Closing the Door to Dangerous Industrial Activity a Concept Paper for Governments to Implement Emergency Measures
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Land-Use, Land-Cover Changes and Biodiversity Loss - Helena Freitas
LAND USE, LAND COVER AND SOIL SCIENCES – Vol. I - Land-Use, Land-Cover Changes and Biodiversity Loss - Helena Freitas LAND-USE, LAND-COVER CHANGES AND BIODIVERSITY LOSS Helena Freitas University of Coimbra, Portugal Keywords: land use; habitat fragmentation; biodiversity loss Contents 1. Introduction 2. Primary Causes of Biodiversity Loss 2.1. Habitat Degradation and Destruction 2.2. Habitat Fragmentation 2.3. Global Climate Change 3. Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation 3.1. General 3.2. The European Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 4. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary During Earth's history, species extinction has probably been caused by modifications of the physical environment after impacts such as meteorites or volcanic activity. On the contrary, the actual extinction of species is mainly a result of human activities, namely any form of land use that causes the conversion of vast areas to settlement, agriculture, and forestry, resulting in habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation, which are among the most important causes of species decline and extinction. The loss of biodiversity is unique among the major anthropogenic changes because it is irreversible. The importance of preserving biodiversity has increased in recent times. The global recognition of the alarming loss of biodiversity and the acceptance of its value resultedUNESCO in the Convention on Biologi – calEOLSS Diversity. In addition, in Europe, the challenge is also the implementation of the European strategy for biodiversity conservation and agricultural policies, though it is increasingly recognized that the strategy is limitedSAMPLE by a lack of basic ecological CHAPTERS information and indicators available to decision makers and end users. We have reached a point where we can save biodiversity only by saving the biosphere. -
Seeking a New Jurisprudence … for Earth Matters
1 The Long View Summer 2012 Oregon State Bar Sustainable Future Section Photo: J. Michael Mattingly The Long View Seeking a New Jurisprudence...for Earth Matters By Pat Siemen, JD, OP What is Earth Jurisprudence? Earth jurisprudence is an emerging field of law that encompasses both environmental ethics and legal practices. It builds on the pioneering work of Christopher Stonei, Aldo Leopoldii, and Thomas Berryiii, as well as indigenous traditionsiv. Thomas Berry, a priest, cultural his- torian, scholar, and self-described “geologian” first used the term “Earth jurisprudence.” In April 2001, Berry presented his outline of “The Origin, Differentiation and Role of Rights,” an articulation of the quantitative rights of nature that has been foundational in shaping the field of Earth jurisprudence. This document, later revised as “Ten Principles for Jurisprudence Revision,”v continues to provide critical conceptual foundation for the advancement of a “rights-of-nature” movement. In it, Berry sets forth his assertion that the rights to exist, flourish and fulfill one’s purpose in the Universe are not only innate to humans, but also apply to the nonhu- man world because the rights are grounded in the Universe, rather than any of human law. Earth jurisprudence examines the “wisdom or philosophy of law” for the sake of the viable functioning of the Earth community. Recognizing that we face unprecedented ecological challenges that impact the physical and spiritual health of both humans and the larger natural world, Earth jurisprudence calls for a major shift in consciousness. It requires an understanding of humanity’s integral relationship with larger, interdependent natural systems, and therefore, the recognition that laws, policies and economics need to be designed to protect the natural systems, species and entities that sustain life. -
ALJ/KVC/Mln Event
ALJ/KVC/mln BEFORE THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIAFILED 3-06-15 Order Instituting Rulemaking to Continue 11:14 AM Implementation and Administration, and Consider Further Development of, California Rulemaking 15-02-020 Renewables Portfolio Standard Program. INFORMATION REGARDING SERVICE I have electronically served all persons on the attached official service lists who have provided an e-mail address for Rulemaking (R.) 15-02-020 – List of Respondents: ESP/IOU/CCA/POU and R.11-05-005, R.12-11-005, R.13-12-010, R.14-07-002, R.14-08-013, R.14-10-010 and Application 14-02-006. Upon confirmation of this document’s acceptance for filing, I will cause a hardcopy of the filed document to be served by U.S. mail on all parties listed in the “Party” category of the official service lists for whom no e-mail address is provided. The service lists I use are current as of today’s date. Dated March 6, 2015, at San Francisco, California. /s/ MARIA-LYDIA NUNEZ Maria-Lydia Nunez NOTICE Parties should notify the Process Office, Public Utilities Commission, 505 Van Ness Avenue, Room 2000, San Francisco, CA 94102, of any change of address to ensure that they continue to receive documents. You must indicate the proceeding number on the service list on which your name appears. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Commission’s policy is to schedule hearings (meetings, workshops, etc.) in locations that are accessible to people with disabilities. To verify that a particular location is accessible, call: Calendar Clerk (415) 703-1203. -
Dynamics of Biodiversity Change After Deforestation
Rev. Cient. Cien. Nat. Ambien. 11(1):28-36 Gilbert • Dinámica de cambios de diversidad después Junio 2017 ISSN: 1390-8413 de deforestación Dynamics of biodiversity change after deforestation Dinámica de cambios de diversidad después de deforestación Guillermo Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo Postgraduate student. Imperial College London. London, SW7 2AZ, UK. Tel: +44(0)207589511 Recibido 5 de mayo 2017; recibido en forma revisada 26 de mayo 2017, aceptado 5 de junio 2017 Disponible en línea 26 de junio 2017 Abstract The many changes that forests have suffered over the last century have led to biodiversity loss around the planet. In order to understand these processes and try to predict future biological diversity loss, spatial comparisons have commonly been used. This research uses spatial and temporal data aiming to understand better the dynamics of these changes caused by deforestation. A meta-Analysis was conducted compiling information from 13 studies using before-after-control- impact design (BACI) to examine abundance response to deforestation. The results show clearly that biodiversity tends to decline in the five years after forest loss, though losses are not significant within the first two years. It was also found that the effects of deforestation on species abundance varied significantly among taxonomic groups, physical level species occupy in the ecosystem, type of disturbance, type of perturbation, and constancy in the surveys. The outcome of this research agrees with results of studies with spatial comparisons, though it is not yet possible to conclude which is best to predict biodiversity changes. However, these findings deepen our understanding of the complexity of biodiversity change and deforestation and emphasize importance of generating more studies that include temporal data. -
Earth Jurisprudence: the Moral Value of Nature, 25 Pace Envtl
Pace Environmental Law Review Volume 25 Article 1 Issue 2 Summer 2008 June 2008 Earth Jurisprudence: The orM al Value of Nature Judith E. Koons Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pelr Recommended Citation Judith E. Koons, Earth Jurisprudence: The Moral Value of Nature, 25 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 263 (2008) Available at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pelr/vol25/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Environmental Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PACE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVIEW Volume 25 Summer 2008 Number 2 ARTICLES Earth Jurisprudence: The Moral Value of Nature JUDITH E. KOONS* There are times in our lives, particularlyas we grow older, when the long arm of the horizon becomes our teacher.1 I. INTRODUCTION Earth Jurisprudence is an emerging field of law that calls us to pause as we enter the twenty-first century to consider the ground under our feet and the teachings bearing down on us from the horizon. 2 As planetary environmental crises advance toward * Associate Professor of Law, Barry University School of Law, Orlando, Florida. B.A., J.D., University of Florida, M.T.S., Harvard Divinity School. Copyright, Judith E. Koons, 2007. I offer my gratitude to Thomas Berry for his long life of soulful work and natural wisdom; to Sr. Pat Siemen, O.P., J.D., for her devotion to the call to "wear out rather than rust out"; to Julie Perry for her passionate and talented research assistance; to Pat Tolan and Eric Hull for their helpful comments; to the many ear- nest thinkers whose work graces this article; and to Earth for continuing to count us among her own. -
From Ecocrimes to Ecocide
FROM ECOCRIMES TO ECOCIDE PROTECTIN THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH CRIMINAL LAW Under the supervision of Professor Laurent NEYRET 1 Foreword LAURENT NEYRET Law Professor at the Université de Versailles – Paris Saclay Professor at SciencesPo Paris The idea to initiate a collaborative research dedicated to the protection of the environment through criminal law has arisen after giving serious thoughts to the transformation of the concept of crime against humanity in the environmental field, which resulted in a proposal for a new international crime: the crime of ecocide. The analysis of the desirability and feasibility of establishing such a crime at the international level involved working more broadly on the protection of the environment through criminal law. Indeed, if the crime of ecocide were to be included in the category of the most serious crimes, this involved the determination of its specific features compared to those of the other environmental crimes. Such an endeavour required the bringing together of a number of specialists from various disciplines, including criminal law, environmental law, international law, as well as human rights law and comparative law. The team of sixteen jurists - scholars, lawyers, judges - of six different nationalities, worked for three years independently to put forward proposals for setting up a graduated and effective system of protection of the environment through criminal law. The initial goal was to make a diagnosis of the level of protection of the environment under the existing criminal law, both under domestic and international law. To do this, the research group has benefited from the valuable work of students of the Clinique du droit de Sciences Po (Law Clinic of Sciences Po) headed up by Manon Garin who undertook an inventory of texts and scholarly writings concerning the fight against environmental crime in all legal systems1. -
Plant Biodiversity Change Across Scales During the Anthropocene Mark Vellend, Lander Baeten, Antoine Becker-Scarpitta, V´Eronique Boucher-Lalonde, Jenny L
PP68CH21-Vellend ARI 6 April 2017 9:54 ANNUAL REVIEWS Further Click here to view this article's online features: • Download figures as PPT slides • Navigate linked references Plant Biodiversity Change • Download citations • Explore related articles • Search keywords Across Scales During the Anthropocene Mark Vellend,1 Lander Baeten,2 Antoine Becker-Scarpitta,1 Veronique´ Boucher-Lalonde,1 Jenny L. McCune,3 Julie Messier,1 Isla H. Myers-Smith,4 and Dov F. Sax5 1Departement´ de Biologie, Universite´ de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec´ J1K 2R1, Canada; email: [email protected] 2Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium 3Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada 4School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom 5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2017. 68:563–86 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on biodiversity, climate change, habitat fragmentation, land use, nitrogen January 11, 2017 deposition, scale The Annual Review of Plant Biology is online at plant.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916- Plant communities have undergone dramatic changes in recent centuries, 040949 Access provided by Brown University on 05/04/17. For personal use only. although not all such changes fit with the dominant biodiversity-crisis nar- Copyright c 2017 by Annual Reviews. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2017.68:563-586. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org rative used to describe them. At the global scale, future declines in plant All rights reserved species diversity are highly likely given habitat conversion in the tropics, although few extinctions have been documented for the Anthropocene to date (<0.1%). -
Reversing Biodiversity Loss – the Case for Urgent Action This Statement Has Been Created by the Science Academies of the Group of Seven (G7) Nations
31 MARCH 2021 Reversing biodiversity loss – the case for urgent action This statement has been created by the Science Academies of the Group of Seven (G7) nations. It represents the Academies’ view on the magnitude of biodiversity decline and the urgent action required to halt and reverse this trend. The Academies call on G7 nations to work collaboratively to integrate the multiple values of biodiversity into decision-making, and to pursue cross-sectoral solutions that address the biodiversity, climate and other linked crises in a coordinated manner. At its simplest, biodiversity describes life on Earth – the • Despite clear and growing evidence, and despite ambitious different genes, species and ecosystems that comprise the global targets, our responses to biodiversity decline at the biosphere and the varying habitats, landscapes and regions global and national levels have been woefully insufficient. in which they exist. The 2020 Global Biodiversity Outlook3 reported that none of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets, set out in the Strategic Plan Biodiversity matters. for Biodiversity 2011 – 2020, had been fully achieved. Since the ratification of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity • Humans emerged within the biosphere and are both (UN CBD) in 1992, more than a quarter of the tropical forests inseparable from it and fully dependent on it. Biodiversity that were standing then have been cut down. has its own intrinsic value distinct from the value it provides to human life. For all species, it provides food, But there is hope for a better way forward. water shelter and the functioning of the whole Earth system. For humans, it is also an integral part of spiritual, • To halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030, nothing cultural, psychological and artistic wellbeing1. -
Study Guide for the Rights of Nature Proposal Prepared by Rev
Study Guide for The Rights of Nature Proposal Prepared by Rev. Dr. Bob Shore-Goss [email protected] "We are talking only to ourselves. We are not talking to the rivers, we are not listening to the wind and stars. We have broken the great conversation. By breaking that conversation we have shattered the universe. All the disasters that are happening now are a consequence of that spiritual 'autism.'" ~ Thomas Berry Summary: Pope Francis claims, “A true ‘right of the environment’ does exist.” There has been an international movement for the Rights of Nature in the last several decades. For the proposal before you, this serves as a brief study guide of the background. The proposal attempts to link the UCC with this movement that includes environmentalists, environmental Christian ethicists, indigenous peoples worldwide, international organizations that produced the Earth Charter, the Charter of Compassion, and the Parliament of World Religions. No Christian denomination (no world religion, outside indigenous spiritualities) have adopted a statement of faith and prophetic witness that explicitly claims Rights for Nature. There have lists of such rights by Stillheart Declaration and individual Christian ethicists. That is the last section of this study guide. Individual Christian liberation theologians such as the Brazilian Leonardo Boff, Sallie McFague, Thomas Berry, and others have recognize our human responsibility to notion of distributive justice (a fair share of Earth resources and goods for humanity, the more than human life, and bio-regions, and the Earth herself) to nature, living in a wholesome environment, eating well, enjoying a living space, sharing equitably and co-living with Nature, and ultimately respecting the intimate connection of human and the Earth community of life. -
Linking Environment and Conflict Prevention the Role of the United Nations
FULL REPORT LINKING ENVIRONMENT AND CONFLICT PREVENTION THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS CSS peace ETH Zurich © CSS and swisspeace 2008 Center for Security Studies (CSS) ETH Zurich Seilergraben 45-49 - SEI CH – 8092 Zürich Tel.: +41-44-632 40 25 Fax: +41-44-632 19 41 [email protected] www.css.ethz.ch swisspeace Sonnenbergstrasse 17 P.O. Box CH - 3000 Bern 7 Tel.: +41-31-330 12 12 Fax: +41-31-330 12 13 [email protected] www.swisspeace.ch A report by Simon A. Mason, Adrian Muller Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich Albrecht Schnabel, Rina Alluri, Christian Schmid swisspeace, Bern Supervised by Andreas Wenger (CSS), Victor Mauer (CSS), and Laurent Goetschel (swisspeace) This is the full report, which can be accessed at <www.css.ethz.ch> and <www.swisspeace.ch> as well as in the “CSS Environment and Conflict Transformation” Series (www.isn.ethz.ch > “Publishing House” > “Publication Series”). An 18-page summary of this full report can be accessed at the same websites. Cover photo Paul Klee, Rosenwind 1922,39 Ölfarbe auf Grundierung auf Papier auf Karton 38,2 x 41,8 cm Zentrum Paul Klee, Bern, Schenkung Livia Klee Contents Foreword..................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures and Tables........................................................................................................... -
Anthropogenic Causation and Prevention Relating to The
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International Criminal Law and Climate Change
ARTICLE_KEENAN_FORMATTED (1) (DO NOT DELETE) 4/12/2019 4:50 PM INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND CLIMATE CHANGE Patrick J. Keenan I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................89 II. HARNESSING THE POWER OF EXPRESSIVISM ..................................99 A. A Theory of Behavioral Change ...................................... 101 B. The Conditions Under Which Expressivism Works Best.. 103 III. CLIMATE CHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW ................. 106 A. Causes, Consequences, and Attribution ......................... 108 B. Expressivism and the Problem of Climate Change .......... 110 IV. COMPLICATIONS AND OBJECTIONS ............................................. 119 A. Political Plausibility .......................................................... 120 B. Poor Fit with International Criminal Law Institutions ........ 122 I. INTRODUCTION The problem of climate change has captured the attention of scholars and advocates from diverse academic disciplines that would ordinarily have little in common.1 Part of the reason for this is the sheer magnitude of the problem.2 According to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, there is evidence that current climate change patterns will produce “irreversible changes in major ecosystems and the planetary climate system.”3 Among many Professor of Law, University of Illinois College of Law. For helpful comments and conversations, I am grateful to Charlotte Ku, Shirley Scott, and Verity Winship. 1 The scholarly literature on climate change is enormous and growing, and a thorough review is beyond the scope of this Article. For a useful assemblage of the ways that scholars have studied climate change, see generally OXFORD HANDBOOK OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOCIETY 3 (John S. Dryzek et al. eds., 2011) [hereinafter OXFORD HANDBOOK OF CLIMATE CHANGE] (attempting to draw on “a representation of the best scholars” from diverse disciplines to “represent and engage with their literatures” to understand the many diverse causes and consequences of climate change).