Faith, Doubt, and Evidence : God's Vouchers for His Written Word, With
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PRINCETON, N. J. '«S. Division . .*Xr< . .?W. .TT. O.V Section .>. V^.-JW..I She//. Number Faith, Doubt, and Evidence. GOD'S VOUCHERS HIS V/RITTEN WORD, WITH CRITICAL ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. FRANKLLV. / REV. GEORGE B. CHEEVER, D.D., AUTHOR OF "LECTURES ON THE PILGRIM's PROGRESS," "VOICES OF NATURE TO THE SOUL," " WINDINGS OF THE RIVER OF LIFE," ETC. New York: ANSON D. F. RANDOLPH & COMPANY, gCX) BROADWAY, COR. 20lh STREET. Copyright 1881, By Anson D. F. Randolph & Company. PEIIICKTON htC. APai882 THaOLGGIC&X^ PREFACE. The compound title of this volume may need some little explanation. Biograjjliy and history are as day- books and ledgers, mutual vouchers for the truth. The Bible is no exception. In Divine Scripture there are the same checks and counter-checks for our as- surance, balancing, correcting, and interpreting the accounts. State documents and laws are i:»roved by depositions of personal evidence. Biography and history make up the body of all our knowledge of mankind. The correlations between the Pentateuch and the Psalms, between the liistoric books and the prophets, between the occasions and beginnings of laws and observances, and the obedience of the people, and the mouldiug, discijsline, and growth of the national character, are a web of demonstrations such as can not be found in the institutions and histories, the iv Preface. literatui-e and life, the geography and local peculiar- ities, or the gloiy and the crunes and sufferings of any other nation on earth. There is nothing else- where aj^proaching it. It is an indisputable, inde- structible tissue of laws, promises, warnings, pre- dictions, fulfilments, events, providences, statutes, customs, social and religious institutions, and super- natural sanctions and awards, interwoven under one divine plan; and the unity is a perfect despotism of significance, from the sunlight of which no part can be withdrawn, and under which every book must be interpreted. But we need for such interpretation, in stvidying the Word as well as the works of God, both a tele- scopic and microscopic vision; the telescope to see farther off into immeasurable space and quantity, and the microscope to trace minute relations and connections of the nearest and smallest of God's works and words with the most distant and the largest. For they are aU one, and all have more or less the brightness and express image, the dna.vya6i.ict and A:'^/-'";«r;/,'j, of His glory, by whom and through whom and for whom are all things; so that the whole Preface, v created universe, material and immaterial, and all in- telligences therein, are a Christian universe, with a Chi'istian character and design; and the Law, over all laws, and for aU beings and things, is the law of righteousness in Christ; of whom the whole family in heaven and eaiih are named; neither is there any real progress possible, in theology or in natural science, but only in and under the acknowledgment of the mystery of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, in whose name aU nations are to be in- structed and baptized. The instruction, the baptism, the infinite mystery, and the results, are indisputable vouchers for God's Word, as beyond aU question //;'.s Word, not man's. Here are faith, doubt, evidence, inspiration, infalli- bility, assui'ance, and eternal life. Faith is the oi'igin and justifying ground of hope, which is the result, through prayer, of even the least degree of faith in God's promises. Then hope, exer- cised in prayer through faith, begins to realize God's Word in assurance, by the " Earnest of the Spirit in the heart." But hope imphes doubt; and fear by reason of the eternal consequences depending, is a vi Preface. just and bealtlifui correlative and stimulant of both. Thus, faith and doubt, animated and inspired by hope, -work out the demonstration. Doubt itself be- comes the means and index of investigation; sharp- ens a man's criticism and inquisitiveness, by the very sincerity and anguish of his x>erplexities, seeking the right, the safe, the holy path. An Indian on a trail is but made the keener and more careful in his search, by his uncertainties. Faith would cease both its preciousness and its l^raise, as well as its usefulness, if there were no grounds of doubt. Actual sight puts faith behind, not before ; and hope that is seen is not hope, for what a man seeth, why doth he yet hope for? But if we hope for that we see not, then do we with patience wait and labor for it, because of our faith in God, and in His "Word. Inspired and urged by doubt, faith and hope work out the evidence by which the soul rests in God. Faith becomes the siihslanlia of things hoped for (the vnodradii), and brings to light the evidence of thuigs not seen. A screw is swifter than an arrow; for its alh', its lever, is resistance. A screw adapted to the air, as Preface. vli an iron propeller to the water, would be swift as the lightning. Knowledge advances and accumulates by- obstacles. Evidence does not come in a straight line of propositions and conclusions, but pom-s in from a multitude of side and interweaving brooks and streams, that themselves have wound their way among mountains and tumbled over precipices. So that an an-ay of evidences may be more truly logi- cal, more absolutely demonstrative, in fragmentary and desultory processes, of experiments, interfer- ences and cross-hghts, duels of incidence and coinci- dence, reflection and refi-action, than by steel links in any one chain. The heat of earnest doubt is as the smoking flax, working for flame. God values it, Christ hallows and blesses it. And in its very nature such doubt works by faith and for faith, and lays hold of all things, in- tertwisting atid conquering (as Jacob, the wrestler at midnight,) with obstacles seemingly omnipotent, but whose resistance gives strength; just as an immeas- urable screw in its vast and mighty revolutions might make the ocean and the whole material universe its propelling shaft. Thus God's own love wrestles with " viii Preface. Spii'itual sin and death, and brings good out of evil, causing the wi'ath of men and devils to praise Him and restraining the remainder of wrath. God's old mii'acles are kept w^orking new results, just as Aaron's rod that blossomed was laid up in the ark for occasion of new rebellions. In Blunt's admii'able volume of "Undesigned Co- incidences," he remarks, in considering the veracity of the Books of Moses, that "the more attentively and scrupulously we examine the Scriptiu'es, the more we shall be convinced that the natural and supernat- ural events recorded in them must stand or fall to- gether. The Spirit of mirojcles possesses the entire body of the Bible, and can not he cast out xoilhout rending in pieces the lohole frame of the hUtory itself, merely con- sidered as a history." * Of these historic correlations, the existence of which is itself a proof of the miraculous presence of God, as clear as the shining of the sun, tlic passage in Deut. • "Vci-acity of the Books of Moses," Part I. Also, Stilling- fleet's "Origines Sacno," vol. i. b. ii., on Moses and Miracles. Oxford edition, 183C. Also, Havernick, "Introd. Pentateuch p. 4AG, Edinburgh, 1850. Preface. ix xxxi. 24^27, and the repetition of the same in verses 28, 29, 30, are an instance so remarkable, that it might have been set at the head of the argument for a mi- raculous interposition down to the coming of Christ. " Take this book of the law, and put it in the side of the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, that it may be there for a ivilness against thee." Thus Moses by the will of the Lord commanded the Le- vites, having previously (Moses and Joshua together), received theu' charge fi*om God, in the tabernacle of the congregation, in the presence of all the people. " Write ye this song for you, and teach it to the chil- dren of Israel. Put it in then- mouths, that this song may be a witness for IVIe against the children of Israel. And it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are befallen them, that this song shall TESTIFY against THEM AS A WITNESS; for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of theu' seed. Moses therefore wrote this song the same day, and taught it the children of Israel," and gave Joshua God's charge. The song is then recorded, and at the end of its recital it is added, ih(U Moses spake all the icorda of tills song, in the ears of the people, he, and Joshua X Preface. the son of Nuu. And Moses made an end of sj^eak- ing all these words to all Israel. And he said unto them, " Set your hearts unto all the words which I testify' among you this day, which ye shaU command ^•our children to observe to do, all the words of this law. For it is not a vain thing for you, because it is YOUR LIFE." Your life ; and a witness against yourselves, he- cause it condemns you, and may lead you back to God, who alone can forgive and redeem you ! This is God's merciful educational discipline, begun and de- monstrated with the Israehtes, and continued for centuries in the whole course of His providences and proj)hets from Samuel to Malachi; and thence for- ward on the same principles with all mankind, in all kingdoms and nations, to the end of time, even for life eternal, which is the gift offered to all, by the Root and the Offspring of David, the Bright and the Morning Star, so long as the Spirit and the Bride say come.