I. England’s Restoration Colonies A. The Restoration (1660) 1) Oliver Cromwell (r. 1649–59) – led UK after execution of Charles I 2) Richard Cromwell (r. 1659–60) – Oliver’s son, could not control the army of the territory 3) Charles II (r. 1660–85) -- son of Charles I (the RESTORATION) a) Called to be king to end disorder, No heirs b) When died, crown passed to brother James II 4) James II – Catholic a) Catholic son was heir to throne, Protestants organized a coup b) Rallied behind James II’s Protestant son in law, William of Orange, who invaded and forced James and his son into exile (1688) c) 1689 – UK called William and his wife Mary (James’ daughter from a previous marriage), and then Queen Anne (a 2nd daughter of James II) d) UK’s control over the colonies increased between the Restoration of Charles II and Anne (1702). I. England’s Restoration Colonies A. Filling in the Coast – During reign of Charles II and James II- UK established 6 more coastal colonies (NC, SC, NJ, NY, PA, DE) B. Carolina (1663) 1) Proprietary grant – private owner, not a company 2) Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (1669) – provided for dividing the colony into regions a) 2/3 would be hereditary nobles b) 1/3 by manorial lords and ordinary landowners c) Religious freedom d) Institutionalized system of slavery 3) South Carolina – cattle and rice, more prosperous a) By 1708 – majority of population (9-10,000) were slaves 4) North Carolina (Albemarle Sound) (1691) – tobacco a) In 1700 -Smaller percentage of the population (4-5,000) 5) Formal division into North and South Carolina (1729) – UK bought out the proprietors and ran the colonies I. England’s Restoration Colonies (Cont.)

C. New York and New (1664) – given to James II (2nd born) by his brother Charles I (at the time he was the Duke of York) 1) Inc. what today of NY, NJ, and parts of Maine, Conn, and the entire colony of a) James attacked NN (1664), Stuyvesant surrendered b) 1673 – Dutch won it back, but lost it again a year later 2) James did not use an elected assembly (charter did not require it) a) Appointed royal governors in NY and NJ b) Hazy boundaries 3) NJ governors – a) John, Lord Berkeley - West b) Sir George Carteret - East New Jersey c) Did not inform his NY governor – who had been giving out land in NJ to Puritans d) NJ’s colonial history full of fights over land claims I. England’s Restoration Colonies (Cont.)

D. (1681) – charter given to William Penn (2nd born) 1) Society of Friends (Quakers) – Penn became one a) Believed that God’s spirit was in all equally b) Could not say that one person was better than another by virtue of birth or any other distinction. c) No clergy d) Despised being showy (in dress and in worship) e) Refused to kneel, tip their hats, or bow to anyone f) pacifists 2) Crown didn’t control the colony – owed Penn’s father a) Refuge for Quakers and religious freedom (Penn was imprisoned 4X in UK for publicly professing his beliefs) b) Called a “holy experiment” c) Charles II liked Penn – and liked the idea of getting rid of the “annoying” Quakers even more d) Colony became very diverse (Swedes, Finns, Irish, Dutch, German, English, Welsh I. England’s Restoration Colonies (Cont.)

3) Relations with natives: 3) Believed they should be treated w/ respect (as all other people) 4) He insisted on purchasing the land granted to him by UK 5) Swore to them that he would avoid “the unkindness and injustice that hath been too much exercised toward you by the people of these parts of the world.” 4) Government 4) Frame of Government (1682) 1. elected council and assembly 2. freedom of religion 3. Penn still had large control