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Colonel James D. Nance South Carolina's Civil Wars 'Proper Commander' Sammy Franks Clemson University, [email protected]

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Colonel James D. Nance South Carolina's Civil Wars 'Proper Commander' Sammy Franks Clemson University, Safranks@Bellsouth.Net Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2012 Colonel James D. Nance South Carolina's Civil Wars 'Proper Commander' Sammy Franks Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Franks, Sammy, "Colonel James D. Nance South Carolina's Civil Wars 'Proper Commander'" (2012). All Theses. 1507. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1507 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COLONEL JAMES D. NANCE SOUTH CAROLINA’S CIVIL WAR’S “PROPER COMMANDER” ____________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Graduate School of Clemson University ____________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts History ____________________________________________________ by Sammy Franks August 2012 ____________________________________________________ Accepted by: Dr. Paul Anderson, Committee Chair Dr. Rod Andrew Jr. Dr. Alan Grub ABSTRACT Colonel James Drayton Nance was born in Newberry, South Carolina on October 10, 1837. He was a graduate of the Citadel and a practicing attorney at the outbreak of the Civil War. He was also instrumental in the training of the 3rd South Carolina Infantry. Most of the young men who went to war were wholly unprepared. Many on both sides felt the war would be short and never contemplated the horrors they would encounter. These young men had no military training, and what military knowledge they did possess came from ramshackle militia units whose real purpose was to patrol for runaway slaves. These militia units were described as worthless. They had no uniforms and no weapons of impact. They joined the militia units for fun and frolic, never realizing that war was a serious business. All students of the Civil War are familiar with the Lee’s, Stuarts, Jacksons, and Hamptons, but what about the colonels? It was men like James D. Nance in the fog of battle that would make the crucial decisions about life and death. Historians have devoted little attention to these men. Although there are excellent unit histories, little has been written about the men who trained and led these units. It has been stated that Nance showed an outstanding ability to lead, and that his command ii followed him never questioning his skill. His ability to advance under the pressure of combat and his ability to extract his command from destruction never faltered. His mental capacity was always sharp and his decisions toward his command sound. Nance was a strict disciplinarian who had a demanding nature. His devotion to duty never wavered and he expected the same from his men. This is an excellent opportunity to study and analyze a part of the command structure of the Civil War that has been neglected by historians. I have relied upon Colonel Nance’s letters to his sister Laura more than any other source to tell Nance’s story in his own words. It is not only an opportunity for Nance to speak for himself; it is also an addition to Civil War historiography. Nance had a close relationship with his sister, and his letters to her reveal a man devoted to his cause, his ideology, his family, and his God. These letters have provided a window into another time. iii DEDICATION To my Family: Tammy, Brandon, Leigh, Jesse, and Jessica. All of you have contributed to this project more than you know. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many contributors to a project such as this. And I feel it my duty to take a moment and mention some of them. I would like to thank my parents and grandparents who sat on the front porch after a long hot summer day and reflected upon a past that to me will forever make my childhood special. It was on these occasions that I developed a love for history. These front porch gatherings are a tradition that is sadly fading away. I would like to thank my wife Tammy who gave up her Saturday’s to walk cemeteries, which she felt was “creepy,” and to browse libraries and archives, which she felt was “boring.” When walking through cemeteries she was usually the first to find our objective, and when looking through archives she never complained about the dust that played havoc with her sinuses. One could not ask for more devotion. I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Paul Anderson, who gave me sound advice and went above and beyond his duty to help a student. I would also like to thank Dr. Rod Andrew for his help and the classes in southern history that I enjoyed being a part of. There is also Dr. Alan Grubb, whose lunch I was forever interrupting but was still gracious enough to read my thesis and give me helpful suggestions. I will always be in their debt. I thank all of you for your support. v I would also like to mention the Liberians at Clemson’s Cooper Library and Anderson County’s Liberians in The South Carolina Room. I could never remember your names but I will never forget your kindness. Thanks to all of you. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page ………………………………………………………………..................................... i ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. ii DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ……………………………………………………..………………………….. v List of Illustrations ……………………………………………………………………………… viii PREFACE …………………………………………………..………………………………………………… ix INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 CHAPTER 1. “With Such Circumstances and Surroundings” 26 April 1861 Through 12 Jul 1861 ……………………………………………. 47 2. “Every Moment We Expect To Receive Orders to Move.” 6 DECEMBER 1861 THROUGH 17 JULY 1862 ……………………………… 66 3. “It Is Hazardous to Risk Prediction or Indulge In Hopes of an Early Peace.” 9 AUGUST 1862 THROUGH 26 JUN1863 ……….................. 96 4. “I Did Not Feel Like Bidding Farewell…May God Bless You! Your Affectionate Brother, J.” 26 June 1863 THROUGH 6 APRIL 1864 ………………………………………… 127 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………………………… 184 vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Illustration Page 1. Colonel James Drayton Nance ………………………………………………. XI 2. Battlefield Monument …………………………………………………………… 182 3. Colonel James D. Nance’s monument in Rosemont Cemetery … 183 viii PREFACE As a child of the 1960’s I remember sitting on my grandparent’s front porch after dinner and listening to the stories the “old folks” would share. These front porch gatherings during the hot days of summer were a long tradition in the South until air-conditioning became affordable for everyone. This is how I first learned about Colonel James D. Nance of the 3rd South Carolina Infantry. As I grew older and researched my family history, I found that I had ancestors in the 3rd South Carolina. The literature on General Lee and his lieutenants is extensive. But few studies exist about men such as Colonel Nance who made crucial life and death decisions. James D. Nance wrote dozens of letters to his sister Laura, who he confided in about his battle field actions, his political standings, and his religious convictions. Using these letters and other material gathered I have tried to piece together the life of a man who often showed more competence than the generals above him. In 1864 General Lee stated that his army would “go anywhere and do anything if properly led. But there is the difficulty—proper commanders—where can they be obtained?” Lee was writing a response to a statement made by General Hood in which he was devastated by the death of General “Stonewall” Jackson. How could Lee replace such men? I am not trying to argue that Colonel James D. Nance was another ix “Stonewall” Jackson, but he was that “proper commander” who took young men with no training in the art of war, and in most cases had never been more than fifty miles from home, and molded them into one of the best all around units in General Lee’s army. x Illustration 1. Colonel James Drayton Nance of the 3rd South Carolina Volunteers xi INTRODUCTION Colonel James D. Nance South Carolina’s Civil War’s “Proper Commander” Colonel James D. Nance, commander of the 3rd South Carolina Infantry, was killed at The Battle of the Wilderness in May of 1864. This unfortunate incident occurred when General Robert E. Lee attacked General Ulysses S. Grant (the newly appointed General in Chief of the Union army) soon after Grant’s army had crossed the Rapidan River at Germanna Ford and was marching toward a thick growth of forest known as the Wilderness. Lee chose to attack Grant in this position, which has been described as a tangled mass of brush and briars that was “unnerving,”1 to neutralize Grant’s vast supply of troops and superior artillery. The confrontation on the 5th was certainly spirited, but Lee did not want to bring on a full engagement with Grant without his First Corps and its commander General James Longstreet, whom Lee called his “Old War Horse” and was a day’s march behind. Because of the delay in Longstreet’s movement, Lee had not committed fully his Second and Third Corps to battle. General Ewell, commanding the Second Corps, had kept the Union forces at bay and had 1Lawrence A. Kreiser.Defeating Lee: A History of the Second Corps Army of the Potomac, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011), p. 166. 1 prevented any break in his lines2 and, according to his latest biographer, “was at his best” during this crucial period.3 However, historian J. Tracy Power points out that the attacks against the Third Corps, commanded by General Ambrose Powel Hill, were “more effective.” This is not to say, however, that General Hill had not stood his ground; he had, but his troops were “disorganized” from the continuous influx of troops on his front, and as night fell, and the firing from both sides abated, Hills troops, exhausted and needing rest badly, laid on their arms where they fell.
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