DOCSLIB.ORG

COVID-19 and Sustainable Mobility

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
COVID-19 and Sustainable Mobility COVID-19 and Sustainable Mobility Observations and documentation of frst developments Published on the Occasion of TUMITV on May 26th, 2020 2 Content COVID-19: A Global challenGe 1 A crisis evolves 3 Phases 1 and 2: Focus on Public Transport and getting prepared 4 Coordinated Response 4 Protection of of Staf, Infrastructure and Passengers 4 Protection of Staf and Infrastructure 6 Protection of Passengers and People 7 Coordinated Demand Management 9 Shared mobility 10 Phase 3: And the winner is…cyclinG 15 Phase 4: Post-Lockdown: Focusing again on public transport as well as on long-term prospects 17 The bill and green stimuli 19 Early observations on impact of COVID-19 21 Illustrative examples showcasing impact on emissions, demand and other aspects 21 Initial analysis of mobility trends 22 Summary 26 Annex 1: The 4 phases of COVID-19 and transport response 27 Annex 2: Case study COVID-19 and Public Transport in Tunisia 30 Annex 3: COVID-19 and Public Transport in Costa Rica The State, the bus operators and the media 31 Annex 4: In-Depth Country Observation Brazil Decrease in passenger demand in Brazil puts the transportation sector on alert 36 Annex 5: Case Study: COVID 19 and public transport in Peru The government moves towards the prevention of the contagion chain 38 Annex 6: Case Study: COVID 19 and public transport in Liberia 44 COVID-19: A global challenge When the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic their effectiveness and an overall assessment of the became an international challenge at the beginning crisis. of March 2020, we very quickly realized that the impact on the transport sector would be enormous. Figure 1: The new “normal” in Monrovia/Liberia, Not only that the transport sector is one of the Source: Yana Tumakova / GIZ transmission vectors, but also that with the social and economic constraints, it became clear that transport demand would decrease and that transport services would have to be adapted to the conditions of the emergency. We also recognized that there was (and still is) a need for direct knowledge exchange and mutual learning and therefore on the one hand set up a blog from which this publication grew, started a Twitter thread and implemented various learning formats such as webinars (e.g. on March 20, 2020 on “Combating COVID-19: The Shenzhen Bus Group’s Experience (China)”. SLOCAT has set up a resource center with links to many other efforts. The result is an initial summary - it traces, documents and provides initial orientation. It documents the period early of March to early May On the meta-level it can be observed that: 2020, i.e. the phase in which the COVID-19 crisis took on a global character. The paper concentrates ■ The global sustainable transport community on urban mobility, looks at the COVID-19 crisis itself, has come together very quickly, has jointly measures taken by cities and the respective developed solutions and communicated potential effects. It does not claim to be exhaustive them worldwide. or balanced, but focuses closely on sustainable ■ Learning from experiences by organizing and mobility solutions, such as public transport, cycling participating in webinars, social media and walking, shared mobility and public space communication and blogs works well. development. In doing so, we document ■ In particular public space gained in (positive) observations, facts and initial assessments. It is still perception; without high-quality space far too early for a full evaluation of the measures, physical/social distancing is not possible 1 We see that the transport systems in most cities confidence in transport measures – stakeholders in were and are able to cope with the immediate the health and transport sector and related areas challenges of the pandemic, but at the same time such as public safety, urban planning etc. must work we have seen that negative effects such as unequal more closely together. access to public transport, limited spaces for pedestrians and cyclists and often long commuting The paper is released on occasion of the TUMI TV distances for - often underpaid - frontline workers conference on May 26, 2020. We would like to thank are intensified or particularly negative in times of all frontline workers in the transport sector for their crisis. dedication to keep services running – UITP has put these workers in the focus of the Guardians of A central challenge remains the lack of knowledge Mobility campaign. about how the virus spreads in public spaces, public transport, etc. In particular, the questions of on which surfaces the virus adheres to for how long, how tightly it is spread and what protective measures are effective and necessary have not been adequately answered. Authorities and transport companies have taken different measures, sometimes with contradictory intentions or justification logic. This has confused users and the international community of experts rather than providing safety. Therefore, further epidemiological Figure 2 – COVID-19: Government Response studies are needed to ensure and increase Stringency Index, May 12, 2020 2 A crisis evolves Figure 3 - Four phases of COVID-19; Source Julieta Peruzzo As global crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic develops in Already as of March 26, 2020 about 2.6 billion 4 Phases: people (including 1.3 billion people in India alone) were under lockdown to contain the spread of the ■ Phase 1: Appearance of COVID-19 / few cases virus. Figure 2, as of May 12th, shows that most (containment) countries have imposed measures such as closure of school, workplaces, places of recreation, etc. ■ Phase 2: Community dispersal / community containment Phase 3 describes a phase of full lockdown with substantially reduced travel and phase 4 the easing ■ Phase 3: Epidemic dispersion / sustained of restrictions. Right now, in mid-May 2020, we are transmission observing a substantial easing of restrictions in many European countries, whereas other countries ■ Phase 4: Relaxation such as India and Colombia remain under lockdown. Phase 1 of the virus outbreak started with the During phases 1, 2 and beginning of 3, decision- appearance of COVID-19 in the Chinese city of makers and planners in the transport sector initially Wuhan in early January, spreading globally as focused on the role of public transport as both a pandemic in the following months. potential vector for spread of the virus and important key to support mobility of essential The lockdown of the Hubei province and Wuhan workers (the categorization of population in starting January 23, 2020 can be considered as the essential, e.g. health, security, staff at groceries, and beginning of phase 2 in China; in Europe, Italy and non-essential workers became quickly a feature of France enforced lockdowns starting early to mid- the COVID-19 crisis). March, followed by other countries. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. 3 Phases 1 and 2: Coordinated response Focus on Public In order to ensure a systematically coordinated response and effective implementation of measures by public transport companies and authorities, Transport and contagious virus or pandemic response plans shall form the basis for action and measure getting prepared implementation. In addition, all measures taken by governmental agencies and public transport companies in order to ensure safety of staff and With regard to the pathogens' ability to travel, buses passengers as well as a further spread of COVID-19 and trains are of course excellent ways of spreading shall be based on comprehensive impact of infections - the study on infection of 9 passengers assessments. Social, environmental and climate as in a long-distance bus in Hunan in January became well as economic impacts of measures shall be taken famous in this respect; the study has been retracted into account. meanwhile without giving reasons (however, we do keep it for documentary reasons). Protection of Staff, Figure 4 - How COVID-19 spread through a Hunan bus Infrastructure and Passengers Employees are the most important assets in public transport. They are therefore given special protection, both as individuals and in their function as drivers, supervisors, managers, etc. It is in the nature of things that employees in public transport In many Chinese and Indian cities such as Wuhan, have close contact with the customers, i.e. the Huanggang or Delhi, public transport was passengers. Therefore, protective measures cannot suspended in order to contain the virus. Even cover all potential risks. though the total shut down of public transport systems was and is not a measure taken by all cities International associations like the Transport which are affected by the epidemic, it is important Research Board (TRB), the American Public to systematically identify areas of action to minimize Transport Association (APTA) and the International the risks for public transport staff and passengers. Organisation for Public Transport Authorities and Operators (UITP) provide factsheets and general Cities quickly understood the need for coordinated information and monitor the situation. It is response as well as the need to protect staff, worthwhile to search on their platforms regularly infrastructure and passengers: for information. For example, APTA recommends the following measures: 4 Table 1 - APTA recommendations for preventing the spread of disease, Source: APTA (2020), Summary: A Guide for Public Transportation Pandemic Planning and Responses (NCHRP Report 769), March 2020, (https://www.apta.com/wp- content/uploads/APTA-Coronavirus-Brief-03-05-20.pdf) 5 The Shenzhen Bus Group Company has compiled a gloves/hand sanitizers) in order to secure their comprehensive report on measures and health and avoid them from being infected. experiences in the fight against the corona virus including: d) Health check-up: Regular health check-ups can support and ensure that the employees feel safe and comfortable at work as well as identify any potential infections in an early stage.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Frequently Asked Questions About Tourism and COVID- 19 in Peru
    Frequently Asked Questions about Tourism and COVID- 19 in Peru 31/08/2021 Introduction Peru is a bucket list destination for most avid travellers but in 2020 and part of 2021, like most touristic destinations, it historic sites and borders remained partially closed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. While the sanitary situation is being controlled globally and different countries are slowly starting to open their borders to international tourism, PROMPERU has worked the past months in a reopening plan for domestic and international tourism when the time is right and safe for visitors to come. As we adapt to the changes that travelling imply nowadays, we strongly believe that safety and health comes first. That’s why the public and private sector have worked jointly in order to adjust the implementation of the mandatory protocols in the different tourism segments. Find below some of the measures the Peruvian government has taken in the past months to assure a safe visit to Peru. For detailed and updated information please visit Peru.travel and contact our Information Offices (iPeru) Whatsapp +51 944492314. Check also your local travel advices before planning your trip to Peru. How is the vaccination process going in Peru? The vaccination process already started in February 2021 and the phases of vaccination are the following: • First phase In this stage, the aim is to protect the integrity of the Health System, the elderly and the continuity of basic services. Any person who provides services regardless of the nature of their employment or contractual relationship in the different instances of the health sector, adults aged sixty years and over, the President, personnel of the armed forces and police, firemen, red cross, security personnel, brigades’ members, cleaning staff, health students.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bird-Eye View of Costa Rica's Transport Infrastructure
    OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 1323 A bird-eye view of Costa Mauro Pisu, Rica's transport Federico Villalobos infrastructure https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlswbwvwqjf-en Unclassified ECO/WKP(2016)47 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 03-Aug-2016 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English - Or. English ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT Unclassified ECO/WKP(2016)47 Cancels & replaces the same document of 02 August 2016 A BIRD-EYE VIEW OF COSTA RICA'S TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT WORKING PAPERS No. 1323 By Mauro Pisu and Federico Villalobos OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). Authorised for publication by Robert Ford, Deputy Director, Country Studies Branch, Economics Department. All Economics Department Working Papers are available at www.oecd.org/eco/workingpapers English JT03399610 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format - This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of Or. English international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ECO/WKP(2016)47 OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). Working Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the OECD works.
    [Show full text]
  • Transperú – Sustainable Urban Transport NAMA Peru
    TRANSPerú – Sustainable Urban Transport NAMA Peru TRANSPerú Sustainable Urban Transport NAMA Peru Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-5 65760 Eschborn, Germany T +49 61 96 79-0 F +49 61 96 79-11 15 E [email protected] I www.giz.de Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) Jr. Zorritos 103 1508, Lima - Perú I http://www.mtc.gob.pe/ Ministry of Environment (MINAM) Av. Javier Prado Oeste 1440 San Isidro Lima - Perú I http://www.minam.gob.pe/ MTC, GIZ (015). TRANSPerú – Sustainable Urban Transport NAMA Peru. www.transport-namas.org/ Main authors: Carolin Capone (GIZ), Jill Velezmoro (GIZ) Supervision: Andre Eckermann (GIZ) Layout: Sandra Frankenberger Photo credits: Carlos Felipe Pardo Supported by: NAMA Facility This project is supported by the NAMA Facility on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conserva- tion, Building Nuclear Safety (BMUB) and the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). 3 Disclaimer Peru’s Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) and Ministry of Environment (MINAM) thank the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (German Federal Enterprise for International Coo- peration) for the collaboration and technical assistance in the preparation of this document. The collaboration with GIZ was conducted within the framework of the techni- cal cooperation between Peru and Germany through the TRANSfer project, commissioned to GIZ by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conserva- tion, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). The opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of GIZ and /or BMUB.
    [Show full text]
  • International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms
    UNITED NATIONS CERD International Convention on Distr. the Elimination GENERAL of all Forms of CERD/C/384/Add.5 Racial Discrimination 27 December 2001 ENGLISH Original: SPANISH COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 9 OF THE CONVENTION Sixteenth periodic reports of States parties due in 2000 Addendum COSTA RICA* [13 March 2001] ___________________ * This document contains the sixteenth periodic reports due on 4 January 2000. For the fifteenth periodic reports of Costa Rica and the summary records of the meetings at which the Committee considered those reports, see documents CERD/C/338/Add.4 and CERD/C/SR.1321-1322. GE.02-40003 (EXT) CERD/C/384/Add.5 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 7 I. GENERAL INFORMATION ..................................................................... 2 - 126 7 A. Legal framework.................................................................................. 2 - 52 7 1. Constitution .................................................................................. 2 - 7 7 2. International treaties ..................................................................... 8 - 20 8 3. Criminal Code............................................................................... 21 - 32 10 4. Specific regulations concerning discrimination............................ 33 - 37 11 5. Regulations favouring indigenous people....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance Service for Air Passengers
    GUIDANCE SERVICE FOR AIR PASSENGERS This manual contains relevant information and recommendations for air passengers visiting Peru. Civil Aviation Authority of Peru GUIDANCE SERVICE FOR AIR PA S S E N G E R S BEFORE TRAVELING The airline ticket formalizes the contract between the passenger and the airline. The airline must provide the conditions of transport to the passengers. It is important that passengers read and know those conditions of transportation as they establish the terms of the air transport service. Transportation terms are generally available on the airline's website. At the time of purchasing your ticket consider, at least, the following information so that you can choose the type of flight that suits you best so you can carry out your trip according to your needs: availability of flights (nonstop flights, flights with stopovers but no change of aircraft, flights operated by another airline) rates, itineraries, schedules, aircraft model, conditions, restrictions, reservations, cancellations, refunds and data about the quantity and weight of the baggage. Low fare tickets, in general, are subject to certain restrictive conditions that you should know about (impossibility of changes, no refund of the ticket amount, etc.) and they are of limited availability, as established by the airline. Therefore, it is important that before buying the ticket you should find out the conditions of this service in detail. Prior to the start of your trip, it is recommended that you confirm your flight reservation at least 48 hours before your scheduled flight begins or as directed by the airline. We recommend that you arrive at the airport 3 hours before an international flight and 2 hours before a domestic flight so that upon submission of the air ticket and your travel documents (Passport), a boarding pass is given to you.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
    107TH CONGRESS I P S. PRT. 1st Session Comme Print 107-64 United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Report on a Review of United States Assistance to Peruvian Counter-Drug Air Interdiction Efforts and the Shootdown of a Civilian Aircraft on April 20, 2001 October 2001 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 79-619 WASHINGTON : 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE BOB GRAHAM, Florida, Chairman RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama, Vice Chairman CARL LEVIN, Michigan JON KYL, Arizona JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, IV, West Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah RON WYDEN, Oregon PAT ROBERTS, Kansas RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois MIKE DEWINE, Ohio EVAN BAYH, Indiana FRED THOMPSON, Tennessee JOHN EDWARDS, North Carolina RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland THOMAS A. DASCHLE, South Dakota, Ex Officio TRENT LOTI, Mississippi, Ex Officio ALFRED CUMMING, Staff Director BILL DUHNKE, Minority Staff Director KATHLEEN P. McGHEE, Chief Clerk CONTENTS Page Background .................................................... 1 Nature of the Intelligence Committee's Review .................................................... 1 History of the Program ........................................................................................... 2 Program Results .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Leticia Incident
    The Leticia Incident The Colombian - Peruvian Border Conflict of 1932-1934 Exhibit Focus This thematic exhibit explores the territorial dispute between Colombia and Peru over control of the city of Leticia in Department of Amazonas and the League of Nations involvement in resolving the conflict. Introduction Local Peruvians, angry that Leticia had been ceded to Colombia in 1922, invaded Leticia to regain control of the territory. After nine months of fighting, Colombia and Peru agreed to abide by League arbitration to settle the quarrel. The League sent a Commission for the Administration of the Territory of Leticia to the area for one year. During peace treaty negotiations, a neutral military force under the Commission’s supervision policed the disputed territory. Exhibit Development The story-line progresses chronologically from the initial invasion of Colombian territory by Peru, through peace negotiations, to the League’s final decision to award the city and territory to Colombia. Commission for the Territory of Leticia, Colombia to Washington, D.C. U.S.A,, December 1933 Importance and Rarity via Bogotá, Colombia, 27 December 1933, League of Nations embossed seal on flap This was the earliest neutral military force under Surface rate paid by Pan American Union Postal Convention postage paid indicia (violet box) international control for peace-keeping purposes. It Eight recorded examples of official mail sent within Pan American Union countries remains the model for modern peace-keeping. Only twenty-six examples of official mail to
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 14939-PE STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT PERU Public Disclosure Authorized RURAL ROAD REHABILITATION AND MAINTENANCEPROJECT NOVEMBER 6, 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized Infrastructure and Operations Division Country Department III Public Disclosure Authorized Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of October 23, 1995) Exchange rate used in this study: Current Unit = Nuevo Sol (S/.) US$ 1 = S/. 2.26 FISCAL YEAR OF GOVERNMENT OF PERU January 1 - December 31 ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS CORPAC Peruvian Airport and Commercial Aviation Corporation (Corporacion Peruana de A eropuertos y A viaci6n Commercial) CTAR Regional Temporary Administrative Council (Consejo Transitorio Administrativo Regional) DGC General Directorate of Roads (Direcci6n General de Caminos) ENAFER National Railway Company (Empresa Nacional de Ferrocarriles) FONCODES Social Development and Compensation Fund (Fondo Nacional de Compensacion y Desarrollo Social) FCM Fondo Compensaci6n Municipal GDP Gross Domestic Product ICB International Competitive Bidding fDB Inter-American Development Bank IERR Internal Economic Rate of Return INADE National Institute of Development (Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo) NCB National Competitive Bidding MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance (Ministerio de Economiay Fin2anzas) MTC Ministry of Transport, Communications, Housing and Construction (Ministerio de Transporfes, Comunicaciones, Vivienda y Construcci6n) NGO Non-Governmental Organization NMT Non-Motorized Transport PERT-PCR Project Implementation Unit (Proyecto Especial Rehabilitaci6n Transporte-Programa Caminos Rurales) PERT Project Coordination Unit for Ln.3717-PE (Proyecto Especial de Rehabilitaci6n de Infraestructura de Transporte) SIMAC National Highway Maintenance System (Sistema Nacional de Mantenimiento de Carreteras) SOE Statement of Expenditures CAPECO Peruvian Chamber of Construction (Camara Peruana de la Construcci6n) PERU RURAL ROAD REHABILITATION AND MAINTENANCE PROJECT Table of Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Peru: an Andean Country with Significant Disaster and Emergency Management Challenges
    Peru: An Andean Country with Significant Disaster and Emergency Management Challenges Heriberto Urby, Jr., J.D., Ph.D.1 David A. McEntire, Ph.D.2 Ekong J. Peters3 Introduction Peru is a poor, developing country in South America. Like so many other countries in the world, Peru has experienced its share of increasing and more intense disasters. Its emergency management system, while making progress in the past few years, remains weak in certain respects and in need of more proactive measures. In particular, the government and the emergency managers in this country need to continue to develop more effective approaches to implementation of the phases of emergency management (e.g., mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery). This paper discusses Peru‘s disaster context; embarks on a short discussion of the vulnerability in this country; delineates the extreme past disasters experienced by her people; notes Peru‘s emergency management organization and laws, challenges and successes; and elaborates upon the lessons that have been learned as a result of studying Peru‘s emergency management system. The Peruvian Context Peru is located in South America and borders Chili to the south, Ecuador to the north, and Colombia, Brazil and Bolivia to the east. Its geography, climate, and people are diverse and somewhat unique. Peru‘s terrain includes relatively flat coastal areas, steep mountains in the central part of the country (rising to 5,000 meters or 16,400 feet in height in some cases), and rain forests in the east. The coastal areas are considered to be desert (particularly in the southern portion of the nation), while the central and eastern parts receive large amounts of rainfall.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Report No. 43494-PE Public Disclosure Authorized Peru Recent Economic Development in Infrastructure (REDI) (vol. 2) Investing in Infrastructure as an Engine for Growth: Spending More, Faster, and Spending Better December 1, 2010 Sustainable Development Department Public Disclosure Authorized Latin America and Caribbean Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ANEPSSA Asociación de Empresas Prestadoras de Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Servicio de Saneamiento del Perú (Peru Saneamiento (Ministry of Housing, Association of Enterprises Providers of MVCS Construction and Sanitation) Sanitation Services) BUMs Barrios Urbanos Marginales (Marginalized PCM Presidency of the Council of Ministers Urban Areas) CEPRI Special Privatization Commission (Comision SNIP Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública Especial de Privatization) (National Public Investment System) CONAM Consejo Nacional del Ambiente (National SUNASS Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Environment Council) Saneamiento (National Agency of Sanitation Services) DGPMSP Dirección General de Programación TRASS Tribunal Administrativo de Solución Multianual del Sector Público (General Reclamos de Usuarios de Servicios de Directorate of Multi-anual Planning for the Saneamiento (Administrative Court for Public Sector) Claims from Users of Water and Sanitation Services) DGPP Dirección General de Presupuesto Público VMCS Vice Ministerio de Construcción y (General Directorate for Public Budget) Saneamiento (Vice Ministry of Construction and Sanitation) DIGESA
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Nature, Nation And
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Nature, Nation and Animality in the Discourse of Literary Indigenismo: Case Studies in Peru, Mexico & the American Southwest, 1920-1974 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures by Carolina Beltran 2021 © Copyright by Carolina Beltran 2021 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Nature, Nation and Animality in the Discourse of Literary Indigenismo: Case Studies in Peru, Mexico & the American Southwest, 1920-1974 by Carolina Beltran Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures University of California, Los Angeles, 2021 Professor Efrain Kristal, Chair This dissertation examines the ways that indigenista writers from Mexico and Peru used animals in their representation of indigenous peoples, particularly in proposing a “new type of being” as the privileged subject for the nation. Literary indigenismo is a genre of narrative fiction produced by non- indigenous writers interested in the place and condition of indigenous peoples in the context of larger concerns regarding nationhood and modernity. This dissertation underscores the role nature and animals can and did play in these literary representations of the "indigenous question," which is to say of integrating indigenous peoples or indigenous world-views into non-indigenous milieus. This dissertation argues that indigenista writers used animals in ways that exemplify a tension between perceptions of indigenous views on the inherent connections between nature and the human, and Western discourses on animality—as the attribution of animal traits—that presuppose the hierarchical superiority of the human over nature. I coin the term "indigenista animality" to propose a reinterpretation of literary indigenismo that pays as much attention to the literary representation of indigenous human-animal cosmologies as it does to Western discourses on race and species.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourist Attractions of Puntarenas, Monteverde and Nicoya Gulf Islands
    Tourist Attractions of Puntarenas digital Alt | ICT Puntarenas, Monteverde and Fotografías: Nicoya Gulf Islands Estero Pitahaya y Chacarita Casa Fait Correos de Atractivos turísticos de Puntarenas, Monteverde y las Costa Rica islas del Golfo de Nicoya Bomberos a Jacó y Parque Parque San José Muelle ICT Mora Cañas Victoria Puntarenas Terminal de Ferry a Paquera The city, or port of Puntarenas, has wide-open beaches Catedral del Policía Sagrado Corazón for you to enjoy the sun and sea. Historically, it has been Cruz Roja | | Tel.: (506) 2299-5800 (506) Tel.: a recreational area for local tourists. It now offers a variety 777-1000 Box P.O. Buses a Liberia of first-class tourist services that have led to an increase Casa de II. Pablo Juan Puente del este costado Uruca, La in international tourism. Here, you can enjoy local food Faro la Cultura Estadio and drink, where the cuisine comes directly from the Buses a Monteverde [email protected] Lito Pérez ocean, such as the famous ceviche. www.visitcostarica.com La ciudad-puerto de Puntarenas cuenta con amplias playas Terminal Buses EU (San José), Jacó, Quepos Turista al Servicio de Departamento que permiten disfrutar del mar y el sol. Históricamente ha Oficina sido el lugar de recreación de turismo nacional, pues ofrece Local Parque de Department Service Tourist Clínica Los Cañones diversidad de servicios turísticos de calidad que facilitan la Océano Pacífico visita de visitantes internacionales. Capitanía El famoso Paseo de los Turistas permite hacer un recorrido Paseo de los Turistas de Puertos para observar los cruceros que llegan al muelle, disfrutar de una deliciosa ensalada de frutas o un “churchill” (granizado) en alguno de sus múltiples kioscos o simplemente caminar por uno de los sitios más tradicionales de esta provincia.
    [Show full text]