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(Phaleria Macrocarpa) TERHADAP MUKOSA LAMBUNG TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus Norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI ASETOSAL

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(Phaleria Macrocarpa) TERHADAP MUKOSA LAMBUNG TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus Norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI ASETOSAL EFEK GASTROPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) TERHADAP MUKOSA LAMBUNG TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI ASETOSAL SKRIPSI OLEH : KURNIA LAVINDA YUSFA NIM 151501247 PROGRAM SARJANA FARMASI FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara EFEK GASTROPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) TERHADAP MUKOSA LAMBUNG TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI ASETOSAL SKRIPSI Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Farmasi pada Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara OLEH : KURNIA LAVINDA YUSFA NIM 151501247 PROGRAM SARJANA FARMASI FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur yang tak terhingga penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian dan penyusunan skripsi ini dengan judul “Efek Gastroprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) terhadap Mukosa Lambung Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang Diinduksi Asetosal”. Pada kesempatan ini dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada Ibu Prof. Dr. Masfria, M.S., Apt., selaku Dekan Fakultas Farmasi USU Medan, kepada Bapak Dadang Irfan Husori, S.Si., M.Sc., Apt., selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah meluangkan waktu dalam membimbing penulis dengan penuh kesabaran dan tanggung jawab serta memberikan petunjuk dan saran selama penelitian hingga selesainya skripsi ini. Bapak Prof. Dr. Urip Harahap, Apt., selaku ketua penguji dan Ibu Marianne, S.Si., M.Si., Apt., selaku anggota penguji yang telah memberikan masukan, kritik dan arahan yang membangun kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Bapak dan Ibu staf pengajar Fakultas Farmasi USU Medan yang telah mendidik selama perkuliahan. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang tiada terhingga kepada keluarga Ayahanda tercinta Yusfadodi, S.Km., M.Kes. dan Ibunda tercinta Mulia Syukriyenti, AMKG yang telah memberikan cinta dan kasih sayang yang tidak ternilai dengan apapun, pengorbanan baik materi maupun motivasi beserta doa yang tulus yang tidak pernah berhenti. Adik-adik penulis, Rizki Fadhilla Yusfa dan Al Hafizh Yusfa serta seluruh keluarga besar yang selalu mendoakan iv Universitas Sumatera Utara dan memberikan semangat hingga selesainya penulisan skripsi ini. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Nabila Deli Syafarina Lubis yang menjadi rekan selama penelitian dan penulisan skripsi dan Salma Iradatillah yang senantiasa membantu segala proses selama penelitian dan menjadi penyemangat bagi penulis selama perkuliahan hingga selesainya penulisan skripsi ini, Aditya Waskita Jauhari yang juga selalu memberikan semangat dan doa sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Jihan Hafsah Lubis, Yuni Yusmaini Pjt yang berjuang bersama penulis selama masa perkuliahan, Pegi Tamara Dayanti, Sonia Agustin, dan Villa Yane Onira yang dari awal selalu memberikan doa dan menjadi penyemangat bagi penulis hingga selesainya penulisan skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa penulisan skripsi ini masih belum sempurna, oleh karena itu penulis menerima kritik dan saran demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi kita semua. Medan, 30 Januari 2020 Penulis, Kurnia Lavinda Yusfa NIM 151501247 v Universitas Sumatera Utara vi Universitas Sumatera Utara EFEK GASTROPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) TERHADAP MUKOSA LAMBUNG TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI ASETOSAL ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Penggunaan obat-obat antiinflamasi non steroid (NSAID) dalam jangka waktu lama dapat memicu timbulnya luka dan perdarahan pada mukosa lambung dan menyebabkan tukak. Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) adalah tanaman dengan sejarah etnofarmakologi yang panjang dan mengandung metabolit sekunder diantaranya flavonoid yang dapat meningkatkan produksi prostaglandin serta mengurangi sekresi asam, tanin yang mampu membentuk lapisan pelindung mukosa lambung. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek gastroprotektif dan dosis efektif ekstrak etanol buah mahkota dewa (EEBMD) terhadap mukosa lambung tikus putih yang diinduksi dengan asetosal. Metode: EEBMD diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. 35 ekor tikus jantan dibagi dalam 7 kelompok: kelompok normal; kelompok induksi; kelompok kontrol CMC-Na; kelompok kontrol positif; kelompok EEBMD 100; 200; dan 400 mg/kg bb. Seluruh kelompok diberikan perlakuan selama 7 hari kecuali kelompok induksi. Pada hari ke-6, tikus dipuasakan selama 36 jam, kemudian dinduksi dengan asetosal. 10 jam kemudian, hewan dikorbankan, diambil lambung untuk pemeriksaan parameter. Hasil: Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan EEBMD mengandung metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid, tanin, saponin, alkaloid, glikosida. EEBMD dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg bb terbukti dapat menurunkan jumlah dan skor tukak, memperbaiki sel epitel, menaikkan pH dan total asiditas lambung. EEBMD dosis 100, 200 dan 400 mg/kg bb memiliki efek gastroprotektif dengan persen inhibisi tukak masing-masing 39%, 40,61%, dan 50,59% yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan sukralfat, 44,98%. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa EEBMD dosis 100, 200 dan 400 mg’kg bb memiliki efek gastroprotektif pada tikus yang tukaknya diinduksi menggunakan asetosal dengan persen inhibisi yang sama dengan sukralfat. Kata Kunci: Phaleria macrocarpa, gastroprotektif, induksi NSAID. vii Universitas Sumatera Utara GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MAHKOTA DEWA FRUIT (Phaleria macrocarpa) IN ALBINO RATS GASTRIC MUCOSA (Rattus norvegicus L.) INDUCED BY ACETOSAL ABSTRACT Background: Prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause sores and bleeding in gastric mucosa and cause ulcers. Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is a plant with long ethnopharmacological usage history and contains secondary metabolites including flavonoids that can increase prostaglandin production and reduce acid secretion, tannins that can be used to protect gastric mucosa. Objective: The purposes of this experiment were to determine the gastroprotective effect and effective dose of ethanolic extract of mahkota dewa fruit (EEMDF) on gastric mucosa induced by acetosal. Method: EEMDF extracted by maceration method. 35 rats divided into 7 groups: normal group; induced group; control group CMC-Na; positive control group; EEMDF groups 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw. All groups were given treatments for 7 days except induced group. On sixth day, rats were fasted for 36 hours, then given induction of acetosal. 10 hours later, animal sacrificed, stomach taken for parameter examination. Result: Phytochemical screening show that EEMDF contains secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides. EEMDF 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw have been proven to reduce ulcer numbers, ulcer scores, repair epithelial cells, increase gastric pH, and total acidity. EEMDF 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw have gastroprotective effect shown by ulcer inhibitions were 39%, 40.61%, and 50.59% respectively, which were not significantly different from sucralfate, 44.98%. Conclusion: The results of this experiment could be concluded that EEMDF 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw had gastroprotective effects in rats that were induced by acetosal by the same ulcer inhibition percentage as sucralfate. Keywords: Phaleria macrocarpa, gastroprotective, induced by NSAID. viii Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN SAMPUL ............................................................................................ i HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ iii KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS .................................................. vi ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah ........................................................................................... 4 1.3 Hipotesis Penelitian ............................................................................................ 4 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................... 4 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................
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