DOCSLIB.ORG

Class BA 5Th Semester Subject : History & Archaeology Title of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Class BA 5Th Semester Subject : History & Archaeology Title of The Class B.A 5th Semester Subject : History & Archaeology Title of the Paper : History and Culture of Karnataka(From Early Times to 1336) Paper II Optional Session: 1,2,3,4, 5, & 6. Topic : Sources: Literary and Archaeological __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction • Sources are essential to write the History of the past. Historical facts are recorded in the past to explain the events to the future generation. • They are either issued by the kings or they have more written under their patronage. Hence they have most authentic sources to understand the past. Classification of the sources: Sources are divided as Archaeological & Literary. Archaeological Sources are divided as Excavation (antiquity), Inscriptions, Numismatics, & Monuments. Literary sources are classified as Indigenous & Foreign. Indigenous literary sources are divided as religious and secular. Archaeological Sources: Introduction Archaeology means study of material remains. Archaeological sources are as essential as literary sources. Particular period of History is completely depending upon archaeological sources like Pre- Historic period, by the scientific study of the ruins Archaeological excavations provide data for the reconstruction of Prehistory & History. Excavation - Antiquity : Introduction Excavation in archaeology is the process of digging the site. There are two types of Excavation 1. Vertical 2. Horizontal, it is the process of recording of archaeological remains archaeologist recovers several types of ruins/ materials from an excavated site like artifacts, ecofacts (organic remains). 1862 the Department of Archaeology come into existence. Department of Archaeology conducted excavation in various sites of Karnataka Important Excavations Excavation carried out at Sangankallau Bellary District by Dr. Subba Rao, which throw light on Mesolithic age, staff of Deccan College Poona in 1946 & Dr. Ravi Korishetter Excavated Neolithic phase at Sangankallu. Excavation at Chandravalli Chitradurga district by K. Paddaiah, M.H. Krishana, gives information of ancient period.The Staff of Deccan College Poona have excavated Tekkalkote & Kappagal in 1965. This reveals Neolithic culture.Dr. H.D. Sankalia, K.V. Joshi carried out the excavation at Anagwadi Bagalkote District Ghatprabha region. Dr. H.D. Sankalia, K.V. Joshi continued excavation at Hunasgi Nala, Baichbal of Gulbarga district, Kibbanahalli Tumkur district, Pattadkallu & Khyad of Bagalkote district, these all sites gives information of Paleaolithic culture in Karnataka. Excavation at Vadagaon Madhavpur in Belgaum District brought to light the Pre-Satavahana & Satavahana remains.Sand dunes at Talkad : the Temple buried belong to the Ganga dynasty and some of the stone age evidences discovered by ASI. Excavation at Rajaghatta in Banglore district revaels Buddhist structures like vihara’s and votive stupas. Excavation at Sannati Gulburga District discovered the remains of Buddhist Stupa of Maurya and Satavahana period it is one of the largest stupa in south India Other Important Excavations • Lingsugur, Maski, Piklihal Raichur district. • Hallur Haveri district. • T Narsipur Mysore district. • Terdal Bagalkote district. • Brahmagiri Chitradurga district. These all the Neolithic, Chalcolithic & Megalithic sites of Karnataka Antiquity : • Hand Axes, Cleavers, choppers, Knives Scrapers potteries burial remains, • Stupa, Temple ruins. • Artifacts: Acheulian. • Rock types : Quartzite, Chert (sedimentary rock), Granite, Basalt , Dolerite used to make stone tools & implements Introduction Epigraphy: • Epigraphy means study of Inscriptions • Inscriptions are the earliest writings on stone or copper plates to record the important information by the Kings • They are the most authentic sources, because they are issued by the administrative authorities • They are classified as administrative , commercial, hero stones, donatives, Importance of Inscriptions : Inscriptions throw light on, the extent of the empire, social customs, administration, religious condition. The growth of scripts, languages & Literature, the evolution of sculpture and art, Chronology of ruling dynasties and the foreign trade & commerce, Inscriptions enables in spreading information.In addition to all these they throw light on the existence of group of scholars and scribers (writers ) in the kingdoms. Scholars received royal patronage. They are issued only with the consent of the kings, hence the information they carry are most authentic. Types of Inscriptions : 1. Donative Inscriptions- gives information about donations by the kings, Queens, ministers, merchants etc. 2. Hero Stones- Erected to commemorate heroic activities of both man & Women (Sati stones), 3. Nishadi Stone- belonged to Jainism to commemorate the Sallekhana rites. (fasting to death Important Inscriptions : Halmidi Inscription: Halmidi is a small village in Belur taluk of Hassan disrict. 450 A.D.This is the first Kannada inscription found so far in Karnataka belonged to king Kakusthavarama of Kadambas of Banavasi. Durimg his period Mrugendra and Nag were administering from Naridavale Nadu.They defeated of Pallavas and Kekeyas. Hence they got Halimidi and Muruvalli as gift. It bears the title of Dushtanigrhaha and Shishtanugraha. Talagunda Inscription of Kakusthavarama : This is in front of Pranaveswara temple at Talagunda and in Sanskrit language. It gives us information about the early political history up to Kakusthavarama of the Kadamba dynasty. Poet Kubja composed the inscription. The name Kadamba came to the dynasty by the Kadamba tree grown in front of the house of the Brahmins. Mayursharma went to Kanchi the then famous Ghatika for education. There he was insulted and fought with them and after getting victory came to Banavasi and set up a new dynasty. Aihole Inscription : Aihole is a small village in Hungund taluk of Bagalkot district. It is in sanskrit language and written by Ravikirti a court poet of Pulkesi II. This is in both rose and poetry form, so it is known as Prasasti.It explains about the victories of Pulkesi II. Narmada Battle with Harshavardhana in which he was defeated, Kosala, Kalinga, Pishtapura and Kanchi are mentioned. He assumed the title Patheswara (i.e. Lord of India). It explains about the genealogy of the dynasty and the titles of Pulkesi II. Badami Inscription of Kirtivarmana I : This sanskrit inscription of Kirtivarman I is in Vishnu Cave at Badami. The Vishnu statue was installed by the king in the Sanctum (Garbagraha). At that time 16 Brahmins were honoured by the king. Narayana Bali system of cremation at the time of natural death is also mentioned here. Inscription of Kappe Arebetta : This is at Tattukoti near Badami discovered by John F. Fleet British Epigraphist in 1881.This is in Tripadi style of Kannada literature. It is in poetry form and in both Kannada and Sanskrit languages. The theme is nature of the people of Chalukya kingdom. It says they were good for good and bad for bad. They are great warriors fought without caring for their lives. Shri Akshara merur was the composer of the inscription. The time of the inscription is of 8th Century. Copper Plate inscription of Govind III (804 A.D.) : This inscription belongs to Govinda III of Rashtrakuta dynasty this is in three plates, the script of the plate is Telagu and Kannada, but the language is Kannada today the plates are in British Museum. The theme is once King halted on the bank of river Tunga and met a Shaiva saint at Rameswara. He granted land to him as token of respect. Satenahalli Inscription of Vikarmaditya VI : Satenahalli is in Hirekerur Taluk of Haveri district. it explains the titles of Vikarmaditya VI Samastahuvanashraya, Prithivavallabha. Kalyana was his capital. He captured Banavasi 12000, Nagarakhan-700 and Pergade. The leader of Kundageri village donated land for the expenditure of worship of Gundeswara temple. Other important inscriptions • Chandravalli inscription of Mayurvarma. • Malavalli inscription of Kadambas. • Banvasi Pillar inscription of Mrigeshvarma. • Gudnapur inscription of Kadamba Ravivarma. • Badami Cliff inscription of Pulkeshi I. • Yekkeri inscription of Pulkeshi II. • Kanchi inscription of Vikramaditya II. • Jura Prasasti inscription of Krishan III. • Wadageri inscription of Vikramaditya VI. Introduction of Numismatics : Numismatics means study of Coins, ancient coins are the valuable source which gives us historical information. Coins contain the name, date, emblem, figure of a king, and some coins gives information of Victories of a King. (Gautamiputra Satakarni restruck the coins of Nahapana after defeating him) coins reflect economic condition. Roman coins found at Devanahalli & Chandravalli reveals the trade relation. Important Coins : Satavahana’s issued golden coins Suvarna, Dinara, lead coins which bears legends & names of the king. Earliest Padma-Tanka issued by Kadamaba’s. Kadamba’s were the first to mint the Padma- Tanka coins. Gold & Silver coins also circulated during the Kadamba’s. Gangas of Talkadu minted golden coins Pagoda with Kannada and Nagari legends. Coins consist of the image of an elephant on the obverse and floral petal symbols on the reverse. Chalukyas of Badami were issued Gold & Silver coins Varaha, Pagoda, Huna (Honnu) Fana or fanam (old Kannada represent money). Varaha- Boar, Pagoda having the symbol of temple on the obverse lotus. Rastrakutas Coins : Suvarna, Gadyana, Dramma, Kalanju, Dharana, these coins contain the figures of God & Goddess & the names of the Kings,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Islanding Scheme Covering Bengaluru Metropolitan Area
    Southern Regional Power Committee Bengaluru Minutes of the Meeting to deliberate on Islanding Scheme for Bangalore, held on 16.02.2021 through WebEx. A meeting to discuss formation of Islanding Scheme for Bangalore was held on 16.02.2021 under the chairmanship of Member Secretary (MS), SRPC in on-line mode though WebEx. The list of participants is attached at Annexure-I. 2. MS, SRPC welcomed all the participants to the meeting. He informed the forum that in the meeting held on 28.12.2020, to review Islanding Schemes in the country, Hon’ble Minister of State (IC) for Power and New & Renewable Energy, Government of India directed that Islanding Schemes should be designed for all major cities of the country, including Bangalore. Accordingly, SRPC was directed to take steps for devising an Islanding scheme covering Bangalore area. Member Secretary pointed out that absence of embedded generation has been a major drawback to have islanding scheme in Bangalore. However, considering the economy-driving aspects of Bangalore, like IT sector, Medical companies, Laboratories, Defence installations, and metro rail, etc., it is sensible to design and put in place an apt Islanding scheme for Bangalore area so that all its major loads can be guaranteed to remain immune to external grid failures. 3. Then, Superintending Engineer (P&SS), SRPC presented the philosophy adopted in identifying the Islanding Schemes that are under operation in Southern Region (SR), and detailed the guidelines being followed to form Islanding. The salient aspects, as given under, were explained: Approved Islanding Schemes in southern region are non-adaptive in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Perspective (1000-1687 Ce)
    ISSN:2277-7881; IMPACT FACTOR :7.816(2021); IC VALUE:5.16; ISI VALUE:2.286 Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal: VOLUME:10, ISSUE:5(1), May:2021 Online Copy of Article Publication Available: www.ijmer.in Digital certificate of publication:http://ijmer.in/pdf/e-Certificate%20of%20Publication-IJMER.pdf Cover Page DOI: http://ijmer.in.doi./2021/10.05.68 Scopus Review ID: A2B96D3ACF3FEA2A Article Received: 10th May- Publication Date:30th May 2021 SOCIETY, CULTURE AND ECONOMY IN MEDIVAL ANDHRADESA – A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (1000-1687 CE) P.Ganga Reddy Research Scholar and Faculty Department of History, Government Degree College Nirmal Dist. Telangana State, India Abstract Historians earlier treated the medieval period of Andhradesa History as a great phase. It was so because, during this time, the whole country was divided into numerous regional states that were busy getting. However, recent studies have indicated that, though politically divided, India witnessed a growth of new and rich cultural activities in art, literature and language. In fact, some best specimens of temple architecture and Indian literature belong to this period. Thus, far from being emphdark, it may be treated as a bright and vibrant phase of Indian History. This research paper’s main objectives are to identify the various regional kingdoms that emerged during AD 1000 and AD 1687; examine the nature of the states; highlight the social and economic changes; evaluate the cultural activities; and more. Keywords:Social History, Cultural Identity, Princely States, Conquering Politics, State Craft Political Mobilization, Medieval Power Structure. Introduction Statement of Problem “Some have argued that as language is the medium of knowledge, that which comes in the form of language constitutes a text; since language is interpreted by the individual, the reading by the individual gives meaning to the text; therefore, each time a text is read by a different individual it acquires a fresh meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • HŒ臬 A„簧綟糜恥sµ, Vw笑n® 22.12.2019 Š U拳 W
    ||Om Shri Manjunathaya Namah || Shri Kshethra Dhamasthala Rural Development Project B.C. Trust ® Head Office Dharmasthala HŒ¯å A„®ãtÁS®¢Sµ, vw¯ºN® 22.12.2019 Š®0u®± w®lµu® îµ±°ªæX¯Š®N®/ N®Zµ°‹ š®œ¯‡®±N®/w®S®u®± š®œ¯‡®±N® œ®±uµÛ‡®± wµ°Š® wµ°î®±N¯r‡®± ªRq® y®‹°£µ‡®± y®ªq¯ºý® D Nµ¡®w®ºruµ. Cu®Š®ªå 50 î®±q®±Ù 50 Oʺq® œµX®±Ï AºN® y®lµu®î®Š®w®±Ý (¬šµ¶g¬w®ªå r¢›Š®±î®ºqµ N®Zµ°‹/w®S®u®± š®œ¯‡®±N® œ®±uµÛSµ N®xÇ®Õ ïu¯ãœ®Áqµ y®u®ï î®±q®±Ù ®±š®±é 01.12.2019 NµÊ Aw®æ‡®±î¯S®±î®ºqµ 25 î®Ç®Á ï±°Š®u®ºqµ î®±q®±Ù îµ±ªæX¯Š®N® œ®±uµÛSµ N®xÇ®Õ Hš¬.Hš¬.HŒ¬.› /z.‡®±±.› ïu¯ãœ®Áqµ‡µ²ºvSµ 3 î®Ç®Áu® Nµ©š®u® Aw®±„Â®î® î®±q®±Ù ®±š®±é 01.12.2019 NµÊ Aw®æ‡®±î¯S®±î®ºqµ 30 î®Ç®Á ï±°Š®u®ºqµ ) î®±±ºvw® œ®ºq®u® š®ºu®ý®Áw®NµÊ B‡µ±Ê ¯l®Œ¯S®±î®¼u®±. š®ºu®ý®Áw®u® š®Ú¡® î®±q®±Ù vw¯ºN®î®w®±Ý y®äqµã°N®î¯T Hš¬.Hº.Hš¬ î®±²©N® ¯Ÿr x°l®Œ¯S®±î®¼u®±. œ¯cŠ¯u® HŒ¯å A„®ãtÁS®¢Sµ A†Ãw®ºu®wµS®¡®±. Written test Sl No Name Address Taluk District mark Exam Centre out off 100 11 th ward near police station 1 A Ashwini Hospete Bellary 33 Bellary kampli 2 Abbana Durugappa Nanyapura HB hally Bellary 53 Bellary 'Sri Devi Krupa ' B.S.N.L 2nd 3 Abha Shrutee stage, Near RTO, Satyamangala, Hassan Hassan 42 Hassan Hassan.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoysala King Ballala Iii (1291-1342 A.D)
    FINAL REPORT UGC MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT on LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA III (1291-1342 A.D) Submitted by DR.N.SAVITHRI Associate Professor Department of History Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s Arts and Commerce College, Mysore-24 Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION South Western Regional Office P.K.Block, Gandhinagar, Bangalore-560009 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to Express My Gratitude and Indebtedness to University Grants Commission, New Delhi for awarding Minor Research Project in History. My Sincere thanks are due to Sri.Paramashivaiah.S, President of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I am Grateful to Prof.Panchaksharaswamy.K.N, Honorary Secretary of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I owe special thanks to Principal Sri.Dhananjaya.Y.D., Vice Principal Prapulla Chandra Kumar.S., Dr.Saraswathi.N., Sri Purushothama.K, Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff, members of Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s College, Mysore. I also thank K.B.Communications, Mysore has taken a lot of strain in computerszing my project work. I am Thankful to the Authorizes of the libraries in Karnataka for giving me permission to consult the necessary documents and books, pertaining to my project work. I thank all the temple guides and curators of minor Hoysala temples like Belur, Halebidu. Somanathapura, Thalkad, Melkote, Hosaholalu, kikkeri, Govindahalli, Nuggehalli, ext…. Several individuals and institution have helped me during the course of this study by generously sharing documents and other reference materials. I am thankful to all of them. Dr.N.Savithri Place: Date: 2 CERTIFICATE I Dr.N. Savithri Certify that the project entitled “LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA iii (1299-1342 A.D)” sponsored by University Grants Commission New Delhi under Minor Research Project is successfully completed by me.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology of Roman Maritime Commerce in Peninsular India
    C hapter V Archaeology Of Roman Maritime Commerce in Peninsular India The impact of Roman maritime commerce on the socio-economic fabric of Early Historic India has been the theme of historical reconstructions from archaeology Perhaps the most forceful projection of this theme was made by (Ghosh 1989:132) who says with regard to the urbanization of peninsular India that the ‘early historical period of south and south-west India seems to have had its own peculiarities. Though, as in neighbouring regions it originated in the midst of megaliths, its driving force arose not so much out of north Indian contacts as trade with the Roman World in the 1 St century B C , particularly resulting in the establishment of seaports and emporia. ’ Mehta (1983:139-148), also argues for Roman trade contact catalysing processes of urbanization in the Gujarat-Maharashtra region Ray (1987: 94-104) in her study of urbanization of the Deccan, points out that ‘ enormous expansion of inland trade networks in the subcontinent, coupled with increased maritime activity between the west coast and the Red Sea ports of the Roman Empire led to the rise of urban centres at vantage points along the trade-routes and in the peripheral. and hitherto unoccupied areas ’ Similarly, Sharma (1987) endeavours to build a case for widespread deurbanization in the subcontinent in the 3rd cenury A D caused, among other factors, by the collapse of Indo-Roman trade In the conclusion to his analysis of urban decay in India, Sharma (1987 180) says ‘ the Kusana and Satavahana urban centres
    [Show full text]
  • Karnataka and Mysore
    THE ECONOMIC WEEKLY October 22, 1955 Views on States Reorganisation - / Karnataka and Mysore K N Subrahmanya THE recommendation of the States 4 the South Kanara district except will show vision and broadminded- Reorganisation Commission to Kasaragod taluk; ness in dealing with the Kannada form a Karnataka State bring­ 5 the Kollegal taluk of the Coim- population of the area in question ing together predominantly Kan­ batore district of Madras; and will provide for adequate educa­ nada-speaking areas presently scat­ 6 Coorg. tional facilities for them and also tered over five States has been ensure that they are not discriminat­ generally welcomed by a large sec­ The State thus formed will have ed against in the matter of recruit­ tion of Kannadigas who had a a population of 19 million and an ment to services." How far this genuine, long-standing complaint area of 72,730 square miles. paternal advice will be heeded re­ that their economic and cultural pro­ Criticism of the recommendations of mains to be seen. In this connection, gress was hampered owing to their the Commission, so far as it relates one fails to appreciate the attempt of numerical inferiority in the States to Karnataka State, falls into two the Commission to link up the Kolar dominated by other linguistic groups. categories. Firstly, there are those question with that of Bellary. In There is a feeling of satisfaction who welcome the suggestion to form treating Kolar as a bargaining coun­ among the Kannadigas over the a Karnataka State but complain that ter, the Commission has thrown to Commission's approach to the ques­ the Commission has excluded certain winds the principles that they had tion of the formation of a Karoatal.a areas, which on a purely linguistic set before them.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Buddhist Sites in Karnataka
    International Journal of Academic Research and Development International Journal of Academic Research and Development ISSN: 2455-4197 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.academicjournal.in Volume 3; Issue 6; November 2018; Page No. 215-218 A study of Buddhist sites in Karnataka Dr. B Suresha Associate Professor, Department of History, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Chitradurga, Karnataka, India Abstract Buddhism is one of the great religion of ancient India. In the history of Indian religions, it occupies a unique place. It was founded in Northern India and based on the teachings of Siddhartha, who is known as Buddha after he got enlightenment in 518 B.C. For the next 45 years, Buddha wandered the country side teaching what he had learned. He organized a community of monks known as the ‘Sangha’ to continue his teachings ofter his death. They preached the world, known as the Dharma. Keywords: Buddhism, meditation, Aihole, Badami, Banavasi, Brahmagiri, Chandravalli, dermal, Haigunda, Hampi, kanaginahally, Rajaghatta, Sannati, Karnataka Introduction of Ashoka, mauryanemperor (273 to 232 B.C.) it gained royal Buddhism is one of the great religion of ancient India. In the support and began to spread more widely reaching Karnataka history of Indian religions, it occupies a unique place. It was and most of the Indian subcontinent also. Ashokan edicts founded in Northern India and based on the teachings of which are discovered in Karnataka delineating the basic tents Siddhartha, who is known as Buddha after he got of Buddhism constitute the first written evidence about the enlightenment in 518 B.C. For the next 45 years, Buddha presence of the Buddhism in Karnataka.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Affiliated Colleges College Slno College Address Town District Phone 01 Phone 02 Email Code 1 6001 Govt
    List of affiliated Colleges College Slno College Address Town District Phone 01 Phone 02 email Code 1 6001 Govt. First Grade College for Boys Kolar - 563 101 Kolar Kolar 9448703610 08152-222014 2 6002 Govt. First Grade College for Women Kolar - 563 101 Kolar Kolar 9448310292 9448551944 3 6003 Govt. First Grade College Bangarpet - 563 114 Bangarpet Kolar 9739601069 4 6004 Govt. First Grade College Bangaru Tirupathi Bangaru Tirupathi Kolar 8277490804 08153-277088 5 6005 Govt. First Grade College Behind BEO Office, Robertsonpet, 3rd Cross, KGF - 563 122 K.G.F Kolar 7204783372 6 6006 Govt. First Grade College Malur - 563 130 Malur Kolar 9886152726 9448562961 7 6007 Govt. First Grade College Mulabagalu - 563 131 Mulbagal Kolar 9886668896 8 6008 Govt. First Grade College Mulabagalu - 563 131 Mulbagal Kolar 9886668896 [email protected] 9 6009 Govt. First Grade College Srinivasapura - 563 135 Srinivasapura Kolar 9663701201 08157-246804 10 6010 Govt. First Grade College Vemgal - 563 101 Vemagal Kolar 9886632427 08152 246499 Smt. Danamma Channabasavaiah College of Arts, Commerce, 11 6101 Opp. to SBI Bank, Kolar Main Road, Bangarpet Bangarpet Kolar 9141814905 9060777990 [email protected] Science & Management Studies K.G.F Main road, near food godown, S.G. Kote post, Bangarpet - 12 6102 Alpha Degree College Bangarpet Kolar 9900023325 563 162 13 6103 K.G.F Frist Grade College Oorgam, K.G.F. - 563 120 K.G.F Kolar 9449730978 9449730798 14 6104 Sri Baghawan Mahaveer Jain Degree College Geetha Road, Robertsonpet, KGF - 563 122 K.G.F Kolar
    [Show full text]
  • Megalithic Astronomy in South India
    In Nakamura, T., Orchiston, W., Sôma, M., and Strom, R. (eds.), 2011. Mapping the Oriental Sky. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Oriental Astronomy. Tokyo, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Pp. xx-xx. MEGALITHIC ASTRONOMY IN SOUTH INDIA Srikumar M. MENON Faculty of Architecture, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected] and Mayank N. VAHIA Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India, and Manipal Advanced Research Group, Manipal University, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The megalithic monuments of peninsular India, believed to have been erected in the Iron Age (1500BC – 200AD), can be broadly categorized into sepulchral and non-sepulchral in purpose. Though a lot of work has gone into the study of these monuments since Babington first reported megaliths in India in 1823, not much is understood about the knowledge systems extant in the period when these were built – in science and engineering, and especially in mathematics and astronomy. We take a brief look at the archaeological understanding of megaliths, before making a detailed assessment of a group of megaliths in the south Canara region of Karnataka State in South India that were hitherto assumed to be haphazard clusters of menhirs. Our surveys have indicated that there is a positive correlation of sight-lines with sunrise and sunset points on the horizon for both summer and winter solstices. We identify five such monuments in the region and present the survey results for one of these sites, demonstrating their astronomical implications. We also discuss the possible use of megaliths in the form of stone alignments/ avenues as calendar devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)
    Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) LGR Version: 3.0 Date: 2019-03-06 Document version: 2.6 Authors: Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel [NBGP] 1. General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Kannada LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document: proposal-kannada-lgr-06mar19-en.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document: kannada-test-labels-06mar19-en.txt 2. Script for which the LGR is Proposed ISO 15924 Code: Knda ISO 15924 N°: 345 ISO 15924 English Name: Kannada Latin transliteration of the native script name: Native name of the script: ಕನ#ಡ Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-4 Some languages using the script and their ISO 639-3 codes: Kannada (kan), Tulu (tcy), Beary, Konkani (kok), Havyaka, Kodava (kfa) 1 Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) 3. Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It 3.1 Kannada language Kannada is one of the scheduled languages of India. It is spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka State of India. It is one of the major languages among the Dravidian languages. Kannada is also spoken by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly Multidisciplinary Research Journal
    Vol III Issue IX June 2014 ISSN No : 2249-894X ORIGINAL ARTICLE Monthly Multidisciplinary Research Journal Review Of Research Journal Chief Editors Ashok Yakkaldevi Flávio de São Pedro Filho A R Burla College, India Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Ecaterina Patrascu Kamani Perera Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Regional Centre For Strategic Studies, Sri Lanka Welcome to Review Of Research RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2249-894X Review Of Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial Board readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. Advisory Board Flávio de São Pedro Filho Horia Patrascu Mabel Miao Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania Center for China and Globalization, China Kamani Perera Delia Serbescu Ruth Wolf Regional Centre For Strategic Studies, Sri Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania University Walla, Israel Lanka Xiaohua Yang Jie Hao Ecaterina Patrascu University of San Francisco, San Francisco University of Sydney, Australia Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Karina Xavier Pei-Shan Kao Andrea Fabricio Moraes de AlmeidaFederal Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Essex, United Kingdom University of Rondonia, Brazil USA Catalina Neculai May Hongmei Gao Loredana Bosca University of Coventry, UK Kennesaw State University, USA Spiru Haret University, Romania Anna Maria Constantinovici Marc Fetscherin AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Rollins College, USA Ilie Pintea Spiru Haret University, Romania Romona Mihaila Liu Chen Spiru Haret University, Romania Beijing Foreign Studies University, China Mahdi Moharrampour Nimita Khanna Govind P.
    [Show full text]
  • Save Historical Heritage Programme at Halasi - 2011
    Introduction Aims and Objectives Year wise Programmes 2010-2011 – Nesaragi 2011-2012 – Halasi 2012-2013 – Uchagaon 2013-2014 – Chachadi 2014-2015 - Hukkeri Introduction India with its rich heritage and culture is the treasure house monuments. As footprints of civilisation and as the cultural property of our nation, it is the bounden responsibility of every citizen to preserve and protect the monuments for posterity. Aims and Objectives Following are the aims and objectives of the Save Historical Heritage programme. To create awareness about the significance of Historical monuments and cultural artefacts and the need to preserve the same. To fulfil the social responsibility of the preservation and protection of the cultural property of our nation. To channelize youth energy With this aim the Department of History has been actively involved in the protection of the monuments with its signature programme of Save Historical Heritage. Under the aegis of this programme students are taken to historical sites in various places in Belgaum district where monuments are housed. The monuments which are in bad shape and scattered are preserved. The fallen temple pillars, damaged inscriptions, wrecked memorial stones and broken sculptures are carefully unearthed and rearranged. Awareness is also created by arranging numismatics exhibition, visit to heritage homes like historic waades/mansions, museums housing ancient documents and manuscripts. Besides instilling patriotic fervour and a sense of pride towards our rich and varied culture among students, the save historical heritage programme enables the students and staff to fulfil institutional social responsibility by the preservation of our monuments to posterity. Year wise Programmes Save historical heritage programme at Nesaragi 2010-2011 Nesaragi, a tiny village situated in Bailhongal taluk of Belgaum district is an historical town full of temples, Jain Basadis and inscriptions.
    [Show full text]