Chapter 13 Take home quiz

1. The northern Christian humanists 7. 's religious crisis came to a head over his a. felt pessimistic about the future of humanity. growing belief that b. were sophisticated and realistic in their a. the Bible had passages which were expectations. contradictory. c. totally rejected the primacy of the b. even after leaving the , he still Church. recognized its legitimacy. d. doubted that education could solve the world's c. no amount of good works could satisfy God's problems. righteousness. e. championed the study of classical and early d. if God is all-powerful, why should he care about Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church. humans? e. there seemed to be no sure proof of God's 2. The author of Utopia, a satire on European existence. government and society, was a. Giovanni Boccaccio. 8. The early fifteenth century religious reformer who b. Desiderius . was burned at the stake was c. Thomas a Kepmis. a. John Wycliffe. d. William Shakespeare. b. Erasmus. e. . c. . d. John Calvin. 3. In his "philosophy of Christ," Erasmus emphasized e. John Hus. a. the role of priests. 9. For Luther, the only sure source of truth and the b. a strictly structured and hierarchical society. only reliable path of faith, other than justification, c. inner piety. was d. study of Classical Roman classics. a. the opinions of scholars. e. killing infidels and heretics. b. the decisions of church councils. c. the authority of the . 4. The religious reformer who "laid the egg that d. the Bible. Luther hatched" was e. the speaking voice of God himself. a. Savonarola. 10. The event that eventually led to Luther's break with b. Thomas More. the church was c. John Calvin. a. the Council of Pisa's declaration that maintained d. Desiderius Erasmus. the necessity of for . e. Ulrich Zwingli. b. the increase of Papal taxes on the German peasantry. 5. Popular religion in the and c. widespread sale of by preaching Renaissance was marked by . a. greater popular belief in the spiritual utility of d. the declaration that the German clergy must pay relics and indulgences. taxes. b. outbursts of church burnings to chase away e. the papacy's threat to remove the German "devil priests." emperor. c. efforts to do away with traditional beliefs and 11. Luther's pamphlet, The Babylonian Captivity of the practices of the Catholic Church. Church, d. the rise of several new neo-pagan, polytheistic a. attacked the sacramental system of the church. cults. b. outlined the doctrine of Luther in German. e. a turning away from religion in favor of c. explained the Lutheran liturgy. Renaissance humanism. d. attacked abuses of the Catholic clergy in north Africa. 6. The reforming religious organization of the late e. justified . fifteenth century that included both clergy and 12. The Edict of Worms laymen was a. contained Luther's refutation of Johann Eck's a. . accusations. b. Jesuits. b. expressed Luther's rejection of Pope Innocent I's c. Oratory of Divine Love. spiritual authority. d. Beguines. c. called Luther to appear before Emperor Charles e. Order of Erasmusnites. V to recant his "." d. made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire. e. led to Luther's forcible removal to Rome.

20. In the eastern part of his empire, Charles V faced a 13. Luther's ideas were spread primarily through threat to his power from a. his translation of the Bible into Latin. a. France. b. word of mouth by merchants. b. the Austrian empire. c. sermons. c. the League of Cambrai. d. imperial edicts and proclamations. d. Muscovy. e. German princes. e. the Ottoman empire. 14. The Peasants' War of 1524-1525 21. The Schmalkaldic War in Germany ended in 1555 a. was led by a radical ex-follower of Luther, with the . a. Battle of Mühlberg. b. furthered the spread of throughout b. Battle of Mohács. all of Europe. c. Peace of . c. as praised by Luther as it destroyed the great d. Diet of Augsburg. Catholic princes of Germany. e. Peace of Geneva. d. was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a 22. The Religious Peace of Augsburg settled the social revolution from below against God's Lutheran problem by adopting the principle that divine order. a. north of the Main river would be Lutheran, e. had no connection with any of Luther's ideas below it Catholic. and beliefs. b. each territory would hold elections to determine 15. Concerning the sacraments of the Catholic Church, its religion. Luther c. there would be religious toleration throughout a. accepted all seven. Germany. b. rejected all of them except and d. Protestants would accept the authority of the communion, or the Lord's Supper. papacy. c. claimed marriage as the only true sacrament. e. the ruler of each territory determined the d. eliminated extreme unction. religion there. e. eliminated only clerical celibacy. 23. Luther's ideas were most readily accepted in 16. At its outset, the in Germany was a. England. a. a rural phenomenon. b. France. b. largely an urban phenomenon. c. Italy. c. a movement with strong urban and rural d. Spain. backing. e. Scandinavia. d. only a minor quarrel among monks. 24. In the sixteenth century, Switzerland e. restricted to southern Germany alone. a. was unified under the rule of Maximilian in 17. Though Luther was condemned at the Diet of 1499. Worms, he survived because he was protected by b. was Europe's first unified republic. a. the Emperor Charles V. c. became Europe's greatest economic power b. a seven-foot Viking bodyguard. under the Swiss confederation. c. his abiding faith in Christ. d. was the principal source of religious books in all d. Ulrich Zwingli. of Europe. e. the Elector of . e. was made up of thirteen cantons, under the 18. Which of the following was not a central belief of leadership of wealthy bourgeoisie. Lutheranism? 25. Zwingli's interpretation of the Lord's Supper a. Justification is by faith alone. differed from Luther's in that b. Only two of the Catholic sacraments were a. Luther held to the Catholic belief in accurate and worth keeping. transubstantiation. c. God's word is found in scripture alone. b. Luther said that the ceremony was totally d. The pope is a false representative of Christ on symbolic. earth. c. Zwingli said the ceremony was only symbolic e. The sale of indulgences is a proper revenue and that no real transformation in the bread and source for a church. wine occurred. 19. Although Charles V had many adversaries, his chief d. Luther claimed the ceremony was only symbolic concern during his reign was and that no transformation in the bread and wine a. Henry VIII of England. occurred. b. Ludwig II of . e. Zwingli held to the belief called c. Charles XII of Sweden. consubstantiation. d. Francis I of France. e. Pope Clement VII. 26. The Swiss religious reformer who established the 33. England's Queen Elizabeth could best be described Protestant Reformation in Zurich was as a a. Melenchthon. a. pious Catholic. b. Hutter. b. fervent Calvinist. c. Zwingli. c. committed Lutheran. d. Servetis. d. passionate Puritan. e. Calvin. e. moderate Protestant. 27. The Anabaptists 34. Which of the following are among the chief a. opposed the practice of baptism. characteristics of John Calvin's reform movement? b. were not regarded as a political threat as they a. Calvin's acceptance of "justification by faith preached separation between church and state. alone" c. were founded by Conrad Grebel, beginning as b. and the absolute sovereignty of an elitist movement. God d. advocated adult baptism, and if they had been c. the belief that humans must obey secular baptized as children, a second baptism. authorities e. peacefully merged with the Calvinists and d. a belief in congregational church covenant Lutherans. e. a tolerance for all forms of Christianity but none 28. The Reformation in England under Henry VIII for other religions including Judaism. a. was triggered by Henry's desire to annul his 35. In Calvin's , leading a godly life would be marriage. evidence that you b. witnessed the complete transformation of a. suffered from overly severe toilet training as a Catholic doctrine. child. c. nearly ended with Thomas Cromwell's b. have already been chosen to go to heaven. mishandling of the treasury. c. are trying to earn salvation through good works. d. led to Parliament's formal leadership over the d. have been forgiven for your sins through Church of England. Christ's grace. e. was revoked by his son and successor, Edward e. are a good person. V. 36. In Geneva, the Calvinists 29. Millenarianism is the belief that a. imposed strict penalties for blasphemy and a. all Christians go to heaven. immoral behavior. b. all priests are impious. b. reformed the city with little opposition from an c. the end of the world is imminent. enthusiastic populace. d. private property among Christians is immoral. c. saw their reforms jeopardized by the execution e. the first millennium was to the second, of Michael Servetus. from the vantage point of the 16th century. d. withdrew the Ecclesiastical Ordinances in 1541. 30. England's break with the Roman church became e. granted religious toleration to all but Catholics. official with the passage of the 37. The Reformation changed conceptions of the family a. Act of Union. by b. Six Articles. a. substantially transforming women's subordinate c. Act of Toleration. place in society. d. Act of Succession. b. creating new career avenues for women outside e. Act of Supremacy. the home. 31. Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn ended when he c. extolling the superior state of marriage over executed her for celibacy. a. talking out against his reign. d. encouraging women to take more dominant b. . roles in religious life. c. bigamy. e. establishing exclusively Protestant nunneries. d. adultery. 38. The Reformation affected the development of e. infertility. education in Europe by a. broadly expanding Jesuit principles of higher education. 32. Mary I Tudor earned her nickname "bloody Mary" b. aiming Protestant schooling only at the nobility by persecuting and wealthier urban patricians. a. Anabaptists. c. eradicating all humanist influences in schooling. b. Protestants. d. expanding public access to primary schooling c. Catholics. and improving secondary schooling through d. Quakers. gymnasiums and ministerial training. e. Scottish rebels. e. the exclusive use of textbooks in Latin.

39. The Reformation successfully abolished all of the 45. In France, the politiques were following from the lives of Europe's Protestant a. heads of various religious and political factions community except for during the civil wars. a. indulgences. b. administrators in provincial towns, appointed by b. the celebrations of religious ' days. the king. c. taverns. c. those who placed politics ahead of religion in an d. clerical celibacy. attempt to end the wars of religion. e. monasteries and nunneries. d. advisors to Catherine de'Medici. e. always the chief ministers to the kings. 40. Loyola was the founder of a. the Capuchin Order. b. the Brothers of the Common Life. 46. The was all of the following except c. the . it d. the Swiss Brothers. a. was an acknowledgment that Catholicism was e. the . the official religion in France. b. expelled the Huguenots from France. 41. The Jesuit missionary who propagated Christianity c. recognized the rights of the Protestant minority. in India, Malacca and the Moluccas, and Japan, and d. was a political decision. who died just before reaching China was e. was an attempt to reduce religious violence in a. Ignatius Loyola. France. b. Thomas More. c. Matteo Ricci. 47. The greatest advocate of militant Catholicism was d. . a. Philip II of Spain. e. Dominic Guzman. b. Henry VII of England. 42. The Catholic Reformation's ultimate refusal to c. Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire. compromise with Protestantism was exemplified by d. Henry IV of France. a. Pope Paul III, who proved to be an ultra- e. James IV of Scotland. conservative in refusing possible changes within the church. 48. Philip II of Spain was ultimately unable to defeat b. the Roman and the creation of the a. France. Index. b. the Dutch Republic. c. the , at which moderate c. the Holy Roman Empire Catholics and Jesuits heard the Protestants d. the Ottoman Empire. proclaim their doctrines. e. Portugal. d. Pope Paul IV, a moderate pope who proposed to moderate all Catholic-Protestant disputes. 49. The importation of silver from the New World to e. none of the above Spain resulted in a. the Industrial Revolution. b. the Commercial Revolution. 43. The Council of Trent c. deflation. a. compromised with the Protestants on the d. stagflation. doctrine of Justification by Faith. e. inflation. b. agreed with most Protestants that there were only two sacraments. 50. Victory over the Spanish Armada at the end of the c. reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs against sixteenth century was achieved by the Reformation. a. France. d. asserted the importance of doctrine over ritual. b. the Holy Roman Empire. e. placed church councils above the authority of c. England. the . d. the Ottoman Empire. e. the Netherlands.

44. In France, the Protestant minority was known as a. Anabaptists. b. Huguenots. c. Calvinists. d. Bourbonites. e. Lutherans.