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Introduction: the Legend of King Arthur
Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Professor Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 1 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire with the consent of the author. 2 Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Abstract of: “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 The stories of Arthurian literary tradition have provided our modern age with gripping tales of chivalry, adventure, and betrayal. King Arthur remains a hero of legend in the annals of the British Isles. However, one question remains: did King Arthur actually exist? Early medieval historical sources provide clues that have identified various figures that may have been the template for King Arthur. Such candidates such as the second century Roman general Lucius Artorius Castus, the fifth century Breton leader Riothamus, and the sixth century British leader Ambrosius Aurelianus hold high esteem as possible candidates for the historical King Arthur. Through the analysis of original sources and authors such as the Easter Annals, Nennius, Bede, Gildas, and the Annales Cambriae, parallels can be established which connect these historical figures to aspects of the Arthur of literary tradition. -
A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
Dragon Magazine
DRAGON 1 Publisher: Mike Cook Editor-in-Chief: Kim Mohan Shorter and stronger Editorial staff: Marilyn Favaro Roger Raupp If this isnt one of the first places you Patrick L. Price turn to when a new issue comes out, you Mary Kirchoff may have already noticed that TSR, Inc. Roger Moore Vol. VIII, No. 2 August 1983 Business manager: Mary Parkinson has a new name shorter and more Office staff: Sharon Walton accurate, since TSR is more than a SPECIAL ATTRACTION Mary Cossman hobby-gaming company. The name Layout designer: Kristine L. Bartyzel change is the most immediately visible The DRAGON® magazine index . 45 Contributing editor: Ed Greenwood effect of several changes the company has Covering more than seven years National advertising representative: undergone lately. in the space of six pages Robert Dewey To the limit of this space, heres some 1409 Pebblecreek Glenview IL 60025 information about the changes, mostly Phone (312)998-6237 expressed in terms of how I think they OTHER FEATURES will affect the audience we reach. For a This issues contributing artists: specific answer to that, see the notice Clyde Caldwell Phil Foglio across the bottom of page 4: Ares maga- The ecology of the beholder . 6 Roger Raupp Mary Hanson- Jeff Easley Roberts zine and DRAGON® magazine are going The Nine Hells, Part II . 22 Dave Trampier Edward B. Wagner to stay out of each others turf from now From Malbolge through Nessus Larry Elmore on, giving the readers of each magazine more of what they read it for. Saved by the cavalry! . 56 DRAGON Magazine (ISSN 0279-6848) is pub- I mention that change here as an lished monthly for a subscription price of $24 per example of what has happened, some- Army in BOOT HILL® game terms year by Dragon Publishing, a division of TSR, Inc. -
Establishment of the Round Table King Arthur
Establishment Of The Round Table King Arthur Aron usually titrating overpoweringly or stars trickishly when laigh Janus reapplies oftentimes and aurorally. Fundamentalism Wye intravasationsometimes caning throbbing his filibusters coordinately sanguinely or notch and andante, cohering is Augustin so fraudulently! self-trained? Triboluminescent and quietism Rene evangelise her Chretien de troyes form below, loyalty by noble king arthur my last king arthur was midnight a degree of He may have existed. Yvain defeated the seneschal and his brother through trial by combat. Since Chretien had died before ever completing this work, some contemporary and later authors tried to complete his tale or rewrite their own versions of Perceval. Sir Galahad drew near, all armed save his helmet, and stood by the tomb. Analysis, related quotes, timeline. Sir Meliagraunce has borne himself both shamefully and cowardly towards me. The story begins with the miraculous time travel of a regular American back to the time of King Arthur. There was one seat though, at which none could sit. SEC would continue to discourage such awards on the rationale that it would not want to encourage employees whose job it was to prevent corporate legal and ethical violations to profit from simply doing their jobs. Morte and shows Malory at the height of his powers. Had Gawain stayed in Rome, the story implied that Gawain would have succeeded his foster father, and become emperor. Elaine will die for your sake. Arthur took Merlin as his adviser, aide, and soothsayer, and the wizard foretold much that would happen to Arthur. Among the knights who answer his call is Lancelot of the Lake, a French knight who is unrivaled in combat. -
Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs : Guinevere and Medieval Queens Jessica Grady [email protected]
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 1-1-2009 Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs : Guinevere and Medieval Queens Jessica Grady [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Other Classics Commons Recommended Citation Grady, Jessica, "Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs : Guinevere and Medieval Queens" (2009). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 69. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs: Guinevere and Medieval Queens Thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History by Jessica Grady Dr. Laura Michele Diener, Ph.D., Committee Chairperson Dr. David Winter, Ph.D. Dr. William Palmer, Ph.D. Marshall University December 2009 ABSTRACT Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs: Guinevere and Medieval Queens by Jessica Grady Authors have given Queen Guinevere of the Arthurian stories a wide variety of personalities; she has been varyingly portrayed as seductive, faithful, “fallen,” powerful, powerless, weak-willed, strong-willed, even as an inheritor of a matriarchal tradition. These personalities span eight centuries and are the products of their respective times and authors much more so than of any historical Guinevere. Despite this, however, threads of similarity run throughout many of the portrayals: she had power in some areas and none in others; she was involved in a courtly romance; and she did not produce an heir to the throne. -
Cornwall in the Early Arthurian Tradition It Is Believed That an Actual “King Arthur” Lived in 6Th Century AD in the Southwe
Cornwall in the Early Arthurian Tradition Heather Dale April 2008 It is believed that an actual “King Arthur” lived in 6th Century AD in the southwestern area of Britain. A brief history lesson is needed to provide the backdrop to this historical Arthur. In 43 AD, the Romans occupied Britain, subduing the northern Pictish & Scottish tribes, and incorporating the pre-literate but somewhat more civilized Celtic peoples into the Roman Empire. The Romans intermarried with the Celts, who emulated their customs and superior technology; these Romanized Celts became known as Britons. When the Romans abandoned Britain in 410 AD, the Britons found themselves attacked on all sides: the northern tribes pushed south, the Irish raided from the west, and fierce Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Franks, Frisians) and Norsemen slowly pushed the Celts into southwestern Wales and Cornwall. Some even fled across to the Continent, establishing Brittany in western France and becoming known as Bretons. It is in this turbulent post-Roman time that a brave man, perhaps a sort of tribal chieftain, led a small force of Britons into battle with the Germanic tribes. And due to tactical skill, superior fighting prowess and/or incredible luck (we will never know) this Artorius or Arthur held back the Germanic hordes from his corner of Britain for 30 years, a full generation. This incredible feat is first mentioned in a 6th century quasi-historical Latin chronicle by the monk Gildas. Later chroniclers added detail of dubious historical accuracy but great heroism to the tale of Arthur. The Venerable Bede wrote in 731 AD about the first great victory over the Saxons at Mount Badon (surmised by some to be Liddington Castle near Swindon), and the Welsh chronicler Nennius bases his 9th century story on material from the rich Welsh storytelling tradition. -
John Cowper Powys's Porius: a Reader's Companion
John Cowper Powys: Porius A Reader’s Companion Updated and Expanded Edition W. J. Keith April 2009 “Reader’s Companions” by Prof. W.J. Keith to other Powys works are available at: https://www.powys-society.org/Articles.html Preface The aim of this “Companion” is to provide background information that will enrich a reading of Powys’s novel/romance. It glosses Welsh, classical, biblical, and other allusions, identifies quotations, explains geographical and historical references, and offers any commentary that may throw light on the more complex aspects of the text. (When a quotation is involved, the passage is listed under the first word even if it is “a” or “the.”) It was first made available on the Internet and in booklet form in 2004, and has subsequently been updated and revised from time to time. The present version has been thoroughly reset and expanded. Numerous errors discovered in the intervening years have been corrected. All page-references are to Judith Bond and Morine Krissdóttir’s edition published by Overlook Duckworth in 2007, with those to Wilbur T. Albrecht’s 1994 edition from Colgate University Press following in square brackets. Since the latter contained many errors and inconsistencies, the words listed often appear there in somewhat different form. Moreover, because the editions are based on different copy-texts, some references appear only in one of the editions; when those occurring in only one version require separate annotation, they have been identified and glossed. References to other JCP books published during his lifetime will be either to the first editions or to reprints that reproduce the original pagination, with the following exceptions: Wolf Solent (London: Macdonald, 1961), Weymouth Sands (London: Macdonald, 1963), Maiden Castle (ed. -
Grailquest-Manual
·Adventure in the Age of King Arthur By Robert W. Hommel Published by Artworx Software Co.,·Inc. Penfield, New York Macintosh version About GrailQuest... In GrailQuest™ you portray Perceval, a young knight of the Round Table. Perceval has arrived at Camelot, the mythic capital of King Arthur's realm, only to find the King strangely troubled. His kingdom, it seems, is in disarray. The great victories of the past that unified England are now largely forgotten. The Saxon invaders have returned and won back much of their former land. Strongholds that once enforced Arthur's borders have fallen into disrepair - or worse, now guard Arthur's enemies. Merlin, the King's trusted advisor for so many years, has disappeared after seemingly falling in love with a young enchantress. A strange malaise has fallen on the Round Table. The knights who helped Arthur build an empire to rival ancient Rome now spend their days in Court intrigue and their nights besotted with wine and their mistresses. Then, as Merlin foretold, Arthur received a vision. "In the days of your decline," Merlin had said, "You shall see a vision of the Holy Grail It shall become the focus of a great Quest. All your knights shall seek it, and in seeking it, shall find themselves. And he that finds the Grail shall become the greatest and noblest of knights. And in finding the Grail, he shall restore the realm to its former grandeur and the Waste Land shall flower once again, and the maimed King shall be healed." And so it was. -
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} the Story of Queen Guinevere and Sir Lancelot
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Story Of Queen Guinevere And Sir Lancelot Of The Lake With Other Poems by Wilhelm Hertz The Story Of Queen Guinevere And Sir Lancelot Of The Lake: With Other Poems by Wilhelm Hertz. Access to raw data. The story of Queen Guinevere and Sir Lancelot of the lake. After the German of Wilhelm Hertz. With other poems. Abstract. Mode of access: Internet. To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request. Suggested articles. Useful links. Blog Services About CORE Contact us. Writing about CORE? Discover our research outputs and cite our work. CORE is a not-for-profit service delivered by the Open University and Jisc. Arthur, King. King Arthur was a legendary ruler of Britain whose life and deeds became the basis for a collection of tales known as the Arthurian legends. As the leading figure in British mythology, King Arthur is a national hero and a symbol of Britain's heroic heritage. But his appeal is not limited to Britain. The Arthurian story—with its elements of mystery, magic, love, war, adventure, betrayal, and fate—has touched the popular imagination and has become part of the world's shared mythology. The Celts blended stories of the warrior Arthur with those of much older mythological characters, such as Gwydion (pronounced GWID-yon), a Welsh priest-king. Old Welsh tales and poems place Arthur in traditional Celtic legends, including a hunt for an enchanted wild pig and a search for a magic cauldron, or kettle. In addition, Arthur is surrounded by a band of loyal followers who greatly resemble the disciples of Finn , the legendary Irish hero. -
King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table Stephen Colbourn
Intermediate Level Points for Understanding Answer Key King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table Stephen Colbourn 1 1 Uther’s army sat outside the castle and waited for the defenders to run out of food. 2 Merlin changed the shape of Uther, so that Uther looked like Gorlois. 2 Arthur’s parents were Uther and Igraine. But Uther promised to give his baby to Merlin, so Merlin took the baby, Arthur, to live with Sir Ector. 2 Arthur became King of England by drawing the sword from the stone. 3 The Sword of Right was a symbol that Arthur was king. The Sword of Might was a battle sword. 2 Arthur knew that he must return the sword when he saw the lake again. 4 Lancelot is the Champion Knight of Camelot because he is the bravest knight who fights on behalf of King Arthur. 2 Merlin and Nimuë spoke to each other by magic or telepathy. 5 Nimuë and Morgana wanted Merlin’s magic powers. 2 Merlin means that Arthur must rule by himself and not rely on Merlin’s magic or prophesies. 6 a The Green Knight challenges the Knights of the Round Table to strike him with his own axe. b Sir Gawain makes a bargain with the Green Knight. Gawain agrees to strike at the Green Knight first. Then after one year, go the castle of the Green Knight where he will strike at Gawain. This is a terrible bargain as the Green Knight does not die. c The Green Knights’ lady gives Gawain a small green ribbon. -
Britanniae (12Th-15Th C.)
Royal adultery and illegitimacy: moral and political issues raised by the story of Utherpandragon and Ygerne in the French rewritings of the Historia Regum Britanniae (12th-15th c.) Irène Fabry-Tehranchi British Library In the widely spread Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth (1138),1 which survives in about 200 manuscripts, Merlin's magic helps King Utherpandragon to fulfill his love for the duchess of Tintagel, by giving him the duke's appearance. Ygerne is deceived, but this union eventually leads to the conception of Arthur. The episode has been discussed in relation with its sources: according to E. Faral, the story could be inspired by the love of Jupiter, who with the help of Mercury takes the shape of Amphitryon to deceive his wife Alcmene, who gives birth to Hercules.2 For L. Mathey-Maille, the story of the conception of Arthur could come from a legendary or folkloric source from Celtic origins with a later moralising addition of a biblical reference.3 The passage has also been analysed through mythical structures like the three Dumezilian indo-european functions which involve fertility, war and religion. J. Grisward has shown that in order to lie with Ygerne, Uther successively offers her gold and jewelry, engages in military conflict, and eventually resorts to magic.4 Politically, because of Merlin's essential participation and privileged connection with the supernatural, Uther cannot assume alone a full sovereignty, but he needs Merlin's assistance.5 The change brought by the author of the prose Merlin to the story of Arthur's conception makes it fit even better with the myth of the hero's birth examined by O. -
Le Morte Darthur by Syr Thomas Malory
Hzb'7 V. MALORY'S MORTE DARTHUR ^; ''^- 'i. ^ % > V •^'•v '''i% B/ "^ % 9, i i % ] ^ LE MORTE DARTHUR BY SYR THOMAS MALORY THE ORIGINAL EDITION OF WILLIAM CAXTON NOW REPRINTED AND EDITED BY H. OSKAR SOMMER, Ph.D. VOL. III. STUDIES ON THE SOURCES WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY BY ANDREW LANG, M.A. LONDON : PUBLISHED BY DAVID NUTT, IN THE STRAND ^ I 891 / ; PREFACE. HERE present to the world of scholarship the % third and last instalment of the work which four years ago I set myself to accomplish, and of which I published the first instalment in the spring of 1889. I have faithfully endeavoured \ to redeem every pledge I made to the public and to myself, and to the best of my ability to render this work, which was begun and has been continued as a labour of love, \ a worthy contribution to English literature, a worthy example of German scholarship. The task has been a long and an onerous one during its execution my health failed me repeatedly—to this, as well as to my resolve to explore every portion of the vast tract of Romantic literature that lay before me, and, I candidly confess it, to miscalculation of the complexity of the task, must be attributed the delay which has taken place in the issue of this third volume. I can, however, assure the subscribers to my work that, as regrettable as this delay may have appeared to some of them, it has enabled me to attain results of which I had no idea when I began my task.