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Third National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Unfccc)

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Third National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Unfccc) GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA ZAMBIA ______________________________________________________________________________ THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC) ©SEPTEMBER, 2020 CHAPTER CONTRIBUTORS NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES Author: Mr. Julius Patson Daka Reviewers: Mr. Michael Annel Phiri, Dr. Charity Nalweya, Mrs. Irene G. Lungu Chipili, Mr. Richard Lungu, Mrs. Carol Mwape Zulu, Mr. Keyvan Izadi, Ms. Mwiche Kabwe, Ms. Taona Kabinga NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY Author: Mr. Hartley Walimwipi Contributors: Mr. Abel Siampale, Mr. Dikoka, Mr. Chongwe, Mrs. Beatrice. Nalikena, Mr. Kasongo Chiwama Inventory Coordinator: Mr. Michael Annel Phiri General Oversight: Mr. Gift Sikaundi and Mr. Maxwell Nkoya Technical Support and Advisor: Mr. Hartley Walimwipi Quality Control: Dr. Charity Nalweya and Ms. Mwiche Kabwe Quality Assurance: Dr. Carlos Lopez (Global Support Programme) Inventory Preparation Energy: Ms. Harriet Zulu, Ms. Beatrice. Nalikena, Mr. Kasongo Chiwama, Mr. Lawrence Musalila, Mr. Isaac Soko Industrial process and Product Use: Ms. Charity Kasoma Banda, Mr. Lwicha Chifungula, Mr. Dingiswayo Shawa, Mr. Simasiku Nkabika AFOLU: Mr. Abel Siampale, Mr. Young Vibetti, Ms. Maureen Mwale, Mr. Keddy Mbindo, Mr. Dikoka, Mr. Innocent Mulauzi, Mr. Brian Mutasha, Ms. Musanse Chisulo Waste: Mr. Hartman Ngwale, Ms. Lilian Kalenge, Ms. Taona Kabinga IT Technical Support and archiving: Mr. Joel Simwinga and Mr. Alexander. Museshyo VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT Authors: Dr. Kabwe Harnadih Mubanga, Dr. Charles Bwalya Chisanga, Dr. Masauso Simon Chirwa, Ms. Rebecca Kayumba-Piyo and Mr. Edson Nkonde General Oversight: Mr. Gift Sikaundi Coordinator: Mr. Michael Annel Phiri MITIGATION Authors: Mr. Hartley Walimwipi, Mr. Julius Daka, Mr. Charles Mulenga Contributors: Ms. Suzyo Sakala, Ms. Margaret M. Kasali General Oversight: Mr. Gift Sikaundi Coordinator: Mr. Michael Annel Phiri i Reviewers: Dr. Charity Nalweya Mundia, Mr. Richard M. Lungu, Mr. Kasongo Chiwama, Mr. Hartman Ngwale, Ms. Taona Kabinga, Mr. Joel Simwinga, Mr. Alexander Museshyo, Ms. Brenda Nakamba, Mr. Lyson Phiri, Dr. Elenestina M. Mwelwa, Mr. Abel M. Siampale, Mr. Mike Mulonda, Mr. Kasongo Chiwama, Mr. Young Vibetti, Mr. Laurian Haangala, Mr. Eugine Chandi, Mr. Beausic Chongo, Dr. Alick Muvundika, Mr. Aurelius C. Nkonde, Ms. Beatrice Nalikena, Mrs. Irene G. Lungu Chipili, Mr. Gift Sikaundi SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION Authors: Dr. Alick Muvundika, Dr. George Kasali, Dr. Kalaluka Munyinda, Dr. Charity Nalweya, Mr. Michael Annel Phiri, Mr. Richard M. Lungu, Mrs. Carol Mwape Zulu, Mrs. Esther Mulekwa, Mrs. Irene G. Lungu Chipili, Mr. Friday Phiri, Mr. Oliver Mudenda, Mr. Ben Makayi, Ms. Taona Kabinga ii FOREWORD The Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) is cognisant of the effects of climate change and the need to contribute to the global efforts in addressing it. As a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and in fulfilling its obligation to the Convention and the Paris Agreement, Zambia has prepared this Third National Communication (TNC) in order to share its efforts to address climate change with the global community. The TNC builds on climate change activities reported in the country’s Second National Communication (SNC) submitted in 2014 and provides key developments and other on-going national processes that have since taken place. Since Zambia submitted its Second National Communication, the country continues to experience a number of climate hazards which include droughts, extreme temperatures, dry spells as well as seasonal and flash floods. These have adversely impacted food and water security, infrastructure, energy, health and livelihoods of rural communities and the overall socio-economic development of the country. It is for this reason that Zambia has integrated climate change in its development planning process to create a diversified and resilient economy for sustained growth and socio- economic transformation. This report was compiled through a broad stakeholder consultation process involving government departments, private sector, cooperating partners, Civil Society Organisations (CSO) and academia, among others. It highlights the country’s (i) anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission sources and sinks for the years 2005 and 2010; (ii) emission drivers and measures to abate GHG emissions (iii) vulnerability status to climate change, policies, programmes and plans to enhance resilience and adaptation actions; (iv) Financial, technical and capacity needs including support needed and received; and (v) other measures considered relevant to meeting the objectives of the Convention. Government remains confident that the recommendations on addressing emissions and actions on adaptation contained in the TNC will be implemented by all stakeholders in a coordinated manner to ensure that the country remains on course to achieving a climate resilient and low carbon development pathway as envisaged in the Vision 2030 and the Seventh National Development Plan (7NDP). Government will remain committed to providing a conducive environment and support for its implementation in a transparent, inclusive, accurate, complete and comparable manner. Hon. Jean Kapata MP MINISTER OF LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Third National Communication (TNC) aims to communicate Government’s effort to address climate change in Zambia. The TNC was prepared through a consultative approach comprising various Government ministries, Cooperating Partners Civil Society Organisations (CSO), academia and the media, among others. The country received support in various forms and from different institutions and individuals during the process of preparing the TNC. The Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources wishes to thank the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) through the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for providing financial resources which made this whole exercise possible. The Ministry further wishes to thank the UNEP/UNDP Global Support Programme team and the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) for the technical support during the preparation of the TNC. Further, commendation goes to the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) for their coordination role and the leadership demonstrated in the process. The Ministry would also like to thank various Government line ministries, Civil Society Organisations, the academia, local communities and individuals for their input into the TNC. Gratitude is also extended to the Technical Working Group for providing editorial oversight. Lastly, but not the least, the Ministry extends gratitude to all individuals, institutions and organizations that played a role which is not specifically mentioned here. The Ministry wishes to encourage all stakeholders to continue contributing their respective roles to ensure that the country can effectively address the challenge of climate change. MINISTRY OF LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The Third National Communication (TNC) for Zambia has been prepared in accordance with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) guidelines on national communications for Non-Annex I Parties. The TNC builds on climate change activities reported in the Second National Communication (SNC) and provides information on the socio- economics of the country, gives an insight into the country’s emission and mitigation status, and vulnerability to impacts of climate change, including other information relevant to meeting the objectives of the Convention. National Circumstances Zambia covers a total surface area of 752,614 km2 out of 99 percent is land area and 1percent is covered by water. The population of Zambia in 2010 was estimated at 13,092,666, representing a 32.5 percent increase compared to 9,885,591 in 2000 (CSO, 2012). Approximately 60.5 percent of the population lives in rural areas and 39.5 percent in urban areas. The population growth rate was approximately 2.8 percent. The country is endowed with abundant natural resources that contribute significantly to the national economy. Primary resources include minerals, forests, water, wildlife, fisheries and land. Mining has been a key driver of the Zambian economy for many years. Government however, continued to diversify the economy to focus on other key economic sectors such as agriculture, energy, transport, construction, manufacturing and tourism. In 2010, the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 7.6 percent compared to 3.5 percent in 2000. This economic growth rate was largely driven by agriculture, infrastructure developments including increased metal production following a rebound in copper prices on international markets and provision of various tax incentives in the agricultural and mining sectors. 2010 also recorded increased investments in the transport and communications, forestry and fisheries sectors. The annual inflation slowed down to 7.9 percent in 2010 compared to 9.9 percent in 2000 (MoF, 2010). Economic growth in the agriculture, livestock and fisheries sectors slowed down and their contribution to GDP declined from 24 percent in 2000 to 13.9 percent in 2010 (MoA, 2017, MOF, 2010). The decline was attributed to the unfavourable performance in the fisheries sub-sector. However, growth in the agricultural sub-sector increased to 13.9 percent in 2010 resulting from increased output of crops such as maize, rice, cassava, sorghum, mixed beans, sweet potatoes and
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