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VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY THE MUSIC ACADEMY Instrumental Music Department

YUNLONG BAI Becoming popular: a case of Ulaanbaatar's night

Master thesis

Tapimas populiariu: Ulan Batoro nakties atvejis

Magistro darbas

Title of the study programme: Performing arts (6211PX027) Field of studies: MUSIC (C001)

Advisor: Dr. Gintare Vaitonyte

Kaunas, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SANTRAUKA ...... 3 SUMMARY ...... 4 INTRODUCTION ...... 5 Ⅰ CHINESE POP MUSIC...... 7 1.1. History and influence………………………………...... …...... 8 1.2 Chinese pop music Transformation…………………………………………...... 14 1.3 Popular Music Ulan Bator's Night Appreciation………………………………….....……....18 Ⅱ ELEMENTS OF POPULAR SONG...... 22 2.1.Part methodolog………………………………………………………………………...... 23 2.2 Research method………………………………………………………………………...... …25 RECOMMENDATIONS...... 34 CONCLUSIONS...... 35 REFERENCES ...... …...... 36 APPENDICES ...... 38

2 SANTRAUKA

Yunlong Bai. Tapimas populiarus: Ulaan baataro nakties atvejis / Tapimas populiarriu: Ulan Batoro nakties atvejis. Baigiamasis magistro darbas. Vadovas dr. Gintarė Vaitonytė. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2020 m.

Raktažodžiai: Kinijos populiari muzika, populiariosios muzikos elementai.

Tyrimo aktualumas: Populiariosios muzikos raidos tendencija įvairiose Kinijos šalyse, grojimo būdai ir kinų popmuzikų pokyčiai

Tyrimo problema: kinų populiari muzika yra ne kas kita, kaip perdarytos ir pakartotinai sugiedotos kinų liaudies dainos, tačiau liaudies dainos tampa populiarios tik pridedant keletą naujų elementų.

Tyrimo klausimai:

 lKokios dainos yra populiarios Kinijoje?

 lKuo liaudies dainos populiarėja?

 lKuri elementai yra pagrindiniai dainos populiarumui?

Tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti elementus, kodėl liaudies daina tapo tokia populiari Kinijoje.

Tyrimo tikslai:

 lIšanalizuoti, kokios dainos yra populiarios Kinijoje 2020 m.

 Apibūdinti, kaip liaudies dainos tampa populiarios.

 lSužinokite, kurie elementai gali padaryti liaudies dainą populiariu.

Tyrimo metodai:

 IteLiteratūros analizė

 Tyrimo analizė.

Tyrimo išvados:

Yra keli svarbūs kinų popmuzikos, liaudies muzikos, pop, roko, repo ir dramos tipai. Yra dvi liaudies muzikos rūšys. Senoji liaudies muzika turi ilgą istoriją, yra ir nauja liaudies muzika. Tai šiuolaikinės popmuzikos elementas, papildantis liaudies muziką, tokią kaip „Ulaanbaatar night“. Pagrindiniai kinų popmuzikos elementai yra pop elementai, klasikiniai elementai, dramos elementai ir etniniai elementai.

3 SUMMARY

Yunlong Bai. Becoming popular: a Case of Ulaan baatar's night / Tapimas populiariu: Ulan Batoro nakties atvejis. Master thesis. Supervisor dr. Gintare Vaitonytė. Vytautas Magnus University, 2020. Key words: popular music, elements of popular music. Relevance of the research: The development trend of popular music in various countries in China, the playing methods and changes of Chinese pop musicians The problem of the research: Chinese ’s popular music is nothing more than re-arranged and re-sung chinese’ s folk songs, but folk songs becames popular only when some new elements are added. The research questions:  What types songs are popular in China?  How folk songs become popular?  Which elements are the basic to do the song popular? The aim of the research: to uncover the elements, why the folk song became so popular in China. The objectives of the research:  To analyse, what types of songs are popular in China in 2020.  To describe, how folk songs become popular.  To find out, which elements can make the folk song popular . The methods of the research:  Literature analysis  Survey analysis. Findings of the research: There are several important types of Chinese pop music, folk music, pop, rock, rap, and drama. There are two kinds of folk music. The old folk music has a long history, and there is a new folk music. It is an element of modern pop music that adds folk music, such as Ulaanbaatar night. The main elements of Chinese pop music are pop elements, classical elements, drama elements, and ethnic elements.

4 INTRODUCTION Popular music originated in Europe, including all kinds of folk music, and its development style is not limited. It is constantly changing with the development of society. In the 19th century, with the rise of industrial civilization in European and American countries, a large number of agricultural populations entered cities, forming early industrial workers, and the urban population structure changed. The emerging cultural form that emerged among the working class and the middle and lower classes is early pop music. At that time, the musical themes reflecting nostalgia for hometown and nostalgia for rural life just expressed the state of mind and simple thoughts and feelings of those who lived away from home and loved ones and came to strange environments to survive. Early pop music came from black music. They strengthened their communication with white people by oral instruction and gradually formed a unique form of music, that is, popular music at that time. Popular music was developed in urban civilization. Compared with Western pop music, the history of Chinese pop music culture is relatively short. The origin and spread of Chinese pop music can be traced back to the 1920s. Western pop music gradually introduced to China and it began to affect people. A large number of outstanding music creators began to create popular music. The first stage of Chinese pop music must mention a leader of Chinese pop music-Li Jinhui. His "Drizzle" is China's first pop songwriting work. In the 1930s, China was in a political environment of internal and external problems. At that time, most of the music subjects were powerful songs full of revolutionary and rebellious content. Due to its thin, soft and lyrical characteristics, pop music could not meet the needs of the social environment at the time, and could not meet the needs of the people's resistance to the Japanese War and the revolution, making it almost impossible to develop in this period. After the liberation, due to the influence of the political economy and social environment at that time, the development of popular music in China was not smooth, and was even dismissed as "Very Popular". In particular, the "cultural revolution" for ten years imprisoned and restrained culture, making pop music disappear in for nearly 30 years. It was not until the reform and opening up that pop music began to rise gradually in mainland China. Due to the globalization of the economy and the spread of world music, the road to development of Chinese pop music is not smooth sailing. There are problems and bumps in the world, and even the scenes of the Chinese music market are mixed. The collection of relevant materials for the development of Chinese popular music, and also summarized several characteristics and problems for the development of popular music and future development trends. China's popular music has developed to this day, and the road to development has not been

5 smooth. The quality of professional pop music needs to be improved. Among them, "amateur" pop music also has many problems, so the long-term development of Chinese pop music is inseparable from the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture. We should hold a learning attitude towards Western pop music, and should not copy it. Adhere to an independent and independent character, professional pop music should strengthen the dialogue with "amateur" popular music, find their own shortcomings and problems in the process of dialogue, and thus learn from each other's strengths. Therefore, in the future development of Chinese popular music, we must find out more problems and actively deal with the problem. Chinese pop music is more vital to life and has a foothold in the international arena. Pop music is a type of music for profit, and it is quickly loved by Westerners because of its rich form and diverse style. Since the reform and opening up, because of the influence of European and American cultures, there are more and more pop music creators in China, but there are many "spoken songs". Therefore, China's popular music must begin to develop localized, which requires learning from the traditional Chinese folk music to make China's popular music more aesthetic. In this combination practice, we not only saw a lot of excellent works, but also saw the new direction of the development of popular music in the future. The diversification of the way music is played is based on the use of existing musical instruments. If piano music, violin music, accordion music, guitar, electronic synthesis music, etc., on the basis of traditional music, add modern elements to form a new performance. In this way, the way of playing can not only reflect our traditional cultural heritage, but also meet the public's aesthetic standards. The problem of the research: Chinese ’s popular music is nothing more than re-arranged and re-sung chinese’ s folk songs, but folk songs becames popular only when some new elements are added. The research questions:  What types songs are popular in China?  How folk songs become popular?  Which elements are the basic to do the song popular? The methods of the research:  Literature analysis  Survey analysis.

6 Ⅰ. CHINESE POPULAR MUSIC

In mainland China, there are many problems in popular music. At the same time, the value orientation of music is also gradually becoming commercialized, and the pursuit of interests is the goal without the artistic value. At the same time, popular music in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea also has a resistance to the Chinese popular music market, including blind imitation in the style of music. There are a certain number of musicians who are exploring the combination of national culture and modern music to develop richer and more diversified and do their best to promote it to the world. Chinese pop music is a music industry with huge commercial profits. It covers costume design, dance choreography, television, packaging and active marketing in Asia, especially in East Asia and Southeast Asia. With a guiding role. Now there is a style of Chinese pop music: Chinese style. Affecting the current Chinese pop music market, the style of music is rock pop rap music pop music. The Chinese style is based on the current popular music by adding Chinese elements. It is a great change in the arrangement of the entire music and has won unanimous praise from the public.

7 1.1. HISTORY AND INFLUENCE

Chinese pop music refers generally to Chinese songs, Mandarin songs, and Mandarin songs. It refers to popular songs sung in Mandarin, Mandarin, Mandarin, or other northern dialects. It is one of the commercial Chinese music types in Chinese pop music.It is mainly popular in mainland China, , Macau, , Malaysia, Singapore, and other common Chinese-speaking communities. It also has a certain influence outside the Chinese community such as South Korea and Japan.（baidu） Popular music appeared in mainland China in the 1930s, and it was transferred to Hong Kong and Taiwan after 1949. Since 1977, （baidu ）with the forerunner of opening up to the outside world, Hong Kong and Taiwan pop music has begun to enter the mainland [1] and has gradually become the core of Chinese pop music. In the 21st century, Chinese pop music in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Southeast Asia and the Mainland has formed a state of integration, penetration and mutual influence.Chinese pop music has also spawned Chinese pop stars with international influence such as Teresa Teng. In mainland China, there is a lack of originality in pop music, incomplete laws, rampant piracy, and vulgar music. At the same time, the value orientation of music is gradually becoming commercialized, and the pursuit of interests is lacking in artistic value. At the same time, European, American, Japanese, and Korean pop music also has a big impact on the Chinese pop music market, including blind imitation on the genre. A certain number of musicians are exploring the combination of national culture and modern music, developing more rich and diversified and trying their best to promote it to the world.（Zhou Liwen 2008） Chinese pop music is a music industry with huge commercial profits, covering fashion design, dance choreography, television, packaging, and active marketing in Asia, especially in East and Southeast Asia. It has played a role in the development of these industries. Plays a guiding role. （QQ Music） Chinese pop music has developed for a long time since ancient times, and has achieved certain results in various aspects. It is rare to be able to achieve such results in such a short period of time. Today, as the cultures of various countries spread, there are still many problems in the process of Chinese pop music growing up. The main performance is: Under the era of economic globalization, market competition is fierce, and people's life is getting faster and faster, under fast-paced living conditions. People need to enjoy themselves through music, which should have the nature of entertainment culture. This is the popular feature of popular music. Walking on the street, whether it is a store or a bar, there will be certain music to

8 attract people to shop. The music in these stores is mostly pop music, and here is the popularity of pop music. From ancient times to the present, with the development of science and technology, the media of popular music has also changed from “phonograph” to disk to MP3. The medium of communication has made people and contacts with popular music more and more convenient. This is the media of pop music, and the way people approach pop music is convenient, fast and fashionable. Another feature is fashion, some pop music is avant-garde, fashionable, this feature is closely related to people's lives. People can judge whether a person follows the trend of fashion by sharing the popular music they listen to.（Wang Siqi.2008） We are a generation that grew up in a musical atmosphere. Different from the old generation of Peking Opera, Pingju and model opera. As a child, Luo Dayou's singing voice shuttled through our campus, and Zhang Xueyou's love song sang in the voice of young people. In this way, under the influence of Chinese pop music, I have grown to this day. To this day, I can still hear Cui Jian, Fei Xiang, Tengger and so on from my parents' mouths, and we still talk about Cui Jian, Luo Dayou, Li Zongsheng, the Four Heavenly Kings, Leslie Cheung, F4 and so on. The most characteristic of modern music is pop music. Popular music has a short structure, popular content, lively forms, and sincere emotions. It is loved by the masses and widely sung or appreciated. These tunes and songs are rooted in the rich soil of popular life, and they are also called "popular music". Popular music originated in American jazz. This emerging music, with its unique way of playing (singing), refreshed the eyes and ears of the audience, made a sensation throughout the United States, and quickly spread throughout Western Europe. Today, the content of pop music is extremely extensive. The characteristics of instrumental works in popular music are: bright rhythm, relaxed and lively or lyrical and beautiful, a variety of playing methods, varied acoustics, rich colors, concise texture levels, small band size, and modern works mostly use electro-acoustic instruments. Popular songs are rich in life, lyrical, funny, and have a wide range of sounds. They are popular in style, smooth in tone, and easy to sing. The lyrics are mostly in the language of life, easy to read, and easy to be accepted and sung by listeners. Most of the singers are their own pop stars. There are different methods of voicing. They are not constrained by the vocal school. When singing, feelings are more important than sound skills. They are free and unrestrained, naturally kind and easy to resonate with the audience. There are indeed quite good singers and bands in the contemporary Chinese music scene. Younger male singers such as: Jay Chou, Wang Lihong, Pan Weibai, Eason Chan, Tao Yan, Fang Datong; female singers such as Cai Yilin, Yang Yilin, Zhang Huimei, Zhang Liangying, bands, groups: Mayday, SHE, Soda Green, FIR. In fact, there are still a lot of good singers and good music producers in China, but after all, pop music originates from the United States and is not China ’s “native characteristics”, so I think our music is still a bit genetically different from 9 Americans. s things. Therefore, when Jay Chou proposed the "Chinese style", it would be very popular, and "Nunchaku", "Dongfeng Po" and "Blue and White Porcelain" would be widely circulated. This is indeed a new idea for the development of Chinese music. Due to China's huge market, many domestic and even foreign singers have also begun to write and sing some "Chinese- style" songs. I think this kind of "follow the trend" actually has some advantages and disadvantages. Although it bears the sign of "Chinese style", the foundation of music is still outside. It is just that we grafted our own fruits on the big foreign trees and cannot form our own true music. But on the other hand, since it is from abroad, the possibility of external promotion will be great. With our own characteristics, the world will see a new kind of music to attract the world and promote our own. Stuff, out of our own musical path. （Zhanli 2005 ）I think this should be a relatively good method. But now we have to face another problem. Some media and some organizations are constantly doing things that affect the development of our country's music for the sake of interest. I think this is not just a matter of copyright, even the various drafts that follow. The show, in my opinion, is an influence on the development of music. Admittedly, the draft show did find many grass-roots talented singers out of life, but some people inevitably have many things that have a negative impact on music and society. Some singers have average singing skills, but rely on a lot of things that go hand in hand to win the favor of the public. This has certain adverse effects on music and society. And in the current Chinese music scene, singers are as strong as clouds, but none of them is truly in a dominant position, which will inevitably cause some confusion in the Chinese music industry. Therefore, I think that Chinese music should develop healthily and steadily on the basis of maintaining the current situation, be in line with international standards, and go global. As for the development direction of Chinese music, I think that as Wei Yuan, the first person in modern China, said: "Teaching and training with foreign skills is the key to controlling foreign players." Many popular artists in China are born overseas and have grown up overseas. After all, the western music education they receive is incomparable domestically, such as Wang Lihong and Tao Yan. Coupled with our country's increasingly close relationship with the outside world, I think we can first learn the direction of music development in developed countries and combine our national conditions, such as the celebrities from which the currently-rising draft shows have emerged, plus the continued popularity of online composition . Combining these status quo to get out of our own musical path. People receive information in a variety of ways, their values are complex, and their understanding of feelings is diverse. Therefore, we must pay attention to the differences between individuals according to the characteristics of popular music, make full use of the special characteristics of the era to understand popular music, and truly achieve music because of music in 10 a diverse environment.

(1) In the innovation of works: economic globalization, the mutual spread of national cultures today. National music culture has a certain influence on Chinese pop music. Among them, Chinese pop music works are also copying Western pop music. In the process of Western pop music spreading in China,（Wangyiyun music）how do we correctly view Western music civilization and apply foreign music culture to China through innovative methods? In music, instead of copying foreign cultures without thinking, it forms Chinese pop music without personality. (2) In the cultural aspect of the work: Creating a good pop music work requires the creator to have a broad vision and to return to the origin of the music in expression, and the music he creates can be melodic, smooth and touching. Most of these works have cultural connotations. This cultural connotation needs not only to be extracted from the world culture, but the most important thing is to correctly treat the culture of the nation. Musicians should create popular music suitable for China's national conditions, which needs to be combined with the times and socialities while also echoing the international. At the same time, musicians have to transfer their attention to the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. This is the way to spread Chinese pop music. Chinese pop music creation is an important aspect of the development of Chinese music culture. Although the development and upsurge of domestic pop music in the past 30 years is full of vitality, it also has serious inherent shortcomings, highlighting such problems. First, the disordered state of industry development still exists. （ baidu ） Due to historical and practical reasons, in the current environment of our country, the disordered state of the domestic pop music market still exists, some necessary industry norms, operating mechanisms and market order have not yet been perfected, there is no effective rule of law, and piracy is widespread. Secondly, deep theoretical research is still weak. Domestic popular music creation is deeply influenced by Hong Kong and Taiwan, coupled with the penetration of strong European and American cultures, the phenomenon of stealing and copying melody or rhythm is widespread, the original spirit is lacking, and theoretical research is still weak. Furthermore, there is still a shortage of talents in pop music creation. Popular music creation has been generalized under the promotion of Internet media. Most online singers and songwriters do not have solid professional singing skills and songwriting skills. In addition, the production facilities are poor. In terms of lyrics, tunes, music production, and recording synthesis There is room for further improvement. The content is generalized and flat, and the artistic connotation of music is not further explored. Some works even have obvious vulgar tendencies, vulgar lyrics, weird tunes, and swear words. The era background determines the development direction of pop music, and pop music also truly reflects the era background.

11 Therefore, the two influence each other and develop each other. Productivity is the decisive factor for music; in the face of reality and the development of China's actual national conditions, also meet the requirements of socialist cultural development. China's pop music creation in the past 16 years has both a strong national consciousness and an inclusive world, which has made it possible for it to enter the world culture. Although there are still many unsatisfactory paths on this road, the potential it possesses is undoubted. Chinese pop music comes from the public and will be owned by the public. The future is bound to be brilliant. From the cover to the birth of popular music in the original innovation period, to the creative style of folk songs, and to the diverse creative development models.（QQ music）Pop music has gone through three different development periods. In pop music, there have been feelings about the vicissitudes of life, determination to rise after failure, praises to the motherland, and rumors of beautiful love. After entering the 21st century, with the improvement and popularization of modern media technology, strong media such as the Internet and TV have become more and more involved in the dissemination of popular music, and the channels for the dissemination of popular music have become wider. Loved by pop music lovers. With the development of society, some singers and creators have increasingly deviated from the essence of music art in order to meet the needs of the commodity market. I think the following points should be changed (1). The choice of popular music in genre, theme, and capacity is more extensive, and it strives to reflect the spirit of the times, campus culture, people's style, and establish the idea of ​ ​ serving the masses of literature and art. (2).The composer's creation should be committed to the rich cultural heritage of the nation, relying on elements of traditional Chinese folk music, exploring the use of various elements such as poetry, and constantly innovating popular music of the nation, broadening the creative path, and using western music forms as Blueprint, rational use of creative skills, and constantly improve the level of creation. (3).I hope that the music education and theoretical literature circles will strengthen the investigation and research on the theory, aesthetics, history, and social status of popular music, disseminate popular music creation skills and theoretical guidance, and encourage college students and social music lovers to create ideas The works are elegant, can fully reflect the essence of Chinese culture, show noble sentiments, give them a platform to show themselves, and organize activities such as "Chinese recitation. Ancient divine charm". (4).The word writer creates charming lyrics, with a poetic mood and easy to understand, and rich and strong feelings are infectious. Pop singers must not only work hard on technology, but more importantly, on artistic processing, a good The is not how good your singing skills are, 12 but his own emotional investment in understanding the song and his overall improvement in quality. (5).Singers should not have singing limitations. The formation and development of each singing technique must have its own science. No matter what singing technique the singer uses, a piece of romance can be used according to the needs of the musical work. This singing technique better shows the connotation style of the musical work itself, who is the best. With the rise of the cultural industry in China, music as the forefront of culture, the music industry is also rapidly forming. The US audiovisual industry has surpassed the aerospace industry and ranks first in export trade. New York University's Music and Romance Career Department specializes in "music business" and offers knowledge and a master's degree. Music is becoming more and more obvious as a cultural commodity. Under such a social environment, how to make China's popular song creation and performance not only keep in close contact with social fashion in terms of content and form, but also close to life, popular, and timely render the emotions of modern people. Advantages, without losing reason in the bid for new innovations, better use of the advantages of the technology of the times to spread art, but not dominated by the commodity market, losing the artistic value of music.

13 1.2 CHINESE POP MUSIC TRANSFORMATION

(1) Foreign culture Pop music is a kind of civilian music, expressed as a civilian culture. In terms of appearance, it is more suitable for the general public. It can be enjoyed anytime, anywhere, unlike other musical forms, limited by the venue. At the same time, popular music is a kind of "fast food music". This is one of the characteristics of popular music. Popular music is abstract. It can't be touched and can only listen. It has a more avatar-like form. China's personality and Chinese cultural connotation are the center of Chinese popular music. The enthusiasm J is venting. The more competitive and more layered pop music is the traditional culture of China. The development trend of China's future pop music will also be around. Chinese traditional culture is unfolding. Chinese pop music should come from the traditional Chinese culture. European and American pop music is a new type of music developed along with the Western industrial revolution. Its main components are: blues, jazz, rock and roll, country music and so on. The flow of music from Europe and the United States occupies an important position in the history of world music, which also represents the high value of pop music in Europe and America. In the future, the development trend of Chinese popular music should be: 1. absorb the development elements of popular music in Europe and America; 2. inherit the ancient Chinese music culture tradition; 3. absorb the reference and integrate the secular aesthetics of today's Chinese.（Chen Xiaomin 2007） (2) Tradition and contemporary The secular music of ancient China contained three aspects: folklore, secular, and popular. It has several artistic features such as being approachable, soft and lyrical, and easy to understand. Chinese folk music is a traditional folk music played or accompanied by traditional Chinese instruments through solo or ensemble. Chinese folk music has been well inherited and developed in modern China, and the representative figure is Zheng Zhenduo. Popular music on the material also has many factors of Chinese folk music. Although it has also incorporated many Western music materials, the national color is strong. Chinese pop music can also be called popular music, while ancient Chinese pop music is the secular music of "Zheng Weizhi, , and China's modern pop music is the crystallization of inheriting my folk music and absorbing European and American pop music. . Therefore, the future development trend of Chinese pop music should be based on the prevailing traditional Chinese folk music and Chinese traditional culture, and draw on the popular music elements of Europe and the United States. The official rise of pop music was after 1978. At that time, people held two different attitudes to pop music: one considered that pop music was extravagant and difficult to be elegant, and the other thought that pop music reflected love and ideals and could enter people's vision. In the early 14 days of reform and opening up, most people did not accept pop music very much and paid insufficient attention to their theories. Pop music is still in a critical state.However, the sound of criticism prompted people to pay more attention to rational music, which brought great practical significance.Since the mid-1980s, with the continuous changes in the social environment and the continuous openness of people's thinking, the criticism of pop music is no longer under criticism, and most people can view pop music objectively and rationally. During this period, people were very popular with pop music. With more and more attention, and gradually getting out of the misunderstanding that pop music is a "swept voice", pop music has started to develop in the right direction. When popular music was introduced to China from the 1920s, it was mainly to interpret the music types of European and American countries. It was not until the Chinese composer Li Jinhui wrote the first popular song "Mao Yu" in 1927. Began to evolve slowly. In the 1930s, in addition to popular music, there were some types of European and American music such as jazz, blues, and blues in Shanghai, but these could not represent the main style of Chinese popular music. Until the 1980s, Chinese pop music began to establish its own genre, mainly light music and songs, of which songs were the main part. Among the songs, the types of music are divided into different types, including pop songs, folk songs, rock and Northwest style. These four types of music lay the foundation for the further development of Chinese popular music in the future.A large number of popular songs appeared in the 1980s, and many outstanding singers also appeared. Some are still active on the contemporary Chinese pop music stage, such as , Na Ying, Zhang Xinzhe, Li Zongsheng and so on. Folk songs were a type of music that had just risen at that time. After the rise, folk songs were welcomed by the majority of the audience. The school songs among the folk songs were especially popular with the public, such as the song "You at the Same Table." "Childhood" is also a popular classic ballad. Later these songs almost became synonymous with the spiritual sustenance of campus life and campus love. In 1986, at a popular singer concert, Cui Jian began a revolutionary influence. His rock work "Nothing" pioneered the pioneer of music. This straightforward expression also made it the first person in mainland Chinese rock; The Northwest wind is a trend in the Chinese singing scene in the 1980s. Most of the works are based on the traditional culture of the inland Northwest region, and the main content is singing the yellow earth. This has brought the mainland's original songs to an unprecedented peak of development, and a number of emerging Really representative works, the main representative works are "Loess Plateau Slope", "Go West", "Gully Valley" and so on. Early pop music established music types such as folk songs, pop songs, and rock. With the further development of popular music, its form has become more liberalized, showing a variety of expressions. Songs include not only solo, but also duet, chorus, etc. The most famous singers of 15 the 1990s should belong to Hong Kong's "Big Four Kings"-Zhang Xueyou, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok, and Liming. Four superstars became the dream lover and super idol of many in the 1990s. The expression of popular music at this time was more broad and free, and the intensity of free integration was greater.For example, Jacky Cheung ’s singing is the best, Andy Lau ’s singing and acting combination, Guo Fucheng ’s singing and dancing combination, Liming singing and film and television works are all recognized by the audience. Their success reflects the trend of free integration of Chinese pop music from another angle. And trends. The free way of pop music in the 1990s is also reflected in the classification and integration of different categories of music. After the integration, it shows more aesthetic artistic performance effects, such as combining pop music with dance, so that the beauty of dance and pop music can be better expressed. The performers who combine song and dance mainly include Li Yan, Cai Yilin, etc .; In addition, Combining popular music with film and television dramas is also a way of classification and integration. For example, many movies and televisions combine popular music with film and television dramas to achieve perfect infection. At the same time, band performance is also an integral part of popular music. Classical bands Many songs of the Beyond band have become classics. For example, "I Love You" describes the greatness of mothers, "Sea Wide Sky" describes the pursuit of dreams, "Glorious Years" praises the black president Mandela and so on. The integrated music category has further explained the profound connotation of popular music. 2008 was an unusual year for China. This year, China hosted the Olympic Games for the first time and inherited and carried forward the "Olympic Spirit". The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12 sorrowed the whole country, but created the spirit of earthquake relief. Among these major events, because of its unique artistic appeal and powerful communication ability, popular music played a pivotal role in the transmission of spirit and the promotion of national cohesion. Wu expressed his condolences to the victims of the Wenchuan earthquake in and prayers to the trapped. On September 3, 2015, in order to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, China held a grand military parade in Tiananmen Square. On the evening, General Secretary Xi Jinping and the heads of state of foreign countries together appreciated the victory commemoration party. During this party, we heard a large number of newly created musical works. "Strong Army Warsong" is a prominent example. This song, composed by Yin Qing and composed by Wang Xiaoling, played an important role in creating a cultural atmosphere for in-depth study, propaganda, and implementation of the party's goal of strengthening the army under the new situation. This song used its magnificent melody and passionate rhythm to express the firm determination and lofty aspirations of the three army officers and soldiers of the Armed Police Force, keeping in mind the goals of the strong army, firm belief in the strong army, and appearance in the practice of the strong army. 16 As a result, actively spreading positive energy works in contemporary Chinese pop music has deep meaning. The so-called positive energy gives people upward, gives people hope and pursuit, and makes people's motivation and emotional expression more intuitive. People live in happiness and sunshine every day, which is beneficial to the development of human society. Positive energy songs can resonate emotionally and inspire people to move upwards. This kind of songs in line with the main theme of society will be chanted all the time.

17 1.3 Popular Music Ulan Bator's Night Appreciation

"Ulan Bator Night" was originally a song written by the Mongolian band "Genghis Khan" in 1985. This is a classic folk song that Mongolians are familiar with. "Ulaanbaatar's night is so quiet and quiet, and the young people who meet each other are so leisurely." "Ulaanbaatar is so quiet and quiet at night, the two people who met each other had a good conversation." The future is The warm and quiet Ulaanbaatar in the lyrics of "So Beautiful" fully reflects the beauty of Ulan Bator's night and the love of the author. (2016, Baidu entry) This song was performed by Tan Weiwei in collaboration with Hangai Band in the 2015 "" group competition. Personally, I think Tan Weiwei's interpretation of this song is perfect. Whether it is skill or emotion, it is because a song is moved, it can move many people, and Hang Gai gives the song the soul of the song. Working together to complete a song, how many people moved that night? Tan Weiwei once said that this song was designed to miss the late father. She stayed up late at night before the group discussion, modified the lyrics, and incorporated all the ideas about her father into the song. Speaking of Tan Weiwei and her father, it is necessary to start with "Super Girl Voice" in 2006. Tan Weiwei is also famous for participating in the "Super Girl" in 2006 and the 7-5 competition in the Chengdu Division. Tan Weiwei gave up her folk songs and chose "Like You" dedicated to the late father. In an interview, Tan Weiwei's cousin once recalled that he was a very great and kind father. Tan Weiwei was found to have cirrhosis. He was only 6 years old at the time and he had been taking drugs. Facing a turning point in Tan Weiwei's third grade life, his father's only wish was to get her into college. Tan Weiwei himself recalled: In order to make money to pay my tuition, he went to transport and pull aluminum blocks every night. Arrived in Chengdu early in the morning. It turns out that the weight of 120 kg is only over 90 kg. Good times didn't last long. In order not to disappoint his daughter, in 1996, his family reunited with his family in the New Year. He moved from the hospital to the town and returned home on a bumpy road. "You have been with me for many years, and you are still by my side; your smiling face that day, and now you can still close your eyes, I can still see it." Therefore, Tan Weiwei added this sentence at the beginning Enough to make her feel sympathetic to my father's thoughts! When singing the lyrics, everyone remembers different people, but these people are our regrets. "In the wind of the wilderness, you have to walk slowly" "Floating in the sky towards the clouds, you have to walk slowly" "The night of Ulan Bator is so quiet and quiet that the wind cannot be heard." "Night of Ulan Bator" is so quiet , Even quiet, not even Yun! "This sentence expresses our father's nostalgia. We all dream about where people will go after we leave, we all say that good people will go to heaven, so Feng Weiwei can communicate with her. But Ulan Bator's night is so 18 quiet, There was no wind, not even the dark clouds! She made "Ulan Bator Night" sad. "Hey, you are here!" You are in every corner of this world! "Hey, you are here!" This is a new conversation between Tan Weiwei himself and his father. Dimensions! You don't need to express yourself, here it is! Guy's chanting voice was as warm and teary as Tan Weiwei was talking to his father. After singing the songs from "I'm a Singer", the reporter asked Tan Weiwei why he was so excited on the stage, so that the last sentence was choked. Tan Weiwei said: "Since participating in" I am a singer ", The song is not particularly uncertain, but this song is very firm, because this song is a gift from my father. As soon as the Hangai voice came out, it was like talking to his father. Ulan Bator by night. Tibetan singers sing Mongolian songs, the band's Humai and long tunes, plus matouqin, are full of ethnicity and a little religious and ethereal and sacred. To be emotional, the addition of ethnic elements makes the artistic conception more distant; as mentioned above, the feeling of passing through the wind, passing through the clouds, and passing through everything; singing the nation, and the memory of my father has sublimated again. In general, it is mood + emotion. And the later arrangement also added rock and roll, but it makes people feel quiet, and can calm down and feel. The final comprehensive feeling is: resonance. Very strong resonance. Old days. The feeling of this song will not be as immersive as Ulaanbaatar, because the proposition of "Old Times" is often understood by people who have had a certain period of time, and this perception will not be too deep On the contrary, like the melody of this song is so bland but a bit desolate. Feeling suitable for listening quietly is not suitable for live performances. But Tan Weiwei joined an adaptation of Soviet music and bel canto. Bel Canto singing is a kind of metallic, resonating sound quality, both rigid and soft but mainly soft. Adding Bel Canto to this mediocre past seems very operatic, and it makes the climax ups and downs but it's still very soft. It feels to me that recalling the past is like watching an opera. Emotional resonance, I think the premise is "intersection of emotions". Most people's emotions are stingy and individual based. Many people are willing to share the popular love songs of love; songs with some philosophies of life are generally easy to be loved; more profound national cultures, or some obscure philosophical meanings, or ethereal and sacred beliefs, Don't say it's hard to spread, it might be hard to even listen to resonance. The fusion of various types of music in technology sings new tastes in national songs; and emotionally, expresses individual emotions with national music (such as the nostalgia expressed in the past and the feelings of the dead father expressed by Ulaanbaatar), It is easier for the public to have emotional intersection and resonance. More importantly, several attempts at adaptation effects have reflected her cultural knowledge, as well as her thinking and attitude towards music. (1) Use folk music melody to create popular songs Covering the traditional folk songs and folk songs that have been passed down is an effective 19 means of applying ethnic music elements to popular music, which can fully display traditional folk songs in the form of popular music. Integrate the essence of national culture and do popular music creation. For a long time, people have been influenced by traditional closed thinking, and put traditional folk music and modern pop music at an opposite angle. The modern progressive thought theory has gradually penetrated into people's lives, making people blur the boundary between traditional national music and modern popular music. It can be said that traditional national music and modern pop music are in line with the development trend of history, and then merged into one another, forming a relationship of mutual integration and dependence. It should be noted that modern pop music is not just a simple form of expression, but must be built on the basis of being recognized by the public and requires higher social recognition. Modern pop music creation skills, traditional folk music can also be used, many popular folk songs are currently trying this. And the cultural connotation of crossing national music is very deep, and the creation of popular songs can fully draw on the essence of national culture. This is the only way for pop music to merge with national music. For example, the modern pop music "Ulan Bator's Night" borrows traditional folk music and adapts it. Tan Weiwei is refreshing and feels the great charm of the combination of folk music and modern songs. Therefore, in this way, the essence of traditional national culture can be absorbed, and the original colors of national music can be better used in the creation of popular music, and the common development of national music and popular songs can be promoted. （2）Popular music creation with the help of folk opera arias As we all know, the drama art is the crystallization of China's traditional national art, which contains a variety of cultural and artistic elements, and the combination of popular songs and opera elements is also an important form of expression to promote the development of popular music. Applying folk music elements to the creation of modern popular songs, if it is from the perspective of opera, it is to use pop music and modern singing methods to express the traditional opera art, which is conducive to promoting the development of opera art. From the point of view, the creation of modern popular music songs with the help of folk opera arias can provide new elements for the creation of modern popular songs and further promote the development of modern popular music. For example: "Drunken New Concubine", this song is deduced from the aria of the national opera, with a strong flavor of the opera, is the best embodiment of the integration of traditional national music and modern pop music, and is loved by people. Modern pop music is more popular in music content, singing and melody. Applying traditional folk music elements to modern popular music can make popular songs gain the audience's approval, collide with ideas, and meet people's requirements for songs. Therefore, the 20 application of traditional folk music elements in modern pop music songs can continuously enrich the connotation of pop music and promote the development of modern pop music.

21 Ⅱ.ELEMENTS OF POPULAR SONG

Popular music has been popular since the 1930s, and it has been more than half a century. Generally speaking, western popular music can be divided into three major pieces: jazz, rock and country music, each with its own development and evolution process. The Chinese elements in Chinese popular music have an increasing trend, such as the emergence of opera elements and classical elements in popular music, which has made China's popular music have developed even more. Chinese elements, a "Chinese style" in popular music since the 21st century. With the help of this element, musicians with different musical styles jointly expressed a tendency to move closer to traditional Chinese elements, making pop music a unique Chinese style. Chinese style is also a classic element in Chinese pop music Classical elements, there are many songs in popular music that contain classical meanings. They often use traditional imagery techniques, melancholy and elegant moods, and poetic pictures to create a beautiful classical beauty. These songs not only have a great help in improving students' music appreciation level, but also promote the development of literary level and thus train students' artistic intuition and perception ability, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of music teaching- improve students' artistic accomplishment. The elements of opera, Peking opera and pop music were completely unrelated in the past, each has its own singing method, and has its own melody. Peking opera and pop music hit a spark, from Tao Zhe's "Susan Said" to Wang Lihong's "In Meibian" , And then to Chen Sheng's "One Night in Beijing", in recent years, popular music has played the national style of Peking Opera, introducing elements of Peking Opera into popular music. In the music, including soundtrack, singing, and clothing, to open up another new style of music!

22 . 2.1. part methodology

33 sources were used for the analysis of scientific literature. Information was sought from books, the Internet, and scholarly Document Analysis articles to identify the causes of students' stressful reactions to public appearances and psychological support.

Choosing research methodology, forming Prepare for interview questions, searching for research qualitative research questions and interview questions

It is planned to interview 12 teachers (music Interviewee Interview schools, general education schools, music gymnasium)

Data analysis and Descriptively summary

Formulation of conclusions that would Presentation of answer the 3 challenges and conclusions recommendations.

Figure 1 Overall research process (written by the author)

Choice of research methods. In order to find out what kind of psychological support the teacher chose, the interview method was chosen after recognizing the needs of those who were preparing to show up publicly. Each teacher can choose different support methods based on their own experience, so researchers believe that the method can provide relevant and useful information. Data collection The survey was conducted in 2020. (The theoretical part is prepared from

23 October to January, and interviews are conducted in (-) months). Each interviewee was interviewed and kept confidential. Before the interview, the study was briefly and clearly explained, and the purpose and intent of the study were explained. Interview participants are guaranteed to attend the interview anonymously. The duration of each interview is different, with an average duration of approximately (1 hour?) (Minimum? Minutes, maximum? Minutes). data analysis. Process the research data obtained through content analysis methods (using quotation marks to describe and explain the respondents' thoughts). To reveal various teaching psychological support methods (using empirical research, which is a semi-structured interview method). As described by Telešienė (2012), structured interviews are based on a plan to identify specific issues and their consistent representation. In structured interviews, the questions asked to the study participants did not have any prior or expected answers, giving them the freedom to formulate their own answers. Research instruments. Interview questions are formulated in a consistent and targeted manner to answer research questions. During the interview, eight questions were asked to the interviewees (see Table 4), and their answers were recorded on a recorder and then transcribed. Three research questions were raised to satisfy the purpose of the job (revealing how educators recognize the needs of learners and their psychological support) and tasks (defining social skills, defining the development of social skills, and revealing the details of social skills of ensemble members). Links to interview questions later. (See Table 1)

24 2.2 research method 200 people were surveyed as follows

1 What is you relation to music

Pic. No.1 What is you relation to music Among the people surveyed, there are 30 musicians, 20 music teachers, 100 music lovers and 50 music commentators. Popular music is an important issue in social and cultural life. Popular music review is an important academic growth point, but the results are not many. Professional music criticism rarely pays attention to popular music. Although "amateur" popular music criticism is a clamor, it is not deep enough and lacks the analysis of musical ontology. Even so, popular music criticism is the most critical criticism of music. Popular music reviews need to introduce modern academic discourse to promote the construction of a modern cultural system. In the survey of Chinese popular music phenomenology, research must be conducted from various fields, which can be divided into music majors and non-music majors. Pop music is suitable for the general public, so I found most music lovers in the survey

2 Do you like listening to pop music 25 Pic. No.2 Do you like listening to pop music Among them, 159 people chose to like it, 30 people chose to listen occasionally, and 11 people chose not to like it. Pop music is already a necessary flavoring agent in the lives of modern people. Pop music is inseparable from life. Good pop music can enhance people's happiness, and can make you more happy, especially when you are in a good mood, the concert enhances your happiness and makes you happier. Pop music can also make people calm, choose the right music, and listen quietly. It can make your impetuous and irritable mood slowly calm down. People need to calm down new times in order to think about things better . Of course, you have to choose more soothing and soft music. The lyrics in the song can also make you find resonance in your life, or empathize.

3 You like to listen to Chinese pop music.

Pic. No.3 You like to listen to Chinese pop music. Most people choose to like it. The development of Chinese pop music has been around for more than 70 years. Although there are some shortcomings, it is still liked by many people. The taste of famous people can still resonate with most people. Moreover, the development of Chinese

26 popular music is now on the music platform YOUTOBE QQ music and other various music platforms. The click volume is also very high. It can be seen that it is also loved by music lovers in many countries.

4 Why do you like a pop singer for what reason

Pic. No.4 Why do you like a pop singer for what reason There are 75 people who like to listen to the singer's voice, 30 people who like style, 34 people who like appearance, and 61 who like emotional input Like pop music is diversified. With the development of pop music nowadays, a certain type of singers are not fixed by everyone. The ears of public listeners are also picky. They will like a song or a singer for various reasons. People of different ages like different singers. Singers who make music with heart have many platforms to show, and now is the era of information network, music lovers, musicians behind the scenes will also have many opportunities to let the public know. So now there is often a phenomenon that is a very popular song of this period, with a high degree of singing, most people can sing, but do not know who the singer is. Because the singer is not a star we are familiar with. But good songs can still be known to the public. This is the charm of pop music.

5 Which elements you find the most attractive in this song

27 Pic. No.5 Which elements you find the most attractive in this song 58 people choose the arrangement, 52 people choose the lyrics, 30 people choose the regional culture.Choose 60 people who can resonate with yourself. There are many elements in popular music. From the survey, it can be seen that the public still needs to find songs that resonate with themselves, but some people resonate with the lyrics. Good lyrics can make people resonate.

6 Do you know it is a folk song

Pic. No.6 Do you know it is a folk song Most people like folk music. Chinese national music is the music of all ethnic groups whose ancestors have lived and multiplied in this land of China, from ancient times to the present in a long historical and cultural tradition, which has national characteristics and can reflect national culture and national spirit. Broadly speaking, Chinese music refers to music with five-tone characteristics in the world. Chinese folk music art is a very distinctive art form in the world. The Chinese nation has created a large number of excellent national music cultures in thousands of years of civilization, and formed a national music system with profound connotations and rich contents. This system 28 occupies an important position in world music. We must understand Chinese music, not only sing some Chinese songs, listen to a few traditional pieces of music, we must also examine Chinese music from a national, historical, and regional perspective, understand Chinese music, and thus truly understand the meaning of Chinese music and understand Its status and historical value in the world music system. The night in Ulaanbaatar is folk music, which has been well received by the public. So Chinese folk music is the soul of modern Chinese pop music, it has its own charm. I personally think that the advancement of modern multimedia equipment has allowed more national folk music to be re-arranged and sung, and the public's vision is also what many excellent musicians and music lovers have to do. We want to support the affirmation.

7 Your favorite singers and songs? In my questionnaire, many people say that their favorite singer is Jay Chou Lin Junjie Wang Lihong Zhang Huimei Zhang Weimei Tan Weiwei Hua Chenyu I counted the reasons why most people like these singers and songs. The more Chinese style Yes, I think the development of Chinese popular music is inseparable from the Chinese style. Chinese style, or Chinese style, is an art form or lifestyle that is based on traditional Chinese culture and contains a lot of Chinese elements and adapts to global fashion trends. In recent years, Chinese style has been widely used in the field of popular culture, such as music, clothing, movies, advertising, etc. Chinese style, that is, adding some ancient Chinese allusions to the song as a creative background, using modern music to sing the classic taste, singing a variety of ways. The genre is biased towards traditional oriental performances, and some oriental instruments are added. The tone of the song is gentle and looped, which has a traditional oriental beauty. Jay Chou's "East Wind Break" is the watershed between modern Chinese style and classical Chinese style, because it fully meets the "three ancients and three new" standards, and is a product of the fusion of classical and western styles. Other previously produced works are still a form of ancient style, an attempt to explore nostalgia (such as "Rear Window", "Ambush in Ten Faces", "Tunchman", etc.); the style of Chinese style words focuses on the conciseness and refinement of language And the meaning of the context, using some poems and words, and using some Chinese rhetoric techniques, such as metaphors, mediocrities, etc. to express the mood of the song, such as "Grandpa Migraine", "Red Dust Inn" 1. The Chinese style music mostly adopts the main theme of "Palace Style". (The five-tone mode is a unique national mode in China. The five-tone names are: Palace, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu, respectively, representing "do re mi sol la" in Western music (there is no "fa si" in Chinese 29 classical music Tone), the tone style with the palace tone as the main tone is called the “tone tone style”. 2. Make extensive use of Chinese musical instruments in music arrangement: such as Guzheng, Xiao, Pipa ... 3. Chinese folk songs or operas are used in the singing. 4. Chinese ancient poems or legends are used in the subject matter. The Chinese style is a unique Chinese style combining the three ancients and the three news (ancient poetry, ancient culture, ancient melody, new singing method, new arrangement, new concept). The lyrics have Chinese cultural connotations, using new singing methods and arrangement techniques to accentuate the atmosphere of the song. The song combines nostalgic Chinese background and rhythm to produce implicit, sad, elegant, light and other song styles. Chinese style is divided into pure Chinese style and near-Chinese style. Pure Chinese style is a song that meets the above six conditions; near Chinese style is a song that cannot meet certain conditions and is very close to pure Chinese style. The Chinese style has expanded the scope of song creation. As a music creator, you can not only stay on the basis of the emotions of modern people, but actively study history, learn Chinese culture, and dig out our national essence one by one. , Expressed in the popular songs, is a very meaningful direction. Everyone has a Chinese style in their hearts. It gives a feeling: when you hear the music, you will think of Chinese characteristics, Chinese elements, and Chinese taste. These things deeply moved us. We love and love, like the Chinese style that "mixed" Beijing Opera, Huangmei Opera, Guzheng, Pipa, Flute. Yesterday, they seemed to have just left us; when they woke up this morning, they seemed to stand beside us ... E.g "Dongfeng Po": It is the most landmark Chinese minor song in the category of Chinese style songs. It is the most standard and complete Chinese style song masterpiece. The melody is natural, and the poetic style of the evocative ancient feeling seems to be really there. The first brand name handed down from the Song Dynasty was called "Dongfeng Po". Chinese style has been unique under the interpretation of Jay Chou! Antique minor tune style, supplemented by the integration of erhu and pipa, retro style, it sounds easy to enter the world and reverie of Tang poetry and Song Ci. "Far as Snow": The interpretation of Chinese traditional colors in the song is a short poem. Continue to take the line of the five-tone palace. It continues the sadness and grace of the Chinese classics in "Dongfeng Po". The addition of RAP children's voice makes the music level richer. "Beyond Thousands of Miles": To be a dream is a floating thing, to be a revival is a dream. Who put a veil on the world's gray tones, so that we can not see the world's wind and rain? The 30 dew-drenched wind chimes still made a loud collision sound, but there was no crispness when he was young, and that hot, all died like the autumn wind. The bleak and tactful mood, and the touch of sadness that is not decadent and sentimental, are even more wonderful. The song is over, and there is no sound at this time. China is also a world-oriented China, which not only needs to make music for Chinese people, but also for foreigners. After the success of the Chinese style, there are a lot of trends. The pursuit of ancient style melody, or the use of "ancient" lyrics is endless. But in the final analysis, the Chinese style is not just a fusion of ancient music, or just a big platter with a few ancient words. The real Chinese style still needs the pursuit of content, or it needs real connotation, not something superficial. Chinese style is not so simple three words, but the integration of Chinese culture, and the culture is heavy. I think that the current Chinese style is still based on the western music, and the elementary stage of Chinese folk music elements. For example, Ulaanbaatar ’s night song background is famous ethnic music. Arrangements also use a lot of national instruments, but it can still be better integrated. There is a feeling of nostalgic style. On the other hand, why do Chinese people like it so much and why have they received unanimous praise in the industry? In fact, it is the public's strangeness to the elements of traditional Chinese folk music. We should take the essence of western music and dig deeper into the traditional musical elements of our country. Modern Chinese pop music must be rooted in the soil of national music, study the direction of musical art development with Chinese national characteristics, and create its own national cultural music works, making Chinese national music works unique in the world music scene. In any case, Chinese-style music has been recognized by more and more musicians, and it has been paid more attention and appreciation by the public.、 8. If it is English, would you recommend it to people abroad? why? What version? In the survey, a large number of people chose to recommend songs to foreigners Chinese pop music has been recognized by many foreign listeners in the world. Of course, we are also willing to share good music with foreigners. Music has no borders, as long as it is good music, it deserves our respect

9. Why do you like this song in general?

31 Pic. No.7 Why do you like this song in general? 35 people chose old songs as classics, 70 people chose all songs like Tan Weiwei, 50 people chose good adaptability, and 45 people chose lyrics to remind me of my hometown. Composition is the creation of music content. A simple melody cannot determine what the music wants to express. The overall sound effects of music including melody (if there is obvious melody) and percussion (if there is percussion). . Arrangement is to expand the expression of the music without affecting the main melody and content of the original song. In modern music, especially in popular music, the composer and arranger are often two people, because many composers only have the grasp and inspiration of the melody, and the arranger has more skills in how to embody this melody. Simply put, the composer gave the skeleton, and the arranger gave the flesh. You can use music notation to compose the composition, you need to download some arranger software and sound source. Composition is the basis of arrangement. Composition refers to the main melody of a song, that is, music score. Arrangement is based on the main melody, with drums, harmony, and various electronic effects in appropriate places. In classical music, there was no concept of arranger, because all the composers wrote their own musical scores and stipulated the coordination of all musical instruments. But with the passage of time, people have discovered more expression methods in the performance and daily practice, and at this time the arranger appeared. Including the selection and change of tonality, vertical pitch arrangement, horizontal harmony connection, voice alignment, rhythm insertion, timbre selection and collocation, beat (and its changes) and tempo (and its changes) are the expressions The key to music content, mood, and atmosphere is that changing one of these factors may change the content of the entire music. Knowing these can be called composition. No matter how complex the music is, these are all done by the composer alone. Now is the age of digital music, and many sounds are the reprocessing of non-physical instrument sounds or physical instrument sounds. This requires the composer to have an understanding of the arrangement in order to achieve the use of more sounds and effects. For musical works that already have a complete composition, such as traditional symphonies, 32 or other songs and pure music works that have been completed by all the parts, the arrangement is just the grasp of the timbre and the control of the sound field. The success of the arranger can bring the audience into the story, so good music is inseparable from good arranger. Of course, the singer's tone is also very important.

33 REFLECTION

The so-called pop music is pop music. Refers to simple, sincere, straightforward and attractive, widely circulated or appreciated instrumental music and songs that have been popular for a long time. Because these songs or music are closely related to people's lives, they are also called "pop music". But pop music is jazz music that originated in the United States. At the beginning of the last century, jazz music was merged by many ethnic groups, and it was popular in the United States and even Western Europe with a unique singing method. Chinese popular music appeared in the 1930s when it was only popular in a few developing cities. With the progress of the times and the opening of national policies, the songs of the 1990s have become more diverse and easier to spread to the public. At that time, it was not only an art, but also a spiritual sustenance and true portrayal of people. As a result, popular music has spread rapidly in the country, accepted and recognized by the broad masses of people, and its form and content are becoming more and more realistic. Today, popular music contains many contents. The characteristics of vocal works are: the content is close to real life, the lyrics are simple, the language is lively and lively, and it is easy to sing; the lyrics of the songs are mostly expressed in the language of life, and the listeners are easy to understand and learn. Most singers are singers with different styles. There are a variety of sound production methods without being restricted by vocal schools. When singing, the use of excess emotional skills is very friendly and easily resonates with the audience. Instrumental music works include various tango and various styles of dance or small opera soundtrack, light music, jazz, disco and so on. At the same time, the characteristics of instrumental music works in popular music are: obvious rhythm and rhythm, joy, relaxation or real emotions, various playing methods, sound changes, colorful, hierarchical, the band is usually small, and many contemporary works use electric Acoustic instrument. Based on the above characteristics, popular music is easy to contact and accept. To better develop popular music, popular music is deeply loved by the public, but how to choose good popular music and promote it to the public

34 CONCLUSIONS

There are several important types of Chinese pop music, folk music, pop, rock, rap, and drama. In the survey, most people like pop music, because the development of pop music in the whole society has been integrated into people's lives. I have counted the number of hits and broadcasts on various music platforms. Over 100 million popular music has been growing rapidly. The subsequent love of folk music shows that there is still a large market for folk music. Rock and rap started relatively late in China. They originated in Europe and the United States, but in recent years, excellent musicians have added rap and rock music to a lot of Chinese elements, which has also been accepted and liked by more China. There are two kinds of folk music. The old folk music has a long history, and there is a new folk music. It is an element of modern pop music that adds folk music, such as Ulaanbaatar night. How to make folk music become popular. In my investigation, the popular music has been added to the elements of folk music and has achieved great success. It has made many people familiar with it and has been consistently praised. It can promote more traditional ethnic culture and let more people understand. To discover good musicians, including national musical instruments, we must promote more. Let more people go from strange to familiar. Only in this way can folk music become popular and flourish. The main elements of Chinese pop music are pop elements, classical elements, drama elements, and ethnic elements. There will be more people who like pop elements in the survey. Indeed, pop music is indeed the mainstream now. The combination of pop elements and folk music elements has made greater progress and has been widely praised by the public and industry insiders.

35 REFERENCES

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37 APPENDICE

38 LYRICS

你走了那么多年 You are still by my side

你还在我的身边 That day your smiling face 那一天你微笑的脸 Close your eyes now 如今闭上眼 I can still see 我还能看得见 Through the wild wind 穿过狂野的风 You go slowly 你慢些走 我用沉默告诉你 I tell you in silence 我醉了酒 I'm drunk

乌兰巴托的夜 Ulan Bator by night

那么静那么静 So quiet so quiet 连风都听不到 Can't hear the wind 听不到 Can't hear 飘向天边的云 Clouds drifting towards the sky 你慢些走 You go slowly 我用奔跑告诉你 我不回头 I tell you by running 乌兰巴托的夜 I don't look back

那么静那么静 Ulan Bator by night

连云都不知道 So quiet so quiet 不知道 I do n’t even know 乌兰巴托的夜 do not know 嘿 你在 Ulan Bator by night 你在这世界 每个角落存在 Hey you 嘿 你在 You are in this world 你穿过风 Every corner exists

穿过云 穿过一切 回来 Hey you 乌兰巴托的夜 You go through the wind 那么静那么静 39 连风都听不到 Can't hear

听不到 Ulan Bator by night 乌兰巴托的夜 So quiet so quiet 那么静那么静 I do n’t even know 连云都不知道 do not know 不知道 What has changed in our world 我们的世界改变了什么 我们的世界期待着什么 What to expect from our world 我们的世界剩下些什么 What's left in our world?

我们的世界只剩下荒漠 Only desert in our world

穿过旷野的风 Wind through the wilderness 你慢些走 You go slowly 唱歌的人不时掉眼泪 Singers cry from time to time So quiet so quiet Through the clouds through everything back Can't hear the wind Ulan Bator by night

40 Questionnaire Dear music listeners, I am Yunlong Bai. The title of my master's thesis is the The Phenomena of Popular Songs in China This survey is anonymous. Please answer the questions. Thank you for your help. 1. Your age (fill in) ______2. Gender (mark X) :  Female  Male 3. Your nationality (fill in) ______4. What is you relation to music:

o I am musician (if yes, please, specify) ______o I am music teacher o I am just a gourmet of music o I have education in music field 5. How often do you listen to music?  often  Sometimes  Very few  never 6. Do you like listening to pop music?  Yes I like it very much  I listen occasionally  Don't like to listen 7. You like to listen to Chinese pop music.  Yes  No 8. Why do you like a pop singer for what reason?  Voice  style  appearance  Emotional input

9. Who is your favorite singer?

41 10. Do you know the song Ulan Bator's Night ?  Yes  No 11. How often do you listen Ulan Bator's Night?  every day  once a week  Once a month 12. When was the last time you have listened to Ulan Bator's Night ?  A day ago  A week ago  A month ago 13. Where have you heard about this song?  The internet  A friend recommended  TV  Family recommendation 14. Why do you like this song in general?  Old songs are classics  Like all songs of Tan Weiwei  The adaptation is very good  The lyrics remind me of my hometown, family 15. What does it mean to you?  Very happy  Very sad  Want to cry  Very comfortable 16. What version and singers do you know?  I know the original song  I only know this version of Tan Weiwei  I have heard all versions 17. What is the best way to listen this song? Why?  It ’s convenient to listen to songs on your mobile phone 42  Watching TV, I like the scene  Listen to the concert because I like live performances 18. What version and singers do you prefer to listen? Why?  The original version because it sings the smell of hometown  Tan Weiwei ’s version because he sang the thoughts of missing his father  I like other singers ’versions because I like rock  I like the Yuan Yawei version because I like jazz 19. Which elements you find the most attractive in this song?  Arranger  lyrics  Regional Culture  Resonate with myself a) Could you be more specific? Write down, what impress you most (it maybe several answers; fill in). …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. What do you prefer the most:  Voice  Melody  Words  Sounds 21. Do you know it is a folk song?  Yes  No 22. Have you ever heard it singing not professionals?  No  Yes  If you put yes, can you say, where and on what occasion?(Fill in) 43 ...... 23. Will you recommend it to people form abroad if it would be in english? Why? What version?  Of course, because it can show Chinese elements  I won’t because foreigners won’t like it  Maybe because it sounds good  Other (fill in)…………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….… …………………………………………………………………………………………….. Thank you for your cooperation

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