JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 10, 2020

RURAL URBAN MIGRATION “A CASE STUDY IN DISTRICT OF .”

RATUL SUT

M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Sociology, University.

ABSTRACT: Migration is a worldwide process of urbanization which has brought severe dislocation in the national economy of advanced industrial as well as developing and underdeveloped country. Migration no longer limited to shift of families from one country to another but now it involves wholesale population movement and into different culture and economies. While rural urban migration is the movement of people from rural to urban area. Different factors affecting rural urban migration such as poverty, unemployment, draught, epidemic, natural calamity (flood, earth quake, cyclone, erosion) and so on.in Assam particularly in Majuli there is a never-ending process of flood and erosion which causes the people of Majuli to migrate from Majuli to other places from time immemorial. Therefore, it is needed to inquiry into the nature and types of migration from Majuli to other urban areas of Assam.

INTRODUCTION: In population study migration the third component of population changes as one of the important areas of contemporary research in combination with fertility and mortality. The other two components migration determines the size and the rate of population growth as well as its structure and characteristics. however, as a factor affecting population size, nature, of migration is different from that of fertility and mortality. Migration is not a biological variable, it’s a response of human organism to economy, social and demographic forces in the environment. More over most of the vital process es analyzed in demographic move slowly, but migration cannot be very rapid in its effect. It can significant the distribution of people and their activities in a matter of fact. It is closely connected with economy changes and with important national, socioeconomic and political event. In case of migration even if it is possible to work out acceptable definition, many movements of population are difficult to measure. Difficult of analysis also arise when data are collected for individuals whose migrated. Histories have been recorded assuming that these are reasonable and accurate despite problems of recall. This collections of data on migration by any means and their subsequent analysis present formable and complex problem. Despite the complexities of the entire phenomena migration occupies an important place in population, has far reaching economic, social, and cultural demographic as well as the political repercussions. The rural urban migration literature is replete with studies of the biological of migrations on migration after have reached their distraction. Some studies also considered to effect of migration on rural population. The social and economic literature on migration may serve on a starting point.

Migration has become a universal phenomenon in modern times. Due to the expansion of transport and communication, it has become a part of worldwide process of urbanization and industrialization. In most countries, it has been observed that industrialization and economic development has been accompanied by large scale movements of people from village to towns, from towns to other towns and from one country to another country. From the demographic point of view migration is one of the three basic components of population growth of any area, the other two are fertility and mortality. But whereas both fertility and mortality operate within biological framework, migration does not. It influences size composition and distribution of population. More importantly, migration influences the social political and economic life of the people. A large number of socioeconomic and cultural factors are responsible for the migration of people from one place to the other.

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JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 10, 2020

SIGNNIFICANCE AND NEED OF THE STUDY: In order to understand properly and to get full information about the research area right investigation is most important. So, to fulfilment the above stated objective or to fulfil the broad objectives it is very important to conduct a right investigation or to conduct a research. So, the above-mentioned objectives are the importance of the study. And in order to get the answer of the question of why the people of Majuli migrated from Majuli to other urban centers? it is needed to conduct this particular study.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: Sarah kups (2014) in her studies topic in migration research explore topics related to the determinants and consequences of migration. the researcher investigated the relationship between unemployment, wage, and homicide rates and migration in Mexico’s thirty-two largest urban areas. The study findings are that, higher unemployment rates were correlated with higher out migration.

World economic forum (2017) in the topic migration and its impact on cities, focused that migration takes place in search of economic social and creative opportunities.

Zemke (2010) in her paper causes and effect of migration on migrant households in source countries investigates the causes and consequences of migration on migrant households in source countries. It discuses some of the reasons of which people are migrate and remittance. It also analyzes the consequence of migration on the wellbeing of migrant households and the relationship between family members. It concludes that migrant’s family situation and the needs influence the decision to migrate and for those that did migrate, the decision to remit.

Sundaram (2001) basically studies about the nature of rural urban migration and it causes. He gives some measures to reduce the migration problem. He opines that people are basically migrated from one place to another place or rural area to urban area to take some job opportunity, health facility etc.

Ram (2005) in his book studies about the meaning of migration and the causes of people migrated from one place to another place. Ram opines that migration become a global phenomenon, as a result of migration there are so many changes taken place in both rural and urban area.

Oberai and Singh (1983) studies about the causes and consequence of migration. In their study they analyze process of migration in the state of Ludhiana district of Punjab.

Agrawal (2009) in her study focused about the growth of migration. To her people are migrated only because of their economic causes such as lack of opportunity to get employment either government or private sector, so they are basically migrated from their origin to another place.

Patil and Trivedi (2000) in their book studies about the fact of migration from the point of view of trans national boundary and human history. According to them migration of communities across the globe is a complex phenomenon and is historical.

Boruah (2008) in his study basically discuss about the causes of the growth rate of migration and its impact on economic development particularly in the state of Assam during the period of 1971-2001.

METHODOLOGY: Research methodology is the procedure that helps to systematically proceed in steps to solve a research problem. It includes various logical steps adopted by researcher in studying his/her research problem. Research methodology is a broader concept that includes not only the research methods but also the logic behind the research methods in the context of a particular research study; and it explains the reasons for using particular research methods and statistical techniques. It also defines how the data should be evaluated. According to Nargudkar (2010) major elements of research methodology includes problem statement, research design, sampling design, tools of data collection, field work plan and analysis plan. In this part the researcher outlines the research strategy, the research method, the research approach, and the methods of sampling and data collection, the research process, the types of data collection and the method and tools of data analysis.

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JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 10, 2020

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the study is to examine and understand the influence of flood and erosion of river Brahmaputra and its tributaries to migration of rural Majulian to other places of the state Assam. This study will answer the question of why do Majulian migrate from Majuli to other urban places of Assam? What are the factors responsible for the imposition of migration to the Majulians life? This study will try to understand the various socio-economic and socio-cultural factors influencing to migration among the residents of Majuli.

BROAD OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The broad objectives of the study are to look into the causes of migration among the people of . THE SPECIFIC OBJECTTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To find out the major causes of migration of the Majuli people. 2. To expose the cultural heritage of Majuli regarding. 3. To find out the problems of transport and communication process of Majuli district. 4. To enumerate the socio economic and satriya cultural of Majuli. UNIVERSE AND POPULATION OF THE STUDY: The universe of the study consists of the migrated people living within the Majuli district of Assam. The flood affected and erosion affected families are the population the study of the universe. I have selected four village namely Salmora, Dakhinpat, Aphola, Phuloni village. SELECTION OF THE SAMPLE: In order to conduct the research smoothly and conveniently the researcher has used the convenient sampling method of selecting sample from the population. Keeping in mind the objective I have selected twenty respondents for conducting the study, in where five respondents from each of the four villages.my respondents were of those family, in where the people are migrated representatively. SAMPLE SIZE: The size of the sample is neither very large nor very small. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION: the method of data collection has been used in this research is case study method. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY: This research study is subject to following limitations: - Migration is a very wide subject so the present research work covers only one form of migration. This is also a limitation of this study.

As the survey of whole population cannot be conducted due to time and cost constraints, researcher has selected samples from the universe. It also acts as a limitation for present study. As the present study covers only one district, particularly majuli district the other districts of the state are left outside from the study. It also acts as a limitation for present study. For collecting data convenient sampling method is used. So, the limitations of convenient sampling method also restricted the findings of the study.

ANALYSIS OF DATA: The rural urban migration from majuli to are mainly due to flood, erosion, poor communication, poor infrastructure in medical facility, inadequate livelihood facility, insufficient employment facility etc. in the district and particularly the villages. The major causes of migration from majuli found that firstly, the economic problem. The main problem of majuli is economic condition. It is found that there is no any big industry in majuli so the traditional occupation is not sufficient for the fulfilment of their economic needs. Secondly the most life-threatening problem of causing migration from majuli is erosion made by the river Brahmaputra in every year in the monsoon season. Which swept away numbers of houses in few seconds. Thirdly the problem of flood which embraced the villages every year .in every year after 1950 onwards flood has affected majuli particularly these villages very badly. In every year the flood damaged a lot of houses and livestock of these villages.

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JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 10, 2020

MAJOR FINDINGS: After analyzing the data collected through the schedule from the respondents of the field the researcher has found a lot of causes of migration of the villagers. The major causes of migration of the people of majuli are as follows. 1. Severe flood of the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries. 2. Erosion caused by the river Brahmaputra. 3. Poor transport and communication system. 4. Economic insecurity. 5. Lack of educational institution. 6. Landlessness.

CONCLUSION: Migration rates defined in terms of the gross decadal inflow of population as a percentage of total population at the place of destination does not seen to be high and large numbers of districts. Secondly male and female migration rates are closely interrelated irrespective of whether they migrate from the rural areas within district or outside the state. This would suggest that women usually migrate as accompanists of the male. through several other micro surveys have noted that like the migration of single male ,single females are also increasingly moving out in search of a livelihood, the mobility of especially male population is also seen to be prominent inn the relatively advanced districts like Dibrugarh, Jorhat, , dhemaji, Lakhimpur, and the state capital of Assam.

REFERENCES:  Agarwala, B. (2009). Urbanization Of Rural Areas. Jaipur: Abd Publisher.  Das, P. (2014). Rural Urban Migration. In G. Pathak, Integrating The Culture And Socioeconomic Identity Of (Pp. 257-264). New Delhi: Ssdn Publication.  Guptajit Pathak, B. C. (2014). Integrating The Cultur And Socioeconomic Identity Of India. Delhi: Ssdn Publications And Distributions.  Monmohansingha, O. A. (1983). Causes And Consequence Of Intrnal Migration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  Ram.C.N. (2005). Urban And Regional Developmentin India. New Delhi: Concept Publication Company.  Sundaram. (1997). Rural Development. Himalaya Publishing House.  Trivedi, P. A. (2000). Migration Refugees And Securityin 21st Century. Delhi: Author Press Publication.

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