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P P Layout 1 PROMISE& PROGRESSTHE SIDNEY KIMMEL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTER AT JOHNS HOPKINS THE TIME IS NOW From the Laboratory to the Clinic Personalized Cancer Medicine is Here 2010/2011 PROMISE&PROGRESS 2010/2011 VOLUME ONE Promise & Progress is published by The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Office of Public Affairs 901 South Bond Street 06 Suite 573 Baltimore, Maryland 21231 The Time is Now (410) 955-1287 Through the convergence of the latest technology William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D. and the best minds in the field, the Johns Hopkins Director Kimmel Cancer Center is leading the way in Amy Mone translating laboratory discoveries into remarkable Director of Public Affairs new therapies that target the unique cellular Valerie Matthews Mehl characteristics of each patient’s cancer. Editor and Sr. Writer [email protected] Vanessa Wasta Contributing Writer Michelle Potter Shaun Morris Editorial Assistants Joe Rubino, Keith Weller, Fred Dubs, Jon Christofersen, and Will Kirk Photography Joe Rubino Cover Photography MSK Partners, Inc. Design and Production CONTENTS ON THE WEB THE TIME IS NOW – CONNECT WITH US WWW.HOPKINSKIMMELCANCERCENTER.ORG 02 24 28 CANCER MATTERS, OUR NEW BLOG FEATURING Headline Makers In The News Philanthropy TOPICS FROM CLINICIANS, RESEARCHERS, The latest research from Noteworthy progress, Gifts and donations from PATIENTS, AND STAFF. the Kimmel Cancer Center new appointments and supporters help drive including a new “twist” in arrivals, and other translational research, CANCER NEWS REVIEW, MONTHLY PODCAST breast cancer and vaccines up-to-date cancer news. and fund the research FROM DIRECTOR WILLIAM NELSON that help to clear out projects that are being MEDIA CENTER, VIDEO AND PODCAST GALLERY leukemia cells. directly applied to patient care. P&P PROMISE & PROGRESS WEB EXCLUSIVES On the Cover: Dr. Rosalyn Juergens (L) and researcher Stephen Baylin (R) are @HOPKINSMEDNEWS moving discoveries to the clinic to the benefit of patients like Myra Thompson (C). SEARCH FOR JOHNS HOPKINS MEDICINE © 2011 The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins DIRECTOR’S LETTER FROM THE BENCH TO THE BEDSIDE The Time of Translational Research and Personalized Cancer Medicine TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH is a term we use to describe proposition, and it is insufficiently funded research that will rapidly have a clinical application. In cancer by public grants. Private donors have medicine, it is deemed so important, that the National Cancer made us the leaders in translational Institute devotes one-third of its budget to translational science. research because they have provided the A translational scientist myself, I cannot think of another time funding that has moved our discoveries in my career when we’ve had so many opportunities to use science to patient care. to improve the clinical care of patients. This is our decade. As you will read in As director of the Kimmel Cancer Center, I am particularly this issue, we now understand the genetic proud, because we are the indisputable leader in this area known landscape of cancer and the pathways as translational research. We own this piece. The genetic blue- these gene alterations use and corrupt to prints for cancer originated in our Center. Of the 100 cancers advance the disease. We have the technol- studied, 90 were done at the ogy to apply what we’ve learned to each “THE GENETIC BLUEPRINTS Kimmel Cancer Center, with patient’s unique cancer. The convergence FOR CANCER ORIGINATED basic scientists working side by of this technology with brilliant scientific side with clinical scientists to minds, and dedicated donors has brought IN OUR CENTER. OF THE uncover the cellular causes of us to a point now where we can begin to 100 CANCERS STUDIED, breast, brain, colon, pancreas, alter the course of cancer in ways we 90 WERE DONE AT THE and other cancers. These are could only imagine just a few decades ago. KIMMEL CANCER CENTER...” the discoveries that are bring- This is the time of translational research— ing us new ways to manage—to of discoveries that transcend the bound- control—cancer. We are truly on the precipice of something great. aries of the laboratory bench to make a This success has been fueled by the generosity of individuals, difference at the bedside. like Sidney Kimmel, groups like the Commonwealth Foundation, the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research, the Hodson Trust, the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute, the Avon Foundation, the Maryland Cigarette Restitution Fund, William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D. Giant/Stop and Shop, Safeway, and so many other people, corpo- Marion I. Knott Professor and Director rations, and foundations. High impact philanthropy has led us to The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive high impact science. Taking new ideas to the clinic is a costly Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins 2010/2011 PROMISE&PROGRESS 1 HEADLINE MAKERS THE LATEST RESEARCH from the JOHNS HOPKINS KIMMEL CANCER CENTER A PERSONALIZED GENETIC PROFILE FOR BRAIN CANCER Cancer Cell, April 15, 2010 A national network of cancer researchers has used personalized genetic profiling to predict an improved prognosis in brain cancer patients. The team, which included Kimmel Cancer Center cancer biology and epigenetics expert Stephen Baylin, M.D., identified a set of molecular changes in the brain cancer glioblastoma that correlates with better treatment outcomes. Working with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the team explored genetic and epigenetic alterations in 273 glioblastomas, a highly lethal form of brain cancer. (Genetic alterations change cell behavior by directly mutating its DNA. Epigenetic alterations change cell behavior by altering the chemical environment of its DNA.) “The ability to differentiate brain tumors based on their altered genetic code lays the groundwork for more effective treatment strategies, such as targeted drug treatments,” says Baylin, the Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research. The investigators identified a distinct subset of 24 glioblastomas with heavy areas of methylation, a process in which biochemicals called methyl groups are added to certain DNA sequences. Patients tended to be younger at diagnosis and had significantly longer survival times. In addition to the methylation, the cancers had distinct molecular features, including a high frequency of IDH1 gene mutations. “The depth and breadth of expertise in The Cancer Genome Atlas research network, combined with ever-improving genomic technologies, is generating remarkably detailed insights into cancer,” says NIH Director Francis Collins, M.D., Ph.D. Ongoing TCGA research projects are focused on genetic and epigenetic alterations in ovarian, lung, and colon cancers. This study was funded by the National Cancer Institute and grants from the Brain Tumor Funders’ Collaborative, the V Foundation and the Rose Foundation. IMMUNE CELL signals. When activated, they decide which transplant approach to curing sickle cell COMMANDER type of cell to change into to best do a disease and has spurred the development Immunity, June 19, 2009 necessary job. For example, Th1 cells help of three cancer clinical trials. Clinician In the world of cancer immunity, there fight cancer or viruses, Th2 cells help scientist David Loeb, M.D., is investigating are commanders and soldiers. Researchers fight parasites but also promote allergy whether blocking mTOR signaling can led by Jonathan Powell, M.D., Ph.D., and asthma, and Th17 cells help fight hinder cancer-originating stem cells in believe they have identified a commander. bacterial infections. sarcoma patients while Douglas They say an enzyme known as “Our work suggests that mTOR signal- Gladstone, M.D., and William Matsui, mTOR plays a crucial role in directing ing regulates the decision toward which M.D., are looking at mTOR inhibitors as immune soldier cells known as T-cells type of cell that T cells become,” Powell a treatment for mantle cell lymphoma. toward disease-causing offenders, says. “Without mTOR, T cells default to Ivan Borello, M.D., plans to use a mTOR making it a potential therapeutic become regulatory cells, so signals leading inhibitor in an attempt to preserve bone target to promote immunity in to the activation of mTOR are required to in multiple myeloma patients. diseases, including cancer. redirect the cells toward active immunity.” The work was supported by the National T cells come in several varieties and The research already has led to the Cancer Institute and the National Institute respond to a broad array of environmental development of a novel bone marrow for Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 2 PROMISE&PROGRESS 2010/2011 A NEW “TWIST” IN as oncogenic, one that if expressed when transplanted tumor,” Raman says. “And BREAST CANCER and where it’s not supposed to be, causes here we’re talking just 20 cells. There is Neoplasia, December 4, 2009 cancer because the molecules and path- something about these cells—something Working with mice, scientists have ways that once regulated it and kept it in different compared to the whole bulk of shown that a protein made by a gene check are gone. the tumor cell—that makes them potent. called TWIST may be the proverbial red “Our experiments show that TWIST is That’s the acid test—if you can take a very flag that can accurately distinguish cells a driving force among a lot of other players small number of purified “stem cells” and that drive aggressive, metastatic breast in causing some forms of breast cancer,” grow a cancerous tumor, this means you cancer from other breast cancer cells. says Venu Raman, Ph.D. “The protein it have a pure population.” Their findings build upon a growing makes is one of a growing collection of This finding – that TWIST is integral body of work suggesting that a rare markers that, when present, flag a tumor to the breast cancer stem cell phenotype – subgroup of cells, known as cancer stem cell as a breast cancer stem cell.” has fundamental implications for early cells, drive breast and other tumors.
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