INSIDE: l New data on First Wave of Ukrainian immigrants – page 8 l Winners of high school essay contest – page 10 l Ukrainian pro hockey update – page 14 The Ukrainian Weekly Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association

Vol. LXXXIX No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 $2.00 President Zelenskyy emphasizes unity, Constitutional crisis looms after Zelenskyy touts infrastructure projects in new year address suspends Constitutional Court chief justice

Office of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy addresses the nation during a New Year’s Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine Oleksandr Tupytskyi (center), Eve greeting on December 31. Constitutional Court Judge Halyna Yurovska (left) and Secretary of the Board of the Constitutional Court Viktor Bezchastnyy meet with the press in September 2020. by Mark Raczkiewycz While still speaking of the pandemic, he indirectly took a slight jab at his predeces- by Mark Raczkiewycz “He influenced the witness in criminal – In a nearly 15-minute greeting on sor, Petro Poroshenko, who is now a mem- proceedings by bribing him to refuse to tes- New Year’s Eve, Ukrainian President ber of Parliament and whose two television KYIV – Ukraine entered the new year with tify or to give knowingly false testimony,” Volodymyr Zelenskyy, surrounded by an channels showed Mr. Poroshenko’s New a mounting constitutional crisis that will fur- the press service of Prosecutor General assembly of children, spoke to the nation Year’s greeting instead of the president’s. ther test President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s Iryna Venediktova said in a statement. on the year’s past accomplishments and “In the spring we started to get sick,” Mr. resolve to reform a system he promised “to The alleged incident took place in 2018, challenges, and his plans for the future. Zelenskyy said. “It turned out that our hos- break” during his election campaign. when Mr. Tupytskyi served as deputy chair- Using the word “we” 22 times and pitals and pharmacies didn’t have much. Five days into 2021, the Constitutional man of the court, her office’s press service “Ukraine” 14 times, Mr. Zelenskyy empha- Why?” Court issued a statement that said a presi- said on December 28. sized the country’s diversity while switch- Then he used street slang in combina- dential decree to suspend the court’s chief, Specifically, the case concerns the priva- ing between the Ukrainian, Russian, tion with a pun on words in reference to a Oleksandr Tupytskyi, “may lead to blocking tization of the Zuyivsky Energy and Crimean Tatar and Hungarian languages. tell-tale symptom of COVID-19 and an the work” of the court and make it “impos- Mechanical Plant in Donetsk Oblast, which “ are who they are,” he said. expression for someone who incorrectly sible” to exercise “constitutional control in occurred more than a decade ago. At that “Not perfect and not holy…but our passport assesses a situation. order to ensure the supremacy of the time, Mr. Tupytskyi served as a regional doesn’t indicate whether a Ukrainian is right The president continued: “It simply is , assertion of judge in the oblast. or wrong. There is no term [in it that says] because someone lost their sense of smell human rights and freedom.” The standoff between Mr. Zelenskyy and ‘patriot,’ ‘little Russian’…or ‘Banderite.’” long before the [onset of] COVID.” An attached legal opinion by the court’s the court originated in October 2020 when He concluded the thought by saying the He lauded a ceasefire in the war that has Research and Consultative Council accom- the court struck down key legislative provi- passport holder is a “citizen of Ukraine.” been in place “for 158 days,” asking the panied the statement, which reinforced the sions that the country needed to keep In a Facebook post, publicist and jour- children sitting in front of him if this wasn’t judicial body’s previous statement made on international aid flowing, including a $5.5 December 30, that called Mr. Tupytskyi’s nalist Vitaliy Portnikov questioned the an “impeccable” achievement. billion lending program that was frozen by two-month suspension “legally null and premise of whether a passport can unite Mr. Zelenskyy didn’t mention that the the Washington-based International void.” the country, recalling what the document truce hasn’t quite taken hold and that 56 Monetary Fund (IMF). The statement equated the decree to symbolized in the USSR. soldiers were killed last year, including one A law making it a criminal offense for a unlawful interference in Mr. Tupytskyi’s “A passport is just a piece of cardboard woman. Overall, more than 14,000 people public official to submit false information activities as a Constitutional Court judge. printed at a printing plant. It does not unite have died in the -instigated war. on their asset declarations was annulled. In turn, Mr. Tupytskyi remains “tempo- anyone with anyone,” Mr. Portnikov wrote. He next touted his administration’s The court also ruled that judges and others nationwide infrastructure program of rarily suspended” from his duties and the “Only the country itself can unite [a nation]. filing asset declarations cannot have their building roads and bridges, and upgrading court’s statements “have no legal bearing,” Only Ukraine. Only the understanding that assets or personal lives monitored, ports. said Fedir Venislavskyi, the president’s rep- it is here and only here that you can be Bloomberg News reported. Alluding to a Soviet-era joke about there resentative at the Constitutional Court, dur- Ukrainian. Speak your language. Be proud The ruling was based on court com- being only two problems in the country – ing an appearance on local television. of your history. Live on your land.” plaints filed by pro-Russian and oligarch- stupid people and roads – the president He furthermore told Radio Free Europe/ Ukraine’s sixth post-Soviet president backed lawmakers who hold a minority of said his team had busted “stereotypes.” Radio Liberty that the Constitutional Court seats in the . They also addressed the coronavirus pandemic that “For example,” Mr. Zelenskyy said, could still work because the decree “con- has significantly impacted the country of oppose Kyiv’s declared course of further “[some think] that it is impossible to build cerns only one [Constitutional Court] jus- integration with the European Union and nearly 44 million people, claiming more good quality roads.” tice” with 14 more still on the bench, “so than 19,000 lives. NATO and do not support cooperation with He then proceeded to enumerate that they could preside over any case and make the IMF. In addition to the soldiers holding the more than 4,000 kilometers of roads had any rulings.” line in the Donbas war against Russian-led At the time of the ruling, several asset been built “in all four corners of the coun- Mr. Tupytskyi’s suspension came a day declarations of Constitutional Court judges, and Russian-supplied forces, Mr. Zelenskyy try,” while adding that 150 bridges were after he ignored a summons at the prosecu- said “medical workers, teachers, firefight- including that of Mr. Tupynskyi’s, were also built. tor’s office on December 28 in relation to under scrutiny. He was under investigation ers and first-responders” are also “super allegations of bribery and witness tamper- heroes.” (Continued on page 10) ing. (Continued on page 3) 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 No. 2

ANALYSIS

Year 2020 in review: The maturation Tycoons selling property amid foreclosures est commercial real-estate owner in the city. The holding has sold off several of the Optima Ventures, the U.S. real-estate buildings in recent years. Upon comple- of Russia’s autocracy holding company owned by two Ukrainian tion of the two sales, Optima Ventures will tycoons under FBI investigation for no illusions regarding trust-building or own just one building in Cleveland as well by Pavel K. Baev money laundering, has filed a motion in a deal-making with the Kremlin (Ezhed­ as the two buildings currently facing for- Eurasia Daily Monitor court in the U.S. state of Delaware to sell nevny Zhurnal, January 1, 2021). For now, feiture. (RFE/RL’s Ukrainian Service) two more buildings in the city of Russia’s post-Soviet counter-transition Moscow hopes for only “selective dialogue” Iran allocates $150K for MH17 families arrived at its logical conclusion in 2020: in some arms control matters and is brac- Cleveland amid foreclosure proceedings. Optima Ventures, once the largest com- starting from a fledgling democracy in the ing for Washington to adopt a policy of Iran says it has allocated $150,000 for mercial real-estate operator in the 1990s, the country shifted to an “enlight- “total containment” in the coming months the families of each of the 176 victims of a Midwestern city, is seeking to sell 55 ened authoritarianism” in the 2000s, evolv- (Kommersant, January 1, 2021). Ukrainian passenger plane that was Public Square, a 22-story skyscraper, as ing into a barely disguised autocracy during One of the strongest drivers in Russia’s downed in Iranian airspace nearly a year well as its stake in the Westin Cleveland the 2010s, now having finally settled into a path toward dictatorship has actually been ago. The Iranian government said in a Downtown hotel, according to court docu- quasi-dictatorship. That trajectory was in the massive and unexpected political crisis statement on December 30 that it had ments filed on December 24, 2020. The no way predetermined 20 years ago, but a in neighboring Belarus (Rosbalt, December approved the payment of “$150,000 or the holding company, which is controlled by crucially important inflection was 25, 2020). Alyaksandr Lukashenka, in equivalent in Euros as soon as possible to Ukrainian billionaires Ihor Kolomoyskiy passed in 2014, with the zealous “patriotic” power continuously since 1994, was widely the families and survivors of each of the and Hennadiy Boholyubov, owes about mobilization that was sparked and fueled expected to score a convincing victory in victims” of the crash. Ukraine Inter­ $50 million on the two properties and has by the forcible annexation of Crimea. After the August presidential elections. He did. national Airlines Flight 752 crashed short- failed to make payments in recent months, that, the constitutional revisions initiated But the official release of the heavily doc- ly after taking off from Tehran’s main air- according to separate lawsuits filed in by Russian President Vladimir Putin at the tored vote results was surprisingly met by port on January 8, killing all on board, Cleveland. The United States has accused start of 2020 were a natural consequence an explosion of street protests that have including many Canadian citizens and per- Mr. Kolomoyskiy and Mr. Boholyubov of of late-stage Putinism (Novaya Gazeta, endured, to some degree, to this day manent residents. Iran admitted days buying U.S. assets, including real estate December 30, 2020). (Nezavisimaya Gazeta, December 25, later that its forces accidentally shot down and metals plants, with hundreds of mil- The purpose of modifying the Constitu­ 2020). Mr. Putin was initially reluctant to the Kyiv-bound plane after firing two mis- lions of dollars laundered from their Kyiv- tion was not immediately clear 12 months rescue his maverick fellow-autocrat but siles amid heightened tensions with the based lender PrivatBank. Mr. Kolomoyskiy, ago beyond the amendments granting Mr. was shocked by the intensity of the public United States. Iranian Roads and Urban who owns media, energy and metals Putin an opportunity to claim, yet again, the uprising and felt obliged to approve and Development Minister Mohammad Eslami assets, is one of the most powerful mag- position of supreme authority in the 2024 support the Belarusian regime’s use of bru- told reporters on December 30 that Iran’s nates in Ukraine. He and Mr. Boholyubov presidential elections by “annulling” his pre- tal police force. That tactic has not entirely final report on the crash had been sent to deny the charges and claim they bought vious two consecutive terms. By the end of suppressed the protest activity, although it countries involved in investigating it – the U.S. assets with money received from the tumultuous year, however, it had become has reduced an acute crisis in Minsk into a Ukraine, the United States, France, the sale of a steel business. Ukraine apparent that the vague clarifications and chronic lower-intensity one (Lenta.ru, Canada, , Britain, and . awkward edits to many paragraphs of the December 29, 2020). nationalized PrivatBank in 2016 and Earlier this month, an independent Russian constitution – hastily written and For many Belarusians, their anger was pumped $5.5 billion into the lender to Canadian report accused Iran of not con- approved after the tragic political crisis of incited by Mr. Lukashenka’s outwardly cava- stave off its bankruptcy. PrivatBank in May ducting its investigation properly and said 1993 – amounted to establishing a quasi-dic- lier attitude toward the coronavirus pan- 2019 then filed a civil lawsuit in Delaware that many questions remain unanswered. tatorial regime with nearly unlimited and demic; and Mr. Putin was careful to, in con- against the billionaires to recoup the “The party responsible for the situation is largely unaccountable power to suppress all trast, demonstrate grave concern about the money it claims they stole. The motion to investigating itself, largely in secret. That opposition (Newsru.com, December 31, health crisis, even as his protracted and sell the two Cleveland properties was filed does not inspire confidence or trust,” said 2020; see EDM, July 8, 13, 2020). extreme self-isolation eventually become a as part of those proceedings. The FBI con- the report, written by the Canadian gov- The escalation of repressions and topic of ridicule at home (Grani.ru, firmed on August 4, 2020, that it was ernment’s special counsel on the tragedy. approval of legislation justifying them in December 31, 2020). Throughout the year, investigating the two tycoons for embez- Iranian officials said the country never late 2020 were motivated in large part by the Kremlin leader’s message, underpinned zlement and money laundering. That sought to hide the details about the air the state’s high-resonance failure to silence by persistent manipulation of government probe is continuing, the FBI told RFE/RL disaster or to violate the rights of the vic- Aleksei Navalny, the leader of Russia’s statistics, has emphasized that Russia is earlier this month. Separately, the Justice tims’ families. Flight 752 was downed the “non-systemic” opposition (The Insider, dealing with the difficult situation much Department is seeking the forfeiture of same night that Iran launched a ballistic- December 28, 2020). He survived having better than many other countries; yet the two commercial buildings owned by missile attack that targeted U.S. soldiers in been poisoned with the Novichok nerve data on excess mortality suggests a far more Optima Ventures in Louisville, Kentucky, Iraq. Tehran’s air defenses were on high agent and even managed to expose the troubling reality (RBC, December 30, 2020). and Dallas, Texas. Optima Ventures had alert in case of retaliation. Iran’s missile team of agents from the Federal Security Official propaganda has trumpeted Russia’s owned nine commercial buildings in the attack was in response to a U.S. drone Service (FSB) that had pursued him for success in developing the Sputnik-V corona- United States at its peak, including five in years and administered the toxic sub- virus vaccine ahead of research in the U.S. Cleveland, making it temporarily the larg- (Continued on page 11) stance, allegedly on direct orders from the and Europe; however, the testing of its effi- Kremlin (Navalny.com, December 21, cacy is seriously compromised, and produc- 2020). Mr. Putin’s response to that embar- tion capacity is insufficient either for mass rassing fiasco was not only to cover it up by domestic immunization or export (Meduza, The Ukrainian Weekly FOUNDED 1933 official denials but also to ensure that December 23, 2020). Over the years, Russian courts would severely punish all of Russians have developed such low trust in An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., Mr. Navalny’s associates (VTimes, their medical system that, according to a a non-profit association, at 2200 Route 10, P.O. Box 280, Parsippany, NJ 07054. December 30, 2020). Engaging in any pro- recent Levada Center poll, 58 percent say Yearly subscription rate: $90; for UNA members — $80. test action or opposition activity in Russia they would not want to take the domestical- Periodicals postage paid at Caldwell, NJ 07006 and additional mailing offices. now frequently amounts to a crime against ly produced vaccine, even for free (Levada. (ISSN — 0273-9348) the state (Riddle, December 22, 2020). ru, December 28, 2020). The slow transformation of Mr. Putin’s Russia’s setbacks in countering the The Weekly: UNA: Tel: (973) 292-9800; Fax: (973) 644-9510 Tel: (973) 292-9800; Fax: (973) 292-0900 regime achieved a new quality with this COVID-19 pandemic diverge sharply from delegitimization of essentially all domestic China’s ostensible success; and there has Postmaster, send address changes to: dissent; and this triumph of the Russian been remarkably little cooperation in this The Ukrainian Weekly Editor-in-chief: Andrew Nynka special services (siloviki), which have now area among the two neighbors (Nezavisi­ 2200 Route 10 Editor: Matthew Dubas de facto become the pivotal state structure maya Gazeta, December 27, 2020). Officials P.O. Box 280 (see EDM, December 2, 2020), has inevita- and pundits continue to warmly acclaim Parsippany, NJ 07054 e-mail: [email protected] bly led to serious international repercus- the allegedly ever-deepening Russo- sions (Carnegie.ru, December 31, 2020). Chinese strategic partnership, which some The Ukrainian Weekly Archive: www.ukrweekly.com Those are most immediately obvious in assert may ultimately mature into a full- Russia’s relations with the European Union blown alliance. But it is instructive to note The Ukrainian Weekly, January 10, 2021, No. 2, Vol. LXXXIX and Germany in particular, which Moscow that, in fact, Mr. Putin and President Xi Copyright © 2021 The Ukrainian Weekly no longer even tries to rehabilitate into Jinping had only five telephone conversa- something resembling traditional ties tions in 2020 and certainly not a single (Russiancouncil.ru, December 24, 2020). face-to-face meeting (Carnegie.ru, ADMINISTRATION OF THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY AND SVOBODA Relations with the United States are also November 30, 2020). And while Russia expected to deteriorate drastically with the braces for the hard pressure expected to Walter Honcharyk, administrator (973) 292-9800, ext. 3040 and advertising manager fax: (973) 644-9510 arrival of the Joseph Biden administration, come from the incoming U.S. administra- e-mail: [email protected] which – unlike several previous U.S. leader- tion, it remains reluctant to be dragged into Subscription Department (973) 292-9800, ext. 3040 ships that Mr. Putin sought to engage with e-mail: [email protected] in their early days – appears to have few or (Continued on page 3) No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 3

NEWS ANALYSIS All roads lead to Ukraine in Putin’s global hybrid war

by Peter Dickinson ments throughout the EU and beyond, in Moscow on December 17, 2020, the more important to Russia’s sense of self aided and abetted at every turn by a vast Russian leader announced plans to ramp than Ukraine. Indeed, Ukraine is widely As details began to emerge in late 2020 Kremlin-backed disinformation machine up Russian backing for the two self-styled regarded as being so historically and cul- of Russia’s massive cyber-attack on the that has succeeded in comprehensively pol- separatist republics in eastern Ukraine’s turally close to Russia that many Russians United States, there was plenty of anger luting the internet. Donbas region. “Russia will keep support- still have difficulty accepting it as a sepa- and alarm but little in the way of genuine The aim of all this is not to defeat the ing the Donbas, as has been the case,” he rate and independent nation. These per- shock. Instead, an air of inevitability West, which Russia recognizes as impossi- declared. “We will even increase our sup- ceptions of indivisible closeness are a two- accompanied news of the attack. This ble. Instead, Moscow seeks to secure its port.” way street. If democracy can succeed in somewhat resigned response illustrates own position by undermining the allure of In keeping with the plausible deniability Ukraine, it will only be a matter of time just how accustomed the Western world the liberal traditions and democratic insti- that has defined Russia’s hybrid war in before the Russian population begins has become to the reality of a hostile tutions that allow the Western world to Ukraine, Mr. Putin was characteristically demanding an end to Putinism and a simi- Russia. dominate the global imagination. Unable to careful to frame his latest statement in the lar transition for themselves. It was not always this way. Just over compete in a soft power contest for hearts language of neighborly concern. However, This makes Ukraine the most logical eight years ago in October 2012, U.S. and minds, Moscow has set out to drag the amid seemingly innocuous talk of greater place to fight back against Russia’s hybrid President Barack Obama felt comfortable opposition down to its own level. This Russian support for infrastructure and war and the best opportunity to achieve a enough about Russia to mock his presiden- explains why Russia supports anti-estab- social issues, there was no mistaking the decisive victory. On numerous occasions tial rival Mitt Romney for calling the coun- lishment forces of all kinds throughout the menacing undertones of his promise to throughout the post-Soviet era, Ukrainians try America’s number one geopolitical foe. West, regardless of whether they represent “remain proactively involved [in eastern have demonstrated their desire to live in a “The 1980s are now calling to ask for their the far left or far right of the political spec- Ukraine] not only on the humanitarian modern European democracy. The country foreign policy back because, you know, the trum. Anything that deepens existing divi- front, but also through direct cooperation.” has staged not one but two separate pro- Cold War’s been over for 20 years,” Mr. sions within Western societies is seen as Officially, Moscow recognizes the separat- democracy revolutions, and has made his- Obama quipped at the time. being in Russia’s interests, from COVID ist regions of eastern Ukraine as Ukrainian toric sacrifices since 2014 in its struggle to How did we go from presidential one- conspiracy theories to fake news about territory and is committed to their reinte- resist Russian aggression. Thanks to these liners to a new Cold War in less than a immigrant atrocities. gration into Ukraine. In practice, the Herculean efforts, democratic elections are decade? While events such as Moscow’s The Kremlin views today’s hybrid war Kremlin has taken considerable steps to now a routine feature of Ukraine’s political brief 2008 war with Georgia had previous- as an entirely rational and essentially render any future reintegration efforts futile. , while support for EU and NATO ly strained relations, the real turning point defensive response to the existential threat Since spring 2014, the local population has membership is at all-time highs. The only came in February 2014 when Russia invad- posed by the democratic world to Russia’s faced a relentless barrage of Russian propa- thing preventing Ukrainians from consoli- ed Ukraine’s Crimean peninsula. This was a authoritarian model. This perspective owes ganda praising the Kremlin and demonizing dating their country’s democratic progress watershed moment in 21st century history much to Moscow’s enduring paranoia over Ukraine. Starting in spring 2019, Moscow is the hybrid campaign currently being marking the dawn of a new and troubling the 1991 Soviet collapse, when a wave of has begun the fast-track distribution of waged by Russia and its allies within the era of competition between Russia and the grassroots democracy uprisings across Russian passports to residents of the occu- Ukrainian oligarch elite, who share the West. Ever since Mr. Putin’s “little green Soviet-occupied Central Europe led to the pied regions. This weaponized citizenship Kremlin’s of derailing Ukraine’s Euro- men” (Russian soldiers without insignias) rapid disintegration of the USSR. The strategy is transforming occupied eastern Atlantic integration. first seized Crimea seven years ago, the Kremlin is prepared to go to almost any Ukraine into a passport protectorate and The combined power of Russia and the confrontation has continued to expand and lengths in order to prevent a repeat of this paving the way for open-ended Russian Ukrainian oligarch class is no doubt formi- escalate. disaster, and is haunted by the idea of a so- intervention. Even if Ukraine were able to dable, but it cannot hope to compete with During this period, Russian aggression called “color revolution” taking place inside regain nominal control over the region, the the infinitely greater might of the Western has taken on many different forms. The Russia itself. This led directly to Russia’s huge number of Russian passport holders world. Unfortunately, the West has yet to most glaring example remains the unde- military intervention in Ukraine following would provide Moscow with endless excus- offer Ukraine the kind of overwhelming clared and ongoing war in eastern Ukraine, the country’s pro-democracy es to intervene and deny Ukraine full sover- support granted to the countries of Central which has cost over 14,000 lives and dis- Revolution in early 2014. eignty. Mr. Putin’s recent comments make Europe during the 1990s. Instead, Western placed millions. Mr. Putin has also deployed Seven years on from those fateful events, clear that his intention is to continue pursu- backing has remained relatively modest, hybrid Russian forces around the world, Ukraine remains at the epicenter of the ing such policies during 2021. enabling democratic Ukraine to survive unleashed teams of assassins, and attempt- confrontation between Russia and the Russia’s refusal to compromise over rather than thrive. This needs to change if ed at least one coup in the Balkans. Russian West. Moscow continues to occupy Crimea Ukraine despite the seemingly dispropor- the democratic world wishes to send an hackers have set new standards in cyber and parts of eastern Ukraine while show- tionate costs involved is revealing. It is an unmistakable signal to the Kremlin and warfare, targeting everything from political ing no signs of any readiness to retreat. On indication of Moscow’s commitment to move beyond the current cycle of hybrid parties to essential infrastructure. the contrary, Mr. Putin ended 2020 by vow- preventing democracy from gaining a foot- hostilities with Russia. Meanwhile, Moscow has funneled support ing to escalate his attack on Ukraine. hold in Russia’s traditional imperial heart- to political extremists and separatist move- Speaking during his annual press marathon lands, and a reminder that no country is (Continued on page 15)

had undone much of the anti-graft architec- toward the so-called “wolf-warrior diplo- Constitutional... ture in place since 2014. It concluded that Year 2020... macy” (Nezavisimaya Gazeta, October 20, (Continued from page 1) “reform of the Constitutional Court is war- (Continued from page 2) 2020). Moscow, however, showed more ranted.” caution and self-restraint in 2020, includ- for not declaring property in Crimea, the It was seen as a setback for Mr. Zelens­ the escalating U.S.-China confrontation. ing when it came to manipulating the con- Ukrainian territory that Russia illegally kyy who had made fighting endemic graft Meanwhile some Russian experts warn of flicts in Syria and Libya, putting military annexed in 2014. Other inconsistencies in one of the key pillars of his campaign, even how the relationship with China may nega- pressure on Ukraine and Georgia, or in exe- Mr. Tupynskyi’s asset declaration included vowing to “break the system” during a tively impact Russia’s traditional ties with cuting various “hybrid” attacks against ownership of lavish property in Kyiv Oblast. presidential debate with Petro Poroshenko India (Russiancouncil.ru, December 28, Europe, than one might have expected from After much outcry from pro-Western in 2019. 2020). the determined dictatorship-building activists and lawmakers, Parliament passed The court and executive branch could Russian mainstream media certainly simultaneously going on inside Russia. Mr. a new yet softer version of the legislation in remain at loggerheads as other sensitive avoids any criticism of China’s increasingly Putin appears wary about military over- December that doesn’t entail imprison- legislation awaits judgement. harsh persecution of internal dissent, but it stretch even as he has proven himself stin- ment for providing false information. The court’s docket includes a law that is quite obvious that Mr. Putin’s siloviki gy when it comes to spending accumulated Calling the watered-down version “a formed the basis for cleaning up the bank- cannot replicate China’s effective control financial reserves on stimulating the mistake,” Mr. Zelenskky has since submit- ing system, which was fraught with related- over the internet or to completely silence domestic economy or reducing poverty ted his own bill to restore punishment for party lending and led to the biggest private the newly branded “foreign agents” (Znak. (see EDM, November 30, 2020). The new those who would break the law, but the leg- lender, Privatbank, being nationalized to com, December 30, 2020). The Russian year, which Russia, as always, begins with islature has yet to consider it and Parliament the chagrin of its previous majority share- autocratic regime may have become an extended holiday, promises few occa- has adjourned for winter break until later holders – oligarchs Ihor Kolomoisky and upgraded to a dictatorship last year, but it sions in the regular calendar for boosting this month. Hennadiy Boholoyubov. has not become more effective or less cor- patriotic feelings – like the celebration of In addition, the court ruled in September Additionally, the land market law, which rupt. And the reluctance of many elite the 75th anniversary of victory in World that the head of the National Anti-Corrup­ lifted the moratorium on the sale of agricul- groups to alter their quasi-Western lifestyle War II in 2020. Mr. Putin may need to look tion Bureau (NABU), Artem Sytnyk, had tural land that is taking effect this year, also in some ways augment and complement abroad for an opportunity to reenergize the been illegally appointed by Mr. Zelenskyy’s faces challenges. the growing desire for change within the populace with a success-story ahead of the predecessor. Mr. Sytnyk still holds his posi- There is a “risk of a prolonged confron- increasingly complex Russian society State Duma elections in September. tion, since there is no clear legal instrument tation… [given]…the prospect of the (Newsru.com, December 31, 2020). that outlines how he could be replaced. Constitutional Court counterattacking by Escalations of domestic repressions The article above is reprinted from Still, the Venice Commission, Europe’s ruling” on these laws, Kyiv-based invest- often go hand-in-hand with more aggres- Eurasia Daily Monitor with permission from constitutional advisory body, in December ment bank Dragon Capital wrote in a daily sive external behavior, as typified last year its publisher, the Jamestown Foundation, criticized the Ukrainian court’s ruling that note to investors on December 5. by the shift in Beijing’s foreign policy style www.jamestown.org. 4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 No. 2 No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 5

Young UNA’ers

Xavier Stephen Hallick, son of Stephen M. Hallick III Nicholas Daniel Schak, son of Daniel and Oksana Schak Lucas Daniel Schak, son of Daniel and Oksana Schak of and Alyssa Hallick of Duluth, Ga., is a new member of of Elmwood Park, Ill., is a new member of UNA Branch Elmwood Park, Ill., is a new member of UNA Branch UNA Branch 171. He was enrolled by his grandparents 777. He was enrolled by his parents. 777. He was enrolled by his parents. Lt. Col. (retired) Stephen P. and Ann Hallick. 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 No. 2

COMMENTARY The Ukrainian Weekly A citadel of liberty Fr. Maciej Zięba Less than two hours after a joint session of the U.S. Congress met at 1 p.m. on January 6, a violent mob opposed to Congressional certification of the 2020 presi- by Archbishop Borys Gudziak bear abundant fruit in the coming decades dential election attacked, overtook and ransacked the U.S. Capitol building. The throughout and beyond. It import of this moment cannot be overstated or dismissed. Throughout the history The last day of 2020 bore sad news – sprang from the generous, talented person- of the United States of America, this building has fallen only once before. On after a long struggle with cancer, Fr. Maciej ality of the deceased, from his great love for August 24, 1814, a British force led by Major General Robert Ross set fire to the young people and his farsighted strategic Capitol before finally taking it over. For more than 206 years since that day, this Ukraine, the Ukrainian Catholic University, spiritual and geopolitical thinking. building has stood as an iconic beacon of American democracy. It has been called Zięba,and I, personally, O.P., died lost in a good Wrocław, friend. . Poland, Fr. Maciej was one of those Polish a citadel of liberty. and the Church in Poland, lost one of the Catholic intellectuals with a broad mind The events of January 6, 2021, will certainly rank among the darkest moments significant figures in their pilgrimage from and a great soul. He was a leader among of American democracy. But the moral strength of this country has been forged in fear to dignity. them, and to me he was one of the most response to such events, be it the aftermath of Pearl Harbor in 1941, the terror likeable, both personally and intellectually. attacks of September 11, 2001, or the bombing of the Boston Marathon in 2013. monk, a physicist, a theologian, a philoso- He not only understood the importance of In response to the mob that overtook and ransacked the U.S. Capitol only hours pher,Maciej a public Zięba intellectual, was a priest, and a memberDominican of healthy Ukrainian-Polish relations, but also before, Congressional leadership sought to demonstrate unity and show that they actively cultivated them explicitly on would not be cowered by the attack. all a human being. The kind of human Christian principles. Just after 8 p.m., nearly six hours after Congress was forced into recess, Vice Solidarnośćbeing that His (Solidarity). Beatitude But the helate was Lubomyr first of President Mike Pence reopened the Senate proceedings and addressed the mob. Husar often spoke of to us. I remember life of Ukraine and its Church, and made “To those who wreaked havoc in our Capitol today, you did not win,” Mr. Pence Maciej, who belonged to the younger manyMaciej efforts Zięba to aspiredfoster Ukrainian to get to knowChristian the said. “Violence never wins. Freedom wins. And this is still the people’s house. And cohort of the wide circle of collaborators of leaders. For a quarter of a century, the sum- as we reconvene in this chamber, the world will again witness the resilience and Pope St. John Paul II, as smiling, humane, mer school of the Tertio Millennio Institute strength of our democracy, for even in the wake of unprecedented violence and unbelievably hard-working, and open. that he founded has accepted students vandalism at this Capitol, the elected representatives of the people of the United from various post-communist countries, States have assembled again on the very same day to support and defend the 1954. From his student days he participat- including Ukraine, and particularly from Constitution of the United States.” ed Hein the was Polish born democratic in Wrocław, opposition Poland, – in the Ukrainian Catholic University, where Majority Leader Mitch McConnell also said Congress would not be bullied. “The the 1970s and 1980s he was an advisor of together with their contemporaries from United States and the United States Congress have faced down much greater Poland and the United States, they studied threats than the unhinged crowds we saw today,” he said. “They tried to disrupt the social doctrine of the Catholic Church. our democracy. They failed.” Solidarnośćparticipant and, and from a contributor1978, the vice-presi to the- The courses were taught in English, with This moment should have united the country with each of us repudiating the Solidarnośćdent of the Club weekly, of Catholic as well Intellectuals as an active in lectures by charismatic intellectuals, lead- storming of the Capitol building. Sadly – unbelievably – it appears it has not. The ing lights from various countries. The political divisions of our democratic republic and within our Ukrainian American school’s program included excursions to diaspora run deep. Let us be clear, we stand at a defining moment when our politi- Wrocław,Mathematics, Poland. Physics, He graduatedand Chemistry from with the sites of genocide from the totalitarian cal passions have grown so heated that they threaten to burn down constitutional Universitya master’s degree of Wrocław, in physics, Facultyand worked of epoch and to places where desperate, free government itself. for several years as a research fellow at the intellectuals had prepared responses and During a similar moment of deep political discord, Benjamin Franklin was asked ripostes to an inhumane, mendacious sys- about the kind of government the Continental Congress had created when it con- August 1981 he joined the Dominican tem. There were meetings with communi- vened in 1787. “A republic,” Mr. Franklin is said to have replied, “if you can keep it.” WrocławOrder, made Institute his permanent of Meteorology. vows in 1986, In ties and individuals who had defended If we intend to keep this democratic republic, then we would be wise to heed and was ordained a priest a year later. He freedom and human dignity in extremely the prayer offered by Senate Chaplain Barry Black after Congress reconvened and studied theology at the Pontifical Academy dangerous circumstances. affirmed the votes of the Electoral College in the early morning hours of January 7: in Cracow (now the John Paul II Pontifical Fr. Maciej understood that it was neces- “Lord of our lives and sovereign of our beloved nation, we deplore the desecration University), with residencies in Eichstätt, sary to pass on to the new generation the of the United States Capitol building, the shedding of innocent blood, the loss of Germany, and in Washington, DC. experience that it lacked. For contemporary life, and the quagmire of dysfunction that threaten our democracy. These tragedies As the focus of his scholarly interest and youth, the dramas of the 20th century are have reminded us that words matter and that the power of life and death is in the his church and social work he chose the already unknown and incomprehensible. tongue. We have been warned that eternal vigilance continues to be freedom’s social doctrine of the Church, particularly Freedom and prosperity, which had to be price. Lord, you have helped us remember that we need to see in each other a the social teaching of Pope St. John Paul II. achieved through struggle, with great sacri- common humanity that reflects your image. You have strengthened our resolve to He lectured in Poland, Germany, Italy, the fices and efforts, beginning with the forma- protect and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies , Lithuania, Estonia, the tion of critical ideas and visions on the domestic as well as foreign. Use us to bring healing and unity to our hurting and United States of America and Ukraine. It is basis of authentic principles and values, are divided nation and world.” Amen. noteworthy that he taught not only in taken for granted. More than anyone, Fr. Catholic but also in secular institutions of - higher education. He wrote extensively, ologies. In a creative, sincere, personal way, publishing scholarly monographs and col- Ziębataking saw into the account dangers a subtle of 21st analysis century of idethe lections of essays on select spiritual and present time, he sought to open young Jan. social topics (eighteen books, including minds and souls to the eternal truths about Turning the pages back... “One Misfortune after Another: A Catholic human beings and society, and to form their relationship to contemporary socio- Following the Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan 31 years ago, on politico-economic problems. 16 January 16, 1990, when 11,000 troops were sent to quell the inremaining a Europe faithful Adrift” to [Kłopothis journalistic za kłopotem. calling, These courses opened up young peo- fighting between Azerbaijan and Armenia, refugees from Katolikcontributed w dryfującej to Polish Europie],publications 2015) on variand,- ple’s thinking and exposed them to the 1990 Azerbaijan began arriving in Ukraine by late January, Radio ous current problems. From 1991 to 1995 broader world. The students of the institute Moscow reported. he was director of the Dominican publish- included lay students, young priests, Refugees were provided with the barest essentials and were ing house W Drodze. women theologians, and church activists. housed in military sanatoria, rest houses and hotels. A one-time money grant was given to For example, among the graduates of this each family as well as a document certifying that its members were refugees. In addition to the Polish province of the Dominican Order. summer program directed by Fr. Maciej refugees being settled in Kyiv, a large number of refugees were received in the city of Odesa. ThoseFrom familiar 1998 to with 2006, monastic Maciej Zięba life and headed the were such valuable workers in today’s spir- The Soviet show of force was an indication that Moscow was losing its grip on power radicalism of monks will understand that itual field as Fr. Dr. Oleh Kindiy, a lecturer in over the Soviet republics and observers noted that it also was a marker for Mikhail being the superior of a single monastery or the Department of Theology of the Gorbachev’s weakening power. convent is no simple challenge. In general, Ukrainian Catholic University; Dr. Orysia The centuries-long conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan had gone through periods life in a community of consecrated people – Bila, chairwoman of the Department of of ebb and flow, and the Soviet weakness of the late-1980s allowed for ethnic rivalries to like married and family life – is a high-wire Philosophy of the Ukrainian Catholic re-emerge. This conflict was in contrast when the Soviets deployed tanks and other mili- act: while it is joyful, it also requires one to University; Dr. Anatoly Babynsky, who long tary hardware to quell uprisings in Hungary in 1956 and in Czechoslovakia in 1968. know how to balance on a tightrope over served as editor of the journal “Patriyar­ During the 1990 Soviet operation in Azerbaijan, nearly 60 Armenians were killed in the an abyss with no safety net. To serve as the khat;” and the active laywomen Natalia initial maneuver, and when Armenia pleaded for support from Moscow, the Kremlin officials leader of scores of monasteries, communi- Karfut (Italy), Tetiana Ostapiuk (France), declared that the fighting in Azerbaijan was not a “civil war,” but merely “national strife.” ties, and Dominican pastoral initiatives and and Ivanka Zakharevych (Germany); as Mr. Gorbachev’s supporters voiced suspicion that the violence was being agitated by to coordinate the varied activities of hun- well as my assistants Mariana Karapinka anti-Gorbachev activists to discredit the regime. The United States government supported dreds of religious all over Poland is alto- and Deacon Volodymyr Radko. These are Mr. Gorbachev’s action to deploy the military as a humanitarian response to the killings gether a superhuman task, which requires just a few. For scores of Ukrainian gradu- and terror. Over the next two years, the violence continued, and the weakened Soviet great faith, organizational talent, moral ates of this program carry on quiet organic Union was unable to bring a lasting resolution to the situation before the col- authority, and a sense of humor. work in various lands in the spirit of the lapsed and Mr. Gorbachev resigned from power. It would be difficult to name all the Catholic social teaching of Pope St. John Paul The fighting, known as the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which has stretched from 1988 church and lay organizations and initiatives II and Fr. Maciej. The older students remem- to the present day, has its origins in the fallout from the First World War as empires col- in which Fr. Maciej was involved and which ber not only his inspired lectures, but also he founded. I will mention only one, which I (Continued on page 15) had the privilege to witness and which will (Continued on page 12) No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 7

Faith in the future Hope for the new year Our post-World War II wave of immi- ety can understand. Orthodox and Catholic By just about any measure, 2020 has threat to U.S. national security and to our gration set itself the goal of preserving the Christians can work together to create a been a difficult year. The COVID-19 pan- values. He will not kowtow to Vladimir , culture and churches new Christian culture – a sort of parallel demic, President Trump’s unfounded alle- Putin. You will not see shameful press con- until Ukraine should be free. It succeeded. universe – provided we can muster the gations of elections fraud and stubborn ferences like the Trump-Putin perfor- For our churches, it is now time to concen- financial and intellectual resources to refusal to concede the election, and mance in Helsinki in 2018. You will not see trate on their primary mission. embark on such a venture. Russia’s recent massive cyberattack, are a President Biden withholding nearly $400 Statistics for the Ukrainian Catholic In doing so, I believe we can dismiss just a few of the bad news stories of the million in crucial military assistance to an Church, however, are not encouraging. In three false dichotomies. First, we need not year. ally fending off Russian aggression for any 1980 there were some 700,000 people in choose between a committed, activist core But there is hope for 2021. The rapid reason, much less in a futile attempt to the United States who considered them- of faithful and a broad, inclusive Church. development of COVID-19 vaccines sug- extort that ally to dig up dirt on a political selves of Ukrainian or partly Ukrainian ori- Only the former can create the latter. gests that, as the year progresses, life will opponent. You will not see Mr. Biden dis- gin. In 1981, the Ukrainian Catholic Church Second, we need not oppose the principles return to some semblance of normality. cussing inviting Russia back into the G-7, counted about 245,000 members. Today, of authority and hierarchy to “synodality” And Joe Biden’s inauguration on January when the circumstances leading to the Ukrainian Americans number over and conciliarism. True, the Church finds 20 will also usher in a degree of sanity in decision to boot them out in the first place 930,000. According to the eparchial web- herself in circumstances vastly different our politics. Our country, indeed, the (the occupation and illegal annexation of sites, however, the number of Ukrainian from the epochs in which its top-down world, needs it. Crimea) have not changed one iota. He will Catholics has fallen to about 52,000. In organizational structure, its administrative I don’t mean to suggest that the damage not let out a litany of curse words to dis- 1981, the Church had 27 elementary and and pastoral style, were developed. Today, done in the last four years by “The Great play his contempt for the Ukrainian people. three secondary schools; today, it has a “authentic” horizontal relations are replac- Divider” will be undone in one fell swoop. I could go on and on, dear reader, but I half-dozen. In 1981, the Archeparchy of ing formal, vertical ones. But hierarchy and The country faces serious challenges, first think you get the picture. Philadelphia had 98 active eparchial and authority remain essential. Third, we need and foremost, overcoming the extreme Mr. Biden recognizes the critical rela- mission priests; today, it has 37. not choose between tradition and moder- polarization that has infected our politics. tionship between stability and security on True, numbers aren’t everything. In nity. As G.K. Chesterton pointed out, tradi- While our divisions preceded Mr. Trump, the one hand, and democracy, human 1969, Fr. Joseph Ratzinger (today Pope tionalists are innovators too. The only dif- they were greatly exacerbated by him. rights and the rule of law on the other. He Emeritus Benedict XVI) foresaw a smaller, ference is between progress informed by Joe Biden will at least attempt to reverse understands the key role that civil society poorer, but spiritually purer Church. the past, and a blind progressivism which, this destructive trend – he will try to be a plays in fostering freedom. And he, more than anyone else, understands the central Besides, trends often reverse themselves. ignoring the past, only repeats its mis- uniter, and not a divider. He is essentially a role that allies play to our own security Yet the challenge is immense. And we takes. We must be both modern and tradi- centrist (albeit center-left), which almost and prosperity, notably NATO and the EU. must consider the socio-cultural context. tional. by definition means he is wary of Joe Biden understands Ukraine. He has Western elites have largely abandoned Our churches can take several concrete extremes. Do not worry, folks, under the an excellent track record on the country Christianity. The combined influences of steps in this direction. They can revive Biden administration, the United States dating back to his Senate days, especially Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud have under- monasticism, proposing “elders” as spiri- will not become some kind of a Cuban or when he was on the Senate Foreign mined the Judeo-Christian tradition by tual counsellors for the laity. They can Venezuelan-style “socialist paradise.” Relations Committee, sometimes serving removing the notion of sin – and thus the organize more pilgrimages – including As a mainstream, more traditional poli- tician, Mr. Biden understands the need to as its chairman. And as vice-president he need for redemption – as well as rejecting long treks for the young and fit. They can was more engaged and supportive of the existence of an immortal soul, and of engage with contemporary culture, work- work across the aisle on issues of impor- tance to the American people. To him, Ukraine than any vice-president, or, for God himself. Denying all but power rela- ing with Ukrainian American artists, writ- that matter, president, in U.S. history. You tions, post-modernism questions the very ers, and musicians. Initiatives in online compromise is not a dirty word. He sees political opponents as just that, and not as can rest assured that a Biden administra- existence of truth, of good and evil, and adult education are promising; they tion will maintain, and expand, as neces- negates the possibility of love. While mod- should continue. Our laity can form liturgi- the enemy – in contrast to all too many in the far-left and far-right of the political sary, sanctions against Russia. It will pro- ernism and post-modernism are not new, cal literacy study groups or book clubs, vide substantial support for Ukraine, it is only with the spread of education and remotely if necessary. Inviting the laity to spectrum. Perhaps I will be eating my words – but including lethal weapons and other mili- communications that they have attained elect representatives to Church councils tary assistance. It also means substantial cultural dominance. could impel us to take more responsibility it will not surprise me if we see President Biden working cooperatively with aid to Ukraine in the areas of economic It is thus no wonder that college stu- for our Church. development, civil society/democracy/ dents – or high school students taught by We have a great deal to learn from Republicans in the Senate and even the House to tackle at least some of the myriad rule of law, energy security, health, envi- college-educated teachers – typically lose American Roman Catholics, Orthodox, challenges facing the United States. This ronment and agriculture. This non-securi- their faith and leave the Church. For few Evangelicals, and others. Many American does not mean by any stretch of the imagi- ty assistance, too, is essential to strength- have the mental and moral equipment to intellectuals are interested in the Eastern nation that everyone will be sitting around ening Ukraine’s independence. subject recent intellectual trends to critical churches. But where is our own intelligen- the campfire singing “kumbaya,” agreeing As vice-president, Mr. Biden rightly criti- appraisal. Even fewer have the imagina- tsia? Drawing on both our Eastern on everything, but that is almost never the cized Ukraine for its endemic corruption, tion to chart a different course. Christian Christian theological sources and our case in a genuine democracy – nor should recognizing it as a threat to Ukraine’s thinkers who attempt to do this often find national experience, they could contribute it be. national security. You can bet that he will richly to American religious life. themselves on the sidelines of both popu- But at least now we have a chance for push Ukraine on reforms, especially in the Yet the above-cited statistics suggest lar and academic discourse. less toxicity in American politics and a res- area of rule of law, all the more-so because that the Ukrainian Catholic Church is at At the same time, religion is being toration of some degree of civility. With they have stalled, and even backslid, within risk. Perhaps we need to get back to basics replaced by politics. For Leftist youth, poli- time Americans may even regain some of the last year. With a Biden administration, – to the eucharistic community. As tics has become a “religion without God.” the faith in our government and other Ukraine can expect some tough love. This Metropolitan Borys has pointed out, the For some Christians on the Right, politics institutions that has been lost in recent may mean not only pushing on reforms, Soviet-era catacomb Church offers useful has subsumed religion. In our society, reli- decades and that has made us more vul- but even perhaps occasionally using condi- lessons. It may even serve as a model. We gion offers only one of many options for nerable to disinformation – including that tionality (tying aid disbursement to fulfill- may lose some of our church buildings. what to believe and how to live. To many emanating from Moscow. It helps greatly ment of benchmarks) to encourage prog- of our contemporaries, notions we take for Having failed to nourish vocations in our that our new president is a person of char- ress, as is already the case with respect to a granted – the immortal soul, an immutable own families, and depending on “import- acter, decency, empathy, judgement and portion of U.S. military assistance. It ethics and morality, the value of worship ed” clergy formed in a very different soci- vast experience in both domestic and remains to be seen whether there will be and ritual – are utterly alien. Such notions ety, we may soon lack pastors. The occa- international affairs. One need not agree more emphasis on the “tough” or on the are being questioned – and rejected. sional visit by an itinerant priest celebrat- with all of the policies that will come out of “love,” but you can be sure that it will come This does not mean that our churches ing the liturgy in a private home may rep- his administration, but it will be more than from a good place – from an administra- should dilute their message to suit the resent the Church of the future. That might refreshing to have someone like him in the tion that wants Ukraine to succeed as a sta- times. Quite the opposite. A clear, robust, not be such a bad thing. It could bring us to White House. ble, secure and prosperous, democratic and challenging message inspires. A flac- our senses. And I have utmost confidence that the partner to the Trans-Atlantic community. cid, opportunistic and accommodationist This is the final “Cross-Currents” col- Biden administration, and Congress, on a And Mr. Biden will do so with strong bi- one elicits yawns. Tradition reminds us umn. It has been an honor and a pleasure bipartisan basis, will support Ukraine. cameral, bi-partisan support from the U.S. that Christ’s teaching is for all times and to write for you. Thank you for reading. Joe Biden understands the dangers Congress. places. But we should keep the contempo- posed by the Kremlin’s aggression in its rary context in mind, and find ways to con- Andrew Sorokowski can be reached at neighborhood and malign influence all Orest Deychakiwsky may be reached at vey His message in terms that today’s soci- [email protected]. over the world. He knows Russia is a [email protected]. 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 No. 2

ANALYZING DEMOGRAPHIC DATA New data released on the First Wave of immigrants from Ukraine to the United States The following article is divided into two parts. The first grant’s demographic and socio-economic characteristics part below addresses the timing, place of birth and mother than the one available until now (this topic will be Table 2. tongue of Ukrainian immigrants to the United States, as well addressed in Part 2 of this article). Immigrants born in or Ukraine as their distribution within the U.S., and it provides insights Messrs. Bachynskyj and Halich based their estimates of by mother tongue: U.S. 1920 and 1930 into the development of the socio-cultural identity of the number of First Wave immigrants on data from the 1920 Commissioner-Gener­ al of Immigration Yearly Reports. Mr. Ukrainian immigrants. The second part, which will be pub- Mother lished in the following issue of The Ukrainian Weekly, will Bachynskyj used the yearly time series for the 1899-1909 tongue Galicia Ukraine Sum % address Ukrainian immigrant’s characteristics, such as age period (his book was published in 1914), while Mr. Halich and sex, education (literacy), knowledge of English, family used the same data but extended the time series to 1930 Polish 105,360 260 105,620 58.3 structure, employment status, class of worker, occupation (his book was published in 1937). Mr. Halich took these Jewish* 31,840 4,280 36,120 19.9 and homeownership. data at face value and adopted 268,000 as his estimate of Ruthenian 9,860 60 9,920 5.5 the total number of Ukrainian immigrants during the peri- Part 1 Ukrainian 85,560 3,300 11,860 6.5 od 1899-1930. Mr. Bachynskyj gave the official figure of L.Russian 100 0 100 0.1 119,000 for the period 1899-1909. He then adjusted this by Oleh Wolowyna Other 15,300 2,380 17,680 9.8 number for Ukrainian immigrants listed under other Immigration of Ukrainians to the United States is divid- nationalities, added estimates of immigrants for the 1877- Sum 171,020 10,280 181,300 100.0 ed into four periods or waves: the First Wave, which took 1898 period, and presented a figure of 393,000 for the Percent 94.3 5.7 100.0 place from the late 19th to early 20th century; the Second period 1877-1909. The year 1914 is consider to be the end 1930 Wave, which took place during the interwar period; the of the First Wave, as the number of immigrants dropped Third Wave, which took place after World War II; and the Mother drastically starting in 1915. If added to this estimate is the tongue Galicia Ukraine Sum % Fourth Wave, which began following Ukraine’s indepen- official number of 135,000 Ukrainian immigrants for the dence in 1991. Thanks to data collected in censuses and period 1910-1914, then the total number of immigrants Ruthenian 45 5 50 0.2 surveys, there is reliable information about the Fourth for the period 1877-1914 is 528,000. This is, arguably, a Ukrainian 3,250 8,960 12,210 43.8 Wave. Data on the other three waves, however, has been rather high number but, as will be demonstrated, census L.Russian 15 15 30 0.1 limited for mainly two reasons: first, there was a lack of a data does not allow for a better estimate of the number of Jewish* 4,660 3,295 7,955 28.5 clear understanding at the time of the concepts of immigrants in the First Wave. Polish 3,185 380 3,565 12.8 “Ukrainian” and “Ukrainian language,” especially among Table 1 presents data on the total number of immigrants Other 2,160 1,910 4,070 14.6 immigrants of the First Wave; second, Ukraine was not an for 1910, 1920 and 1930 according to two definitions: a) independent country during the first three waves. place of birth (Galicia and Ukraine); b) mother tongue Sum 13,315 14,565 27,880 100.0 The main sources of statistics on the First Wave are the (Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Little Russian). The numbers fluctu- Percent 47.8 52.2 100.0 Annual Reports of the Commissioner General of Immig­ ate widely between censuses and according to the two defi- * Includes Jewish, Yiddish and Hebrew. ration for the years 1899-1930, previously analyzed by nitions within each census. They cannot be used to esti- Profs. Yulian Bachynskyj, Wasyl Halich and Myron Kuropas. mate the actual number of immigrants. Census data also do Recently released data from the 1910, 1920 and 1930 not provide the elements for estimating the number of The evolution of the ethno cultural identity of immi- censuses provide new information about these immi- Ukrainians born in the U.S. The only criteria available for grants can be analyzed using three indicators. First, only defining Ukrainians born in the U.S. is “mother tongue,” and six percent declared Ukraine as their place of birth in this question was only asked of foreign-born individuals. 1920, while in 1930 this percentage was 52. Second, none Table 1. If immigrants born in Galicia and Ukraine by mother of the immigrants mentioned any of the three languages Number of immigrants according to tongue are tabulated, as well as immigrants with the three (Ruthenian, Ukrainian or Little Russian) as their mother two definitions and three censuses: mother tongues by place of birth, changes in these data tongue in 1910. Only 12 percent of these immigrants U.S. 1910, 1920, 1930 from one census to the next provide insights on the evolu- chose one of the three Ukrainian mother tongues in 1920. Immigrants by 1910 1920 1930 tion of their ethno cultural identity. In 1930 Ruthenian and Little Russian were hardly men- Table 2 shows immigrants born in Galicia and Ukraine tioned and 44 percent of all immigrants declared Place of birth* 200 181,300 27,880 by mother tongue in 1920 and 1930. (data for 1910 are not Ukrainian as their mother tongue. A third indicator is the Mother tongue** 16,275 44,260 58,845 provided, as the total number of immigrants born in Galicia relative distribution of Ruthenian, Ukrainian and Little or Ukraine registered in 1910 is only 200 – see Table 1). Russian within the sum of these three languages. Among * Galicia and Ukraine Mother tongue “Jewish” is an aggregate of several related immigrants who declared in 1920 one of these three lan- ** Ruthenian, Ukrainian and Little Russian languages listed in the census data. guages as their mother tongue, 54 percent mentioned Ukrainian and 45 percent Ruthenian as their mother grants. The Center for Demographic and tongue; Little Russian was hardly mentioned. In 1930 Table 3. Socio-Economic Research of Ukrainians in practically all immigrants in this group declared Ukrainian the U.S. at the Shevchenko Scientific Society Immigrants born in Galicia or Ukraine as their mother tongue. has started to analyze the previously unre- by mother tongue: U.S. 1920 and 1930 Table 3 presents data on immigrants defined by their leased data. 1910 mother tongue: Ruthenian, Ukrainian or Little Russian, The main difficulty in analyzing the First Mother tongue classified by place of birth. According to this definition, the Wave is that Ukraine did not exist as an Birth place Ruthenian Ukrainian Little Russian Sum % total number of immigrants increases with time: 16, 000 in independent country and its territory was Austria 10,610 0 640 11,250 69.1 1910, 44,000 in 1920 and 67,000 in 1930. The data also divided among several countries. Concepts show a gradual shift from Ruthenian to Ukrainian mother Hungary 2,450 0 10 2,460 15.1 like “Ukrainian identity” and “Ukrainian tongue among these immigrants. In 1910 almost all immi- language” were not fully developed during Other USSR/Russia 1,575 0 740 2,315 14.2 grants (91 percent) declared Ruthenian as their mother this period. As pointed out by Prof. Other 205 0 45 250 1.5 tongue and Ukrainian was not even mentioned. In 1920 Kuropas in his foreword to the book “Atlas Total 14,840 0 1,435 16,275 100.0 close to half declared Ukrainian as their mother tongue and of Ukrainians in the U.S.,” “before 1914, Percent 91.2 0.0 8.8 100 this percentage grew to 88 in 1930. Percentages with most people who left Ukraine for the United Little Russian mother tongue declined from nine percent in States were illiterate. They identified with 1920 1910 to two percent in 1920 and 1930. their village. There was no Ukrainian ethno Mother tongue Trends in place of birth of these immigrants are contra- cultural identity. Many immigrants called Birth place Ruthenian Ukrainian Little Russian Sum % dictory. Neither Galicia nor Ukraine was mentioned in themselves Rusyns () or Little Galicia 9,860 8,560 100 18,520 41.8 1910. Half of all immigrants mentioned Galicia (42 per- Russians.” Austria 9,980 4,500 240 14,720 33.3 cent) or Ukraine (8 percent) as their place of birth in 1920. Two census questions are available for Other USSR/Russia 820 3,540 400 4,760 10.8 In 1930, however, only 13 percent said they were born in identifying immigrants from Ukraine: Ukraine 60 3,300 0 3,360 7.6 Ukraine and five percent in Galicia. More than half of the “place of birth” and “mother tongue.” They Other 1,920 960 20 2,900 6.6 immigrants with the three Ukrainian mother tongues provide two possible definitions of immi- declared Poland as their place of birth. Total 22,640 20,860 760 44,260 100.0 grants from Ukraine: a) born in Galicia or Despite its limitations, the data provide evidence of a Ukraine; b) with mother tongue Ruthenian, Percent 51.2 47.1 1.7 100.0 process of increased identification with Ukraine as the Ukrainian or Little Russian. These are very 1930 immigrant’s place of birth and Ukrainian as their mother different concepts and define different sub- Mother tongue tongue. Two possible explanations of these trends are as populations. Place of birth implies a region Birth place Ruthenian Ukrainian Little Russian Sum % follows: a) they reflect the dynamics of the formation of with a fixed territory. Mother tongue – Ukrainian ethno cultural identity in the late 19th and early Poland 825 32,600 255 33,680 50.6 defined as the principal foreign language 20th century in Ukraine; b) they are indicators of the suc- spoken at home during one’s earliest child- Ukraine 5 8,960 15 8,980 13.5 cess of the enlightenment campaign by the Ukrainian hood – is usually a narrower concept. Austria 570 7,555 60 8,185 12.3 National Association with its newspaper “Svoboda,” and Despite their limitations, these definitions Czechoslovakia 4,535 795 555 5,885 8.8 the work of several groups and institutions organized by can be used to address at least three issues: Galicia 45 3,250 15 3,310 5.0 the immigrants. This process was labelled by Prof. Kuropas a) evaluation of estimates of the size of the Other USSR/Russia 170 2,655 365 3,190 4.8 as a move “from Ruthenian to Ukrainian.” First Wave; b) evolution of the immigrant’s The censuses also provide data on place of residence by understanding of their ethno-cultural iden- Total 6,420 58,845 1,305 66,570 100.0 tity; c) a more detailed picture of the immi- Percent 9.6 88.4 2.0 100.0 (Continued on page 12) No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 9

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Edmonton branch of the League of Ukrainian Canadian Women announces winners of first annual high school Holodomor essay contest

Marya Stelmach Khrystyna Kornylo Tetyana Shelevach Teanna Mackney Amelia Brown Thomas Blades

by Lidia M. Wasylyn Holodomor, to honor the victims and to Kornylo is a student in the 11th grade in Folklore. She taught Ukrainian in the understand why it is important to remem- the English-Ukrainian Bilingual Program at English-Ukrainian bilingual program, as EDMONTON, Alberta – Nobel Peace ber this particular historical event in Austin O’Brien Catholic High School in well as at the university level. Later, she Prize Laureate and former United Nations 2020. Edmonton. taught social studies and history at the high Secretary General Kofi Annan once said As a result, the Edmonton branch of the The first-place winners received $250, school level for the Edmonton Catholic that “a genocide begins with the killing of LUCW recently announced the winners of while second place winners received $200, School Board. Marco Levytsky, the second one man – not for what he has done, but the 2020 Holodomor Essay Contest. In the third place winners received $150 and judge, is Western Bureau Chief for The New because of who he is.” This concept reflects junior high school category, all the winners fourth place received $100. Pathway-Ukrainian News, as well as a long- the tragic truth of all genocides and the were grade 9 students in the English- The LUCW was delighted to have three serving member of the Ukrainian Canadian Holodomor is no exception. Ukrainian Bilingual Program and attend respected professionals as judges for the Congress National Holodomor Committee The Edmonton branch of the League of Archbishop Jordan Catholic High School in essay contest. Rena Hanchuk is a graduate and an award-winning professional jour- Ukrainian Canadian Women (LUCW) Sherwood Park, Alberta. Marya Stelmach of the University of Alberta where she nalist. Boris Radyo taught various subjects established a Holodomor Essay contest in won first place, Teanna Mackney won sec- earned her bachelor of arts and master of 2020 to help young adults develop a deep- ond place, Amelia Brown took third place arts degrees in Ukrainian Language and (Continued on page 12) er understanding of the Holodomor – the and Thomas Blades won fourth place. Ukrainian Famine Genocide of 1932-1933. In the high school category, Tetyana The Contest encouraged junior and senior Shelevach won first place. Ms. Shelevach is assembled with him also delivered brief high school students in Ukrainian-English a student in the 10th grade at the Tempo Ukraine President... New Year greetings. bilingual programs in the Edmonton area School in Edmonton. She also attends the He also mentioned that this year and the Ivan Franko School of Ukrainian Ivan Franko School of Ukrainian Studies. (Continued from page 1) Ukraine will celebrate 30 years of indepen- Studies to learn more about the Khrystyna Kornylo won second place. Ms. Mr. Zelenskyy has faced criticism for dence and that much work lies ahead to how the infrastructure project has been improve the country, including the usher- partly financed. In November, the Finance ing of conclusive peace in the war and his Ministry released figures for how the coun- desire to not say that “Crimea is Ukraine on try’s $2.4 billion COVID-19 fund has been the internet” but to say it “while standing used and how much had been allocated as on the sand in Yalta, on Ukrainian sand, on TO PLACE YOUR AD CALL WALTER HONCHARYK (973) 292-9800 x3040 of November 27, 2020. a Ukrainian beach in Ukrainian Yalta.” or e-mail [email protected] About 56 percent had been used with Praise and criticism ensued on social only $204 million going toward the con- media and in blog posts following the pres- SERVICES PROFESSIONALS struction or renovation of medical facilities ident’s greeting, including commentary and compensation for medical staff. The regarding the unusual format he used in bulk of the funds – 55 percent – had gone which he addressed the country surround- МАРІЯ ДРИЧ toward road construction. ed by children. Ліцензований Продавець Mr. Zelenskyy addressed his detractors Journalist Kateryna Shumylo said on Страхування Життя over the year as “throwers of dirt on the fan Facebook that it “was the best and most МАRІA DRICH of social [media] networks,” inferring that heartfelt greeting from the president. Licensed Life Insurance Agent under previous and future presidents, Strength is in unity.” Ukrainian National Assn., Inc. some voters “will be left with posts, and Translator Serhiy Lunin wrote on social 2200 Route 10, Parsippany, NJ 07054 some will be left with bridges.” media that Mr. Zelenskyy spoke to the Tel.: 973-292-9800 ext. 3011 Toward the end of his address, Mr. nation as equals. e-mail: [email protected] Zelenskyy asked that the residents of the It was “the first time I saw the presi- occupied parts of Luhansk and Donetsk dent’s address to the person, instead of to oblasts as well as in Russia-annexed the population, to equals, instead of to the SERVICES Crimea “turn their clocks” back one hour, in masses,” he said. reference to the time difference between Philosopher and translator Oleksiy Ukraine and the time zone in which Panych wrote in a blog that the use of chil- Moscow is located. dren and the tone and manner in which the Speaking in Russian, Mr. Zelenskyy said president spoke smacked of the “govern- that the Ukrainians in the occupied regions ment’s paternalism” and “infantilism” with “are living in a different time, in another regard to its treatment of “the nation.” time, too,” in reference to what many see as Mr. Zelenskyy subsequently published an authoritarian, war-mongering neigh- separate greetings, lasting around 60 sec- bour. onds, to each region, including Crimea, on HELP WANTED “So, Donbas and Crimea, turn back the their respective Facebook pages. He spoke clock, be with us. Are you ready? We are in Russian, not Crimea Tatar, when address- also,” Mr. Zelenskyy said before the children ing inhabitants of the occupied peninsula. Dental Receptionist wanted Join our award winning team! Work at a beautiful place with positive energy. Great opportunity PACKAGES, CARS for professional growth! Training on site. Immediate hire for P/T or F/T. AND CONTAINERS Benefi ts package. TO UKRAINE Please text us at 917-849-9311. OPPORTUNITIES Travel services: Air tickets to Ukraine and other countries • Shipment of packages, cars and containers to Ukraine and other countries • Ukrainian EARN EXTRA INCOME! WANT IMPACT? and European CDs for sale • Ukrainian souvenirs and kerchiefs for sale. The Ukrainian Weekly is looking for advertising sales agents. Run your advertisement here, ROSELLE, NJ CLIFTON, NJ PHILADELPHIA, PA For additional information contact in The Ukrainian Weekly’s 645 W 1st Ave. 565 Clifton Ave. 1916 Welsh Rd., Unit 3 Walter Honcharyk, Advertising Manager, Tel.: 908-241-2190 Tel.: 973-916-1543 Tel.: 215-969-4986 CLASSIFIEDS section. The Ukrainian Weekly, 973-292-9800, ext 3040. 888-336-4776 215-728-6040 No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 11

in Libya, which Russian officials have NEWSBRIEFS denied. Mr. Shugalei and the foundation (Continued from page 2) are widely known to have links to the Internet Research Agency, a St. Petersburg- strike that killed the powerful commander based organization known as the Russian of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, “troll farm.” (RFE/RL’s Russian Service, Major General Qasem Soleimani, in based on reporting by AFP and Interfax) With sorrow we share the sad news Baghdad five days earlier. (RFE/RL’s Radio that our mother, grandmother and aunt Farda, with reporting by Reuters) Crimea, Ukraine suffering from water shortages Foundation: Ukrainian prisoner freed in Libya Because of Moscow’s complaints Doris Horbachevsky against Kyiv, the entire world knows that passed into eternal rest on December 14, 2020. A Moscow-based foundation with links Russian-occupied Crimea is suffering from to the Vagner Group, a Russian military a serious water crisis (windowoneurasia2. A panakhyda was held on December 17 at Farley’s Funeral Home, contractor force, says three Russians and blogspot.com/2020/12/putin-says-fresh- followed by a funeral liturgy on December 18 at the Presentation of one Ukrainian national have been freed water-supplies-under.html), but few are the Most Holy Mother of God Ukrainian Catholic Church in North Port, from captivity in Libya. Aleksandr aware that the rest of Ukraine is suffering Florida. Malkevich, head of the Foundation for the from the same problem. Recognizing that Burial services were held on December 22 at Holy Spirit Ukrainian Protection of Traditional Values, said on reality is critical not only because of the Catholic Cemetery in Campbell Hall, New York. Telegram on January 2 that the four indi- problems declines in water supplies pres- viduals had been “kidnapped” several ent to Ukraine now and in the future but She leaves in deep sorrow: weeks ago, but did not say why they were also because these shortages both limit sons: Andrij and wife Daria, Myron and wife Tamara in Libya or who had allegedly detained what Kyiv in principle might be able to grandchildren: Natalka, Yuliana, Daniel them. The foundation says it is a “a non- agree on to help Crimea and what new nephews/nieces: Yaroslav, Taras, Roman, Christine, Melody, Taras profit organization whose activities are problems Moscow would create if it extended family and friends in the United States, Canada and Ukraine aimed at protecting the national interests launched a new military campaign to get of the Russian Federation.” Moscow has water from Ukraine. Vera Balabukh, a cli- Donations in memory of Doris Horbachevsky may be made to Revived been accused of supporting mercenaries matologist at the Ukrainian Hydro- Soldiers Ukraine: https://www.rsukraine.org fighting against the UN-backed Govern­ Meteorological Institute, says that the situ- May her memory be eternal. ment of National Accord (GNA) in the ation with regard to the availability of Libyan capital, Tripoli. The GNA is vying water in general and potable water in par- for power against strongman Khalifa ticular is becoming critical in many parts Haftar, who is supported by the United of Ukraine but especially in the east as a Arab Emirates, Russia, and Egypt. The Ділимося сумною вісткою, що в неділю, 15 листопада result of human actions (apostrophe.ua/ 2020 року, по довгій недузі відійшов у вічність Vagner Group is believed to be headed by article/society/2020-12-25/v-ukraine Russian businessman Yevgeny Prigozhin, a -ischezaet-pitevaya-voda-pod-ugrozoy- сл. п. close associate of Russian President mnogo-oblastey---klimatolog-vera-bal- Vladimir Putin. In October, the European abuh/37016). The climate is always інженер-архітект Union and Britain hit Mr. Prigozhin with changing, she notes, but now, as a result of an asset freeze and travel ban over human action, “we see happening in the ВОЛОДИМИР (Вовк) БУТЕНКО Russia’s role in Libya’s civil war. Mr. course of a single generation that which Prigozhin “is engaged in and providing народжений 7 січня 1939 року в Харкові earlier took place over the course of 500 в родині Івана та Александри (Тижненко) Бутенко. support” for the Vagner Group, threaten- years.” Our winters are shortening, our ing Libya’s “peace, stability, and security,” falls lengthening, and our climate shifting Св. п. Володимир був власником архітектурної фірми Butenko according to the bloc. In December, the in the direction of the Mediterranean pat- Architects у Сиракюз, Н. Й. Foundation for the Protection of tern. Until very recently, Ms. Balabukh Traditional Values said two of its employ- says, experts in Ukraine talked about cli- Покійний був активний в українській громаді, де і коли було по- ees were released in Libya where they had mate change only as something that трібно, а спеціяльно в обох українських кредитівках в Рочестері та been held since May 2019. Mr. Malkevich would affect the situation in the far distant Сиракуз. У своєму професійному знанні проєктував Українську Пра- said on December 10 that Russian citizens future. But now, she continues, they вославну церкву св. Луки у Сиракуз, як також доми молитви у Сира- Maksim Shugalei and Samer Khasan Ali understand that this is “a very serious куз та околиці. Вложив вклад у перебудові Української Кредитівки Sueifan had been released and would problem” here and now. In some places як також каплички на цвинтарі св. Івана Хрестителя. Проєктував та- return to Moscow. Libyan authorities said already, there isn’t enough potable water кож пам’ятник Тараса Шевченка в Сиракуз. Був активний у Пласті як Mr. Shugalei, who is also a lawmaker in or even water for agriculture and industry. виховник, належав до пластового куреня „Чорноморці“, де активно Russia’s northern Komi Republic, and his “In general,” she continued, “Ukraine is not працював на переводині морських таборів. Любив природу і часто interpreter Mr. Sueifan, were arrested on very well supplied with potable water.” насолоджувався нею. В місцевій американській громаді посвячував suspicion of trying to influence elections (Paul Goble of Window on Eurasia) свій час на різні not-for-profit цілі, а спеціяльно проєктував доми для поранених ветеранів, „Wounded Warriors Project“. 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Table 5 presents the percent of immigrants in New data released... the 10 most populous metropolitan areas in 1910 Table 4. (Continued from page 8) and 1920, as well as absolute numbers in 1920. A States with 10 largest numbers of immigrants comparative analysis of the two years illustrates born in Galicia or Ukraine: US, 1920 state and metropolitan area. Using the definition of their progressive urbanization and a residential migrants born in Galicia and Ukraine, states and metropoli- shift from the northeast towards the west. State Number % State Number % tan areas with the largest numbers of immigrants in 1920 The percent of those immigrants who did not New York 53,980 29.8 Ohio 11,440 6.3 can be listed and compared with the immigrant’s distribu- reside in a metropolitan area dropped from 26 Pennsylvania 36,200 20.0 Michigan 9,800 5.4 tion by metropolitan areas between 1910 and 1920 to percent in 1910 to 13 percent in 1920. This illustrate their gradual spatial expansion from the original change indicates that, with time, immigrants New Jersey 18,780 10.4 Connecticut 6,880 3.8 settlement areas. started moving from rural areas or small towns Illinois 15,300 8.4 Wisconsin 3,800 2.1 Table 4 shows numbers and the percent of immigrants to big cities. The decrease in the percent of Massachusetts 13,940 7.7 Rhode Island 2,120 1.2 in the 10 states with the largest number of immigrants in immigrants in the 10 most populous metropoli- Sum 172,240 95.0 1920. These states encompass 95 percent of all immi- tan areas from 87 percent in 1910 to 82 percent grants. Most immigrants – 73 percent – resided in north in 1920 indicates a gradual spatial dispersion. In 1920 a third metropolitan areas was added, Detroit, and eastern states and 22 percent resided in Illinois, Ohio, More specifically, 17 percent of immigrants in these metro- the percentage in the east north central region increased to Michigan and Wisconsin. politan areas resided in two cities: Chicago and Cleveland. 18 percent. Census data on immigrant’s place of residence is a sig- Table 5. nificant improvement on what has been known so far. Prof. Percent immigrants born in Galicia or Ukraine, in the 10 most populous metropolitan areas: Halich’s data on state’s residence is from the Annual US, 1910 and 1920 Immigration Reports and is based on the immigrant’s desired or expected destination, as stated at the port of Metropolitan area 1910 % Metropolitan area 1920 % thousands entry. This destination is not necessarily the place where Not in an MSA 26.3 New York, NY-Northeastern NJ 31.1 56.3 they ended up living. A census registers the actual place of Pittsburgh, PA 20.9 Not in an MSA 12.7 23.1 residence of each person and this information is much more accurate. For example, the cumulative number of New York, NY-Northeastern NJ 16.1 Chicago, IL 8.6 15.6 immigrants during the 1899-1930 period who named on Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA 8.7 Pittsburgh, PA 4.7 8.5 their arrival Pennsylvania as their state of residence was Chicago, IL 3.3 Detroit, MI 4.7 8.4 114,000, while the actual number residing in the state in Johnstown, PA 3.2 Cleveland, OH 4.4 8.0 1920 was 20,000. Cleveland, OH 2.6 Springfield-Holyoke, MA 4.3 7.8 Oleh Wolowyna is Director of the Center for Demographic Binghamton, NY 2.2 Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA 4.0 7.2 and Socio-economic Research of Ukrainians in the U.S. at the Philadelphia, PA/NJ 2.1 Philadelphia, PA/NJ 4.0 7.2 Shevchenko Scientific Society, and research fellow at the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 2.0 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 3.6 6.5 Center for Slavic, Eurasian and Eastern European Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He can be Sum 87.4 Sum 82.1 148.6 reached via email at [email protected].

than in the West, where it seems that face of a threat like “surveillance capital- Fr. Maciej Zięba Europe has been turned into an economic ism.” Algorithms in social networks and an Dear Maciej, thank you! Poland and or legal union without a distinct soul, a archive of metadata about all of us (espe- Ukraineindividuals will as miss Maciej you. Zięba. Scores of wonderful (Continued from page 6) union which today is not always capable of cially photo banks of our faces, our finger- young people – theologians, intellectuals, persuading its countries and cultivating the prints, internet search histories, etc.) are communicators – bear your legacy in the his energy in spirited volleyball matches loyalty and constructive cooperation of being used to better determine our con- Ukrainian community. Together with them, with the Dominican brothers. If one counts their polarized citizens. It is sad to see duct, first as consumers, then politically (as I commend you to God. We begin this year the winter sessions, altogether there are today’s superficial populism, commercial was revealed by the scandal concerning the in sadness, but also in the hope of the close to 1,500 graduates of the Tertio materialism, and ideological fanaticism, use of personal data from Facebook by Resurrection. We will go forward with the Millennio Institute. which crowd out the refined vision and Cambridge Analytica in hundreds of elec- hope and the vision by which you lived. From the mid-1980s, I had the great toral campaigns), and eventually our gener- I extend my sincere condolences to the privilege to become acquainted with Polish In recent years, when we saw in Poland al social conduct. Ukraine, too, is a laborato- Order of Dominicans, to family members, to communities that became the catalysts of nobilitya bifurcation of such of figures views as and Maciej ideologies, Zięba. Fr. ry for such schemes, and Ukrainians are the friends, and to the entire Church in Poland the fall of the communist system in Eastern Maciej embodied a wise and open, but guineapigs. We will need both the faith and and the Polish people. Europe and thus contributed to the col- intellectually precise, spiritually principled the intellect, and the sense of humor, too, of May he rest with the saints! lapse of the Soviet Union. I am not about to and critical middle ground. This legacy Eternal memory! canonize them, but I can testify that in remains, and we will return to it. Perhaps of the first attempts of truly total control these communities there prevailed a high with time. thoseover human who, like beings. Fr. Zięba, led the world out Archbishop Borys Gudziak heads the spirit and farsighted strategic goals which I must say with regret that it is not easy - Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Phila­ to a great extent were achieved. ation honed by the struggle for liberation delphia and is metropolitan of Ukrainian This was a period when Christian intel- for they were formed by an experience that fromIndeed, communism, Maciej Zięba which belonged in a constant to a gener con- Catholics in the United States. tocannot replace be suchrepeated, individuals at least as not Maciej exactly. Zięba, At versation with John Paul II constructively played a leading role in world history. It great cost, a pleiad of spiritual warriors – built a new Polish democracy on the basis of waslectuals their in open Poland, philosophical, led by Karol spiritual, Wojtyła, and conscientious, not noisy or entangled in Christian anthropology, with its understand- social discussions and texts, their literary public-relations strategies, and intellectual- ing of God-given human dignity. They were and artistic creativity, which contributed to ly penetrating – was formed. Of course, it is able and willing to discuss, to explain, to cooperation with the workers’ movement good that the horrors of totalitarianism are write, to organize and to engage their neigh- and the formation of political programs for behind us. But we will miss those who bors in the pilgrimage of solidarity. With the the development of democracy. Today, we defeated it. passing of Fr. Maciej, we have lost not only all benefit from the fruits of their generous Their experience is again becoming nec- an outstanding person, but a part of the spir- labors. They cultivated a profound cultural- essary. Only with spiritual-intellectual vir- itual history of Poland and Ukraine – indeed, spiritual understanding of Europe, its histo- tues and qualities will it be possible to of the world, for our world and everything ry and its mission – often more profound defend freedom and human dignity in the that is good in it rests upon such God-loving

the recognition of the Holodomor as geno- time to assess the essays and provide per- Edmonton... cide – in 2008, the Legislative Assembly of sonalized comments to each entrant. The (Continued from page 10) Alberta unanimously passed bill 37, organization also thanked the Brotherhood “Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodo­ of Ukrainian Catholics, Alberta branch, who at the elementary, junior and senior high mor) Memorial Day Act.” Other recent provided generous financial support for the levels and also served as principal at sever- projects supported by the branch include administrative costs of running the essay al schools in Edmonton. His most recent The Pier 21 project at the Canadian contest. position was assistant superintendent for Museum of Immigration, as well as the Plans are already underway for the 2021 educational planning with the Edmonton Guardian Angels Ukraine Project, which Holodomor Essay Contest. Given that the Catholic School District, a position he held supports medical treatment for and reha- Holodomor is a subject in the Alberta cur- for 11 years before retiring in 2018. bilitation and social re-integration of sol- riculum, the Edmonton Branch of the The Edmonton branch of the LUCW was diers wounded in the war in eastern LUCW is considering opening up the con- established in 1953. Over the decades, the Ukraine. test to all junior and senior high school stu- branch has engaged in political advocacy, The Edmonton Branch of the LUCW con- dents in the Edmonton area. cultural and educational programming for gratulated all the participants and winners youth and families, as well as various chari- of the 2020 Holodomor Essay Contest and Lidia M. Wasylyn is a member of the table works. The Edmonton branch is thanked the contest judges for their enthu- League of Ukrainian Canadian Women, extremely proud of its work advocating for siasm and willingness to volunteer their Edmonton branch. No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 13 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 No. 2

Trio of Ukrainian defensemen stars shine in NHL campaign

At the conclusion of every National a pro knows he’s had a really good first sea- Hockey League game there is a spotlight son when he is selected as the NHL’s rookie shown on the game’s three top performers, of the year. Makar began the 2019-2020 known as the three stars. In reviewing the regular season with points in each of his abbreviated 2019-2020 NHL season, first five games, the fifth defenseman in Ukrainian style, yours truly has taken the league history to open his career with a three stars tradition a step further with his five-game point streak. He was named the selection of the three most outstanding NHL’s Rookie of the Month for November Ukrainian players of the year, who all hap- after leading all defensemen in points (16) pen to be defensemen. and goals (7) in 14 November games. His Third Star – Adam Pelech, New York 16 points were the third-most ever by a Islanders rookie defenseman in November and the Second Star – Jamie Oleksiak, Dallas most by a rookie defenseman in any month Stars since fellow-Ukrainian Alexei Zhitnik’s (19) First Star – Cale Makar, Colorado in March 1993. Makar surpassed the NHL.com Avalanche 20-point mark on November 16, becoming Cale Makar of the Colorado Avalanche. All three can be described as most pleas- just the fourth defenseman in NHL history ant surprises, each for a most unique rea- and the first since 1980-1981 to record 20 Oleksiak a two-way force Islanders welcome Pelech’s return son: Makar due to his youth and inexperi- or more points in his first 20 career games. In the second period of Game One of the Pelech took for granted his season was ence, Oleksiak because he exceeded all Makar finished second among NHL Stanley Cup Finals, Jamie Oleksiak over when he ruptured his Achilles’ tendon realistic expectations, and Pelech for rookies in scoring with 50 points (12G, swooped deep into the slot to collect a pass on January 2. He had no idea the NHL returning from a serious injury. All three 38A) in 57 games. His 0.88 points-per- from Alexander Radulov. After his first would pause play due to COVID-19 some were hugely relevant playoff performers game average led all rookies and tied for shot, Oleksiak pulled the rebound around a two months later. Almost seven months for their clubs: Makar was a top point pro- the third-highest total by a rookie defense- sprawling Luke Schenn and beat Tampa later he returned to the ice, reunited with ducer for the second-round bound man in NHL history (minimum 50 games Bay goaltender Andrei Vasilevskiy high. top-pair partner Ryan Pulock, in an exhibi- Avalanche, Oleksiak’s physical presence played). Only Brian Leetch (1.04, Rangers, The goal was Oleksiak’s fifth of the playoffs, tion game prior to the team’s best-of-five intimidating opposing forwards combined 1988-1989) and Larry Murphy (0.95, matching his career regular-season high, qualifying series against Florida. with some surprising offensive production Kings, 1980-1981) averaged more. and stood up as the game winner. He pro- The top-pair’s steady defensive play and helped his Stars to the Stanley Cup finals, Makar led Colorado’s blueline in points, duced an assist, seven hits, three blocked Pelech’s postseason emergence as the no- while Pelech’s welcome return to a formi- goals and assists, all franchise records for a shots and a plus-2 rating in a 3-2 double doubt-about-it best shutdown option was a dable blueline spurred the Islanders to the rookie defenseman. His four game-winning overtime win over the Lightning in Game 5. key factor in the Islanders’ run to the Eastern Conference finals. tallies were also a franchise mark for a He was his usual physical self in the con- Eastern Conference Finals, their deepest first-year backliner. He went on to record Makar NHL’s top rookie test, but his secondary assist on Corey playoff run in 27 years. In 21 postseason 15 points (4G, 11A) in 15 contests during Perry’s goal increased his playoff point games, Pelech chipped in with a goal and A 21-year-old entering his initial year as the 2020 Stanley Cup Playoffs. total to nine (5G, 4A) and improved his four assists, but what was most noticeable plus/minus to a plus-11 rating. was his defensive positioning and strength, His solid pairing with Miro Heiskanen both along the walls and defending the helped propel the Dallas Stars past Calgary, front of the crease. Colorado and Vegas in the West, before He suffered his Achilles’ injury during finally losing to the Tampa Bay Lightning in pregame, off-ice warmups on January 2. At the finals. Oleksiak’s use of his 6-foot-7 the time, the questions centered not on frame to physically shut down plays and whether Pelech would be able to return bang some heavy opposition forwards and during the season, but whether he would his growth as an all-around defenseman be ready for next season’s training camp. was a major storyline in the 2020 Stanley He began skating on his own during the Cup Playoffs. This version of Oleksiak is the season’s pause, then joined his teammates one the Stars hoped would emerge when for voluntary workouts on June 8. they selected him as a first-round pick in Tkachuk brothers top forwards 2012. When general manager Jim Nill re- acquired Oleksiak from Pittsburgh last sea- Matthew (69GP- 23G- 38A- 61PTS- son, this player was in his dreams. He has 74PIM) and Brady (71- 21-23-44-106) found his footing in the NHL by firmly mak- Tkachuk are both on the verge of claiming ing his mark on the blueline with the Dallas Adam Pelech of the . Stars. (Continued on page 15) No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 15 Columbia University’s Ukrainian Studies Program to offer five courses in spring 2021 semester Ukrainian Studies Program mat. The course is aimed at both graduate January 14 Online youth camp experience, “ASC & ME,” All Saints Camp, and advanced undergraduate students. Online www.uocyouth.org NEW YORK – Columbia University’s Three levels of Ukrainian language Ukrainian Studies Program at the Harriman instruction will be taught this spring by Dr. January 15 Virtual Malanka, St. Vladimir Institute, Institute will offer five courses focusing on Yuri Shevchuk: Elementary II on Mondays, Online [email protected] or www.stvladimir.ca Ukrainian political science, language and Wednesdays and Thursdays from 11:40 visual art in the spring 2021 semester. It a.m.-12:55 p.m.; Intermediate II on January 16 Free Virtual Winter Gala, “Rekindle the Magic of Soyuzivka,” will also organize a series of lectures in Mondays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from Online Soyzuvka Ukrainian Heritage Center, hosted via Facebook, Ukrainian studies at the university. Due to 10:10-11:25 a.m.; and Advanced Ukrainian www.soyuzivka.com or https://www.facebook.com/soyuzivka the pandemic, all courses and events for Through Literature, Media and Politics on the semester will be held online. The online Mondays and Wednesdays 2:40-3:55 p.m. January 21 Webinar with Borys Wrzesnewskyj, “Russia’s Military events will be open to the public, but regis- Several events have already been sched- Online Occupation of Ukrainian Territories as Part of an Ongoing tration will be required. uled for the Spring 2021 semester. On Strategy for the Dismemberment of Ukraine,” Ukrainian Dr. Olena Martynyuk, Jacyk Postdoctoral January 28, Dr. Kate Brown (Massachusetts National Federation (Ottawa-Gatineau branch), hosted via Fellow in Ukrainian Studies at the Institute of Technology) will present her Zoom, [email protected] or 613-558-2358 Harriman Institute, will teach a new course monograph “Manual for Survival: An in the spring titled “Agents of Change: Environmental History of the Chernobyl January 22 Virtual requiem service at Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the Ukrainian Art Between Revolutions.” The Disaster” (W.W. Norton & Co., 2020). On Online Ukrainian National Republic and Ambassador Lonhyn Cehelsky course will meet Tuesdays and Thursdays February 10, Dr. Yuliya Ladygina (Assistant (diplomat of the UNR to the U.S.A.), St. Mary Ukrainian from 2:40-3:55 p.m. The course will trace Professor of Russian and Global Studies, Catholic Cemetery, Ukrainian Congress Committee of America the appearance of the avant-garde on the Pennsylvania State University) will present and the Embassy of Ukraine in the U.S.A., hosted via YouTube territory of the with a focus her book “Bridging East and West: Ol’ha and Facebook, https://bit.ly/UCCATube or on Ukrainian art as compared to Russian. Kobylians’ka, Ukraine’s Pioneering https://www.facebook.com/pg/UCCA.org/videos Examining the art aspiring not only to Modernist” (University of Toronto Press, reflect but to alter the reality originating 2019). On March 10, Dr. Oksana Reme­niaka January 26 Webinar and book launch, “The Cold War in Val-d’Or, a History both in the center and the periphery, the (National Academy of Arts of Ukraine; Online of the Ukrainian Community in Val-d’Or, Quebec” by Myron class will explore the array of strategies University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy) will Momryk, Ukrainian Genealogy Group, https://meeting.zoho.com/ employed by art for that end. The founda- give a talk entitled “Nigra sed Formosa: meeting/register?sessionId=1041432510 tional theories of avant-garde, non-con- Immersed in Sadness However Beautiful: formism, and dissident art will be studied The Problem of Returning Lost Artifacts.” January 28 Book presentation by Kate Brown, “Manual for Survival: An alongside the most celebrated and influen- All of these events will be moderated by Dr. Online Environmental History of the ,” Columbia tial examples of innovative and radical art Mark Andryczyk and will be held virtually University, https://harriman.columbia.edu from the region. at noon as Zoom webinars and streamed Beginning with socially minded realist via YouTube Live. They will not be in-per- Entries in “Out and About” are listed free of charge. Priority is given to events practices, the class will consider the impact son events. Registration will be required. advertised in The Ukrainian Weekly. However, we also welcome submissions of the collapse of the Russian and then Please see the Ukrainian Studies Program from all our readers. Items will be published at the discretion of the editors and as space allows. Please send e-mail to [email protected]. Soviet empires on art and reflect on how web page (https://harriman.columbia.edu/ the societal upheavals affect the under- programs/ukrainian-studies-program) for standing of the function and the definition more details. Also, the Ukrainian Film Club of art. The appearance of Socialist Realism will present films throughout the semester claimed by Armenia remains recognized as and the versions of opposition to it will be and will post its events on the Ukrainian Turning... part of Azerbaijan. Russian “peacekeepers” studied, from dissident undermining to Studies Program web page once dates and (Continued from page 6) control the 5 kilometer-wide Lachin corri- neglect and escapism of the second avant- times are confirmed. dor, which is the only overland access route gardes. Ukrainian art of recent decades will Courses at Columbia University are open lapsed and the self-determination of to Armenia. A major contributing factor in be studied in the context of several revolu- to students from other universities in the national identity began to emerge. reaching the latest ceasefire, observers tions (Granite, Orange, Euromaidan) that New York metropolitan area seeking credit. A ceasefire agreement was signed in have noted, was the use of modern Turkish defined its contemporary history. The class Please contact the university at which you 1994, which provided for two decades of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) on the is offered for graduate and advanced enrolled to determine whether it partici- relative stability, and the fighting reignited side of the Azerbaijanis that outclassed undergraduate students. pates in this manner with Columbia in April 2016 and lasted until November Russia’s latest military hardware and tac- In Spring 2021, Ambassador Valeriy University. Some courses are also open to 2020, when the latest ceasefire agreement tics. Kuchynskyi will teach a course titled outside individuals interested in non-credit was reached. “Ukraine: Power Politics and Diplomacy,” continuing studies. Additionally, through President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan has Source: “Azerbaidzhan refugees arrive in which will be held on Tuesdays from 2:10- the Lifelong Learners program, individuals claimed that the conflict has ended, and the Ukraine,” The Ukrainian Weekly, January 28, 4 p.m. Ukraine is at war; the country is in over age 65 who are interested in auditing self-declared “Republic of Artsakh” that is 1990. turmoil. What are the chances that the new courses may enroll at a discounted rate as government will reach a “peaceful solution” Lifelong Learners. Please visit the Columbia in the Donbas, eradicate corruption, University School of Continuing Education depth chart on the blueline side. Parayko is improve the economic situation in Ukraine (http://www.ce.columbia.edu/ Pro Hockey... no longer known strictly for his booming and implement reforms? Is there a future auditing/?PID=28) for more information. (Continued from page 14) shot and offensive game. Chychrun has for the Minsk accords? What is the signifi- January 11 is the first day of classes. For moved into the top four, combining physi- cance of the Normandy Summit? These and more information about courses or the a spot on the NHL’s elite forward list. The cality and courage with some offensive flair. other issues, including behind-the-scenes Ukrainian Studies Program at Columbia former is a key member of Calgary’s core, Johnny Boychuk (64-2-9-11-14) returned politics, power struggles and diplomatic University, readers may contact Dr. while the latter is already being mentioned from ongoing injuries to help the Islanders activities, will be addressed in the newly Andryczyk at ukrainianstudies@columbia. as a potential future Senators captain. Tyler in the playoffs. Mark Pysyk (58-9-9-18-20) revised course delivered by a career diplo- edu or 212-854-4697. Bozak (67-13-16-29-10) is still a very valu- saw time at right wing in addition to play- able face-off man, Travis Zajac (69-9-16-25- ing defense for the Panthers. Montreal’s 28) maintains a mentoring role with the Brett Kulak (56-0-7-7-12) is statistically bear. As Churchill observed back in 1946, Devils, and Curtis Lazar (38-5-5-10-9) has the Canadiens’ most efficient defender in All roads... “there is nothing the Russians admire so found a new permanent home in Buffalo limiting opponents’ quality scoring chanc- with his two-year deal. Dmytro Timashov es. Greg Pateryn (20-0-3-3-6) came back (Continued from page 3) much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than weak- (44-4-5-9-16) in Detroit and Jayce from an injury prior to the pandemic and is With the Joe Biden presidency about to ness.” This remains as true today as it was Hawryluk (26-3-7-10-16) were moved to a strong presence in front of Minnesota begin in the U.S. and German Chancellor seventy-five years ago, and the place to new organizations prior to the season’s netminder Devan Dubnyk (30GP-17W-15L- Angela Merkel set to step down in the com- demonstrate Western strength is Ukraine. shutdown, both responding positively in 2T-3.35-.890), who has experienced a cou- ing months, 2021 will be a year of change in their new surroundings. Kieffer Bellows ple of challenging seasons tending goal. the leadership of the Western world. This Peter Dickinson is a nonresident fellow at (8-2-1-3-2) should make the Islanders in Taylor Fedun (27-2-7-9-8) joined the Stars should include a fundamental rethink of the Atlantic Council and publisher of 2020-2021, while Zach Senyshyn (4-0-2-2- in a trade from Buffalo and made the most how best to approach Russia. The current Business Ukraine and Lviv Today magazines. 0) has a good shot to finally stick with the of his new lease on hockey life, even dress- policy of mild sanctions and symbolic snubs He tweets @Biz_Ukraine_Mag. Bruins. ing in 11 playoff contests. Josh Mahura (11- 1-3-4-2) impressed during his two stints has proven singularly ineffective. Expulsion This article was originally published on Parayko and Chychrun move up from the G-8 club of nations will not deter the Atlantic Council’s UkraineAlert blog on depth charts with Anaheim, hinting to a spot on the Mr. Putin from his imperial mission. (https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ Ducks’ top-six defense corps in 2020-2021. The only factor that Moscow will take ukrainealert/all-roads-lead-to-ukraine-in- St. Louis’ Colton Parayko (64-10-18-28- seriously is power, which the West has in putins-global-hybrid-war/). It is reprinted 16) and Arizona’s Jakob Chychrun (63-12- Ihor Stelmach may be reached at iman@ ample supply but has not yet brought to with permission. 14-26-38) have both climbed their team’s sfgsports.com. 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 No. 2