an offset below the new line at 20. Onto the middle intersection, insert a circle with a radius of 30. Place the cursor over the intersection shown by the cursor, right and type I to accurately target this intersection. TAB to the radius field and input 30. If necessary, use the Line Length tool to adjust the overall length of the

center lines.

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Quadrant snap mode

This snap mode targets the polar point of an arc or circle.

The SEKE [single entry keyboard equivalent] for targeting a quadrant point is Q.

In this task : The quadrant snap mode will be used to target the polar point of a circle.

Associated tasks : Using the SEKE (single entry keyboard equivalent) Q to target the quadrant point of a circle.

Before you Start : The snap modes toolbar can be used in this task. Use View > Toolbars.

The Quadrant snap mode has a range of 45º from either side of the polar point. In the example below, the bottom quadrant of the circle is targeted. In the illustration below left, it can be observed how, when the cursor is outside the red triangle, the 0º polar point is selected. In the illustration, below right, it can be observed how, when the cursor is inside the red triangle, the 270º polar point is selected.

0º polar point selected when cursor is outside red 270º polar point selected when cursor is inside red triangle triangle

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Insert a circle onto the intersection, shown right. Now drag the radius to a position on the quadrant of the outer circle, shown by the cursor below. Take care to input Q to correctly target the quadrant.

The result of the drawing so far, should resemble the illustration, below.

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Line Tangent to 2 Arcs

This line feature automatically finds the tangency points of 2 non concentric circles.

Snap modes are not required when drawing a line from one tangent to another using this feature.

In this task : Lines tangent to both the inside and outside of the circles will be drawn.

Before you Start : Tangent snap modes are not required for this task.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch Menu. Select Line tangent to 2 arcs from the Line toolbar, shown above and at the prompt > Pick the first arc or circle, place the cursor in a similar position to that shown right and left click onto the circle. Drag the cursor towards the bottom circle tangent, similar to the illustration below. Left click again to define the end point of this line.

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Repeat this, by left clicking onto a position on the top circle shown by the illustration, right. Now drag to a position indicated by the illustration, below.

The result of the drawing, at this stage, should resemble the

illustration, right.

Object Trim

Successive segments of line, arc or circle can be removed by reselecting different cutting edges.

In this task : The tangential lines and small bottom circle will be used as cutting edges to trim the larger circle.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify Menu.

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Select Trim then left click onto the line shown by the cursor in the illustration, right. Now hold down the SHIFT key and select the additional edges, shown in bold in the illustration, below.

Angled lines & bottom circle selected Release the SHIFT key and select the segment of circle shown by the cursor in the illustrations in the tiles below.

Trim this segment ..then this segment. Press ESCAPE. Result

Next, select the edges shown in bold, below left. Notice how the ± symbol accompanies the cursor when selecting multiple cutting edges. Now trim the segment of circle indicated in the middle tile, below.

Release the SHIFT key then select Select these 2 edges Press ESCAPE. Result this circle segment

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Lastly, select the 2 circles, shown in bold in the left tile, below. Release the SHIFT key after selecting the second circle, then trim the lines, shown in the middle tile, below. The result should be similar to the illustration in the right tile, below.

Release the SHIFT key then Select the circles shown in bold Press ESCAPE. Result select this line segment

The result of the drawing, at this stage, should resemble the illustration in the right tile, above.

Point

This feature is useful for marking centers of arcs and circles prior to dimensioning.

In this task : The center lines of the drawing will be shortened and center marks used to identify the dimensional center of circles.

Associated tasks : Changing the layer properties of the center lines. Using Line Length to adjust the length of the center lines. Deleting unnecessary lines. Using the SEKE c to target the center point of the circle.

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Before you Start : The Points inserted to represent center marks should ideally be placed on either the CL or Dims layer.

Use the Line Length feature to shorten the center lines, then change their properties so that they resemble the illustration, right. Next, delete the remaining single horizontal lines so that the result is similar to the illustration, below.

From the drawing tools toolbar, select Cross, shown at the start of this task. Now right click somewhere in the graphics editor and select Properties from the local menu. From the General page, set the Layer to CL. From the Point page, set the size to 10, then press ENTER. Now position the cursor onto the edge of the circle, using a similar position to that shown right. Type C to target the center of this circle. At the prompt > Define the position of the marker, place the cursor over the edge of the circle shown below, then type C to correctly target the center of this circle.

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Use Format Painter to make sure the properties of the cross match the original center lines. The result of the drawing, at this stage should resemble the

illustration, right.

Open Window Selection

This refers to the method by which objects are selected using the selection rectangle.

A selection rectangle is the dotted rectangle placed around a group of objects by dragging the cursor from one corner to the opposing corner.

When the Open Window mode is activated, all objects intersected and/or contained within the selection rectangle will be selected.

When the Open Window mode is deactivated, only objects contained fully within the selection rectangle will be selected.

To control the Open Window mode, right click in the graphics editor and activate or deactivate the Open Window Mode from the local menu.

In this task : The Open Window mode will be used to demonstrate how objects are included or excluded from the selection rectangle.

Before you Start : Open or Closed Window mode should be set prior to using a selection rectangle to select multiple objects.

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The objects shown in bold, right, are to be selected together using a selection rectangle. Left click onto the Select tool, then right click somewhere in the graphics editor. Make sure the Open Window mode is deactivated, shown below.

Now select an area similar to that shown by the selection rectangle, right. Take note of the top edge of the selection rectangle. It intersects both circles but will not select them. The selected objects are those illustrated in bold, below.

Take Note : Objects are included into or excluded from the selection by using the SHIFT key.

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Radial Copy

This feature creates duplicates of the selected objects in a circular pattern.

The objects to be copied must be pre-selected.

In this task : The blade of the propeller and its center marks will be arrayed through 360º

Associated tasks : Using the Open Window mode selection method.

Before you Start : All duplication tools, such as Radial Copy, require the object to be pre-selected.

Make sure the objects shown right are selected using the Open Window selection method discussed and demonstrated in the previous task. Activate the Tools palette and use the Modify menu. Select Radial Copy from the Copy menu or use Edit > Copy Entities > Radial. At the prompt > Define the center of the arc, place the cursor at the edge of either of the concentric circles, shown below, then type C to accurately target the center.

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At the prompt > Define the angle step, TAB to the data fields and input 4 sets. Press TAB and input 90 into the Angle field. Press TAB and input 90 into the Rotation field. Press ENTER to process all the information in the data fields. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Dimensions

Orthogonal : Dimensions the linear distance between 2 vertices.

Radial : Dimensions a radius or diameter.

Dimensions should always be inserted onto a layer specifically created for this purposes.

In this task : Dimensions will be inserted onto the propeller drawing.

Before you Start : Remember to insert dimensions onto their designated layer. Orthogonal dimensions generally require single entry keyboard equivalents (seke's) to target the specific points of the lines.

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Using orthogonal dimensions, insert vertical dimensions onto the drawing, using the vertex points of the center lines and the center marks. The first dimension can be started at the vertex shown by the cursor, right. Remember : When the dimension tool has been activated, check that the current layer has changed to Dims. Next, use radius and diameter dimensions to produce the result shown in the illustration, bottom. Remember : Always use a radius dimension on an arc and a diameter dimension on a full circle.

Create View

Creating a view of a portion of the drawing in model space is the means by which this drawing can be assembled and scaled in the paper space layout.

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In this task : A view will be created of the propeller which will then be inserted into the paper space area.

Before you Start : Zoom to the full extents of the drawing so that the model and the dimensions are clearly visible.

Take Note : The QuickCam instructions for this task are limited.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. The Named View menu panel was added to the Sketch menu in a previous session. Select Create View , then drag a rectangle around the propeller, shown right. Input a suitable name into the 'Create Named View' dialog box, similar to the

illustration, below.

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Insert View

This is the means by which a view of a drawing which was made in model space is inserted into paper space.

A virtual scale can be given to the viewport.

In this task : The front view of the propeller will be inserted into the paper space area.

Before you Start : At least one view of the model should have been created in the model space area. Views are always inserted into the paper space layout.

Take Note : The QuickCam instructions for this task are limited.

At the lower left of the graphics area, left click onto the Paper 1 icon, shown above. Check that the paper size and orientation is correct. This was discussed and demonstrated in Session 6. Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Select Insert View and at the prompt > Define the first corner of the viewport, left click a position at the upper left of the drawing sheet, similar to that shown right.

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Viewport Scale

A virtual scale can be given to the objects within the viewport by using the Viewport scale option.

Creating a scale of the viewport does not affect the size of the objects in model space.

In this task : A scale of 1:1 will be given to the viewport in paper space.

Before you Start : The viewport scale is controlled through the viewport border. Therefore, at least one viewport must be available in the paper space layout.

Take Note : The QuickCam instructions for this task are limited.

Select the viewport border, then right click and select Properties from the local menu. Select the Viewport page, then check the box for Fixed Scale. Make the scale ratio 1:1 then click OK. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

The borders will now be adjusted to accommodate the display of the drawing.

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Viewport Boundary

The boundary of the viewports provides the means by which the image within can be moved, resized or rotated in paper space. This is done by using the selector shell handles.

The scale of the model within the viewport is not affected when the viewport boundary is modified.

In this task : The viewport borders will be manipulated so that the entire contents of the model within the viewport is visible.

Before you Start : The display of viewport borders is optional, but they are generally removed prior to printing.

Take Note : The QuickCam instructions for this task are limited. Adjusting the viewport borders does not alter the scale of the viewport contents.

Select the viewport border and use whichever handle is convenient to manipulate the boundary so that the entire content of the viewport is visible. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

An intersecting vertical and horizontal line can be used to offset most lines in the drawing. Non concentric circles can be connected by lines which are tangent. The polar points of a circle are targeted by using the quadrant objects snap. Objects are included into or excluded from the selector shell by using the SHIFT key. Objects are copied in a circular pattern by using Radial Copy. A more detailed description of the Open Window selection method is detailed below.

Open Window Mode activated...... All objects intersected or contained by the rectangle are selected

Open Window Mode deactivated...... Arc and Line selected as they are the only entities fully contained within the selection

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Task Drawing

Design Brief

Drawing Assistance : There is no ScreenCAM assistance for the practical tasks. Refer to the Practical drawing for this session for dimensional information.

Save the drawing : Save this drawing for future reference.

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Session Nine

Line & circle geometry ...... 186 Meet 2 Lines ...... 187 Tangent from Arc...... 189 Shrink/Extend Line...... 190 Layer Properties ...... 192 Mirror Copy ...... 193 Object Trim ...... 196 Split...... 197 Extended Ortho ...... 199 Lines & Parallels ...... 200 Modification ...... 201 Dimensions...... 203 Paper Space layout...... 205 Session 9 Summary ...... 206

Session Nine

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Prepare objects for mirroring across an axis. Mirror Draw lines tangentially from an arc. Line Tangent from Arc Split lines into segments Split Draw a line from a projected point. Extended Ortho snap mode

Information : Take Note : For more information on creating and inserting The Extended Ortho snap mode should be a view, please refer to Session 8. removed once the task for which it was applied is finished.

Estimated Drawing Time : 45 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 45 Minutes

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Line and Circle geometry

This is the method used to create the basic layout of objects in a drawing.

Intersecting horizontal and vertical lines are drawn which from reference lines. Parallel lines can then be offset from these reference lines.

The reference lines are moved to the center line layer at a convenient stage of the design.

In this task : Basic 2D geometry in the form of lines, parallel lines and circles will be created.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using an appropriate template. Three layers should be available; Model, CL and Dims. Draw the first vertical line to approximately 120.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Using the Line tool, draw an intersecting vertical and horizontal line in the graphics editor, then create an upwards offset from the horizontal center line at 38. Onto the top intersection, insert concentric circles with diameters of 12 and 24. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Now offset the vertical center line to the left by 24, then offset the extreme left line, shown in bold, below, to the left. Make the offset value 12. Create an offset of 16 either side of the horizontal center line, shown below.

The lines shown in bold, below are the lines which are to be offset.

Take Note : Do not add dimensions to the drawing at this stage. The dimensions shown in the previous are for illustrative clarity and reference purposes.

Meet 2 Lines

This feature is used to shorten or lengthen lines to a corner.

Lines which are shortened or lengthened during this process will retain their angle.

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In this task : Lines will be shortened or lengthen to create corners from the newly offset lines.

Before you Start : Zoom in to the left side of the drawing.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. Select Meet 2 Lines, then select the first entity in the

approximate position to that shown by the cursor, right. Select the corresponding vertical entity in the approximate position to that shown by the pointer in the illustration, below.

The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Repeat this sequence, using corresponding points, similar to the illustration below. Repeat this sequence, selecting corresponding points on the right.

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The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Tangent from Arc

This feature draws a single line by using the tangent of an arc or circle as the start point.

In this task : A line will be drawn tangentially from the circle to a vertex point.

Before you Start : A tangent snap mode is not required when drawing from the circle, but use the vertex snap mode to connect to the line.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. From the Line menu panel, select Tangent from Arc, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Select the first arc or circle, left click onto the circumference of the circle in a similar position to that shown right.

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Drag the line towards the vertex position shown by the cursor in the illustration, right. To accurately snap to this vertex, input V when the cursor is over the position shown right.

Shrink/Extend Line

This feature shortens or lengthens a line to a boundary edge.

The planar integrity of the line is maintained.

In this task : Parallel lines will be offset from the center line to represent drilled holes.

Associated tasks : Using the Parallel tool.

Before you Start : When using the Shrink/Extend line tool, take care to select the line from the side which is to be shortened. Select the line first, then the edge to which it should be shortened.

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Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Use the Parallel tool to create offsets of 6 either side of the horizontal center line, similar to the illustration, right. Next, select Shrink/Extend Line from the modify toolbar, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Click onto the line to extend, left click the line in the position indicated by the cursor in the illustration in the left tile, below. Make sure the modification handle is attached to the right vertex of the line. At the prompt > Click onto the line to extend to, left click the vertical line, shown in the middle tile, below.

The result should be similar to the illustration in the right tile, below.

Select the line to shorten... Select the edge... Result

Repeat this, selecting the line to the left of the edge. Now select the edge shown right as the boundary edge. The result should resemble the illustration below.

Repeat this sequence, shortening the horizontal lines to the vertical edges.

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The finished result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Layer Properties

Objects can be moved from one layer to another by using the Layer property toolbar.

In this task : The lines which represent the center lines will be moved to a layer which was specifically created for this purpose.

Before you Start : The pen dash scale for the broken lines should be about .25 when working in a metric environment. This value can be preset in a template and will be used whenever a center or hidden line is used.

Use the Select tool to select the main vertical center line, then hold down the SHIFT keyboard key and select the main horizontal center line and the center line which will represent the center of the drilled hole, shown right. Select the layer CL from the layer drop down in the Property toolbar, then press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Next, using a similar selection method, select the 2 short horizontal lines which represent the edges of the drilled hole, shown right. Now move to the Pen Color drop down of the Property toolbar and select any color other than the original color of the entities. For this example, Sky Blue was selected. Now move to the Pen Style drop down of the Property toolbar and select a Hidden line style, shown below.

Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be

similar to the illustration, right.

Mirror

This duplication feature creates a symmetrically opposite mirrored image of a selected group of entities.

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In this task : Entities to the left of the vertical center line will be mirrored to the right. Entities above the horizontal center line will be mirrored below.

Associated tasks : The Line Length tool.

Before you Start : Use Line Length to shorten the circle's horizontal center line if they are too long.

Using the Select tool, select one of the concentric circles. Now hold down the SHIFT keyboard key and select the other concentric circle, the circle's horizontal center line and the tangent line, shown in the left tile, below. Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. From the Copy menu panel, select Mirror, shown at the start of this task. This feature is also found in the pull down menu using Edit > Copy Entities > Mirror Copy. At the prompt > Define the first point of the mirroring line, position the cursor over the intersection, shown in the middle below. Type I to accurately target this intersection. Drag the cursor towards the right, along the horizontal line. Hold down the SHIFT key to constrain the orthogonal angle. Left click to define the position of the cursor shown in the right tile, below.

Select the lines shown above Type I to target this intersection Hold down the SHIFT key

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Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Next, right click in the graphics editor and make sure Open Window mode is deactivated. Open Window mode is discussed and demonstrated in more detail in Session 8. Now drag a select rectangle around the entities shown below.

Select Mirror from the Copy toolbar, shown at the start of this task and at the prompt > Define the first point of the mirroring line, type I to target the intersection of the main center lines, shown in the left tile below. Drag the cursor upwards or downwards, holding down the SHIFT key to maintain a 90º angle. Left click to define the position shown by the cursor in the middle tile, below. Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration in the right tile, below.

Select these objects Define the mirroring line Result

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Object Trim

This feature trims objects which are intersected by arcs or lines.

In this task : The circles will be trimmed using the circles as the cutting edges.

Before you Start : Increase the zoom magnification so that the angled lines are clearly visible.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. Select Trim, then at the prompt > Define the cutting edge, select any of the angled lines. Hold down the SHIFT key whilst selecting the others, shown right. At the prompt > Add cutting edge or select object to trim, release the SHIFT key and select the circle in a position similar to that shown below.

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Now select the corresponding circle below the main horizontal center line. Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Split Entity

This modification feature allows a single entity to be segmented at a specified position.

In this task : The main horizontal center lines will be segmented. The segmented portion in the middle of the lines will be deleted.

Associated tasks : The Line Length tool.

Before you Start : The temporary notches, shown below, which are displayed when the Split tool is used will disappear when the zoom magnification is changed.

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Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu, then select Split Entity, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Find a graphic to split, left click onto the vertical center line. At the prompt > Click next to the entity to split, drag the cursor into a position similar to that shown by the horizontal splitter bar and the cursor, right. Left click to define this position. A temporary notch, shown by the cursor, below will be inserted.

Repeat this by reselecting the vertical center line and defining a break point, similar to that shown in the illustration, right. Using the Select tool, left click onto the middle portion, shown below left. Press DELETE to remove this segment. The result should be similar to the illustration, below right.

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Repeat this for the horizontal line, selecting corresponding positions to create a segment in the line. Delete the middle segment so that the final result is similar to the illustration, right. Adjust the overall length of the center lines if necessary. Use Line

Length to do this.

Extended Ortho

This snap mode, shown above, is useful for drawing to or from a projected orthogonal point.

In this task : A point will be projected from the top view of the drawing to assist with drawing the front view.

Before you Start : Increase the zoom magnification in the top half of the drawing. Always deactivate the Extended Orthogonal snap mode when the task for which it was activated is completed.

Take Note : Observe the Snap Modes which are activated in the illustrated menu panel, above. This represents the correct Snap Mode activation for this task.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. From the Snap Modes menu panel, shown above, activate the Extended Orthogonal snap mode. Make sure the Show Magnetic Point, shown next the to Extended Ortho snap mode, is active. This will display projection guidelines, similar to the dotted line shown next page - top right, when a vertex is projected.

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Start the Line tool, then drag the cursor over the vertex point shown by the red arrow in the illustration, right. When the magnetic attraction line is visible, shown right, left click a position similar to that indicated by the cursor in the illustration, right. Hold down the SHIFT key until the corresponding magnetic attraction line is visible, shown below. Left click when the cursor is in the position shown in the illustration, below.

Take Note : Deactivate the Extended Ortho Snap mode before continuing with the next task.

Lines and Parallel Lines Multiple parallel offsets can be offset from single lines. It is recommended practice that parallel lines be offset from single lines rather than drawing new lines.

In this task : A single line will be drawn from which offsets will be created.

Before you Start : Make sure the extended ortho snap mode is deactivated for this task.

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Draw the vertical single line shown by the cursor, right to an non-specific length from the left vertex of the horizontal line. Remember to hold down the SHIFT key to constrain the angle orthogonally. Now use the Parallel tool to create the vertical offsets shown by the arrows in the illustrations, below left. Now create the horizontal parallel offsets at 12 and 48 from the baseline, shown by the arrows in the illustration, below right.

Take Note : To create the parallel offsets, use the measurements shown in the Session Preview.

Object Modification

This is the means by which a drawing objects are changed.

Typical modification tools are Line Length, Meet 2 Lines, Shrink/Extend Line and Trim.

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In this task : The drawing will be modified using several modification features.

Before you Start : Most of the work in this task is done in the top part of the drawing. Increase the zoom in this area.

Use the Meet 2 Lines feature in the corners shown by the arrows in the illustration below left to produce the result shown in the tile, below right.

Use Meet 2 Lines to create corners. Result

Next, use Shrink/Extend Line as follows : The line to shorten is indicated by the small colored arrow; the edge to which the line is being shortened is indicated by the large colored arrow of the same color.

Use Shrink/Extend Line to shorten the lines. Result

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Next, use Object Trim to delete the segment between the 2 vertical lines. Remember to hold down the SHIFT key to select the second vertical line. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Lastly, use the parallel feature to create the offsets for the holes. Modify the lines using Shrink/Extend Line and Line Length. Refer to the Session Preview for measurement information. Change the entity layers, pen colors and linestyle so that the result is similar to the illustration, below.

Dimensions

Dimensions are added to the model prior to insertion into paper space.

Dimensions that are created associatively retain their integrity when the associated object is rotated, resized or moved.

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In this task : Dimensions will be added to the model prior to insertion into paper space.

Before you Start : Start the dimensions in the lower part of the drawing. Always make sure dimensions are inserted onto their designated layer.

Use Line Length if necessary to lengthen or shorten center lines before dimensioning. Use the appropriate orthographic and radial dimension tools to insert dimensions onto the drawing. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Paper Space layout The layout of objects is done by inserting a view which was created in model space, into paper space.

In this task : A view will be created in model space which will be inserted into paper space.

Before you Start : Make sure at least one viewport of both views of the model has been created.

Whilst in the model space area, create one view of both views of the drawing, taking care not to create too much empty space Switch to the paper space view, then set the page orientation to Portrait, similar to the illustration, below. Insert the viewport, then set the scale to 1:1. Add text to label the view, then remove the viewport boundary.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

Duplicate groups of symmetrically opposite objects are created by mirroring the objects across an orthogonal axis. A line drawn tangentially from arc or circle does not require a tangent snap mode. A point can be projected orthographically using the Extended Orthogonal feature. A long center line can be divided into 2 or more segments using the Split feature. The middle segment can be deleted.

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Task Drawing

Design Brief

Design Brief Checklist : Use the measurements in the drawing, above left to produce both views of the model. Dimension the model, using Linear and Radial dimensions to complete the design. Create one viewport in the paper space layout of the model to an appropriate scale. Use Text to annotate the layout in paper space.

Drawing Assistance : There is no ScreenCAM assistance for the practical tasks. Refer to the Practical drawing for this session for dimensional information.

Save the drawing : Save this drawing for future reference.

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Session Ten

Layers ...... 209 Parallel Construction ...... 210 Array...... 212 Group...... 214 Edit Reference Point ...... 216 Move ...... 217 Multiline...... 218 Mirror...... 221 Rotated Ellipse...... 223 2D Intersect ...... 224 Extended Orthogonal ...... 224 Radial Fit Copy...... 227 Object Trim ...... 229 Create Block...... 230 Polyline ...... 232 Session 10 Summary...... 236

Session Ten

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will be session you will learn how to : introduced during this activity session : Create the doorway, steps, archway and Edit Reference Point windows for an architectural drawing using Multi-lines advanced drawing and modification tools. Groups and Blocks Layers specific to an architectural application will be created. Rotated Ellipse Groups and Blocks will be created of common Polyline, Polyline Arc objects. 2D Intersect

Information : Take Note : This drawing is continued in Sessions 11 and Remember to save each stage of the design if this 12. This drawing can either be done as a drawing is being done over the 3 stages of Sessions continual SuperSession, or can be done in 3 10, 11 and 12. stages throughout Sessions 10, 11 and 12.

Estimated Drawing Time : 45 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 50 Minutes

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Layers

Additional layers can be added to the design at any stage.

New layers can be created in the Design Director.

In this task : New layers will be created for this design.

Associated tasks : Using the Rectangle tool.

Before you Start : Make sure the Design Director has been activated. If not, use View > Design Director or press F3.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Design Director. Right click somewhere in the Design Director and select Create New. Input a layer for the Door, shown right. Select the color of your choice. For this example, the color Firebrick has been used. Create the additional layers shown in the illustration right. Assign appropriate colors to these layers.

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Take Note :

The layer 0 is a default layer. The layer $Construction is added whenever construction entities are used. The Model, CL and Dims layers were created in the Student_2D template.

Now activate the Rectangle tool, then left click next to the Door layer in the Design Director to activate Doors as the current layer, shown right. Close the Design Director, then left click somewhere in the graphics editor to start the first (lower left) corner of the rectangle. TAB to the data fields and input a value of 1200 into the Size A field. TAB to the Size B field and input a value of 2500 and press ENTER to process these values. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Parallel Construction

Parallel Construction lines can be used to offset drawing entities at a specified distance.

All construction geometry inserted into the graphics editor is automatically placed on a layer called $Construction. This layer is created automatically when construction geometry is used.

Construction entities can be removed from the graphics editor by using Edit > Clear Construction.

The scale of the model within the viewport is not affected when the viewport boundary is modified.

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In this task : Parallel construction lines will be offset from the bottom and left edge of the door.

Associated tasks : Using the Rectangle tool.

Before you Start : A new layer called $Construction will automatically be created when construction entities are used for the first time. Construction objects can be removed from the graphics editor using Edit > Clear.

Take Note :

A new layer called $Construction will automatically be created when construction entities are used for the first time.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. If necessary, add the Construction menu panel to the Sketch menu. This activity was discussed and demonstrated in Session 7. From the Construction toolbar, select Parallel Construction, shown at the start of this task. TAB to the Offset field and input 125. Lock the field by activating the padlock above the Offset value. Now select the bottom edge of the door, then left click a position above. Select the left edge and then left click a position to the right. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. A door panel will now be drawn using the construction lines as the lower left corner of the rectangle.

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Select the Rectangle tool, then place the cursor over the intersection created by the 2 parallel lines, shown below left. Type I to accurately target this intersection. TAB to the data fields and input 350 into the A field and 500 into the B field. The result should be similar to the illustration, below right.

Take Note : It is not necessary to insert dimensions at this stage. The dimensions which accompany the examples in this exercise are for reference purposes only.

Array

This duplication feature allows objects to be copied in a rectangular manner by specifying the distances between the objects on the horizontal and vertical axes.

The distance between the objects is referred to as the cell distance.

Objects which are duplicated along the horizontal axis are referred to as columns ; objects which are duplicated along the vertical axis are referred to as rows.

When using any of the object duplication methods such as Array, the object must be pre- selected.

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In this task : The first door panel, drawn in the lower left corner of the door, will be duplicated along the horizontal and vertical axis to produce 6 panels in total.

Before you Start : Duplication tools, such as Array, require the object to be pre-selected.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu.

Using the Select tool, left click onto the door panel, shown right. Now select the Array Copy feature from the Copy menu panel, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Define the linear step of the reference point, TAB to the data fields and input the following values, pressing ENTER after the last value has been input.

Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell from the original object. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Take Note : Objects can be duplicated along one axis only. In the next example, a rectangle will be copied along the vertical axis only.

Select the Rectangle tool, then activate the Steps layer. Now draw a rectangle somewhere in the graphics editor to measurements 1720 x 190, shown right. Do not dimension the rectangle at this

stage. Now left click onto the newly drawn rectangle, then select Array Copy. TAB to the data fields and input the following values, pressing enter after the last value has been input.

The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Group

This feature formats a selection of objects into a group. A group can be referred to as a compound entity.

Formatting objects into groups is usually to easily manipulate objects in the drawing.

Groups can be named by using Options > Auto Naming. See the Program Setup illustration, next page.

Groups are returned to their constituent parts by using Format > Explode.

Groups are stored in the current drawing only.

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In this task : The rectangles which form the steps will be formatted into a Group.

Associated tasks : Adding the Groups and Blocks menu panel to the Tools Palette. Using the Auto Naming facility for Groups and Blocks

Before you Start : Objects which are to be formatted into a Group must be pre-selected.

Activate the Tools Palette. If necessary, add the Groups and Blocks menu panel to either the Sketch or Modify menus in the Tools Palette. Using the select tool, drag a selection rectangle around the rectangles so all of them are selected, similar to the illustration, right. Next, check that the Auto Naming facility for Groups is activated by going to Options > Auto Naming. Check the field for Prompt for Name in the Groups tile, shown by the cursor, below. Uncheck the field for Generate group names. Click ok when this is done.

From the Format pull down menu, select Format > Create Group. The dialog box, shown right will be displayed. Input the name Steps into the Group Name field, shown right, then click OK. The steps now form one compound entity. Left click onto any part of the Steps; the

entire group will be selected.

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Edit Reference Point

The reference point of a selection can be moved to a more convenient position.

The newly located reference point is not required to be within the selection rectangle.

In this task : The steps will be selected and the reference point of this selection will be changed.

Before you Start : Increase the zoom magnification in the steps area.

Left click onto the steps. The reference point will be in the center of this selection, shown right. Next, right click and select Edit Reference Point from the local menu. The keyboard key D can also be used to activate this feature. Move the re locator to the middle of the top edge of the steps, shown below left. Type M to accurately target the midpoint of this line. The reference point should appear in the same position to that shown in the illustration, below right. This group of objects can now be assembled onto the front of the doorway using the new

reference point.

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Object Manipulation - Move

Objects can be repositioned in the graphics editor by using the reference point of the selector shell

Duplicates of the source object can be made by using either the Rubber Stamp or Make Copy options.

In this task : The steps will be moved from their newly positioned reference point to the bottom edge of the door.

Before you Start : Use the zoom in or zoom out tool shown above to create sufficient magnification in the graphics editor so that both the door and the steps are clearly visible.

Select the grouped steps, then left click onto the reference point on the top edge. Move the cursor towards the bottom edge of the door, shown right. When the bi-directional arrow is approximately in the middle of this edge, type M to accurately target the midpoint. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Multi-line Rectangle

This line feature draws a lines, polylines and rectangles with multiple offsets.

The start and end cap of the line can be shown and beveled corner joints can be inserted.

In this task : The Multi-line Rectangle will be used to create a glass panel on the steps base.

Before you Start : Make sure this object is drawn on the Steps layer.

Associated tasks : Using the Rectangle tool with specific measurements.

First create a base to the left of the steps by starting a rectangle at the lower left corner of the first step. Drag the opposing corner diagonally away from this point, shown right. TAB to the Size fields and input 1200 for both the Size A and Size B fields. Press ENTER after inputting the value into the B field. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Take Note : Do not dimension the base at this stage. The dimensions in the previous illustration are for reference purposes only.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. If necessary, add the Multi-line menu panel to the Sketch menu. Now select the Multi-line Rectangle, shown at the start of this task, activate the Glass Panel layer, then right click in the graphics editor and select Properties from the local menu. Right clicking onto a feature prior to beginning the task allows the properties of the feature to be formatted. From the Multi-line page, set the Offset scale to 1. Set the Justification to Center. From the Line Elements page, Add an offset of 80, shown below. Make sure all other offsets are deleted.

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From the Joints page, check the field for Show. This will create a beveled edge at the corners of the rectangle. Click OK when finished. Now activate the Glass Panel layer using the Layer drop down in the Properties toolbar. Starting at a position in the vicinity of the step base, draw the multi-line rectangle to measurements 500 x 2500, shown right. Select the glass panel, then type D to move the reference point to the middle point of the bottom edge. Remember to type M to correctly snap to the middle point. Now move the glass panel from its new reference point to the middle point of the top edge of the step base, shown below.

Use View > Zoom Extents to view the entire drawing. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Mirror

This duplication feature creates a symmetrically opposite mirrored image of a selected group of entities.

A mirroring axis which is equidistant between the mirrored objects is required.

In this task : The steps base and the glass panel will be mirrored to the right side of the door. The middle points of the top edge of the door and bottom edge of the steps will be used as the mirroring axis.

Associated tasks : Using the Open Window method to select specific objects.

Before you Start : All duplication functions, such as Mirror, require the object to be pre-selected.

To accurately select the steps base and the glass panel using a selection rectangle, first right click somewhere in the graphics editor and uncheck the option for Open Window Mode. By deactivating the Open Window Mode, only objects which are contained entirely within the selection rectangle will be selected. Any objects which are partially intersected by the selection rectangle will be excluded. Open Window mode selection is discussed and demonstrated in greater detail in Session 8.

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Now place a selection rectangle around the steps base and the glass panel, shown right. A selector shell will enclose the steps base and the glass panel only. If additional objects are selected, hold down the SHIFT key and left click onto these objects to remove them from the selection. Select Mirror from the Copy toolbar, shown at the start of this task, then at the prompt > Define the first point of the mirroring line, move the cursor to the top edge of the door, shown below left. Type M to correctly target the midpoint of this edge.

Now drag the cursor downwards, holding down the SHIFT key to constrain the orthogonal angle. When the cursor is in the approximate position to that shown above left, left click to define the second point of the mirroring line. Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell.

The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Rotated Ellipse

This feature draws an elliptical shape by defining the major and minor axis distances, and an angle of rotation.

In this task : An elliptical shape will be drawn using the middle and vertex points of the rectangle as the major and minor axes points.

Before you Start : This shape is drawn anywhere in the graphics editor. It will be assembled into position later.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Start the rectangle function, then activate the Door layer as the current layer. Somewhere in the graphics area, draw a rectangle to measurements 1200 x 500. Next, select Rotated Ellipse, shown at the start of this task from the Circle/Ellipse menu panel. At the prompt > Define the center point of the arc or circle, type M to target the midpoint of the bottom edge of the rectangle, shown right. At the prompt > Define the major radius point, drag the cursor to the vertex shown in the

illustration in the left tile, below.

Type V to define this vertex here as Type V to define this vertex here Result the major radius point as the minor radius point

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2D Intersect

This boolean feature creates a common area of two intersecting regions.

In this task : A region will be created from the rectangle and the ellipse using 2D Intersect. This shape will then be moved to an appropriate position above the door.

Before you Start : This shape is created anywhere in the graphics editor. It will be assembled onto the doorway in a forthcoming task.

Select the 2D Intersect feature from the Boolean toolbar, shown at the start of this task, then at the prompt > Select Intersected objects, left click onto the rectangle, then the ellipse. When both shapes have been selected, right click and select Finish Selecting from the local menu. The result should be

similar to the illustration, right.

Extended Orthogonal

This snap mode is useful for drawing to a projected orthogonal vertex.

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In this task : The region which was created from the rectangle and the ellipse will be moved to a point above the door which will be defined as the intersecting point of the construction line and a projected point from the top left edge of the door, shown below.

Associated tasks : Relocating a Reference Point. Using Parallel Construction lines. Assembling/Moving an object. Clearing Construction objects.

Before you Start : Remove all previous construction objects from the drawing using Edit > Clear > All Construction.

Use the zoom in tool to increase the magnification of the area above the door, shown right. Next, use Parallel construction to create an offset from the top edge of the door at 50. The new region will be assembled onto the construction line, using a projected point from the top of the door, shown right.

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Left click onto the newly created region, then type D to displace the reference point to the lower left corner vertex, shown right. Take care to type V to correctly target this

vertex. Now left click onto the newly positioned reference point, then activate the Extended Orthogonal snap mode, shown at the start of this task. Move the cursor to a point where the construction line intersects a projected line from the left of the door, shown below. Notice how the magnetic attraction line indicates where the object will be located.

When the region is aligned, similar to the illustration above and the magnetic attraction line is visible, shown in a dotted magenta colored line, above, left click to position the region onto this extended orthogonal point. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Take Note : Remember to remove the extended orthogonal snap mode when the task for which it was activated is finished. The construction line above the door can also be removed at this stage. Do this by using Edit > Clear > All Construction.

Radial Fit Copy

This tool is useful for creating duplicates along a path defined by a specific angle.

In this task : A line will be drawn an 150º, then arrayed between an angle of 150º and 30º

Associated tasks : Drawing a line to a specific length and angle.

Before you Start : Check that the extended orthogonal snap mode is not active for this task. The Door layer should still be the current layer.

Zoom into the area shown right, then start a single line from the midpoint of the bottom edge, shown right. Remember to type M to accurately target the middle point of the edge. Now TAB to the Angle field and input 150. Lock this data field by left clicking onto the padlock above the Angle Field. This line will be constrained to a 150º angle.

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If you need to refocus the cursor in the graphics editor, use CTRL D. Draw a line to a position just outside the elliptical edge of the region, shown right. This line will be trimmed at the completion of this task.

Press F7 to select the last drawn entity, then select Radial Fit Copy from the Copy toolbar, shown at the start of this task.

At the prompt > Define the center of the arc, position the cursor in the approximate position to that shown left, then type M to accurately target the midpoint of this line. At the prompt > Define the angle to fit the copies in, TAB to the data fields of the Inspector Bar and input the values shown below. Always remember to press ENTER when the last value in the series is input.

Take Note : Angles and degrees of rotation are discussed and demonstrated in greater detail later in this educational module.

Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result

should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Object Trim

This tool will use an arc as a cutting edge to which multiple lines can be trimmed.

In this task : The arc of the region will be used as a cutting edge to trim the lines.

Associated tasks : Using the Explode tool to return compound entities to their original components.

Before you Start : Compound entities which are to be exploded are required to be pre-selected prior to selecting Format > Explode. This should be done when using TurboCAD versions 10-12.

Take Note : When a region is created, the intersected objects are formatted into a compound entity. In order for composite objects of the region to be accessed individually, the region must be exploded. In so doing, the arc and lines of this example will be returned to their original state. This should be done when using TurboCAD versions 10-12.

Left click onto the region to pre-select it, then from the Format menu, select Explode. The arc and line can now be accessed independently. Select Trim from the modify toolbar, shown at the start of this task and at the prompt > Define the cutting edge, left click onto the arc. At the prompt > Add cutting edge or select object to trim, left click successively onto the lines which exceed the boundary of the arc.

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Press ESCAPE to discard the first selected line. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Create Block

Objects are stored as a block so that they can be used again in the identical format in which they were created.

A Block is similar in structure to a Group, but has more powerful features.

Blocks are created by selecting the objects in the graphics editor and dragging the selection to the Blocks palette. Format > Create Block can also be used to create a block.

A Block can be given a unique name by using the Options > Auto Naming > Prompt for Name option.

Blocks can contain data called Attributes which helps to build a database in the drawing.

Blocks can be reduced to their original component parts by using Format > Explode, but any Attributes attached to such Blocks will be lost.

Blocks can only be inserted into the drawing in which they were created.

Blocks are edited by selecting the block in the palette and selecting the Edit Contents feature. All instances of this block in the current drawing will be updated.

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In this task : A Block will be made of the window detail above the door. This is done so that this object can be used again at a later stage of the design.

Associated tasks : Using the Auto Naming facility for Groups and Blocks.

Before you Start : Add the Groups and Blocks menu panel to the Tools Palette if necessary. Activate Auto Naming prior to starting this task. See second point, below.

Use the select tool to group together the lines and arc which comprise the window feature, shown right. From the Options menu, select Auto Naming and check the field for Prompt for Block Name. This will ensure that a specific name can be given to the block. Click OK when finished.

Make sure the Blocks palette is displayed in the palette at the right edge of the screen. If not, use View > Blocks, or CTRL SHIFT B to insert the Blocks palette into the docked palette. Now drag the selected objects into the Blocks palette. The dialog box, shown right will be displayed. Input a suitable name for this object. For this example, the name Window Detail has been used.

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Click OK when finished. The window detail block will now be displayed in the Blocks palette, shown below.

Polyline

The Polyline feature creates a connected sequence of line segments.

An arc can be inserted into the Polyline sequence by right clicking within the sequence.

A segment of the polyline sequence can be erased and the polyline can either be closed at the point of origin or finished at its current position.

When the Polyline sequence has been finished either by using the Finish or Close option, a number of methods are available by which to modify the Polyline. This is referred to as the Edit Node feature.

This feature provides a variety of options by which each vertex and radius point within a polyline can be modified or manipulated.

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In this task : A polyline with an arc will be created to represent the archway over the door. A different pen width will be used. The nearest and extended orthogonal snap modes will be used to assist with the construction of the archway.

Associated tasks : Changing the pen thickness of an object. Using the Extended Orthogonal tool.

Before you Start : The Walls layer is the current layer.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Right click onto the Polyline tool to activate the following settings. Activate the Walls layer, but change the color to distinguish it from the brick work. For this example, the color Dark Orchid was used. From the Pen Width field, change the pen thickness to 1. Zoom into the area shown right and start the polyline from the position indicated by the cursor, right. To accurately snap to a point on this line, type N to target the nearest point. To position the next point, activate the extended orthogonal snap mode, then align the cursor with the projected point of the horizontal line, shown below.

Make sure the vertical line is completely straight and the magnetic attraction line, shown as a dashed line in the illustration above, is visible. Hold down the SHIFT key to keep the new vertical line at 90º When the projected point, shown above is found, left click to establish this point.

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Now right click and select Arc Segment from the local menu. The polyline will now be generated as an arc segment, similar to the illustration, right.

Using the same projected point on the opposite side, align the cursor with the point, shown left. This will define the end vertex of the line. Left click to establish this point. Now right click and select line segment from the local menu. Again, keeping the line straight by holding down the SHIFT key, draw to the corresponding point on the steps, shown below.

When the last point has been defined, right click and select Finish from the local menu.

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The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Take Note : Remember to remove the extended orthogonal snap mode when this task is finished.

You are now one third of the way through this consolidation exercise. If you wish to continue with this SuperSession, please proceed to the next session. Should you wish to pause at this point, please remember to save your drawing to an appropriate folder. You will be required to access this drawing to continue with the exercise.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

Advanced drawing features Lines or rectangles with multiple preset offsets can be drawn using the Multi-line feature. An elliptical shape is produced by defining the major and minor axis distances, and an angle of rotation. Lines can be drawn by projecting an orthogonal vertex using the Extended Orthogonal snap mode. 2D Boolean functions such as 2D Intersect can be performed on shapes with intersecting regions.

Advanced object handling & duplication

The Reference point of the selector shell can be moved to a more convenient position for object handling. Objects can be arrayed radially by specifying the rotation degree and angle of rotation. Objects can be bundled together for easier handling by creating a Group. A Block can be made of a group of objects. This can be reinserted into the drawing many times.

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Session Eleven

Center of Extents...... 238 Stretch ...... 239 Polygon...... 241 Edit Tool ...... 242 Offset...... 244 Scale...... 246 Object Trim ...... 247 Insert Block...... 249 Array...... 252 Mirror...... 253 Hatch ...... 255 Pick Point Hatch ...... 256 Path Hatch...... 258 Rubber Stamp ...... 260 Session 11 Summary...... 262

Session Eleven

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this Introducing : The following features will activity session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Create the doorway facade of the building Center of Extents snap mode using advanced drawing, modification and Polygon object handling methods. Stretch Use the Advanced Offset feature to create a contour. Offset Insert descriptive hatch patterns to Inserting a Block represent glass panes. Using the Pick Point Hatch method

Information : Take Note : This drawing is a continuation of the design Students who are not continuing this drawing as started in Session 10. This design is part of a SuperSession must take care to save continued throughout this session, to Session their design at the end of this session. 12.

Estimated Drawing Time : 45 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 50 Minutes

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Center of Extents snap mode

This snap mode is useful for finding the centrifugal point of an object.

The magnetic point, shown activated in the toolbar, top right is used to display the attraction point of the current snap mode.

In this task : A rectangle will be drawn then moved to the 'center' of the door using the center of extents snap mode.

Associated tasks : Using the Rectangle tool. Moving the position of an object.

Before you Start : Open the drawing from the previous session. The Walls layer is used for this task. The color must be set to By Layer.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Select Rectangle from the Line menu panel, then activate the layer for Walls. Make sure the layer color is set to BYLAYER and return the pen width to 0. Somewhere in the graphics editor, draw a rectangle which measures 3800 x 5500. Press F7 to select the last object drawn then left click onto the reference point. From the snap modes toolbar, activate the Center of Extents snap mode, shown at the start of this task. Move the rectangle to the middle of the door until the magnetic attraction point showing the center of extents is visible, shown right.

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Left click to define this position, making sure the magnetic point is exactly in the middle of the door, shown right. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Take Note : Always deactivate a specific snap mode when the task for which it was activated is finished.

In the next task, the bottom edge of the wall feature will now be stretched to the top of the steps base, then trimmed between the steps.

Stretch

The Stretch feature stretches or shrinks objects from a base point to a destination point.

A selection rectangle is placed around the portion of objects to be stretched.

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In this task : The wall feature will be stretched so that the bottom edge is aligned to the top edge of the steps base.

Associated tasks : Using the Trim tool.

Before you Start : Make sure the center of extents snap mode has been deactivated. No snap mode is required for this task.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. Select the Stretch tool, shown at the start of this task and at the prompt > Define the first corner of the selection window, indicate a point shown by the lower left cursor in the illustration, right. At the prompt > Define the second point of the selection window, drag the selection rectangle to the point shown by the upper right cursor in the illustration, right. At the prompt > Define the base point, place the cursor over the vertex at the lower left of the rectangle, shown in the left tile, below. Type V to accurately target this vertex. Now move the cursor to the position indicated by the cursor in the middle tile, below. Type I to correctly target this intersection.

The result should be similar to the illustration in the right tile, below.

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Using Object Trim, select the edges of the steps bases shown right, then trim out the portion of the wall between the two edges of the steps base. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Polygon

This feature creates a regular polygon of any number of sides about a center point.

Refer to the New and Improved features of TurboCAD at the end of this Training Guide for more information on Filleted Corner options for closed polygonal shapes.

In this task : A polygonal shape will be created using the Polygon and Edit Node tool.

Before you Start : Make sure the no snap modes are activated. The Walls layer is still the current layer.

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Somewhere in the graphics editor, draw a rectangle which

measures 4800 x 250, shown right.

Next, select Polygon from the Line menu panel. At the prompt > Define the center of the polygon, place the cursor in the middle of the top edge of the rectangle, shown below and type M to accurately target this midpoint.

TAB to the data fields and input the following information.

Remember to press ENTER when the last value has been input.

The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

The newly created polygon will now be modified using the Edit

Tool.

Edit Tool

The Edit Tool is used to modify nodes of vertices and radius points.

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In this task : The Edit Tool will be used to remove a vertex from the polygonal shape.

Left click onto the polygon, then right click and select the Edit Tool from the local menu. Next, place the cursor directly over the bottom node, then hold down the keyboard CTRL key. When the icon, shown right is displayed, left click to remove this node from the polygon. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Press ESCAPE once so that the node handles are discarded but the selector shell is still intact. Type D to displace the reference point to the middle point of the edge shown in the illustration, right. Take care to type in M when the cursor is in the position shown right. This will ensure the midpoint of this line is targeted. Now move the polygon base to the top edge of the rectangle. Take care to type M when targeting the top edge of the rectangle. The polygon base must be inserted onto the midpoint of the top edge of the rectangle. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

In the next task, the polygon edges will now be offset to create inner contours.

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Offset

This duplication feature offsets a line, arc or circle to the inside or outside of the selected object.

In this task : Inner contours will be offset from the edges of the polygon.

Associated tasks : Moving a group of objects. Displacing a Reference Point.

Before you Start : Make sure the no snap modes are activated. The Walls layer is still the current layer. Zoom into the newly drawn polygonal shape.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Modify menu. From the Copy menu panel, select Offset, shown at the start of this task. Now left click onto the polygon. TAB to the data fields and input 500 into the Offset field. TAB to the Sets field and input 1. Press ENTER. At the prompt > Define the side of offset, left click to the inside of the contour, shown right. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Left click onto the new polygon, then TAB again to the Inspector Bar, then input 100 into the Offset field and 1 into the Sets field. Press ENTER. At the prompt > Define the side of offset, left click to the inside of the contour, shown right. Right click and select Cancel when this task is finished. The final result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Place a selection rectangle around the rectangle and the polygonal shape, then type D to displace the reference point to the middle point of the bottom edge of the rectangle. Move the selected objects from the new reference point to the middle point at the top of the wall, shown below left.

Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell.

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Scale The Selector Shell handles can be used to scale an object along either the X or Y axis.

When the selector shell handles are used to stretch an object, the scaling is done about a center point.

In this task : A rectangle will be stretched along its X axis. The corners of this rectangle will be modified using the Edit Tool.

Associated tasks : Drawing 2 Rectangles to specific sizes Reshaping the corner of a rectangle using the Edit Tool.

Before you Start : Make sure the entire rectangle is clearly visible, shown below right. Adjust the zoom magnification if necessary.

Select Rectangle from the Line toolbar, then activate the Walls layer. Somewhere in the graphics editor, draw a rectangle which measures 13500 x 6350. Start another rectangle at the top left corner of the new rectangle, making these measurements 13500 x 800. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Select the top rectangle, then place the cursor at the right edge of the selection, shown below. The bi-directional arrow must be similar to that shown right. Next, TAB to the data fields and input 1.15 into the X scale field. Press ENTER when finished. The result should be similar to the illustration, below. Notice how the rectangle has scaled from a middle point.

Select the modified rectangle, then right click and select the Edit Tool from the local menu. Attach the cursor onto the lower left node and move it to the vertex, shown right. Remember to type V to correctly target the vertex. Repeat this for the opposite side so that the result is similar to the illustration, below.

Object Trim

A rectangle can be trimmed between cutting edges.

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In this task : The wall will be moved from a midpoint of its base to the midpoint of the bottom step. The walls will then be trimmed.

Associated tasks : Changing the Reference Point of a selected group of objects. Moving objects to a new location.

Select the 2 rectangles drawn in the previous task which form the wall. Now type D to displace the reference point. Move the reference point to the middle point of the bottom edge of the selection. Left click onto the newly positioned reference point and move this onto the midpoint of the

bottom step, shown right. Select Trim from the modify toolbar, shown at the start of this task, then select the edge shown below.

The result should be similar to the illustration right.

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At the prompt > Add cutting edges or select object to trim, left click onto the segments of the rectangle which fall between the selected edges, shown below.

Insert Block

This feature inserts a previously created block into the drawing.

A block can only be inserted into the drawing in which it was created.

Blocks are inserted into the drawing as a compound entity. In order for their individual components to be modified they must be exploded using Format > Explode.

Global changes to blocks can be done using the Edit Content feature in the Blocks palette. All instances of the block will be updated in the drawing.

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In this task : The bottom part of a window will be drawn. The window detail block which was created in the last session will be inserted into the drawing.

Associated tasks : Using Parallel Construction. Drawing a new window panel.

Before you Start : The Blocks palette is required for this task. Use View > Blocks. The block called 'Window Detail' which was created in an earlier task should be available from the Blocks palette.

Take Note : Construction entities are inserted for this task only and can be deleted either at the end of this task or the end of the next task.

Using Parallel Construction, offset a construction line at 760 from the bottom edge of the walls. Offset a construction line at 860 from the left edge of the

walls, shown right. Make sure a layer has been created for 'Windows'. If not, use the Design Director, to create a new layer called Windows. Make the color Firebrick, shown below.

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Select Rectangle from the Line toolbar, then activate the newly created Window layer. Now start the rectangle from the Intersection shown right. Type I to correctly target the intersection. TAB to the data fields and input a value of 1200 into the Size A field and 1680 into the Size B field. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Make sure the Blocks palette is activated. If not, use View > Blocks Palette. Open the Blocks palette and click onto the Window Detail block. Drag the block into the graphics editor, close to the newly created rectangle, similar to the

illustration, right. With the selector shell still attached to the drawing, type D to move the reference point to the vertex, shown below. Type V to accurately target the vertex point.

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Now move the block from the new reference point to the midpoint of the top edge of the window, shown below. Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Array

This duplication feature allows objects to be copied in a rectangular manner by specifying the distances between the objects on the horizontal and vertical axes.

In this task : The window will be arrayed by a specified cell distance. The newly arrayed windows will then be mirrored to the opposite side of the wall.

Associated tasks : Modifying the Window.

Before you Start : The Windows layer is still the current layer.

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Still with the Window layer active, draw a single line from the midpoint of the left vertical edge to the midpoint of the right vertical edge, shown right. Now use the selector shell to select the entire window, shown right. From the Copy toolbar, select Array, shown at the start of this task. TAB to the data fields of the Inspector Bar and input the following values. Press enter when the last value has been input.

Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell from the first object. Remove the Construction entities using Edit > Clear > All Construction. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Mirror

This duplication feature copies a selection of objects across a mirroring line, creating symmetrically opposite duplicates.

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In this task : All the windows on the left side of the building will be mirrored to the right side.

Use the selector shell to group select all the windows on the left of the building, shown right. From the Copy toolbar, select Mirror, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Define the first point of the mirroring line, select the vertex point, shown in the left tile, below. Type V to accurately target this vertex. At the prompt > Define the second point of the mirroring line, hold down the SHIFT key and drag the cursor downwards, keeping the mirroring axis at a 90º angle. Left click to define the second position, shown in the

right tile, below.

Type V to target this vertex as the first point of the Hold down the SHIFT key and drag the mirroring line mirroring line down the vertical axis

Press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell from the first group. The result should be

similar to the illustration, right.

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Hatch

This Hatch feature allows a region to be filled by defining a hatch pattern, scale and angle.

In this task : A hatch pattern representing concrete will be used to fill the steps base.

Associated tasks : Adding the Hatch menu panel to the Tools Palette.

Before you Start : Make sure the construction lines have been removed. Use Edit > Clear > All Construction to do this. Zoom into the area shown below right, near to the steps bases.

Activate the Tools Palette and use the Sketch menu. Right click onto the Hatch tool shown at the start of this task right. From the General page, set the layer to Steps. Select the Brush page, then select the pattern for CONC, shown below.

Now set the scale to 50, shown by the cursor, below.

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Click OK when finished. Return to the Hatch tool and left click to reactivate this feature. Select inside the left base, then hold down the SHIFT key to select inside the right steps base. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Pick Point Hatch

This Hatch feature allows a closed intersecting region to be filled by selecting a hatch pattern, scale and angle.

This hatch feature is useful for hatching an area where the hatch boundaries are defined by other intersecting regions.

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In this task : An area which is intersected by another boundary will be hatched.

Associated tasks : Using the Rectangle and Trim tools.

Before you Start : The Walls layer will be used for the hatch pattern, but the color will be changed. For this task, the Sea Green color was used. The scale of the hatch pattern is relative to the height of the rectangle and can be adjusted.

Start the rectangle feature, then activate the Walls layer. Change the color to Sea Green or similar for this exercise. Now draw a rectangle in the approximate position to that shown below.

Use the Trim feature to create the shape below. The cutting edges for the trim will be the main vertical edges which intersect the new rectangle. The result after the Trim task should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Now right click onto the Pick Point Hatch feature, shown at the start of this task right and apply the following settings. Set the Pattern vector to Battlement and the scale to approximately 950. Click OK when finished. Now left click again onto the Pick Point Hatch feature, then select inside the boundary defined by the edges of the rectangles, shown right. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Left click into the area defined by the edges of the rectangle on the right side of the doorway. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Path Hatch

This method allows an object to be hatched by using the 'By Entity' method.

The area to be hatched using this method must be closed.

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In this task : A closed polyline will be used to represent glasswork. This will be filled with a hatch pattern, then the boundary line will be removed.

Before you Start : The Polyline which is used to drawn the outline of the glass reflection is drawn on the Windows layer. Use a different color if preferred.

Go to any window, then use the polyline tool. Activate the Windows layer and use another color for this task. For this example, Sky Blue was used. Draw a polyline in a similar shape to that shown right. Make sure the polyline is closed. Now right click onto the Path Hatch feature, shown at the start of this task and select the vector pattern named ANSI134 from the Brush page. Set the hatch scale to 250 and the color to Sky Blue. Click OK when finished. Left click again on to the Path Hatch feature, then right click in the graphics editor and select By Entity from the local menu. At the prompt >Define the vertex of the hatch area/boundary, left click onto the polyline, shown right. Right click and select Close from the local menu. The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Now select the boundary defined by the polyline and use the Color drop down in the Properties toolbar to change the color to White.

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Take Note : Changing the polyline boundary to white makes the assumption that this is the background color of your graphics editor. If not, change the color of the polyline to the same color as the graphics editor background to obtain an 'invisible' outline.

Rubber Stamp

This duplication feature allows copies of the selected objects to be duplicated randomly in the graphics editor.

In this task : The hatch pattern, drawn to represent the glasswork, will be duplicated to the other windows in the building.

Before you Start : The Rubber Stamp function requires that the object be pre-selected.

Select the hatch pattern which represents the glasswork in the top left window of the building. From the status bar, select Rubber Stamp and place duplicates of this object randomly in the windows, shown right. Make sure the hatch pattern of the glasswork is copied to all the windows in the building.

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The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

The Edit Node tool is used to add or remove vertices from a line or polygonal shape. Objects are lengthen or shortened to specific measurements using the Stretch feature. The Rubber Stamp feature allows random duplicates of an object to be created. The Center of Extents snap mode snaps to the centrifugal position of an object. A hatch pattern can be inserted into a closed entity, such as a polyline or a polygon using Path Hatch. The relative scale of selected objects is changed using the X-Y data fields.

You are now two thirds of the way through this consolidation exercise. If you wish to continue with this SuperSession, please proceed to the next session. Should you wish to pause at this point, please remember to save your drawing to an appropriate folder. You will be required to access this drawing to continue with the exercise.

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Session Twelve

Region ...... 264 Pick Point Hatch ...... 266 Text...... 268 Insert Symbol...... 270 Edit Block Content ...... 271 Finish Edit Content ...... 273 Create View ...... 273 Insert View ...... 275 Viewport Layers...... 277 Floating Model Space ...... 278 Update Viewport Boundary ...... 279 Visible Viewport Boundary ...... 280 Text...... 282 Session 12 Summary...... 283

Session Twelve

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Create a region of 2 intersecting objects. Region. Create a Block and edit the block component. Inserting a Symbol from the library. Insert descriptive symbols into the drawing. Using the Edit Content feature to modify a block. Control viewport layers and boundaries. Floating model space.

Information : Take Note : This drawing is a continuation of the design This drawing concludes the SuperSession. started in Session 10. This design is Students should save this as one final drawing at completed in this session. the end of this session.

Estimated Drawing Time : 40 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 45 Minutes

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Region

This boolean feature creates islands from objects whose closed boundaries fall inside other closed boundaries.

This is done so that objects can be filled with hatch patterns for rendering purposes.

In this task : The panels of the door will be extracted from the region on the door. This will create 'islands' of the door panels. The door can then be filled with a solid brush pattern.

Associated tasks : Rotated Rectangle. Brush Hatch Pattern.

Before you Start : Zoom into the door area. Draw the door handle according to the instructions below before using the Region tool. Draw the door handle on the 'Door' layer.

First draw the door handle using Rotated Rectangle as follows. Select the Rotated Rectangle feature, shown above, then activate the Doors layer. Start the rectangle at the approximate position shown right and input the following values into the data fields of the Inspector Bar. Size A = 350 Angle = 30 Size B = 100

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The result should be similar to the illustration in the left tile, below. Next, use Fillet with a radius of 50 to create a blend on each corner. The result should be

similar to the illustration in the right tile, below.

Select the entire door, door panels and handle, shown right. From the Format menu, select Create Region. The door, panels and handle now form one composite region. This is best illustrated by applying a brush pattern to fill the region as follows : Select the door, then from the Brush Pattern drop down in the Property toolbar, select a solid pattern, shown below.

Now select the Dim Gray color, then press ESCAPE to discard the selector shell. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Hatch details

Various hatch patterns will be used to fill the areas of the building.

In this task : Various feature will be used to create a filled brush pattern of the doorway and wall features.

Associated tasks : Using Format > Send to Back to control the layering of hatch patterns.

Before you Start : Zoom into the doorway area, shown by the pointer, below right.

Right click onto the Pick Point hatch feature, discussed and demonstrated in Session 11. Set the Brush bitmap to a solid pattern and the color to Dim Gray. Click OK when finished. Left click onto the Pick Point Hatch feature, then click into the area shown by the cursor, right. The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Right click onto the Pick Point Hatch feature again and set the color to White. Keep the brush pattern set to Solid. Click OK when finished.

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Left click onto the Pick Point Hatch feature, then left click into the area shown right by the cursor. This area will be invisible for the moment. Right click onto the Pick Point Hatch feature and set the color to Green. Keep the brush pattern set to Solid. Click OK when finished. Left click onto the Pick Point hatch feature, then left click inside the border of the green lines, shown right. The green area may fill the area temporarily, shown below left. If this

is so, do the following. Select the newly hatched area, shown in the middle tile, below. The use Format > Send to Back.

The green area is in front of the Select the green area Use Format > Send to Back white area

Use the same hatch pattern and color (Dim Gray) to fill the area behind the green and white areas. If the gray area fills the entire region, select it, then use Format > Send to Back. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Use the Pick Point Hatch feature to create a pattern for the glasswork in the panels either side of the door as follows. From the General page, set the layer to Glass Panel. From the Pen page, set the color to Slate Blue. From the Brush page, set the Pattern Vector to Angle and the scale to 550. Click OK when finished. Return to the Pick Point Hatch feature and left click to activate the preset hatch feature.

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Left click into both areas inside the glass panels. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Text

Most text labeling should be done in the paper space area. However, descriptive text can be input into the model space area at a corresponding scale to the drawing.

Text should always be inserted onto a layer most suitable for annotation.

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In this task : Single line descriptive text will be inserted at an angle of 30º onto the wall feature of the building.

Before you Start : A specific layer for text is not required for this task. The decorative text will be input onto the Walls layer. Zoom into the area shown by the pointer, below right.

Associated tasks : Refer to the main educational program to view the ScreenCAM for this task which includes adding a menu panel to the Sketch Menu.

Select the Text input feature, shown at the start of this task, then activate the Walls layer. Change the color to anything other than the current color. For this example, the color Red was used. Right click in the graphics editor and select Properties from the local menu. Select the Text page and apply the following settings. Select any appropriate font. For this exercise, the font Monotype Corsiva was used. Set the height to 600 and the justification to center. TAB to the angle field and input 30 and press ENTER. At the prompt > Define the start position for the text,

place the cursor in the position indicated above right. Type in the first text string : Junction then press SHIFT ENTER to add another line of text. Now input 17 and press ENTER. Use the select tool to adjust the position or angle of the text if necessary. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

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Insert Symbol

A symbol is an external graphic which can be inserted into the drawing by means of the symbol palette.

In this task : Landscaping features will be added to the drawing.

Before you Start : Most CAD programs supply a selection of images to enhance the finished design. In this case, TurboCAD supplies a landscaping folder in its symbol library which can be added to the symbols palette. For consistency however, and for students of this Training Guide who do not have access to the standard symbol library, some landscaping features have been added to the student_2D template and are available in the blocks palette. Now reduce the zoom significantly; there must be plenty of space around the model.

Associated tasks :

Activate the Blocks Palette. Use View > Blocks Palette to do this.

Open the Blocks palette and left click onto any of the landscape features, shown right. Drag this block into the graphics editor and use the selector shell to copy, scale and rotate these objects until the result is similar to the following illustration. Insert the 'People' symbol into the design to show height perspective. Use the selector shell handles to create the appropriate scale for this symbol.

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Use your own ideas when placing the landscaping features. The final result should resemble

the illustration, below.

Edit Block Content

The Edit Content feature, shown above, allows in-place editing of a block.

Modifications done to a block using the Edit Content method will update all instance of that block in the current drawing.

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In this task : The window detail which was saved as a block will be modified. All instances of this block will subsequently updated in the drawing.

Associated tasks : Modifying the window using the Draw and Modify tools.

Before you Start : Make sure the Blocks palette is available in the Graphics editor. The block of the window which was created in Session 10 should be in the Blocks palette.

Open the Blocks palette and left click onto the block which was created for the Window detail, shown right. Now activate the EC [Edit Content] feature in the title bar of the blocks palette. The graphics editor will now contain the single entity geometry of the block. Make sure all the window objects are on the Window layer. This block was created from a 'door' object and should now be placed onto the Window layer. Select the Circle (center and point) tool and activate the Window layer. Using the vertex point created by the intersecting lines, insert a circle with a radius of 150, shown below right.

Use the newly inserted circle as the cutting edge to Trim the lines within the circle, then select the bottom horizontal edges as the cutting edge to trim the lower half of the circle.

The result should be similar to the illustration, left.

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Select the Finish Edit Content feature shown 3 in the title bar of the blocks palette. Use the Zoom Extents tool to view the changes. As can be seen from the illustration, below, all instances of the window detail blocks have been updated to reflect the modifications done to the block.

The result of the drawing at this stage, should resemble the illustration, below.

Create View

Multiple views of the design can be assembled in paper space.

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In this task : Typical views of the drawing will be taken which will then be assembled into the paper space layout. One view can be used many times by controlling the visibility of layers within individual viewports.

Before you Start : Prior to creating the first view, select the door archway, shown in Dark Orchid and make sure this is on the Door layer. Do not change the color. Zoom to the full extents of the drawing.

Zoom to the full extents of the drawing, then using Create View, shown at the start of this task, drag a selection rectangle around the entire drawing, taking care not to exclude any objects. Name this view Building_Front View. Now create a view of the area shown by the selection rectangle, right. Call this view Doorway. Create an additional view for the window, and enclose one of the windows in a selection rectangle. Call this view 'Window'

There should be three named views at this stage, similar to the illustration, right.

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Take Note : The view called 'View_0' shown in the dialog box above is a default view and cannot be deleted.

Insert View

This feature inserts a view which was created in model space, into the paper space layout area.

Multiple views of the same viewport can be inserted and their layer properties controlled independently.

In this task : The views which were created in model space will be inserted into paper space. Different views of the drawing will be presented by controlling the layers within each viewport.

Before you Start : At least 2 views of the drawing should be available.

Switch to the Paper Space area, shown above and make sure the Page Setup information is correct. Do this by using the setup features in File > Page setup. For this exercise, the Printer Paper and Drawing Sheet should both be set to landscape. Make sure the Paper Space Printing Scale is set to 1:1 (Full Scale)

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Now select Insert View, shown at the start of this task and drag a selection rectangle in the area shown right. Select the Building_Front View from the dialog box. Click Go To, then OK.

The result should be similar to the

illustration, left.

Now insert the Doorway view in the area shown below, then use the Rubber Stamp tool to copy an exact duplicate of this viewport directly below, shown right. Next, insert the Window viewport into the approximate position to that shown right.

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Viewport Layers The visibility of layers within viewports can be controlled.

By switching off certain layers in the viewport, the drawing in model space remains unchanged.

In this task : The layers Walls, Windows and Landscaping will be switched off in the top right viewport. The viewport scale will then be adjusted.

Left click onto the border of the top right viewport, then right click and select Properties from the local menu. Select the viewport page, then uncheck the following layers in the layer name tile : 0 ; Walls ; Windows ; Landscaping. Next, set the viewport fixed scale to 1:50, then click OK when finished. The result should be similar to the illustration, right. The green and gray border, shown right, illustrate the top

right edge of the page. Manipulate the selector shell handles of the selected viewport so that the entire doorway is visible within the viewport boundary. You may need to adjust the position of the lower right viewport slightly. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Floating model Space

This feature is activated in the paper space area. It allows a the contents of a selected viewport to be accessed in the model space area.

In this task : Layers will be switched off in the lower right viewport so that only the glass panels and the steps base objects are visible. Floating model space will then be used to increase the zoom magnification of this viewport.

Before you Start : Make sure the lower right viewport showing the doorway has been inserted into the paper space layout. Zoom in to the lower right viewport.

Left click onto the lower right viewport then right click and select Properties from the local menu. From the viewports page, switch off the following layers: 0; Walls ; Windows ; Door ; Steps ; Landscaping. With the viewport still selected, go to the Workspace pull- down menu and select Model Space (Floating) A thick border will now surround the selected viewport. Place the cursor in the middle of either of the glass panels, then use the Plus (+) keyboard key to increase the zoom magnification of this object. The result should resemble the illustration, below.

When finished, go to the Workspace menu and uncheck the Model Space (Floating) option.

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Update Viewport Boundary

A 2D closed entity can be used as a new viewport boundary when the existing boundary of a viewport is either the wrong shape or occupies too much drawing space.

In this task : A new viewport boundary will be created to replace the viewport of the glass panel.

Before you Start : Make sure the view of the glass panel within the lower right viewport has been increased so that it resembles the illustration, below right.

Use the Rectangle tool to create a rectangular shape around the viewport which contains the glass panel, similar to the illustration, right. Now go to Workspace > Update Viewport Boundary and at the prompt > Click on the viewport, left click onto the boundary of the old viewport. At the prompt > Click on the boundary object, left click onto the boundary of the new viewport. The rectangle has now replaced the old viewport border which was occupying too much space in the layout. Reposition this viewport in the paper space layout and move the Window viewport alongside it. Now insert another Doorway viewport and using the methods described in Floating Model space, switch off all layers excluding the Steps. Increase the zoom magnification by using the Model Space Floating feature.

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The result of all assembled viewports should be similar to the illustration below.

Visible Viewport Boundary The borders of viewports should be removed prior to printing.

When viewport borders have been switched off, an 'invisible' viewport border will remain. This is so that viewports can be selected after their borders have been switched off, usually for manipulation purposes.

In this task : All viewport borders will be switched off in preparation for printing.

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Start with the main Building_Front View viewport. Select the border, then right click and select Properties from the local menu. From the viewport page, uncheck the option for Visible Box. Now repeat this for the other viewport borders until the result is similar to the illustration, below.

Take Note : Take note of the space at the bottom edge of the layout. This is used to place a drawing title block.

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Text

Single line text can be used to label viewports in the paper space layout.

To add another line of text, use SHIFT ENTER at the end of each line.

Text which is inserted into the paper space layout must be to the actual, printed scale.

In this task : Text will be inserted into the paper space area to label the viewports. Text should always be inserted onto a layer specifically created for annotation.

Before you Start : At least 2 viewports should be in the paper space layout.

Activate the Text tool from the drawing tools toolbar, shown at the start of this task, then right click and select Properties from the local menu. Set an appropriate text font and size. For this example, the text font Verdana was selected using a height of 7. Center justification was used. Indicate a position under the viewport and type in the appropriate label, example : Front of Building. Press SHIFT ENTER to add another line of text, then type Scale 1:100 and press ENTER to finish the text string. Repeat this for the other viewports until the result is similar to the illustration, right.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

A region can be created of objects which contain 'islands' of other objects. This is usually done for hatching or rendering purposes. Symbols are inserted from an external source. Remember, Blocks are inserted back into the drawing in which they were created and are stored within the drawing. Symbols are stored outside the drawing in an external library. The drawing in model space can be accessed through the viewport in paper space using the Floating Model Space option. New viewport boundaries can be created from simple 2D shapes such as circles and polygons when the existing rectangular boundaries are inconvenient. The new viewport boundary is created using Update Viewport Boundary. Viewport boundaries are usually removed prior to printing. Text which is inserted into the paper space area is created at the paper space printing scale, usually FULL SCALE.

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Session Thirteen

Coordinates...... 286 Absolute to Relative Coordinates ...... 287 Polar Coordinates...... 288 Relocate the Origin...... 287 The Wall Tool ...... 285 Wall Join ...... 291 Wall Split...... 289 Convert to Wall ...... 291 3D Height...... 294 Inserting Symbols ...... 293 Session 13 Summary...... 296

Session Thirteen

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will be session you will learn how to : introduced during this activity session : Use the Wall tool to create interior and Relocate the Origin exterior walls. Wall tool Modify the walls and insert windows and Wall Split doors Convert to Wall Insert symbols from the blocks and symbols palette.

Information : Take Note : Polar and Rectangular coordinates will be When using coordinates to draw the walls, used frequently throughout this session. For remember that when the Reference is set to more information, please refer to TurboCAD Center, the measurement will be to the center of Basics, Spatial Information in this document. the walls. Always use the wall width to compensate for this.

Estimated Drawing Time : 30 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 45 Minutes

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The Wall Tool Found in TurboCAD Deluxe and Professional only

This feature, referred to as a ‘smart object’ draws the interior and exterior walls of a floor plan by creating a double line drawn from either a left, center or right reference point.

Some features which characterize the Wall tool are listed below.

Additionally, the Wall tool can...

Draw walls, or double lines to a specified width and height.

Automatically break intersecting lines of interior walls.

Allow Blocks to be used to create breaks in the walls. (Blocks are discussed later in this session)

Allows Blocks to be self-aligning when inserted into the wall.

Close and repair a break after a Block has been deleted from its insertion point.

In this task : The exterior walls of a beach apartment will be drawn using Rectangular and Polar coordinates.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using the Student_2D template. Use the Design Director to create new layers for Walls, Doors and Furniture. Use the colors which you feel most appropriate. Set the Menu in the Tools Palette to Sketch, then use the Panels Setup to access the Architecture menu panel.

Take Note : The Design Director is accessed using View > Design Director, or by using the F3 keyboard function key.

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From the Architecture menu panel select the Wall tool, then right click in the graphics editor and set the Wall width to 220 and the Reference to Center. Start at the corner shown by the left arrow, below, and draw in a clockwise direction using polar coordinates to do so. The first coordinate measurement is Length 8000 Angle 90. Then draw to the next coordinate point, making the Length 11000 and the Angle 0. Continue until the penultimate point is reached, shown by the curved arrow, below right. When this point is reached, right click and select Close from the Local Menu.

Take Note : The green dashed line which is visible inside the walls, right, is the Direction line. It has been used in this context to illustrate how the wall lengths are measured to this line, not the exterior edges.

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Relocate the origin

By relocating the origin in the graphics editor, all subsequent measurements are calculated from this point when using Relative coordinates.

A Fixed Relative Origin point can be given when the new origin is required to remain static. This is done in Options > Preferences.

In this task : A new origin point will be given, using the left bottom corner edge of the walls as the reference point. Interior walls will then be drawn referencing this point.

Before you Start : The Relative Coordinate Systems is used for most of this task. Make sure this is correctly activated in Modes > Coord System > Relative.

Use Modes > Coord System > Relocate Origin and place the origin onto the bottom left corner vertex of the walls, shown right. Now use Modes > Coord System > Relative to switch the coordinate system to relative coordinates. A red dot should appear at the lower left of the walls, similar to the illustration, right. This is now the X=0, Y=0 position and the next coordinate can be calculated from this point. Start the Wall tool again, this time making the wall width = 110.

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At the prompt > Click to place the start point of the wall, use SHIFT TAB to access the coordinate fields then input 2000 into the X field. TAB to the Y field and input 0. Press enter.

Use Polar coordinates to draw the lines using the dimensions shown in the illustration, below. When the last coordinate has been input, right click and select Finish from the local menu.

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Relocate the origin point to the position shown by the dot in the upper right corner of the illustration right. Start the new wall at 3000 to the left of this and draw the interior wall to the measurements

shown in the illustration, right.

Wall Split Found in TurboCAD Professional only

This feature is useful for creating a break in a wall, either to divide a wall at a particular point, or to create a physical break.

In this task : The walls will be split at points determined by the relocated origin point.

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Before you Start : Relocate the origin to the corner vertex shown by the red dot, right.

Now activate the Wall Split tool, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Select the Wall to split, left click onto the left vertical wall. At the prompt > Specify a split position use SHIFT TAB to access the coordinate data fields and input 0 into the X field and -2000 into the Y fields. Press ENTER. The first split position, shown right will be created. Repeat this task, this time creating another split position which is X0 ; Y-6000 from the origin point. Now delete the segment between the 2 split points. The result should be similar to the illustration, below. Repeat this, again relocating the origin and splitting the walls at the position shown circled below.

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Take Note : The Wall Join architectural feature will restore the break in a wall which was created using the Wall Split tool.

Convert to wall Found in TurboCAD Professional only

A 2D polyline can be converted into a wall using this feature.

This is useful when curved walls are required.

In this task : A curved wall which will represent the patio wall, will be drawn using the 2D Polyline feature. This will then be converted to a wall.

Before you Start : Zoom into the bottom left corner of the floor plan layout.

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Start a Polyline at the position shown by the arrow, right and draw to the coordinates indicated in the illustration, right. Next, right click onto the Wall tool and make sure the Wall width is set to 220. Now select the Convert to Wall tool, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Select 2D Polyline, left click onto the newly drawn polyline, then right click and select Finish. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Take Note : If the new wall is out of alignment with the existing wall, select the new wall, then change the reference to Center.

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Insert Symbols

Symbols are stored outside the current drawing and are inserted into the drawing from an external source.

Blocks are symbols or groups which have been stored in the current drawing.

In this task : Furniture and landscaping features will be inserted into the beach flat.

Use the Symbols or Blocks palette to insert objects which represent furnishings, fittings and landscaping detail. Use your own layout and design if possible. After the symbols and landscaping features are inserted, make sure appropriate layering is used. In this example, extra layers were created for this purpose. The result should be similar to the illustration below. The text in this illustration below, is inserted into the paper space area and is shown below for reference only.

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3D Height

A height or depth can be given to 2D objects by providing a 3D thickness.

In this task : A 3D thickness will be given to the walls. The walls will then be viewed from an Isometric viewpoint.

Before you Start : Switch off all the layers except the walls layer. Use the Design Director to do this.

Select all the walls, then right click and select Properties from the local menu. From the 3D page, set the 3D thickness to 2300. From the Standard views toolbar, switch the view to any Isometric view. The result should be similar to the illustration, right.

Use the Hidden Line view from the Render toolbar to view the surfaces of the 3D

object, similar to the illustration, below.

To finish this design, create different views of the model and insert them into paper space. Use viewport layer control to give the maximum impact to your design. Create new viewport boundaries if necessary. Label the viewports to annotate your design. Present your final design in a similar manner to the illustration on the next page.

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Take Note : The different wall textures shown in the illustration below was done by selecting the wall, then using the Wall Side feature to apply different textures to the Left and Right side of the wall.

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Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

The Wall tool draws a double line by defining the 'wall thickness'. Coordinates can be used to define the length of the walls. Object features such as Start and End caps, the Reference line etc can be formatted prior to starting the wall object. The Origin can be relocated to redefine the 0,0 position; objects can then be drawn in relation to this point. Walls can be modified using the Wall Split and Wall Join features. A 2D Polyline can be converted to a wall. A height can be given to the walls by inputting a value into the thickness field. An object which has been given a height can be viewed in 3D by using an Isometric or Standard view.

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Session Fourteen

3D Setup ...... 298 Workplane ...... 298 Isometric View ...... 299 3D Thickness ...... 300 Fillet Edges ...... 302 Workplane by Facet ...... 303 Construction circle ...... 304 Revolve...... 305 2D Add...... 307 3D Subtract ...... 308 Surface from Profile ...... 310 Material Properties...... 311 Summary 14 Summary ...... 313

Session Fourteen

Task Drawing

Task Worksheet

Activity Overview : During this activity Introducing : The following features will session you will learn how to : be introduced during this activity session : Draw a padlock with shackle as 2 components Most of the features introduced into this session Create a keyway and subtract this from the are new. solid Pay careful attention to the QuickCAM activity. Create a presentation surface

Information : Take Note : This drawing can be presented in paper space Detailed explanations for the tasks in this using multiple views if preferred. This session are not given as all 3D topics are example uses the model space presentation discussed and demonstrated in extensive detail only. in the TurboCAD 3D Training Guide.

Estimated Drawing Time : 20 Minutes Estimated Session Duration : 40 Minutes

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3D Setup

This Session will introduce you to several 3D drawing tools and concepts found in TurboCAD Deluxe and Professional.

The drawing environment for 3-dimensional design is slightly different to that created for normal 2D drawing.

For example, additional toolbars will be required and specific settings should be applied as follows

In this task : Additional toolbars will be used to assist with 3D design.

Before you Start : Start a new drawing using the Student template. The following menu panels will be used : 3D Model, 3D Scene, Solid/Surface.

From the Options > Display dialog box, check the field for Show Form Building Edges. From the Explorer Bar on the left of this dialog box, select ACIS, then uncheck the field for Degenerative Faceting. From Options > Preferences, check both fields to display the User and World Coordinate System icons.

Workplane

2D objects, such as circles, rectangles and polygonal shapes can be used as sketch geometry to create a 3D model.

The thickness properties of a 2D rectangle can be supplied to provide a height or depth.

The Workplane is the surface upon which objects are drawn in 3 dimensional space.

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In this task : A 2D rectangle will be drawn which will then be modified to produce a 3D solid shape. The workplane will be activated to assist with the design.

Before you Start : The Workplane toolbar is required for this task.

Somewhere in the graphics editor, draw a rectangle which is 20 x 50, shown right. From the Workplane toolbar, activate Show/Hide Workplane, then activate Fit Workplane to Window from the same Workplane toolbar. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Isometric View

Standard orthographic and isometric views are used to view the 3D model from different viewpoints.

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In this task : An Isometric South East view of the model will be displayed.

Before you Start : The Standard Views toolbar is required for this task.

From the Standard views toolbar, select Isometric South East, then reduce the zoom magnification slightly. Use the Fit Workplane to Window option from the Workplane toolbar so that the result is similar to the illustration, right. The alignment and orientation of the User Coordinate system when the view is in Isometric South East is shown below.

3D Thickness

This is the property given to a 2D profile to produce a height (above workplane) or depth (below workplane extrusion.)

The resulting extrusion retains its original 2D profile.

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In this task : A height of 30 will be given to the 2D rectangle.

Before you Start : The view is set to Isometric South East. The Workplane is displayed.

Take Note : The Fillet Edges tool, used in the next task, is found in TurboCAD Professional only. For users of TurboCAD Deluxe, please use Modify > Fillet to create a blended edge to a radius of 10 on each corner of the rectangle. Users of TurboCAD Deluxe will skip the task named 'Fillet Edges'

Select the rectangle, then right click and select Properties from the local menu. From the 3D page, input a thickness of 30, then press OK. The thickness properties can also be adjusted using the Selection Info Palette. Use View > Selection Info to do this.

The result should be similar to the illustration, right. Observe the illustration, below. The User Coordinate system icon, shown by the arrow, has aligned to the 3D object.

Thus, the length is defined by the Y Axis, the Width is defined by the X axis and the height is defined by the Z axis.

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Fillet Edges Found in TurboCAD Professional only

The Fillet Edges tool feature is used to create a transitional surface by defining a radius or chamfer.

Material is either added to, or subtracted from the volume of the solid.

In this task : The vertical edges will be blended to a radius of 10.

Before you Start : The 3D Modify toolbar required for this task.

Take Note : The Fillet Edges tool is found in TurboCAD Professional only. For users of TurboCAD Deluxe, please skip this task.

From the 3D Modify toolbar, shown above, select Fillet Edges, then right click and select the Round Vertex option. Now TAB to the radius field and input 10, then select the solid. At the prompt > Select an edge to blend, select the vertical edges shown by the red dots in the illustration, right. When finished, right click and select Finish from the local menu. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

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Workplane by Facet

This workplane feature applies a workplane to a selected facet (flat surface) of a 3D object.

The Page Up and Page Down keys can be used to cycle between the available facets of the solid.

In this task : A workplane will be applied to the top face of the solid.

Before you Start : The view is set to Isometric South East. The Workplane is displayed.

From the Workplane toolbar, select Workplane by Facet, shown at the start of this task. At the prompt > Define the origin of the User Coordinate System, place the cursor on the top face of the solid, shown right.

Take Note : By switching the view to a RIGHT or LEFT view, the Workplane position is clearly illustrated, similar to the illustration above.

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Using the Standard views toolbar, switch the view to World Plan (Top view), shown above. Onto this surface, a 2D circle will be inserted which will be used as the profile for the shackle.

3 Point Construction circle

This construction entity draws a circle by defining 3 points on the circumference of the circle.

In this task : A construction entity will be drawn on the top face of the solid. The center of the construction circle will be used to insert a 2D circle profile.

Before you Start : Turn the view to World Plan view so the top edge of the model is displayed.

Select Construction circle 3 Point from the Construction toolbar, shown at the start of this task. Use the VERTEX points of the edges shown by the arrows, right. Type V to correctly target these vertices. Now use the CENTER of the construction circle to insert a 2D circle with a radius of 3.

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The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

Revolve

This feature produces a solid by revolving a profile about an angle of revolution.

In this task : The circle profile will be revolved through 180º

Before you Start : The view is set to Isometric South East. The Workplane is displayed. The User Coordinate System icon should be visible.

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Switch the view to Isometric South East and observe the User Coordinate system icon. The position of the axis indicates whether the angle of rotation will be positive (anti-clockwise) or negative (clockwise) From the 3D Object toolbar, shown at the start of this task, select Revolve then right click and select Properties from the local menu. From the Revolution Shape page, set the angle of rotation degrees to -180, then click OK. At the prompt > Select a 2D entity to revolve, select the circle. At the prompt > Define the first point of the revolution axis, select the MIDPOINT of the edge, shown by the cursor, below left. Type M to correctly target the midpoint. Now hold down the SHIFT key whilst dragging the cursor in the direction shown by the cursor, below middle, then left click to define this position.

The result should be similar to the illustration in the right tile, below.

Select the midpoint of the edge Drag the axis towards the cursor Result

Take Note : Use the opposite rotation angle, usually achieved by using a positive rotation angle, if the result is not the same as above.

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2D Add

This boolean function creates a composite region of 2 intersecting or adjoining profiles.

In this task : The workplane will be placed on the front of the solid, then a circle and rectangle will be drawn onto this surface. These 2 profiles will be added to create on region.

Before you Start : The Boolean Facet toolbar is required for this task.

Use Workplane by Facet to place the workplane onto the front face of the solid, shown right. Attempt, if possible to create a similar alignment of the axis to that shown right. This would be the conventional representation of the X-Y and Z axes. Now draw a circle and a rectangle profile, similar to that shown in the illustration, below. Accuracy is not required for this task.

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Use 2D Add, shown at the start of this task, to combine the 2 profiles. Right click and select Finish when both objects have been selected. The result should be similar to the illustration, below.

3D Subtract

This boolean function subtracts a secondary solid from an intersecting primary solid (subtrahend)

In this task : The 3D depth will be given to the keyway, then this region will be subtracted from the primary solid.

Before you Start : Turn the view to Isometric South East.

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Select the keyway, then right click and from the 3D properties page, set the thickness to -10.

Take Note : The depth or height depends of the alignment of the User Coordinate system. From the illustration, right, it can be observed how the Z axis direction dictates that the direction of this extrusion will be negative. The result of this task can be observed by switching to different views, similar to those shown

below.

Creates a negative thickness

Iso South East view Front / Side view Top / Plan view

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From the Boolean toolbar, select 3D Subtract, shown at the start of this task. First select the padlock body, then select they keyway. Use the Quality Render feature to show the solid in a rendered mode, similar to the illustration, right.

Material properties will be added next.

Surface from Profile Found in TurboCAD Professional only

A 3 dimensional surface can be created from a closed 2D profile.

By creating a surface from a 2D profile, the resulting surface is treated as a 3D object. 3D Boolean functions can be performed on profiles which have been converted into surfaces

In this task : A circle will be drawn, then converted to a surface. Material properties can then be added to this surface as well as the padlock.

Before you Start : Return the display of the model to Wireframe. 2D objects are not displayed when in rendered view.

Take Note : The Surface from Profile tool is found in TurboCAD Professional only. Users of TurboCAD Deluxe can create a small 3D object such as an extruded circle, ellipse or rectangle and add 3D material properties, shown next, to this object.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 310 Session Fourteen Session Fourteen

Place the Workplane onto the base of the solid by using Workplane by Facet. The alignment of the UCS axes is not important for this task. Next, insert a 2D circle, similar to that shown below. It may be helpful to draw the circle in World Plan view.

Select the newly drawn circle, then from the Format menu, select Create Surface > From 2D Profile. This new surface is for decorative purposes only.

Material Properties

This feature applies textures, reflectance properties and pattern types to a solid.

Material properties are only visible when the model is rendered.

In this task : Material properties will be given to the padlock and the base surface.

Before you Start : View is set to Isometric South East. Model is displayed in Wireframe.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 311 Session Fourteen Session Fourteen

Select the padlock body, then right click and select properties from the local menu. From the 3D page, select the Materials Category and set this to Metals. Now select the Material property and set this to Stainless Steel. Select the Edit Material option, then set the pattern to Chrome. Click OK when finished. Select the handle, then set the Metals property to Bronze. Click OK when finished. Now select the decorative surface. Set these properties to whatever most suits your design. For this example the Stones category was used with a material type of Ophite Polished. The pattern type was set to Granite, with a Mirror reflectance.

Use the Quality Render feature to view the finished result. In the illustration, below, the edges of the keyway were blended with a radius of .5 to finish the design.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 312 Session Fourteen Session Fourteen

Session Summary The following topics were discussed and demonstrated during this session. Please make sure you fully understand these topics before proceeding to the next session.

2D objects, such as circles, rectangles and polygonal shapes can be used as sketch geometry to create a 3D model. The thickness properties of a 2D rectangle can be supplied to provide a height or depth. The Workplane is the surface upon which objects are drawn in 3 dimensional space. Isometric views are used to view 3D models.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 313 Session Fourteen

New & Improved Features in

TurboCAD v16

Filleted Corners...... 314 X-Ref Manager...... 315 Loading and Externally Referenced Object ...... 316 Inserting the X-Ref as a Block ...... 318 Modifying & Reloading and Externally Referenced Object...... 318 Detaching an External Reference ...... 319 Format Painter ...... 320 Using the Format Painter to create a new Style ...... 320 Applying Pre-Set Properties...... 321 Bezier Curves...... 323 Curvature at Point...... 325

New & Improved Features in TurboCAD v16

What's New and Improved in TurboCAD 16

The following are a few New and Improved features which have been incorporated into TurboCAD v16 and which are relevant to students of this TurboCAD 2D Training Guide.

For New and Improved 3D features, please refer to the TurboCAD 3D Training Guide.

New Features in TurboCAD v16

Filleted Corners

Draws a closed polygonal shape such as a Rectangle, Polygon or Irregular Polygon with the vertices blended to a specified radius.

Select a closed polygonal tool such as a Rectangle, Polygon or Irregular Polygon. Select the Fillet Corner option, shown by the pointer above. Apply a radius in the Radius F field, shown above, then left click in the graphics editor to start the polygonal shape. Drag the cursor to the opposing corner or input the appropriate length/width or sides/angle

measurements.

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X-Ref Manager Available in TurboCAD Deluxe & Professional only

Any drawing object which is inserted into the current drawing space from an external source is referred to as an External Reference.

The externally referenced drawing is treated as a Block within the current drawing space and the X-Ref Manager controls and displays externally referenced objects in the Blocks Palette.

When inserting an externally referenced drawing into the current drawing space, all objects such as layers, linestyles and dimensions etc within the source drawing will be incorporated into the current drawing space.

The externally referenced objected can be removed from the Blocks Palette at any stage using the Detach option. This will remove both the external object from the blocks palette and any corresponding insertion in the graphics editor.

Changes made to the source drawing are updated in the destination (current) drawing using the Reload option.

This example is suitable for either 2D or 3D users of TurboCAD. In this example, a current drawing called Assembly is used. Two other drawings containing 2 separate parts called Wheel and Pin will be used as externally referenced drawings. Open the Assembly drawing and make sure the Blocks Palette is displayed in the Graphics Editor. Use View > Blocks or CTRL SHIFT B to do this.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 315 New & Improved Features New & Improved Features in TurboCAD v16

The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Loading an Externally Referenced Object Activate Options > Auto Naming > Block > Prompt for Name to create specific names for the externally referenced objects. From the Format menu, select Create External Reference and source the Wheel drawing. This drawing is found in the Drawings folder of your TurboCAD 2D Training Guide folder. Select Open. Input the name 'Wheel' as the External Reference Name, shown right. Click OK.

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The Wheel object will be inserted into the Blocks Palette, shown below. Click onto the External Reference icon, shown by the pointer below.

The Wheel object will be referenced in the External Reference Palette, shown right. Repeat this exercise, this time externally referencing the drawing called Pin so that the results are similar to the illustration below.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 317 New & Improved Features New & Improved Features in TurboCAD v16

Inserting the X-Ref as a Block The Pin or Wheel items are now Blocks and can be inserted into the current drawing space, similar to the illustrations below. Please note, positional accuracy is not required for this task. Although the inserted items are now treated as Blocks within the graphics editor, they cannot be Exploded. Modifications to externally referenced items must be done by modifying the source object using the instructions below.

Modifying and Reloading an Externally Referenced Object An externally referenced drawing can be modified by right clicking the item name in the External Reference Palette, and selecting the Open item, shown right. The Wheel drawing can be opened and modified. In this example, the color of the of the wheel will be changed and it will be resized to half its current size. Do this by selecting the wheel and changing the color in the Properties toolbar. TAB to the ScaleX, ScaleY and ScaleZ fields and input .5 in each. Save the drawing to its original (Wheel) name. Use the Window menu to return to the Assembly drawing, right click onto the Wheel item in the External Reference Panel, right click and select the Reload option.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 318 New & Improved Features New & Improved Features in TurboCAD v16

The result should be similar to the illustration below.

Detaching an External Reference An inserted External Reference item can be deleted from the graphics editor and will remain as an available Block in the Blocks Palette. Externally referenced objects are removed from both the graphics editor and the Blocks palette using the Detach option. This action cannot be undone and the X-Ref items should again be formatted if they are to be used in the current drawing.

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Format Painter

This tool is used to harvest the properties of one object (source) and apply all or selected properties to another (destination.

The Properties of the selected object automatically appear in the Format Painter palette and the Selection Info Palette.

The improved features of the Format Painter tool allow properties of an object to be harvested from an object and saved as a specific style.

The Format Painter tool is discussed and demonstrated in Session 2.

Using the Format Painter tool to create a new Style The Format Painter tool, previously used to apply the properties of the selected (source) object onto a destination object can now be used to harvest the properties of a selected object, such as linestyle, hatch pattern, text etc, and save this as a specific Style. This style will be stored in the Style Manager and can be automatically applied to subsequent objects. In this example, the style of the brush fill pattern illustrated right, will be harvested by the Format Painter tool and stored as a unique pattern. This pattern will then be preset for subsequent use. Select the Format Painter tool and left click into a pre-drawn fill pattern similar to that shown above right. The brush fill pattern can be any size, style or color for this example. When the pattern is selected, right click and select Make Property Values Preset from the local menu. From the Select Property (Entity) Type menu, browse to the Generic Properties option. Input a suitable name in the Enter Unique Preset Name field. In this example, the name Mesh was used, shown right. Click OK.

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide 320 New & Improved Features New & Improved Features in TurboCAD v16

Applying Preset Properties harvested by the Format Painter Tool From the Tools Palette, open the Line tool in the Sketch Menu and right click onto the Rectangle tool. In the General page, select the newly created Mesh property. Click OK.

Left click onto the Rectangle tool and draw a similar rectangle alongside the original. As can be observed below, the property values of the Mesh have been preserved and can be applied to the new drawing object.

Styles can be removed by right clicking onto the feature for which they were created, eg: Line, Hatch or Text tools and selecting Delete, shown above.

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The Format Painter tool can be used to harvest most properties from an object and save it as a specific Style. In the example right, a specific text font, size and color was harvested and preset as a standard called 'Label Text', shown below left. This specific text property can now be preset when required by right clicking onto the Text tool and selecting the unique preset name, shown below right.

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Improved Features in TurboCAD v16

Bezier Curves

A Bezier curve is a freehand curve which consists of multiple segments and control points.

The curvature of the blend is bisected by control points and the Edit tool is used to access these points by applying nodes and handles.

Multiple nodes can be selected and equal or non-equal curvatures can be applied to the control points.

A Bezier curve can be converted to a Spline using the Selection Info Palette or the Properties Sheet.

The improved features of the Selector Mode now allow greater control over the control points.

Bezier curve Bezier curve selected Control Points selected using Edit Tool

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Multiple control points can be controlled using a rectangular selection method, shown below left. The illustration below middle shows the control points selected when the Selector Mode is deactivated. The illustration below right shows the Selector Mode activated, similar to the Selector Shell feature when 2D objects are selected.

This option is activated by selecting the Bezier curve with the Edit Tool then using right click > Selector Mode. When the Selector Mode is activated, shown above right, the handles of the Selector Shell allow normal functionality such as Move, Copy, Rotate and Edit Reference Point, shown right.

In addition to using the improved Selector Mode to allow greater control over the nodes of the curve, features such as Equal Curvature at Point, Non Equal Curvature at Point etc, shown above are available. Observe how these improved features affect the curvature of the control points in the following illustrations.

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Curvature at Point

Equal Curvature at Point Unequal Curvature at Point This node manipulated activated activated

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Index

2D Add...... 307 2D Intersect ...... 224 3D Height ...... 294 3D Setup ...... 298 3D Subtract ...... 308 3D Thickness...... 300 About SIMuLATE...... 10 About this Training Guide ...... 1 Absolute Coordinates ...... 285 Adding & Removing objects...... 30 Angle ...... 34 Angular Dimensions...... 158 Annotation...... 27 Area...... 35 Array...... 212, 252 Assigning color to a layer...... 40 Audio Assist...... 11

Bezier Curves, New & Improved in TurboCAD v16...... 323 Bezier Curves, Curvature at Point ...... 325 Block, Create...... 230 Block, Edit Content ...... 271 Block, Finish Edit Content ...... 273 Block, Insert ...... 249 Brush Pattern...... 59 Brush Pattern Fill ...... 43

Center of Extents...... 238 Center Points...... 172 Chamfer...... 106, 151 Changing an Object's Layer ...... 38 Circle ...... 105, 132, 154 Circle Tangent to Entities ...... 147 Circle with Radius ...... 154

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide x Index

Construction Circle...... 304 Construction Objects...... 27 Convert to Wall ...... 291 Coordinates...... 33, 286 Create Block...... 230 Create View ...... 111, 139, 178, 273 Creating & displaying a grid ...... 51

Design Director...... 37 Dimensions...... 28, 177, 203 Distance...... 34 Drawing Aids...... 22 Drawing Constraints...... 29 Drawing Tools ...... 26

Edit Block Content ...... 271 Edit Reference Point ...... 216 Edit Tool ...... 73, 242 Entity dimensions...... 108 Extended Orthogonal ...... 199, 224

Fillet...... 74 Fillet Edges ...... 302 Filleted Corners...... 314 Finish Edit Content ...... 273 Floating Model Space ...... 278 Format Painter...... 61 Format Painter, New and Improved in V16...... 320 Format Painter, Creating a new Style...... 320 Format Painter, Applying Pre-Set Properties ...... 321

Graphics Editor ...... 15 Grid ...... 23, 50 Grid Snap ...... 52 Grid, Halve ...... 55 Group...... 214

Halve Grid ...... 55 Hatch ...... 28, 255 Hatch, Path...... 258 Hatch, Pick Point ...... 256, 266

Insert Block ...... 249 Insert Symbol...... 270 Insert View...... 112, 140, 180, 275 Inspector Bar ...... 20, 66 Intersection snap mode...... 87 Irregular Polygon ...... 57 Isometric View ...... 299

Layer Properties ...... 92, 107, 192 Layer, New, creating...... 39 Layers ...... 22, 209

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide xi Index

Line & circle geometry ...... 65, 186 Line Length ...... 91 Lines & Parallels ...... 200

Material Properties...... 311 Measurement Information...... 33 Meet 2 Lines ...... 103, 125, 150, 187 Menu panels ...... 16 Menu panels, Adding, Removing ...... 16 Mirror Copy ...... 193, 221, 253 Model & Paper Space ...... 110 Modification ...... 201 Move ...... 217 Multiline...... 218

New Layer, creating...... 39 New & Improved Features in TurboCAD v16...... 314

Object Duplication ...... 31 Object Handling ...... 29, 69 Object Information...... 19 Object Manipulation ...... 30 Object Modification ...... 31 Object Selection...... 30, 68 Object Trim ...... 133, 148, 155, 170, 196, 229, 247 Offset...... 244 Open Window Mode ...... 30 Open Window selection...... 174 Orthogonal Dimension ...... 94, 136, 156

Page Setup...... 113 Palettes ...... 18, 160 Parallel Construction...... 130, 210 Parallel Lines...... 85, 101, 124, 126, 146, 166 Parallel Lines & Layer Properties ...... 129 Path Hatch...... 258 Pen Width...... 80 Perimeter ...... 34 Perpendicular Line ...... 72 Pick Point Hatch ...... 256, 266 Polar Coordinates...... 33, 288 Polygon...... 241 Polygon, Irregular ...... 57 Polyline...... 232 Properties Sheet ...... 21

Quadrant snap mode ...... 167 Quick Dimensions ...... 135

Radial Copy ...... 176 Radial Fit Copy...... 227 Radius dimensions ...... 95, 138 Rectangle ...... 53

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide xii Index

Rectangular Coordinates ...... 33 Region ...... 264 Relocate the Origin...... 287 Revolve...... 305 Rotated Ellipse...... 223 Rubber Stamp ...... 56, 260 Running Snap Mode...... 24

Scale...... 246 Search Page ...... 6 Select...... 30 Selection Info Palette...... 21 Select Tool with Shift...... 41 Selector Shell ...... 30 SHIFT key ...... 79 Shrink Extend Line...... 127, 190 Single Entry Keyboard Equivalents...... 25 Single Line ...... 67, 84, 100, 123, 145, 165 Sketch Objects ...... 26 Snap Modes ...... 24 Spatial Information...... 32 Split...... 197 Starting a new drawing ...... 14, 48 Status Bar ...... 20 Stretch ...... 239 Stretch Handles ...... 78 Student Template ...... 14 Surface from Profile...... 310 Symbol, Insert...... 270 Symbols & Icons ...... 1

Tangent from Arc...... 189 Tangent Lines ...... 89, 169 Task Activity...... 9 Task Drawing ...... 7 Task Worksheet ...... 8 Text...... 29, 118, 268, 282 Toolbars...... 17 TurboCAD Basics ...... 14

Update Viewport Boundary ...... 279 User Interface...... 16 Using the QuickCAMs ...... 11 Using this program ...... 3

Vertex Snap Mode ...... 77 View, Create ...... 111, 139, 178, 273 Viewport Borders ...... 117 Viewport Boundary ...... 182 Update Viewport Boundary, Update...... 279

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide xiii Index

View, Insert...... 112, 140, 180, 275 View, Isometric ...... 299 Viewport Layers...... 277 Viewport Scale ...... 116, 181 Visible Viewport Boundary ...... 280

Wall Join ...... 291 Wall Split...... 289 Wall Tool...... 285 Walls, Modifying ...... 291 Window Selection...... 30 Workplane ...... 298 Workplane by Facet ...... 303

X-Ref Manager...... 315 X-Ref : Loading and Externally Referenced Object ...... 316 X-Ref : Inserting the X-Ref as a Block ...... 318 X-Ref : Modifying & Reloading and Externally Referenced Object ...... 318 X-Ref : Detaching an External Reference...... 319 Zoom tools...... 74

TurboCAD 2D Training Guide xiv Index